Improving the organization of the quality management system. Proposals for improving quality management at the enterprise and their effectiveness. Graduation qualifying work
For several years, OJSC Caramel is associated with a good manufacturer. However, not all products correspond to the concept of "high-quality product." The point is not that the factory is a bad competitor, and in an outdated quality control system. The latter was already accustomed to OJSC Karamel and this habit prevents rationally to look at the breakdown in the old mechanism. To the thought of its elimination in December 1998, the management of the State Committee for Standardization, Metrology and Certification, when he spent in the Mordovian Center for Standardization, Metrology and Certification Cycle Creve Craig "Guide to obtain a certificate for ISO 9000". And here the position of the Committee completely coincides with mine. In order to conquer the consumer market abroad and increase its volume within the country, the standard is generally recognized in the world. The most appropriate, in my opinion, is ISO 9000.
The quality system is created in the enterprise as a means that ensures a certain policy and achieving the quality of the quality objectives. Primary is the formation and documentary registration of the management of the company's policy in the field of quality.
The quality system is developed taking into account the specific activity of the enterprise. The quality system of ISO 9000 is designed to ensure the quality of specific products, and therefore at the same enterprise producing various types of products, the system of quality of the enterprise may include the quality subsystems according to certain types of products. Quality system should cover all stages of the life cycle of products, which is called "quality loop" and divided into smaller stages.
Providing product quality is a combination of planned and systematically conducted activities that create the necessary conditions for the performance of each stage of the quality loop in such a way that the products satisfy certain quality requirements.
To determine the planned quality assurance activities, it is advisable to form target scientific and technological programs for improving product quality. The program is being developed for specific products and should contain tasks for the technical level and quality of products created, the requirements for the resource provision of all stages of the quality loop, as well as events at all stages of the quality loop, ensuring the implementation of these requirements.
Systematic quality assurance activities include the works that are performed by the enterprise constantly or with certain periodicity. A special place among them is occupied by activities related to the prevention of various deviations. In accordance with the ideology of ISO 9000 standards, the quality system should function in such a way as to ensure confidence that problems are preventing, and not detected after occurrence.
Quality management is a method and operational activity. These include: management of processes, identifying various kinds of inconsistencies in products, production or in the quality system and eliminate these inconsistencies, as well as caused their reasons.
In the methodology of quality systems, measures to identify and eliminate deviations and their causes are known as "closed management cycle", which includes control, accounting, analysis (evaluation), the adoption and implementation of the decision. Decisions can be made based on the results of the current information obtained by control, accounting and analyzing, as well as the results of processing and analyzing accumulated information.
When designing quality systems, quality management must be provided for as a mandatory principle with respect to all elements of the quality system at all stages of the quality loop.
Quality improvement is a permanent activity aimed at improving the technical level of products, the quality of its manufacture, the improvement of the elements of production and quality system.
The object of the quality improvement process can be any element of production or quality system. This activity is associated with the solution of the problem of obtaining results, the best in relation to the initially established standards.
The ideology of constant improvement in quality is directly related and follows from the tendency to increase the competitiveness of such products that has the highest quality level at a lower price.
The development of quality improvement activities requires a special organization. A characteristic organizational form of quality improvement is quality groups (abroad - quality mugs). In addition to this form, the organization can also be used. rationalizing activities, the creation of temporary creative teams, which in the practice of many foreign firms in solving certain tasks includes managers of firms, etc.
Requirements for the basic stages of the life cycle of products:
Quality as part of marketing. Marketing should play a leading role in determining the requirements for product quality. It is designed to: identify product requirements (services) market demand, consumer requirements, cost estimates and production time, provide enterprises with a detailed official report on the requirements for products. Such a description contains the wishes and requirements of consumers in the form of a list of technical conditions that will serve as a basis for the implementation of subsequent design work. Marketing must establish a permanent feedback system and control of the received information.
Quality when designing and developing technical conditions. The quality system is designed to ensure the creation of a project that meets the requirements of the consumer and the best world samples. Brief description of products obtained as a result of marketing is used as source requirements for the project.
Quality with material and technical supply. To ensure the quality of delivery, the quality system at least must include: a clear setting of requirements for purchased materials, semi-finished products, component parts and nodes; input control; Procedures for solving complex issues on the quality of purchasing products, etc.
Quality in the process of preparing the production and production of products. Preparation of production should be carried out in such a way that the technological process and the condition of all elements of production ensured the production of products in accordance with the requirements of technical documentation.
Quality at the post-produced stages. The purpose of the Quality System in post-work stages is to ensure product quality in loading and unloading, storage, transportation, installation.
Accounting and analysis of quality costs. In the context of the formation of market relations, the transition of enterprises to the enterprises and their exit to the international market, the quality of products and costs associated with them become an important factor in the economic situation of the enterprise and, in particular, such an indicator as a profit.
Intensive quality system efficiency can manifest itself in reducing the cost of products by minimizing total costs for all cost groups.
For practical solution This task is advisable to initially determine all the losses associated with product defects, then identify measures to prevent defects and strengthening (or weakening) control.
Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education
« Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Service under the President of the Russian Federation "
Branch in Chelyabinsk
Department of Economics and Management
Graduation qualifying work
Improving product quality management systems on the example of LLC NPP Techservisvermikulitis
Scientific Director: Torgay N.Z.
chelyabinsk 2012
Introduction
Theoretical aspects of product quality management
1 Essence of quality and import value in a market economy
2 Improving the quality management system of manufactured products at an industrial enterprise
Characteristics of the activities of the industrial enterprise LLC NPP "TechServisverMikulitis
1 brief description of the enterprise
2 Technical and Economic Indicators of the Enterprise
3 Characteristics of product quality management at the enterprise NPP TechServisvermikulitis
Improving the product quality management system at the enterprise NPP TEKHSERVISTERMICULIT
1 Improving the quality management system LLC NPP TechServisvermikulitis
2 Evaluation of the effectiveness of the developed quality system of OOO NPP "TechServisverMikulit"
Conclusion
List of used literature
ATTACHMENT
Introduction
Currently, the economy has a tendency in which such an indicator as quality plays one of the leading roles in the production of production and its subsequent movement. In developed countries, the quality management at the enterprise attracts special attention All divisions that affect the quality of products or services provided. For better interaction and, therefore, for a more effective result, various approaches to quality management are developed in enterprises.
Product quality (including novelty, technical level, lack of defects in execution, reliability in operation) is one of the most important means of competitive struggle, conquest and retention of positions in the market. Therefore, firms pay special attention to ensuring high quality products, establishing controls at all stages of the production process, starting with the quality of the quality of the raw materials and materials used and ending with the definition of the compliance of the released product with technical characteristics and parameters (not only during its tests, but also in operation) . Therefore, product quality management has become the main part of the production process and is directed not so much on identifying defects or marriage in finished products, how much to test the quality of the product in the process of its manufacture.
The most important source of production efficiency is the continuous increase in the technical level and quality of products. For technical systems, the rigid functional integration of all elements is characterized, so they do not have secondary elements that can be poorly designed and manufactured. Thus, the current level of NTP development has significantly tightened the requirements for the technical level and the quality of products in general and their individual elements. The systematic approach allows us to objectively choose the scale and direction of quality management, types of products, forms and methods of production, ensuring the greatest effect of effort and means spent on improving product quality. The systematic approach to improving the quality of products allows us to lay the scientific foundations of industrial enterprises, associations planning organs.
The relevance of the topic under consideration is due to the fact that in the conditions of a market economy, the quality of products manufactured is the key to the fact that the enterprise will not cease its existence and will be competitive.
Improving the process of product quality management at the enterprise should be considered as the most important direction of improving efficiency in general. The success of the production and economic and financial activities of the enterprise depends on the effectiveness of management decisions made at this stage.
Object of the study: LLC NPP TechServisvermikulitis.
Subject of research: management quality of industrial enterprise products.
The purpose of the work: to develop a program to improve the quality management systems of industrial enterprise products LLC NPP TechServisverMikulitis.
This goal is solved by disclosing the following main tasks:
reveal the essence of the quality and import value in a market economy;
consider the methods of improving the quality management system of manufactured products at an industrial enterprise;
analyze the activities of the enterprise;
conduct analysis of the quality management system;
suggest measures to improve the product quality management system.
Structurally, this work consists of administration, the main part consisting of three chapters, conclusion and list of used literature.
1. Theoretical Aspects of Product Quality Management
1.1 Essence of the quality and import value in a market economy
The continuous improvement of the quality of the quality of products during the transition to economic management methods on the principles of economic independence and competition, determines the need to significantly improve the efficiency and validity of activities and solutions in the field of product quality.
Industrial enterprises are one of the leading industries. Its characteristic feature is that it is a flow-mass production with a high level of mechanization and automation of technological processes.
Industry is actively affected by the development of other sectors of the economy in creating new progressive materials, components and equipment.
A special role in strengthening the position of the enterprise in the context of competition is acquired by the issue of improving the quality and efficiency of adopted management decisions.
