Where is the best place to go to customs? Customs business: profile of a specialist in Russian universities. Customs: definition

"Customs" is one of the most demanded specialties in modern world, because the number of countries willing to cooperate and engage in trade is increasing every day. And this means that the state needs experienced and qualified specialists who will be able to ensure full compliance with customs agreements and customs policy in general. Where can I study in the specialty "Customs"? Universities in Moscow offer optimal choice in relation to the quality of education to its cost.

Customs: definition

Methods and means of settling customs issues related to the transportation of goods through state border, prohibition rules and various restrictions on movement Vehicle through customs - all this can be attributed to the definition of "customs". Universities offer another designation option.

Customs is a branch that regulates the foreign economic activity of the state, namely: trade, transportation of bulky goods across the state border. It turns out that given profession assumes deep theoretical knowledge in economics (which can be obtained if you enter the Institute of Customs), as well as practical experience work with the preparation of merchandise documentation, declaration of goods and skills in management and accounting, because you will have to keep records of taxation and receipt of payments, penalties and duties for a particular violation during transportation through customs.

Features of the profession

The profession of a customs specialist is in demand not only in the customs authorities, but also in various brokerage companies, credit institutions, enterprises engaged in foreign economic activity or logistics. The specialist in this field must have extensive knowledge and skills. Here is some of them:

have a good legal education;
be able to manage the activities of customs authorities;
keep records Money(payments, taxes);
analyze trade statistics;
competently draw up documentation;
know how customs logistics work, and at any time carry out the necessary procedures to optimize economic activity enterprises.

universities in Moscow

The profession of a customs officer is very responsible and difficult, however, it is considered very prestigious and highly paid. That is why many applicants choose the specialty "Customs". Universities in Moscow have always been famous for their advanced teaching methods, so let's look at which of them teach in this specialty.

It is worth noting that before choosing a particular university, you need to decide for yourself the following questions: "Public or private university?", "Choose the faculty of customs on the basis of a contract or is there a chance to enter the budget?" The capital offers the most wide selection universities, so everyone can find exactly the university that suits him both in terms of tuition fees and quality.

The next step in choosing the specialty "Customs" - exams. What subjects do I need to pass and how many points? Let's figure out which universities offer internal exams, and which ones are enrolled for training based on the results of the Unified State Examination.

State budget universities: TOP-3

Over the past 15 years, major changes have taken place: many universities have opened new specialties and directions. One of the most prestigious and promising areas can be called just "Customs". Universities in Moscow can be conditionally divided into two groups: the first includes all public universities, and the second - private institutions that have received state accreditation and issue a state diploma at the end of training.

For many applicants, the opportunity to study at budgetary basis is the main criterion for choosing a future university. Here are the best universities in the capital that you can enter by typing required amount points on the Unified State Exam:

Russian (named after Plekhanov) - there are very high requirements, for admission it is necessary to score an average of 82 points for each subject (Russian language, foreign language and social studies).
RANHIGS under the President of the Russian Federation - there is no customs institute at this university, however, at the Faculty of Law and national security There is a direction "Customs business". The passing score for the past years is approximately 270 for the same subjects as at Plekhanov University.
- an educational institution, which is located near Moscow (in Lyubertsy). The academy has a faculty of customs affairs, the average number of enrollment points is 250 for three subjects. One of the advantages of this university is the largest number of budget places, there are 250 of them, while in others the maximum number is only 20.

State Universities Offering Fee-Based Tuition

The number of paid universities is increasing every year, because the demand for education is also growing. This is especially noticeable in Moscow: after graduating from school and passing the exam, many applicants decide to enter the capital's universities and come here from the most remote regions of Russia. It is not surprising, because it is in the capital that you can find a university that meets all the wishes and possibilities of the applicant:

offers training for contract basis, both for those who have passed the exam, and for those who wish to pass internal exams. At the Faculty of Economics, applicants are invited to choose three areas, including "Customs". The cost of training is within 200 thousand rubles per year.
MADI is another university specializing in training in the specialty "Customs". The passing score is 120. The cost per year of study at the Faculty of Logistics and General Transport Problems is 147 thousand rubles.
MGUPS Emperor Nicholas - one of the oldest universities in the capital, the law institute consists of 6 areas, one of which is customs. The passing score is 180, and the cost of education is 198 thousand rubles for one academic year.