Foreign and domestic science have achieved significant success in the development of the theory and practice of organizing the management and formation of quality systems at the enterprise. The experience of a number of countries (USA, Japan, Germany, etc.) convincingly testifies to the effectiveness of the use of scientific methods of the Ukrainian SCI. It is due to the improvement of these methods that they managed to achieve significant growth in economic development. The main method of researching economic processes is the approach to the object of study (manufacturing enterprise) as a system. When using a systemic approach, the company is considered as a set of elements focused on achieving certain goals in the conditions of a changing external environment. Indignation coming from the external environment affect production system. For an enterprise, this may be: a violation of the delivery time of raw materials, a change in prices for semi-finished products or raw materials, changing product sales conditions and others. The ability of the interaction of the enterprise and the external environment (with competitors' enterprises, banks, higher management organizations) determines the existing formation form, pricing principles, lending, logistics.
A special place in market conditions is allocated to the quality of products, since in the competitive environment of the market in the first place is not the amount of production of finished products, but its quality. UKP in the management structure is implemented by performing special functions. But first we will stop at the very concept of "quality".
Product quality developed with the evolution of production and management methods: from understanding quality as the degree of relevant product parameters of the requirements of technical documentation, prior to emphasis on the consumer productivity of products.
Quality is a capacious, complex and universal category, having many features and various aspects. Depending on the purpose of using and considering the quality to such basic aspects, it is possible: philosophical, social, technical, economic and legal.
With philosophical positions, quality means the essential certainty of the object under consideration, due to which it becomes specific and differs from another object. At the same time, the quality combines many objects in a totality, that is, makes them homogeneous. The category of quality expresses the corresponding stage of knowledge of the man of objective reality. On the initial stage Studies The object is allocated primarily by any individual property or a number of properties. From a philosophical point of view, the property is understood here as a way of manifesting a certain part of the quality of the object with respect to other objects with which it can interact. In the future, the quality acquires some set properties. Since each object is interrelated with other things and phenomena, it can have an innumerable amount of properties. However, attempts to determine the quality as a set of properties are not crowned with success. This fully refers to specific material objects. As for products, the quality category cannot only be reduced to individual properties, it should express the complete characteristics of the functional unity of the essential properties of this object. Thus, with a philosophical approach, quality is determined by all that objectively constitutes a relatively stable, internally certain essence of the object.
The social aspect of quality is associated with the attitude of the subjects and / or the entire society to the object being studied, for example, with the perception and attitude of certain consumers to relevant products or services. At the same time, quality can be considered as a category that meets the laws of supply and demand depends on the level of culture, consumer income, etc.
The technical aspect of quality is due to quantitative and qualitative changes in the object of the study. So, if the philosophical aspect of quality consists in the allocation of a combination of qualitatively homogeneous objects, then the engineer, considering the concept of quality, invests a concrete meaning in its content. The object of research becomes technical patterns in the formation and manifestation of physical, electromechanical and other properties of the subjects of the same purpose. With engineering positions, quality is investigated in comparison of the combination of the properties of the selected object with a similar object adopted depending on the purpose of the study for a certain standard.
From economic positions, quality is considered as a result of consumption or consumer value of the object under study. Since the needs for one or another object are diverse, the highness is assessed by consumers in different ways. Consequently, from an economic point of view, it is important to know how much the quality corresponds to the need, otherwise not all high quality is good, that is, there is a contradiction between the technical and economic understanding of quality. It is dialectical and is due to the additional interconnection of the production and consumption of objects, therefore it is advisable to consider joint technical and economic aspects of quality, especially since it is important when assessing quality level.
The legal aspect of quality refers to the development of scientific and technical documentation, the procedure for its development, approval, implementation and implementation, as well as accounting. From a legal point of view, quality acts as a set of properties of an object that meet the requirements established in scientific and technical documentation.
When determining the term "quality", various aspects of its understanding should be taken into account. However, due to a unilateral approach to this issue in the literature (both in domestic and foreign), you can find a lot of wording. For example, in MS ISO Series 9000, quality is defined as a set of properties and characteristics of products or services that give them the ability to satisfy the conditioned or alleged needs. In a number of foreign literary sources, quality is considered as compliance with the requirements of consumers, and sometimes the quality is explained as suitability for operation. However, this approach to definition of quality reflects only one side; What, as a rule, requires additional explanation.
More preferred and meets modern ideas about quality for products and services can be recognized as follows: Quality is a certain set of properties of products or services, potentially or actually able to satisfy the required needs when appointing them, including disposal or destruction.
At the same time, products should be understood as a totality of the whole manifold of material values \u200b\u200bprotruding in the form of a significant result. economic activity and intended to meet certain needs. Here, products are a generalized material concept and includes products, products, technologies.
Services should be characterized as a result of the interaction of suppliers (performers, manufacturers) and their means of labor with consumers to meet the needs of the latter. The services include, for example, transport, information, telecommunications, etc. can be attributed to, for example.
Achieving the quality level of products satisfying consumer requirements is carried out on the basis of quality management. To manage quality control means to develop, design, produce and maintain high-quality products, which is the most economical, most useful for the consumer and always satisfies its needs, which means: use quality control as a basis; Completely implements costs, price and income; Controls the number (volume of production, sales and stocks) and delivery times.
It is known that a significant amount of products manufactured by industrial enterprises have low quality, which is a natural consequence of the degradation of production potential at a significant rate of inflation and a sharp decrease in investment activity, the lack of developed market infrastructure and the competitive environment, however, in the domestic economy a certain "potential" qualities ", which should be maximum implemented. When sharp decreases state Help For enterprises, it remains only the way out of the crisis position: restructuring of the structure of production, a change in management methods, a decrease in its own costs and, changing the range and quality of products, in accordance with consumer requests. A significant obstacle in the modern economy to create conditions for improving product quality is a weak mechanism of market competition of manufacturers, which significantly reduces their interest in improving the quality of goods and services.
Take into account the fact that management methods in enterprises today are not clearly defined. There is no single concept of economic management in the conditions of the transition at the level of the state, the legal framework of the management is not formed to the end. There were no necessary changes in state and economic management directly by enterprises. Accordingly, there is also no product quality management concept on modern enterprises various forms of ownership.
In the development of market relations between the manufacturer and the consumer, the role and consumer value in assessing the quality of the product being created, therefore, the priority of the quality of products is increasing. So, the development of the quality management mechanism requires a deeper understanding of the essence of the category "quality", the development of a modern market approach to the definition of the concept of "product quality". This becomes possible on the basis of the study of the relationship of the product quality and consumer value, needs, cost, etc., covering the relevant parties to economic relations to meet the needs. There is also a link between the quality category and one of the most important categories of a market economy. The struggle of enterprises for the greatest profit is the driving force to improve the quality of products produced by them, accelerate NTP, reducing production costs.
1.2 Improving the quality management system of manufactured products at an industrial enterprise
In modern conditions, the purpose of managing product quality in the enterprise is to achieve the level of quality corresponding to the requirements of the elected market, with minimal costs.
This goal involves a consistent solution of two tasks:
determining the degree of conformity of the quality of the object under study of a specific need (quality assessment);
identification of ways to achieve the quality level required by the consumer with the smallest production costs.
The tasks are consistent with the modern concept of management. The main provisions that are as follows:
quality management is part of the general management of the enterprise, it permeates all units and affects all indicators;
it is necessary to adapt the comprehensive quality management (Total Quality Management (TOM) to the general management of the enterprise, and not vice versa;
it is necessary to cover all aspects (costs, time, structure) and all functions (sales, production, testing, etc.).
The modern management concept is a three-dimensional model having three controls: regulatory, strategic and operational (current); Three aspects: structure, activity and behavior; Three components: cost, quality and time. Moreover, the quality turns out to be the integrated factor that links all the elements of the system.
The experience of foreign firms and corporations showed that the concept of quality is the task, to the highest degree of complex. Therefore, the decision on improvement should not be reduced to the restructuring of any enterprise subsystem. It depends on the development of both material and real factors of production and management structures and methods.
Currently, it is generally recognized that the main way to ensure high quality products improving the technical level of production and its automation. In the development of a market economy, the problem of increasing the scientific validity of management decisions to ensure the quality of products is not an unimportant role.
Improving the methods of product quality management in the market conditions is based on the economic independence of the enterprise, the refusal of directive management methods at all levels of management, the use of the scientific approach and world experience to solving the problems of product quality management problems.
The study of the processes of automation of product quality management and the study of the organization of these processes at the industrial enterprises made it possible to conclude their insufficient effectiveness.
Questions solved in the process of product quality management are dispersed according to various functional subsystems, which does not provide the complexity and efficiency of calculations. During automated calculations, tasks are predominant to account for defects that do not contribute to the identification of the causes of the discovered marriage and the adoption of optimal quality management solutions.
Based on this, there is a need to allocate a complex of quality management tasks into an independent automated system for supporting decision-making and rethinking the composition of the tasks with their orientation to new economic conditions.
The main principle of the mechanism of the product quality system is the coverage of all stages of the product life cycle (quality loop); marketing, design and development of technical requirements; product development; material and technical supply; preparation and development of production processes; production, control, testing and examination, sales; Operational, maintenance.
The methodological approach to quality assurance based on a quality loop indicates that quality assurance activities begin and ends with marketing.
The essence of a modern marketing understanding can be expressed by the formula: to produce and sell only what will certainly find sales, and not try to force the consumer to take what managed to produce.
The main direction of marketing in the quality system in the enterprise is to determine the market demand and sales of products and services. Definition of product quality requirements, the formation of the policy of the enterprise in the field of quality, the definition of potential needs of consumers in products and services, informing managers and relevant specialists in the company's marketing results. quality studies, conquest of consumer confidence by proper advertising and creating their own image (corporate identity), representing the interests of the enterprise in relationships with consumers, studying pricing issues. Reverse information about quality makes it possible to more accurately determine the nature and scale of the problem associated with the wishes of consumers.
Based on the foregoing, the quality system of the enterprise should be based on the following provisions:
the quality system is developed and is documented as a means of providing respectively established requirements.
the quality system features a characteristic way along with all other types of activities that affect product quality and interacts with them.
responsibility for the definition of quality policy and for decisions regarding the development, implementation and operation of the quality system is assigned to the company's managers.
all elements and components of the quality system must be the subject of constant and regular internal audit and evaluation.
the implementation of the quality system objectives is provided by technical, administrative and human factors affecting the quality of products.
the quality system must be properly documented.
The quality management is more influenced by the accuracy and accuracy of control, timely detection of deviations in the process, traceability and identification.
The main reasons that determine the need to improve product quality in the conditions of a market concept is: a constant strengthening of competition, both in world and domestic markets, a continuous increase in personal, manufacturing and social needs, which, accordingly, causes a systematic increase in the requirements for the technical level of our Products, raising the role and pace of NTP in the development of science, technology, production, economics, management and the entire world community, the complication of the designs of products and increasing the responsibility of the functions performed by it, rejection by the consumer of products with a relatively low level of quality, tightening the requirements for improving production efficiency, As the necessary factor of the beneficiary existence of an enterprise.
Improving the quality of industrial products and, accordingly, ensuring its competitiveness is impossible without effective management, which should assume the focus of all attention and resources at the most priority areas of product quality management.
In the works of domestic and foreign researchers, many ways to improve the quality system in enterprises are considered. They are consideration of both private changes in existing quality management structures at the enterprise, methods, forms of quality accounting, and in fundamental changes in these directions. In this section, consider some of the most interesting options for improving quality management at the enterprise.
So, the concept of product quality management The transition period should include three inseparable elements: the two object management system, which is due to the difference in the forms of ownership and types of control objects requiring various management methods.
The difference in the management methods of the enterprise predetermines the differences in methods for managing the quality of manufactured products; Quality management on two levels.
Solving quality problem requires the implementation of a complex of radical measures on the macro and micro levels, their fine combination. As the market development, the stabilization of the economy, the formation of quality systems in Russian enterprises state regulation qualities will be consistently narrowed, in turn, the share of direct administrative levers will be reduced in the complex of state influence measures and increase the importance of indirect regulators; linking forms of state impact on quality with quality loop stages. Today state participation In one form or another should be distributed to all stages of formation and maintaining product quality.
At the same time, the choice of the form of state regulation, in our opinion, should, if possible, to be determined by the specifics of a specific stage of quality loop, although it is not always possible to trace a clear unambiguous relationship between them. Such a complex, conflicting phenomenon as quality is difficult to put into the scheme, however, we tried to schematically portray the connection of individual forms of state impact with the stages of the quality loop.
The situation, reducing and high-quality degradation of industrial potential at a significant rate of inflation and a sharp decline in investment activity, a high degree of monopolization of the economy and the lack of developed market infrastructure and a competitive environment, and the lack of a developed market infrastructure and a competitive environment, which deterrent to the inclusion of market mechanisms is not favorable to solve the problem of improving quality and competitiveness of domestic products.
At the same time, the main obstacle to creating the conditions for improving quality is the lack of a mechanism for market competition of manufacturers (both internal and external), which significantly reduces their interest in quality growth.
When solving the problem of improving the quality of Russian products during the transition to the market, it is necessary to be based not to be based on the copying of foreign concepts and approaches to quality management, but in the awareness, savings and efficient use of the already existing "quality potential".
Overcoming the problem of the quality of domestic products in the context of the transition to the market, with a change in the scale and methods of state regulation, property relations and organizational and legal forms of business entities, goals and conditions of their activities requires fundamentally different focused on a changing economic mechanism, approaches. At the same time, the specific characteristics of the economy of Russia, established in the past decades and to a certain extent that persists today is necessary.
In modern conditions, when the market is saturated, and the competitive struggle itself ensures the maintenance of the highest technical parameters of the product to achieve commercial success. It is necessary to ensure maximum compliance of its main characteristics of the specific needs of this market. This requirement most responds to the understanding of the quality as the degree of compliance with the requests of the consumer.
The level of quality of goods is caused by a specific market situation. Under these conditions, the most important task of marketing used as an effective tool to ensure the relationship of production and the market, adapting the proposal to the ever-changing demand, the targeted impact on the demand and creation of advantages in competition is the definition of the so-called victory quality For each of the market segments under consideration. It is such a constant interaction with consumers and defines the primary importance of marketing in the management of product quality.
With the release of domestic enterprises on the path of market relations, the development of competition, liberalization of foreign economic relations the main condition for the sale of products, sustainable and profitable workThe achievements of the basic market goals of most domestic enterprises are to solve the problem of competitiveness of products.
Determining in the complex of elements of competitiveness is quality, without which the goods do not exist. With the quality of the product, one way or another, all the main components of its competitiveness are associated.
2. Analysis of the system of product quality management of the industrial enterprise LLC NPP TechServisvermikulitis
2.1 Brief description of the enterprise
The history of the enterprise NPPP TEKHSERVISTERMICULIT LLC is inextricably linked to the well-known Institute of UralniStromProject, created on July 17, 1957, when the Eastern Research Institute of Industrial Facilities was established by order of the USSR Minhetlurgrhimstroy in Chelyabinsk.
A year later, the Institute was introduced to the Academy of Construction and Architecture of the USSR and received the status of the Ural branch of the Academy. As an academic organization, the Institute existed until March 26, 1963 and, in connection with the disbandment of the Academy of Construction and Architecture of the USSR, was transformed into the Ural Research Institute of Prefabricated Reinforced Concrete Products and Designs (Uralnyezalez concrete) of the USSR. From February 3, 1965, the Institute was transferred to the Ministry of Industry of Building Materials of the USSR as the Ural Research and Research Institute of Building Materials. (UralnyastromProject).
The development of the institute gave the lives of hundreds of enterprises of the Stroyirdustry, the best developments made at the world level, found their recognition and abroad.
The Institute was a recognized leader in technology and equipment for the production of mineral wool products, was engaged in the development of compositions and technologies for the manufacture of fast-hardening phosphate refractory aerated concrete compositions, the development of technological regulations for obtaining high-quality ceramic products, the development of man-made industries in the production of aggregates for construction concrete and binders and Use of ultra-high frequency energy for drying, firing ceramics, vermiculite and gypsum.
In 1992, the Laboratory of Vermiculitus with the name "Ahtyamov and Partners" was revealed from the UralnyastromProject Institute, which was further transformed into LLC NPP TechServisvermikulit in the future. The main directions of the work of the enterprise are the production and implementation of expanded vermiculite, the development of various types of refractory and thermal insulating construction products from it, the production of agroversiculitis for the needs of agriculture. In the future, the company organized the design and design department, which carried out projects to order enterprises for the production of equipment for expanded vermiculite and refractory products, which made it possible to significantly increase production turnover and the profit of the enterprise, which was used for its further development.
At the same time, administrative and industrial areas and fixed assets were rented from the UralniStromProject Institute. In the first years of the enterprise's existence, the number of employees amounted to 15 people.
Thanks to the expired long-term experience and intellectual potential of employees, the enterprise by the end of the 90s could increase production capacity, expand the client base and staff.
In 2004, the section of the Institute "UralniStromProekt" and LLC TEKHSERVISTERMICULIT LLC were transferred to the property, all laboratory and research and pilot industrial equipment, previously belonging to OJSC UralNiestromProekt, including a chemical and physicochemical laboratory, a scientific and technical archive and library , equipment laboratory mechanical testing and production workshop, with a total area of \u200b\u200b3000 m2.
The company refers to the construction industry.
The purpose of the enterprise LLC NPP TechServisvermikulitis is to obtain a profit as a result of its own business activities and the use of it in the interests of society.
The organization's mission is to meet customer needs by producing products that meet all technology and quality standards.
The strategy of the enterprise LLC NPP TechServisverMikulitis is the differentiation strategy, its essence is to find ways to be the only one who offers customers the additional features of the goods they want, and constantly maintain this advantage.
In its activities, LLC NPP TechServisvermikulitis is guided by the laws of the Russian Federation, the decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, the regulations and orders of the Government of the Russian Federation, the statute of the enterprise.
Currently, LLC NPP TechServisverMikulitis has status legal entityIt has calculated and other accounts in credit institutions, including in foreign currency, round seal containing its full brand name. The property is owned by property ( material values and financial resources) accounted for on its independent balance sheet. The property of the enterprise is formed at the expense of personal funds founders invested in share capital, from additional contributions to the property of the enterprise, income from production and economic activities, credit funds, as well as other revenues. Legal address of the enterprise: Chelyabinsk, ul. Steelhelov, 5.