Private universities

Applicants who score the minimum scores on the Unified State Examination have the opportunity to enter non-state universities on a paid basis. Below is an overview of the most prestigious state accredited universities:

The Moscow Institute of Law is one of the most affordable universities, the cost of education is only 65 thousand rubles per year. At the same time, it is possible to enter without passing the exam, instead, you need to pass tests conducted by the university itself.
MFLA offers quality training on relatively low prices: 100 thousand rubles for the first course of study, then some discounts are possible. The university accepts both on the basis of the results of the Unified State Examination, and according to internal exams. Foreign citizens also have the opportunity to enter this institution, it is enough just to pass an oral exam in the Russian language and write a short essay.
Moscow University. V. S. Yutte is one of the five best non-state universities in the capital. The cost of education at the Faculty of Economics and Finance is 110 thousand rubles, and the passing score is 100.

Whichever university you choose, remember that the main component of successful education is not prestige educational institution but your personal efforts.

Will hundreds more teenagers die from drugs passing through a corrupt border post? Will a consignment of counterfeit medicines be brought into the country that could harm the health of thousands of citizens? Will a terrorist planning a large-scale attack with dozens of human victims pass through false documents? Without exaggeration, it will depend on you. The profession of a customs officer is an amazing combination of routine paper work with colossal responsibility and unconditional respect for the specialty.

Story

The profession has been known since ancient times. Although thousands of years ago it was not represented by today's modern specialty, but the guards of the borders of countries, empires and occupied territories have always occupied a special place in society. The profession appeared synchronously with the formation of the first centralized states. It is impossible to give an exact date, but it definitely happened at the stage of the beginning of the development of world society. The impetus for the development of prototypes of modern customs gave rise to trade between countries.

Hundreds of years ago, caravans with goods passing through the borders of countries were taxed. This was necessary to ensure the replenishment of the treasury. In Russia, the customs business originated around the 9th century, when duties and a trade tax, “myto”, were introduced in the principalities. Myt pickers were called "mytniki". It is interesting that in the modern Ukrainian language a customs officer is a mitnik.

Customs - what kind of profession is it

A customs officer is a civil servant whose duties include control of goods transported across the border, people passing by, collection of fees and customs duties. As a rule, university graduates begin their work as ordinary inspectors. Later they become senior inspectors, department heads. A brilliant career will allow you to take the chair of a policymaker in the field of customs, and perhaps one of the leaders state apparatus. But over 90% of specialists forever remain simple inspectors.

What are the duties of a customs officer:

Carry out inspection of citizens and goods at customs posts, railway stations and airports.
Prepare customs documentation, collect fees and duties.
Detect contraband, prohibited goods.
Keep records of confiscated goods.
Conduct an investigation of offenses that are within the competence of customs law.

Apart from general profession there are several narrow specialties - a checkpoint officer, a passport control worker, a department specialist and others.

The work as a whole cannot be called interesting and at least somewhat creative - it is complex, routine, sometimes boring or dangerous, but always extremely responsible. The security of the state, in particular economic security, largely depends on customs officers. Failure by specialists to fulfill their duties, corruption and a banal shortage of employees can lead to a real tragedy.

A minimum of romance - a maximum of hard work. Customs officers meet trains and check people heading to the country's territory, inspect cargo, and establish compliance of documentation with Russian and international standards. Often, cynologists work in the industry, who specialize in searching for goods, drugs and other substances prohibited from being imported into the country. Is the profession of a customs officer suitable for a girl? Quite if she is ready to cope with hard work and take on a huge burden of responsibility. Many women work in this area - about 35% of the total number of employees.

Where to study as a customs officer

You can become a customs inspector without a specialized education. But you definitely need to graduate from high school in order to have a better chance of building a brilliant career. The more prestigious and authoritative it is, the better. TOP-5 universities in Russia, which teach customs:

Russian Customs Academy.
Academy of National Economy and public service.
Economic University. Plekhanov.
Technological University in Korolyov.
University. Witte.

The average passing score in one subject exceeds 85.5, so it is not so easy to enter the best universities in the country. But it is still worth submitting the documents - you have nothing to lose. However, at the same time, we recommend that you try to enter a few more universities or institutes that you like. Remember that studying at a reputable ranking university will give you advantages at the start of your career, but will not predetermine success.

Pros and cons of the specialty

Advantages and disadvantages will directly depend on the position held. It is obvious that a high-ranking official or policy maker in the customs industry feels quite comfortable. But since we are not presenting the possibilities and prospects of the industry, but analyzing the real state of affairs, we will note the pros and cons of ordinary specialties - inspectors, employees of checkpoints, airports and train stations.