Currently, LLC NPP TechServisvermikulitis is developing its commercial and industrial activities in the following areas:
Production of various types of refractory and thermal insulation materials, including expanded vermiculite and products on its basis, heat-resistant concrete, dry mixes for fire preserves, sprayed thermal insulation energy Installations;
Carrying out services for testing various building materials and products in order to determine their compliance with the requirements of standards and other regulatory documentation;
Performing the entire cycle of works on the creation of new equipment for the building materials industry: from scientific research, Development of design documentation, manufacturing experienced equipment samples before creating and launching turnkey technological lines.
Types of products and services provided and their use in the national economy are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Characteristics of products NPP "TechServisverMikulit"
Product NameMarc closed Used vermiculviv-150 in construction and metallurgy as thermal insulation material, aggregate of concrete and commodity masses in the manufacture of piece wall materials. MagrowMisculitav-150V agriculture indoor horticulture and to create a favorable climate for the development of root system rasteniyKeramovermikulitovye izdeliyaKVIV building industry for heat and sound insulation of residential and industrial zdaniyKremnevermikulitovye insulating plityKVPV various industries for high-temperature thermal insulation agregatovSuhie mixture fireproof heat insulating pokrytiyaVermizolV thermal energy and energy industry for thermal insulation for thermal insulation mixture ustanovokSuhaya for masonry solucts-5 in construction, energy industrySuchi thermal insulation mixture for plastering solucts-4 in construction, energy industry mixing mixture for heat-insulating heat-resistant concrete assembly construction, energy and chemical industry, metallurgy appliance of chamotenzshbdla production and improvement of the quality of the diagramor of chamottemsh-28 dollars and improving the quality of construction solid-headed stones-for burning fuel in thermal aggregates. Entering chalk-concrete closer for the construction and repair of heat units in the energy industry services for testing materials and products, for enterprises, for enterprises not having their own laboratories work-design workflow of projects, regulatory documentation for construction equipment and building materials production lines
The company leads its production activities in its own building with a total area of \u200b\u200b3000 m2. Of these - 1000 m2 occupies an administrative building and a laboratory and 2000 m2 - production workshop.
Production is carried out in several stages:
A) Purchase of raw materials and auxiliary materials.
B) Direct production of products in the workshop.
D) checking samples of released products in the test center
for compliance with the Gostas or TU.
E) packing and packaging manufactured products.
When implementing on each type of product, the test center is issued a quality certificate.
Delivery of products to customers is made both by pickup and own or ordered car or rail transport.
The sale of finished products is made on the basis of concluded contracts and contracts.
The main suppliers of raw materials for LLC NPP TechServisvermikulitis are: LLC Kovdorslud, OOO "Mechel-Materials", OJSC "Chelyabinsk Electrometallurgical Combine", OJSC "Beloretsky Metallurgical Plant", STROYTORG LLC, METALLOPT LLC and others.
The main, most promising consumers of products are enterprises of Kazakhstan - Ekibastuz Central GRES LLP, VostokogneuPor LLP, Unified Energy Corporation JSC, Ust-Kamenogorskaya GRES TOO, Russian enterprises - the most important of them - JSC "United Generating Company", which includes several GRES and CHP of Russia, OAO Energo Protection, LLC Energosystems and others.
The main consumers of the Services are LLC Minmetalsinzhiniring, CJSC "Chelyabinskoye Shakhtophodnaya Enterprise", Mechel-Materials LLC, Geological Center Rhodonite LLC, Geolog LLC and others.
At the enterprise LLC NPP Techservisvermikulitis employs 73 people.
Of these, 24 people refer to the administrative and managerial apparatus, and 49 are working as workers.
The organizational structure has a linear functional structure and is presented in Figure 1 (Appendix 1).
The linear functional organizational structure of control is the most common type of hierarchical (bureaucratic) structure. Since NPP TEKHSERVISTERMICULIT LLC is a small enterprise with a low number of employees, such a personnel management method is one of the most acceptable. The advantage of such a structure is a clear system of mutual relationships of functions and units, a clear system of uniqueness, clearly pronounced responsibility, a rapid response of executive units to direct instructions of higher, coherence of the actions of performers, the efficiency of decision-making, ease of organizational forms and clarity of relationships.
Linear structure is simple, it is easy to understand. Clearly outlined rights and duties of all its participants create conditions for prompt decision-making.
2.2 Technical and economic indicators of the enterprise
Analyzing the release of products from NPP TechServisvermikulitis LLC for three years, we conclude that the main share in the work of the enterprise is occupied by the production of flame retardant and thermal insulation materials.
Production and works are presented in Table 2 in comparison 2009-2011.
Table 2 Sales volumes of products NPP "TechServisvermikulit"
Name productsMarkad. izm2009g.2010g.2011g.Vspuchenny vermikulitVV-150m3402537,6AgrovermikulitAV-150m337,266,372,4Keramovermikulitovye izdeliyaKVIm3150,0351,519,1Kremnevermikulitovye insulating plityKVPm345,210,574,5Suhie mixture fireproof thermal insulation pokrytiyaVermizolt90,0160,0250,6Suhie mixture fireproof thermal insulation pokrytiyaVermivolt40,065,072, 0Shai heat-insulating mixture for masonry solucts-5t160,298,265,32) heat-insulating mixture for plastering solucts-4t36,03332,1404.36,0332,1404.3suhaya mixture for heat-insulating heat-resistant concretessbt62,4139,0404,9,91,011mcbt25,01,06,06,616,44 cm Stones-pcs761583926plitis climbing shamot concrete-194040773Services for testing materials MaterialsT.RUP.1352,21967,42250,5KE-design workts. PERSON. 1880,01830,560,0
Analysis of the main indicators of NPP LLC TechServisvermikulitis for 2008-2010 is presented in Table 3.
Table 3 Analysis of the main indicators of NPP LLC TechServisverMikulitis
Indicators (in thousand rubles) 200820092010Assolute deviation 2010 from 2008, thousand rubles. Researcher 2010 from 2008, thousand rubles. Sold from the sale of goods, products, works, services, thousand rubles. 770571438241671590358217 , products, works, services, thousand rubles.5022619896912156571339256571339242.0 sales from sales, thousand rubles.26831348554585019019170.9pribulus to taxation, thousand rubles .30418110965366123176536354482130062656
Based on the data presented, it is clear that revenues from the sale of goods in 2010 increased by 90,358 thousand rubles. Or it increased by 217.3%, in relation to 2008 and amounted to 167415 thousand rubles.
Product costs for 2010 increased by 71339 thousand rubles. Or it increased by 242.0%, in relation to 2008 and amounted to 121565 thousand rubles.
Profit from sales for 2010 increased by 19019 thousand rubles. Or it increased by 170.9%, in relation to 2008 and amounted to 45,850 thousand rubles.
Profit before taxation for 2010 increased by 6612 thousand rubles. Or it increased by 170.9%, in relation to 2008 and amounted to 9653 thousand rubles.
Net profit for 2010 increased by 3006 thousand rubles. Or it increased by 265.6%, in relation to 2008 and amounted to 4821 thousand rubles.
The company operates annually profitable, and despite the increase in the cost of realized products due to a sharp increase in raw material prices, has an annual stable profit.
Analysis of the profitability indicators of LLC NPP TechServisvermikulitis for 2008-2010 is presented in Table 4.
Table 4 Analysis of indicators of profitability of LLC NPP "TechServisverMikulit"
Indicators200920102011Assolute deviation of 2011 from 2009, thousand rubles. (%) Revenue from the sale of goods, products, works, services, thousand rubles.7705714382416741590358Sebestomy of goods sold, products, works, services, thousand rubles.50226198969121561989691,% 53,417,537,7-15,5,55,53,42,90,5
Based on the data provided, it is clear that the profitability of production in 2011 decreased by 15.7% compared to 2009 and amounted to 37.7%. Product profitability in 2011 increased by 0.5% compared to 2009 and amounted to 2.9%.
The reduction in profitability is explained by the following reasons:
growth of sales at the expense of the offer of additional discounts for customers;
an increase in production volumes occurred while maintaining the former quality system, which in the new conditions does not meet the growing requirements of the market; It entails an increase in the amount of marriage and returning products.
Thus, the analysis of the activities of NPP TEKHSERVISTERMICULIT LLC allows you to draw the following conclusions.
The company has significant intellectual potential, scientific developments, modern equipment, which significantly increases its competitiveness.
The range of products offered by the enterprise is quite large and allows you to work with various market segments (energy industry, industrial construction, housing construction), which helps to strengthen its position in the market.
The organizational structure of the enterprise and qualitative, as well as the number of personnel contribute to the development of the enterprise and the implementation of the main activity.
An analysis of the technical and economic indicators indicates an increase in production and sales, steady increase in profits. Consequently, the products of NPP TechServisvermikulitis LLC is in demand in the market. Reducing profitability requires revision of the system quality system.
2.3 Characteristics of product quality management at the enterprise LLC NPP TechServisvermikulitis
In the past 4-5 years, in almost all areas, the market of goods and services in our country becomes the "buyer's market". A list of scarce goods and services that the buyer is ready to acquire for their functionality decreases. This is due to the reduction in the number of monopolies, delivery time, the emergence of competition among domestic manufacturers. The market is not empty. This is felt by enterprises of trade, food industry, repair services. The buyer, in turn, feeling the advantages of high-quality goods and services, is increasingly guided by the principle of "better less, yes better." Quality becomes an advantage in competitive struggle.
Currently, all products of the enterprise LLC NPP TechServisverMikulitis undergoes compulsory certification for compliance with safety requirements. To increase the competitiveness of products and satisfying consumer requirements, voluntary certification of independent certification bodies are carried out, which, issuing certificates of safety conformity, confirm that the quality of products manufactured by LLC TEKHSERVISTERMICULIT, complies with the requirements of state standards and technical conditions ..
The production process in LLC NPP TechServisvermikulitis is as follows:
The office manager takes orders for products from customers and transfers their technical director for consideration. Technical Director Prepares the draft treaty. After signing the contract by both parties, the supply department is acquired raw materials and auxiliary materials that ensure the manufacture of products. Raw materials and materials are purchased only in the presence of quality certificates .. With the direct release of products, control over the technological process produces the chief engineer of the enterprise and the head of the workshop.
Compliance with technological discipline is controlled when performing each operation, organization of jobs, the qualifications of performers used equipment.
Then controls and testing of finished products.
Test results are issued by protocols of the sample established at the enterprise, which are signed by the head of the test center.
The results of control and testing of finished products are used to provide operational feedback in order to conduct corrective impacts regarding the product, production process or quality system. The products shipped by the consumer are accompanied by documentation that is proof of compliance with the actual characteristics of products by the established contract with the values. Trust in the results of testing products from its consumers is ensured by the accreditation of the enterprise test laboratories for technical competence. Such accreditation is provided for by the state system of standardization of the Russian Federation (GOST R 5 1000.1-95). The certificate of accreditation of the test center was received by the enterprise in 2009.
To verify the correctness of the measures taken or measures based on the measurement results, the permanent management of all measurement tools used in the development, production, installation and maintenance of products are carried out. The company has developed and supported in working condition Documentated procedures for statistical regulation, maintenance, calibration and verification of control, measuring and testing equipment.
Calibration is understood as a combination of operations performed in order to determine and confirm the valid values \u200b\u200bof metrological characteristics and suitability for the use of a measurement tool not subject to state metrological control and supervision (PR 50.2.016-94). Calibration results allow you to estimate the error of the measurement tool.
Verification is a set of operations performed by the state metrological service authorities or other accredited organizations in order to identify and confirm the compliance of the measurement tools by the established technical requirements. Measurement tools are covered when issuing from production or repair.
One of the main tasks is to ensure the effective operation of LLC NPP TechServisvermikulit, seeking a consistent decline in production costs, increasing product competitiveness.
Quality assurance in the enterprise has always been given priority. The organizational and technical basis of the quality management system is state standards and technical conditions.
The main gtales and the enterprise are guided by the production of products, are:
GOST 12865-67 "Velmiculite strolled";
GOST 23037-97 "Film aggregates. Technical conditions ";
GOST 6137-97 "Firemen refractory aluminosilicate. Technical conditions ";
GOST 20910-90 "Concretes heat-resistant. Technical conditions ";
TU 5767-011-21628872-2001 "Kilneurmiculite heat insulating plates";
TU 21-RF-129-88 "Keramovermiculite Products";
TU 5767-005-21628872-00 "The coating of the Flame-proof brand" Vermiviv ";
TU 5712-001-21628872-99 "Vermiculite expanded unficraction" (agrovesculite);
TU 5767-010-21628872-2001 "Dry heat-insulating mixtures for light plaster solutions with vermiculite aggregate";
TU 5767-007-21628872-2001 "Dry heat-insulating mixtures for lightweight masonry solutions with vermiculite aggregate";
TU 5767-004-21628872-2002 "Dry mixes for thermal insulation vermiculite concrete".
The quality management mechanism in the enterprise should ensure the effective implementation of the basic functions of quality management. We will analyze the implementation of quality management functions in NPP LLC TechServisverMikulit. Data on the percentage of the implementation of the quality management functions were obtained by a survey of departments. According to the results of the survey, the results are summed up and an average percentage is set.
Table 5 Implementation of quality management functions in LLC NPP TechServisvermikulitis
Control Functions Quality Realization of Functions in NPP LLC TechServisverMikulitis Percentage of Functional Function,% Forecasting of the needs of the market, technical level and quality Surgical-seeming increase in the quality of quality improvement products and standardization of product quality requirements and standardized through the use of state standards 100%. Development and production TECHNOLOGICAL PREPARATION OF PRODUCED INDUSTRY 70% Organization of relationships in the quality of services between suppliers of raw materials, materials, semi-finished products and components, manufacturers and consumers manufactured goods and consumers, 30% of marriage occurs due to poor quality raw materials 60% ensuring the stability of the planned level of product quality at all stages of its life cycle and testing finished products, equipment control98% quality control and test productsControl and finished product tests98% Naughty marriage in manufacturing and testing of finished products, equipment controls90% internal production certification of products, technological processes, jobs, performers, etc. Control and testing of finished products, equipment control, testing means of measuring tests 100% Certification of products, works, products, quality systems and quality Page Creditation of test laboratories of enterprises for technical competence100% Intelligence and responsibility for the achieved level of Quality as described 21% Intracemental accounting and quality reporting Production Products Located37% Technical and Economic Analysis of Product Quality Changes are produced. There is no 39% material and technical support of product products for the implementation of control functions Quality100% Metrological quality assurance Product production is fully 100% Special preparation and advanced training. Personnel frameworks. Personnel qualifications100% Organizational quality management product management All quality management functions are covered, therefore organizational Management Product Quality Not enough79% Technological support for quality management Product control equipment, insufficient technological control 60% Financial support for quality management Products System10% Middle% implementation of quality management functions62%
According to the results of the analysis of the table, we conclude that, on average, the percentage of the implementation of quality management functions in LLC NPP TechServisverMikulitis is 62%. The quality control process at the enterprise does not include:
forecasting the needs of the market, technical level and product quality;
planning to improve product quality;
development and production of products for production;
stimulation and responsibility for the achieved level of quality;
quality support;
technical and economic analysis of product quality changes;
planning financial support management quality management
We analyze the quality indicators of products with an existing product quality management system.
The quality of the products is characterized by the following data shown in Table 6.
Table 6 Analysis of rejected products for 2 years at the "Release of finished products"
Product Name. Item2010G.2011G.Shpotrefinet% release design% Mixture of STS-5T65,321,62,4530,01,3,3,62,4530,01,633333333,11,24340,02,80,823340,02,80,83333,02,9455,02 74.9SEWCS SCVBT404,95,61,38432,07,31,69SHSH-4T404,84,31,06190,00,530,06190,00,530,28,5197,6216,01,331047,01/01
This table clearly shows that the number of rejected products in the enterprise in 2011 compared to 2010 increased. The largest percentage of marriage is noted in the production of a vemion mixture and a mixture of STS-5, which indicates problems of a technological nature and the process of quality control of finished products.
We will analyze the received advertising and claims of finished products received by customers. The data are shown in Table 7: Reflects the number of complaints and claims in pieces. Advertising in address LLC NPP TechServisverMikulitis is sent from enterprises - buyers. The preparation of complaints is engaged in the supply department of buyers.
Buyer Production2010g.2011G.OAA "Energy Protection" Rossii Vermizol46ooo "Biotech" RussiaLiptes CPC12To "EastokogneuPor" KazakhstanSee Mountains31Ao "Ekibastuz SDPP" KazakhstanSee PSSH Plate PUP4 -2 2Ao "Eurasian EEC" Kazakhstani POS-2ITOY1722
The results shown in Table 6 show that the number of complaints of quality in 2011. Compared to 2010 Moreover, more complaints were presented with enterprises of Kazakhstan, which are the largest consumers of products.
Analysis of quality indicators allowed to open the essential quality problem:
As a general trend, it was revealed that the company does not conduct systematized work on improving and stabilizing the quality of products manufactured by warning actions, including to ensure the stability of technological indicators, are rather episodic. Information about products with non-compliant quality in most cases is properly not taken into account and is not analyzed, which leads to distortion of the nature and distribution of quality assurance costs. In some cases, such products identified before the completion of the technological process is not recorded in any reports.
Analysis of the nature of inconsistencies and the reasons for their occurrence in most cases comes down to launch and material punishment of those perpetrators. This, in turn, not only does not stimulate the warnings of the emergence of inconsistencies by identifying them in the early stages of the process, but also pushes the personnel to conceal the very fact of the production of non-compliant quality products.
The main causes of quality inconsistencies are shown in Table 7.
quality Management Market Economy
Table 7 Causes of product quality inconsistencies
The reasons for the occurrence of inconsistencies in the total volume of production costs with inconsistencies (%) of poor-quality or uncontrolled raw materials, materials35-stage technical equipment of the workshop, equipment, transportation25deability, unscrupulousness, or lack of knowledge of working personnel 20Pakakovka, which does not ensure the safety of products during transportation (in particular plates and burner stones) 15 Causes5
Thus, analyzing the effectiveness of the quality system of NPP TEKHSERVISTERMICULIT LLC, we conclude that the enterprise has been holding a sustainable market position among the companies for the production of refractory building materials in Chelyabinsk. Decent rivalry, i.e. Competitiveness, achieved at the expense of the following performance indicators: Extensive client base, long-term relationship With partners, company mobility, mutually beneficial cooperation with well-known partners (Mechel OJSC, Ekibastuz SDPP), but still product quality may be better.
The analysis revealed that the quality management process in the enterprise covers not all quality management functions. In the process of activity of the enterprise, a certain percentage of marriage is noted. There is no analysis of the causes and character of marriage. From this we can conclude that the quality management process in NPP TechServisverMikulitis LLC is not a quality management system, but is a separate non-systematic product quality maintenance activities.
Studies conducted at the enterprise on the analysis of work on the quality of products have revealed the current need to improve the product quality management system in NPP TechServisverMikulitis LLC.
3. Improving the quality system at the enterprise LLC NPP TechServisverMikulitis
.1 Improving the quality management system of LLC NPP TechServisvermikulitis
In order to improve the quality management system, LLC TEKHSERVISTERMICULITA will conduct the following actions:
We highlight the shortcomings in providing quality in the enterprise.
We structure the dedicated problems, we define the processes and divisions in the enterprise that are associated with quality problems.
Build a tree problem.
We define what quality management system should be used in the enterprise.
We highlight the main elements of the QMS.
We formulate the basic principles of the quality management principles that should be followed in the development of elements of the SMC.
Consider the quality management mechanism in the enterprise.
We will form a strategy to solve the quality problem in LLC NPP TechserviceverMikulitis, we will calculate the cost of implementing the project.
We define performers, controllers and documents necessary to ensure the work of the quality system in the enterprise.
Generalization and analysis of the experience of the enterprise LLC NPP TechServisvermikulitis on the development and introduction of the SMM Allowed to identify along with positive parties and a number of flaws. The characteristic disadvantages of ensuring the quality of products at the enterprise LLC NPP TechServisverMikulitis are:
a weak relationship between product production quality and stimulating its increase;
insufficient attention to the technological preparation of production, as an important factor of the formation of product manufacturing;
the implementation of non-interconnected disparate measures to improve the quality of the manufacture of dry refractory mixtures and heat-resistant products at the production level;
imperfection of the organization of work on accounting and losses caused by the unsatisfactory quality of manufacturing products;
weak analytical work to identify the causes of marriage, search for reserves for improving the quality of manufacturing products, studying the dynamics of quality and product performance indicators;
violations of the technological process and control in production separate species products;
lack of a systematic approach to solving problems of improving product quality;
the presence of marriage after product certification;
there is no quality planning.
We struduen the problems:
Table 8 Analysis of quality issues
The problem of the problem that is responsible for solving the relationship between the quality of manufacturing quality and stimulating its enhancement of the Motivation Personnel Personnel Personnel (as part of accounting) Insufficient technological preparation of the production of production manufacturing manufacturing technological process and control in the production of individual types of products on the quality of the production workshop Production management enterpriseGeneral director, quality manager (position is missing) Weak analytical work on identifying the causes of marriage caused by the unsatisfactory quality of manufacturing products of product quality control products Production workshop, testing centers and analytical work on identifying the causes of the quality of the quality of quality control of product quality, testing center for quality control ProductsProi Staple workshop, testing centering of advertising export products Process control of product quality Production workshop, testing center-seeming planning planning of quality control enterprise Agenial director, quality manager (position is missing)
Analysis of quality problems in LLC NPP TechServisvermikulitis showed that quality problems are related to the activities of various divisions:
manufacturing facility;
testing center;
cEO;
personnel manager;
quality Manager (post is missing).
Analysis of quality issues shows the need to improve quality management at the enterprise. After deciding on the creation of a quality system, the organization's management should carefully analyze and, if possible, improve all elements of production, managerial and other subsystems, since attempts to manage quality in the separation from other aspects of activities are doomed to failure.
The enterprise LLC NPP TechServisverMikulit should strive first of all to obtain a certificate of conformity. It is more important in this case to make sure that the quality system has raised the cost of production costs, an increase in production culture, etc. Otherwise, the introduction of the quality system will be limited to the introduction of the mass of unnecessary documents, which will only lead to the bureaucracy.
Recently, documents confirming the stability, reliability and promising of the company, such as reporting under IFRS or a strategic business plan, a certificate has been added to the quality management system with the requirements of the ISO 9001 standard. The competent implementation of this system will make a number of advantages: to increase the company's manageability , competitiveness and quality of products and services, reduce costs, make a customer-oriented company.
The quality management system (QMS) is a system that ensures efficient work of the enterprise, including in the field of product quality management. The requirements recorded in the international standards of the 9000 ISO 9000 are considered the most efficient when creating the QMS.
It should be noted that an effective QMS can be created, and without focusing on the ISO 9000 series standards. However, in order to certify this system, that is, to obtain a document indicating that the processes carried out in the organization are effective and aimed at continuous improvement in product quality. (services), the system must comply with the requirements of the ISO 9001-2000 standard. Therefore, the process of creating a QMS we will consider from the point of view of ISO 9001 requirements.
In order to build a quality management system in accordance with ISO 9001 standards, the following elements of the QMS should be created at the enterprise:
) A document in which it is necessary to formulate the goals and objectives of the QMS, as well as the principles of their achievement (quality policy);
) The system of interrelated and complementary processes is suitable for "quality policies";
) regulatory documents describing and regulating business processes of activity within the framework of the QMS;
) an effective mechanism for implementing the requirements regulated by the regulatory framework;
) prepared personnel of the organization;
) Responsible persons for the implementation of quality control processes
In the formation of all these elements, the basic principles of quality management, formulated in the ISO 9000 standard, should be taken into account.
Customer orientation.
The organization depends on its consumers of products, so there must be their current and future needs, to fulfill their requirements and strive to exceed their expectations.
Leadership leader.
Officers ensure the unity of the purpose and the direction of the organization's activities. They should create and maintain external environmentin which employees can be fully involved in solving the tasks of the enterprise.
Involvement of employees.
Employees of all levels constitute the basis of the organization, and their complete involvement in the work of the organization makes it possible to benefit them with the benefit.
Process approach.
The desired result is achieved more efficiently when activities and resources are controlled as a process.
System approach to management.
Detection, understanding and management of interrelated processes as a system contributes to the effectiveness and effectiveness of the organization in achieving its goals.
Continuous improvement.
The continuous improvement of the organization's activities as a whole should be considered as its unchanged goal.
Decisions based on facts.
Effective solutions are based on data and information analysis.
Mutually beneficial relationship with suppliers.
The organization and its suppliers are interdependent, and mutually beneficial relations increase the ability of both parties to create values.
The formation of a quality management mechanism in the enterprise It is advisable to use a common methodological approach to structuring complex economic systems involving the selection in this mechanism A number of common, special and providing subsystems (Fig. 1).
Composition of quality management mechanism
The mechanism of quality control produktsiiObschie podsistemySpetsialnye podsistemyObespechivayuschie podsistemyPrognozirovanie and planning of the technical level and product quality kachestvaStandartizatsiyaInformatsionnoe obespechenieRegulirovanie in proizvodstveIspytaniya produktsiiMaterialno technical obespechenieKontrol quality produktsiiProfilaktika marriage proizvodstveMetrologicheskoe obespechenieUchet and analysis of changes in the level kachestvaAttestatsiya produktsiiKadrovoe obespechenieStimulirovanie and responsibility for kachestvoSertifikatsiya produktsiiOrganizatsionnoe obespechenieTehnologicheskoe obespechenieFinansovoe software
The general subsystems of the quality management mechanism must be attributed to the subsystem of forecasting and planning technical level and product quality, product quality control directly in production, product quality control, accounting and analysis of quality level, stimulation and responsibility for quality. The special subsystems of the service management mechanism includes standardization subsystems, product tests, marriage prevention in production, certification and certification.
Providing subsystems for the mechanism of service quality management include in their composition of the subsystem of legal, information, material and technical, metrological, personnel, organizational, technological and financial support of product quality management.
Based on the analysis of the problems of the quality system of NPP TechServisverMikulitis LLC, allocated principles, determining the composition of the quality management mechanism, identifying units and officials responsible for the implementation of quality processes, we form a strategy for solving problems based on the principles of ISO 9001.
Table 9 Defining strategies to solve root problems
Rootful Quality Assignment Communication Conditions The Quality Prooformulation of the Goals and Tasks of SmqGeratic Directial Expenses is not, in this case an additional burden appears on the executive system of the system of complementary processes of the general director, managers of divisions consistently introducing electronic quality control systems. The cost of the program with installation and adaptation is 27 thousand rubles. Development of regulatory documents reporter on quality / p quality manager - 15 thousand rubles. In a month of quality mechanism for the implementation of the requirementsmen of the quality manager, the Director-General, the heads of divisions / p quality manager (costs already taken into account) Personnel training with new standards and referral requirements, personnel manager: seminars for the heads of divisions - 1.5 thousand rubles / person. Total 24 supervisors. TOTAL - 36 thousand rubles. The one-time definition of responsible persons for the implementation of quality control processes in quality, the general director-effective expenses are not, in this case an additional load appears on managers.
We will calculate the cost of implementing the project to improve the quality management system:
) The electronic quality control program is 27 thousand rubles.
) S / n quality manager (taking into account that the next revision of the quality management system will be required in two years)
15 thousand rubles. x 24 months \u003d 360 thousand rubles.
) Seminars for managers - 36 thousand rubles.
Total: 27 thousand rubles. + 360 thousand rubles. + 36 thousand rubles. \u003d 423 thousand rubles.
In the process of improving the quality management system, the following conditions must be observed:
everywhere and constantly reinforce the above-mentioned approach to holding a new investment and innovation policy, moving from the traditional increase in production to reconstruction, re-equipment and updating fixed assets and products that ensure a significant improvement in product quality;
the company must have and implement a rational system of collecting, accounting, processing, analyzing and storing during a certain period of information data on the quality of products. To ensure the desired quality of each type of product, the enterprise should function a separate product quality management system;
improving material and technical supply should be provided with opportunities for cooperation with reliable suppliers;
management impacts should be effective and fulfilled in relation to all stages of the life cycle of products or services provided;
it is necessary to create a system of continuous learning in the field of product quality management and education of all workers (students, students, masters) in the spirit of respect for consumers, customers. The product quality management system must be understood. It is necessary to send employees and workers to specialized training centers and advanced training in the field of management and product quality, various schools and quality courses, teaching in which specialists from other countries can also be carried out. After all, it is well known that only highly qualified specialists can create products with high quality;
the product quality management system can be considered effective when manufactured products meet the requirements of the consumer and the availability of an effective product quality management system is recognized as a consumer.
A variety of physical properties, important for quality assessment, are concentrated in the consumer value of goods. Important properties for quality assessment are:
technical level materializing scientific and technical achievements;
aesthetic level characterized by a complex of properties associated with aesthetic sensations and views;
operational level associated with the technical side of the use of products (care for the product, repair, etc.);
technical quality - harmonious linkage of the intended and actual consumer properties in the operation of the product (functional accuracy, reliability, duration of service life).
We define performers, controllers and documents that are necessary for the implementation of quality control functions in the enterprise.
Table 10 Development of a new quality system of OOO NPP TechServisverMikulitis
Functions of the Quality Advanceders Firmware Controllers Performed Reports, regulating the implementation of the implementation of the Sprogmentation of the needs of the market, technical level and quality Product-technical Director-General Directors, Marketing Strategic Strategation of Product Management Product Manificational Director-General Directors, Gentifying Product Quality Requirements and Standardization. LaboratoriesProduct engineering regulations, GOSTDAGEABILITIES AND PRODUCTION OF PRODUCTS ON THE PRODUCTION SPECIALISTS Lab, Testing Center, Head of the Cell Engineer, General Directories. The discussion, operational plan, organization of relationships in the quality of products between suppliers, manufacturers and consumers, accountants, accounting accountant, Reports on Commodity Residues, Availability of Credit and Accounts Debt Reliable Creator and Test ProductsSpecialists Testing Central Engineer, Deputy Director for Tests for Test Results, Report on Eventimulation and Responsibility for the Conducted Quality Research Service for Personaluku whether divisions, Financial reports, Ordership Relief Orders Production Management of Products Communion SuggestionGeneral Directorate Financial Reports, Sales Reports Services Normal Support for Management achestvom produktsiiSpetsialisty department snabzheniyaRuk Mademoiselle supply department chief inzhenerVnutrifirmennaya dokumentatsiyaMaterialno and technical quality assurance produktsiiSnabzhentsyRuk Mademoiselle department snabzheniyaFinansovye performance and financial otchetnostSpetsialnaya training and development kadrovMenedzhery staff, managers podrazdeleniyRuk-whether podrazdeleniyRezultaty certification before training, after obucheniyaOrganizatsionnoe quality management software produktsiiRukovoditeli podrazdeleniyGeneralny direktorVnutrifirmennaya Documentation Supplies to the quality management of the quality management of the products of the supply department of the supply of equipment. For the purpose of execution of the performance of quality management Product management, accounting procedures, accounts on receivables and accounts payable
In the described quality system, we can allocate the following main provisions:
The mainly controlled element is the Director-General, in some cases, heads of divisions. The Director-General is responsible for the quality of the implementation of strategic functions. Quality current work Track the heads of divisions.
All employees are involved in ensuring the work of the quality system: managers and ordinary employees. This is a necessary condition for achieving the maximum quality of work.
To ensure the quality of all functions of the enterprise, a competently organized system of document management is required, which regulates the performance of functions.
In a new quality system, all functions are taken into account, for each quality management function, performers, controllers are allocated and the regulatory documents are described.
Based on the above provisions, we can conclude that a new quality system in PNN LLC TechServisverMikulitis "is quite effective.
3.2 Evaluation of the effectiveness of the developed quality system of LLC NPP "TechServisvermikulit"
Competent implementation of this system will make a number of advantages:
increase company handling;
competitiveness and quality of products and services,
reduce costs
make a customer-oriented company.
We will analyze the compliance of the new quality system of the needs of the enterprise.
The new system complies with ISO 9001 standards, since it is designed to meet the basic principles of quality management.
The system development is based on the QMS elements that meet ISO 9001 standards.
When developing measures to improve the quality management system at the enterprise, a common methodological approach to the structuring of complex economic systems was used, which suggests a series of common, special and providing subsystems as part of this mechanism.
A new quality management system will allow you to implement all the functions of quality management.
The main indicator of the effectiveness of the implementation of the developed activities is financial analysis. Calculate the economic efficiency of the project.
Calculation of the cost of implementing the project to improve the quality system at the enterprise LLC NPP Techservisvermikulitis was produced in the previous paragraph. Approximate costs are 423 thousand rubles. - in the calculation for two years, therefore, in recalculation for one year the costs will amount to 216.5 thousand rubles.
Let's calculate the profit from the project implementation:
The percentage of marriage is 1.37%. Revenue in 2011 - 167.415 million rubles. Those. defective products for this 2.29 million rubles. Different profits - 0.066 million rubles. In total, the costs associated with marriage - 2,356 million rubles.
Calculate effectiveness by calculating net income:
where the CHA is a net income from the project implementation, P is a profit from the project implementation, h - the cost of implementing the project.
CH \u003d 2 356 thousand rubles. - 215.5 thousand rubles. \u003d 2 140.5 thousand rubles.
Thus, the net income from the project is 2,140.5 thousand rubles., Therefore, is effective.
Figure 3 - Efficiency of the project to improve the quality management system in TechServisverMikulitis LLC
Thus, the analysis of quality management in LLC NPP TechServisvermikulitis showed a number of problems. Analysis of the problems and their reasons allowed to assess the need to improve the quality system at the enterprise. It was decided to implement ISO 9000. Calculation of the cost of project implementation and profits from the implementation of the project revealed the undoubted economic efficiency of the designated measures to improve the quality system at the enterprise.
Conclusion
The quality of products in the enterprise is an important factor in the market in terms of the market, since it ensures the expansion of market segments, enterprise prosperity, profit growth. International experience shows that quality improvement work is advisable to conduct within the framework of system management, which covers the entire life cycle of products - from design to consumption and disposal.
Product quality (including novelty, technical level, lack of defects in execution, reliability in operation) is one of the most important means of competitive struggle, conquest and retention of positions in the market. Therefore, firms pay special attention to ensuring high quality products, establishing control at all stages of the production process, starting with the quality control of the raw materials used and ending with the definition of the compliance of the released product with technical specifications and parameters not only during its tests, but also in operation, and for Sophisticated equipment types - with the provision of a certain warranty period after installing equipment at the customer's enterprise. Therefore, product quality management has become the main part of the production process and is directed not so much on identifying defects or marriage in finished products, how much to test the quality of the product in the process of its manufacture.
Product quality management should be carried out systemically, i.e. The company must function a system of product quality management, which is organizational structure, clearly distribute responsibility, procedures, processes and resources necessary for quality management.
In recent years, a new approach has been formed new strategy in quality management. It is characterized by a number of moments:
quality assurance is understood not as a technical function implemented by some unit, but as a systematic process that permeates the entire organizational structure of the company;
the relevant organizational structure of the enterprise must meet the new concept of quality;
quality issues are relevant not only within the framework of the production cycle, but also in the process of developing, designing, marketing and after-sales service;
improving product quality requires the application of new production technology, starting with the design and ending with an automated measurement in the quality control process;
a comprehensive improvement in quality is achieved only by interested participation of all employees.
Product quality management is based on standardization, which is a regulatory and technical basis that defines progressive requirements for products manufactured for the needs of national economy, population, defense, exports. The final assessment of the quality of manufacturing products is carried out using certification, which means testing products, issuing a certificate of conformity, product marking (compliance mark) and monitoring the state of subsequent production using test tests. Creating B. russian companies The quality systems corresponding to the standards of the ISO 9000 series must be linked to a much more general and continuous quality cycle for restructuring corporate culture On the principles of universal quality TQM. This approach will ensure the maximum efficiency of the effort and will provide the enterprise a long-term strategic advantage over competitors.
List of used sources and literature
1. Regulatory acts
1. GOST ISO 9000-2001 "Quality Management System. Basic provisions and dictionary. " - M: IPK Publishing standards, 2001.
GOST ISO 9001-2001 "Quality Management Systems. Requirements »-M: IPC Publishing Standards, 2001.
Literature
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.Vinokurov V.A. Organization of strategic management at the enterprise [Text]. - M.: Center for Economics and Marketing, 20068. - 160c.
4.Visnyakov O.V. Implementation of the quality management system in the enterprise // www.esm-journal.ru
Vikhansky O.S., Naumov A.I. Management. [Text] M.: Economist, 2008. 527c
Gerasimov, B.I. Quality management [text]: studies. benefit. / B. Gerasimov, N.V. Zlobin, S.P. Spiridonov. - M.: Knorus, 2008. - 269 p.
Gissin V.I. Quality Management [Text]: Tutorial / V.I. Gissin. - Rostov-on-Don: Phoenix, 2009. - 254С.
Gitelman LD Converting Management [Text]: Course of methodology for leaders of reorganization and management consultants. - Ekayerinburg: URO RAS, 2008. - 518С.
Zheleva V.V. Economy of the enterprise [Text]: ECONC study guide. universities. - M.: Infra-M, 2008. - 31c.
Zhuravlev P.V. Economics of the enterprise I. business activities [Text]: Textbook for university / P.V. Zhuravlev, S.A. Bannikov, G.M. Cherkashin; Ros. ECON. Acad. them. G.V. Plekhanova et al. - M.: Exam, 2008. - 542c.
Ivanova I.A. Management [Text]: Tutorial. - M.: Rior, 2007. - 95С.
Magomedov Sh.Sh., Bespalova G.E. Product quality management: Textbook / Magomedov Sh.Sh., Bespalova G.E. - M.: Dashkov and K, 2009. - 336c.
Mazur, I.I. Quality management [Text]: Tutorial for universities. / I.I. Mazur, V.D. Shapiro. - M.: Omega-L, 2008. - 399 c.
Maslov D. from quality to excellence [Text]. Useful EFQM model. / D. Maslov. - M.: RIA Standards and quality, 2009.- 290С.
Management organization [Text]: Tutorial / Z.L.Rumyantseva, N.A. Salomatin, R.Z. Aberdin et al. - M.: Infra-M, 2009. - 432c
Meson M., Albert M., Hedomry F. Management Basics [Text]: Per. with ang. - M.: Case, 2010. - 701С.
Mikheeva E.N. Quality management: Textbook / E. N. Mikheeva, M. V. Seroshtan. - M.: Publishing and trading corporation "Dashkov and K", 2009. - 708C.
Mishin, V.M. Quality management [Text]: Textbook for universities. / V.M. Mishin. - M.: Uniti, 2008. - 463 p.
Moiseev L., Mirzoyan L. Methodology and practice of creating quality systems. [Electronic resource]:<#"justify">ATTACHMENT
Figure 1. Organizational management structure of NPP LLC TechServisverMikulitis
Tags: Improving product quality management systems on the example of LLC NPP "TechServisvermikulit" Diploma Management
Analysis and improvement of the system of quality management of the enterprise in modern conditions (on the example of OJSC Nizhnekamskshina)
- Introduction
- 1. The role of quality in ensuring the competitiveness of the enterprise and its sustainable development
- 1.1 Theoretical Essence of Product Quality
- 1.2 System Quality Management Products
- 1.3 Evaluation of the efficient operation of the product quality management system
- 2. Analysis of the product quality management system at Verkhnekamskshina OJSC
- 2.1 Enterprise activity characteristics
- 2.2 Structure of the quality management system of OJSC "Verkhnekamskshina"
- 2.3 Analysis of quality management in the field of quality management in OJSC "Verkhnekamskshina"
- 3. Proposals for improving the quality management system of Verkhnekamskshina OJSC
- 3.1 Directions of improving activities to improve the quality of products of OJSC "Verkhnekamskshina"
- 3.2 Justification of the proposed events
- Conclusion
- List of used sources and literature
- Applications
Trend A - costs for the cost of production; trend b - sales of commercial products for side; trend in - profit from the production of marketable products. Sources 1.2 - Trends Analysis For Three SHIPPIENTS The implementation of the method of structuring the quality of quality functions (SFC) is that it allows you to identify The relationship between the requirements and means of their satisfaction, and also gives the method of analyzing these relationships. This feature is implemented by building a special table, which has the shape of the house. It is called "quality home". The results of the study are accumulated here. They are used to improve the business process. In the areas of "House" place the studied items.
Figure 1.3 - An example of placing elements in the rooms "House of Quality"
In what?" There is a set of requirements for the process. The most important of them are those that impose external consumers. Here you can also post the requirements for external suppliers, internal consumers and suppliers, as well as other stakeholders.
The "degree of importance" is placed the importance of specific requirements.
In "How?" Place elements that are funds used to meet various requirements. If, for example, it is required to reduce the client's service time, then the appropriate means placed in "How?" May be, for example, an increase in bandwidth during peak boot periods.
In the "matrix of compliance (relationships)" in the center of the quality house, elements are placed, which directly reflect the relationship between the results or requirements and means of their satisfaction.
In "How?" against "how?", i.e. On the roof of the quality house, elements are placed, which represent the relationship between various means of satisfying the requirements. Suppose, for example, that a means of improving the service process is a reduction in personnel. But this, in turn, also means of reducing the costs that the company carries. There is a conflict situation that is easily detected when considering the "roof". In "Why?" Place elements that can be used for benchmarking processes. Benchmarking processes are carried out similarly to benchmarking products.
In how many analysis results are placed. For this purpose, the importance of the consumer's claim is multiplied by the appropriate weight value. The sum of such works is placed in a cell under the appropriate column of the matrix. The greater the amount of these works, the greater the requirements of the requirements can be satisfied with a specific method corresponding to this column.
For example, for businesses of the tire industry, you can use the method of structuring the quality function (PCC) to select the most effective way to reduce quality costs. Such an analysis of the process can perform a group created to improve this process.
Product quality is the basis of business competitiveness. At the same time, it should be remembered that the quality is not an end in itself, the quality is a process during which a certain product is produced. Therefore, it should be firmly to know what results the company wants to get to whom they are designed.
An analysis conducted in the previous chapter showed that Omskshina OJSC has an effectively working quality management system that meets the requirements of the international ISO 9001: 2000 standard, which is confirmed by the quality certificates presented in Appendix 9. The introduction of the quality management system Dalo OJSC "Omskshina" the following benefits :
The quality management system of OJSC "Omskshin" meets the requirements of ISO 9001: 2000, is the guarantor of the stability of the enterprise and creates confidence in its consumer (according to OJSC "Omskshin" statistics, more than 95% of buyers require the existence of a certificate of the ISO International Standard);
The company's handling increased; The company is clearly distributed responsibility and powers of employees;
Joint-stock company demonstrates the ability to produce products of the required quality;
When concluding contracts, more clearly began to establish product requirements; improved contract traceability;
Tightened input quality control of purchased materials; OJSC "Omskshina" gives preference to suppliers having a certified quality management system;
Intected operational control at all stages of production.
The introduction of the quality management system was also reflected on the economic results of the company's activities: sales volume increased, enterprise's profit increased.
At the same time, the analysis made it possible to allocate a number of problems that prevent the successful functioning of the quality management system in OJSC "Omskshina":
Resistance to the employees of the enterprise to changes in OJSC "Omskshina", employees are not fully involved in the process of implementing the quality management system in the enterprise. The system of individual and collective participation in the management of the quality of ordinary workers is not fully formed;
Insufficiently thoughtful is the quality personnel training system;
The quality of incoming raw materials and materials has not always complies with the requirements;
Significant moral and physical wear of equipment that prevents the production of high-quality products, etc.
Thus, for continuous improvement in quality, ensuring the growth of product competitiveness and achieve success in the market of quality management system according to international standards is not enough. The quality management system in OJSC "Omskshina" on the basis of MS ISO 9001: 2000 made it possible to fix a certain level of management and opened the enterprise to the external and domestic market. In order to take sustainable positions on the market and decide in the Complex Economic and Social Problems, it is necessary to orient an enterprise to work on the TQM principles (universal quality management) that will allow working in the market more successfully, use modern approaches and management methods.
To the main elements of TQM, which should strive for OJSC "Omskshina" include:
Revaluation of values, i.e. more critical assessment of the activities of employees and enterprises as a whole, the focus on the continuous improvement of the quality of all operations and the interaction of all employees to achieve these goals;
The process of constant tracking of inconsistencies in the norms and rules in the activities of the enterprise (marriage, errors, etc.) and the search for ways to correct them (improve the quality of work), in which all employees of the company are involved;
Changing and improving training systems and career growth in the company for adequate motivation of employees to cooperate and improve the quality of all operations;
Building such a system of working with suppliers and clients of the company, which would be focused on the process of continuous improvement in quality.
The human aspect in these changes is fundamental, since it is the behavior of people in an organization in the end defines that and how to change what will benefit.
The analysis spent on the second head of thesis showed that, despite all the efforts of the highest leadership, at OJSC "Omskshin" to date, the principle of complete involvement of employees of all levels into the process of implementing the quality management system in the enterprise is not fully implemented. It can be concluded that today the situation has developed a situation where the need to implement the quality management system, maintaining and improving to the end is realized only by part of the employees - the highest leadership and authorized in quality. At the same time, the third part of them believes that the company has implemented a quality management system due to the pressure of clients and competition in the industry. However, most of these workers associate with these efforts the possibility of systematizing organizational actions. Workers are often perceived by the introduction of a quality management system as an imposed leadership idea. The main reason to prevent the involvement of workers in the process of product quality management is the insufficient degree of realization of the importance and need to implement the quality management system. Events related to the documentation of the quality management system, involvement in initiative quality groups, are carried out by the management of the enterprise often with administrative methods. The system of individual and collective participation in managing the quality of ordinary workers is not fully formed.
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