Key pros :

Respectable, respected profession.
A special mission is to ensure the security of the country at the borders.
Benefits - often customs officers are equated with the military.
Possible supplements to pensions, to social payments.
Public service with all the privileges envisaged.

Main limitations:

Low level of comfort.
Average, and sometimes frankly low salary.
Bureaucracy and paperwork.
Rampant corruption.
The highest level of responsibility.
Constant pressure from people who disregard the law.

Many experts admit: size wages does not meet the working conditions and the level of responsibility.

In most cases, this is an important, difficult and at the same time low-paid job. Bureaucracy, work in a confined space, all-round pressure - 99% of customs officers who are at the start face this. However, they can be compensated not only by opportunities for career growth, but also by benefits, privileges, and the respectability of the profession.

How much do customs officers get

Imagine: you have dreamed of this profession since childhood. They presented themselves as the defender of the state borders of their country. You wrote an essay at school on the topic “My future profession- customs officer. Then they entered the university, graduated from it and started working. But here the level of your well-being leaves much to be desired. This industry cannot be called the most "monetary".

Training of customs specialists is a synthesis of legal and foreign economic disciplines. The students pass international trade, settlements and currency markets, merchandising and expertise in customs, customs management. Get acquainted with the specifics of the document flow in the customs authorities and pricing in foreign trade. Learn the subtleties customs procedures, customs control, customs clearance of goods and vehicles. Study economics of customs business.

Key disciplines:

Declaration of goods and vehicles
Document flow in the customs authorities
International trade, settlements and foreign exchange markets
Customs procedures
customs control
Customs management
Commodity science and expertise in customs
Economics of Customs
Ethics business communication in the customs area
Fundamentals of customs
Commodity research, expertise in the customs business of food and non-food products
Commodity nomenclature of foreign economic activity
Finance
General management
Customs clearance of goods and vehicles
Customs regimes and special customs procedures
Declaration of goods and vehicles
Organization of customs control of goods and vehicles
Basics technical means customs control
Technologies of customs control (workshop)
Customs control after release of goods
Customs and tariff regulation of foreign trade activities
Prohibitions and restrictions on foreign trade activities
Currency regulation and currency control
Foreign trade documentation
Institutes of administrative and customs law regulating the activities of customs authorities
Identification and basis for the investigation of administrative offenses within the competence of the customs authorities
Fundamentals of qualification of crimes in the field of customs
Fundamentals of the investigation of crimes within the competence of the customs authorities
Fundamentals of document flow in customs authorities
Personnel management in customs authorities
Customs management
Management of customs activities
Contracts and foreign trade documentation
International customs cooperation
Prosecutor supervision
Organization of currency control in various customs regimes
Customs payments in various customs regimes
International conventions and agreements on trade
Workshop on the application of customs payments
Theory and practice of using means of customs control
International law
International private law
Constitutional law
Constitutional law of foreign countries
Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure
Administrative law
National security
National and regional policy
Fundamentals of system analysis
Accounting
Customs management
Economics of Customs
economic security
Analysis of the financial and economic activities of the enterprise
Business planning
Fundamentals of foreign economic activity
Entrepreneurship in the customs area
Pricing in foreign trade
Economic potential customs territory Russia
Information customs technologies
Customs statistics
Economic theory
Ethics of public service and civil servant
Sociology
Management
Customs value control
Workshop on Contract Price Control

Educational and industrial practice future customs specialists are trained in freight forwarding companies where customs clearance of goods takes place; customs terminals; firms conducting export-import operations with goods; customs brokerage companies customs clearance cargo.

Do you remember the wonderful film "White Sun of the Desert" and its hero, customs officer Vereshchagin? There was no longer any border, no country, on guard of the interests of which he stood, and Vereshchagin kept guarding his customs. "I don't take bribes. I feel sorry for the state!" - catchphrase this handsome strong man with principles and sovereign thinking, became the personification of a portrait of a real customs officer.

Remember the wonderful film "White Sun of the Desert" and its hero customs officer Vereshchagin in the magnificent performance of Pavel Luspekaev? There was no longer any border, no country, on guard of whose interests he stood, and Vereshchagin kept guarding his customs, looking with disgust at the watermelons and black caviar that his wife fed him day after day. "I don't take bribes. I feel sorry for the state!" - the catchphrase of this handsome strong man with principles and sovereign thinking, has become the personification of a portrait of a real customs officer.

It is precisely such a principled and conscious person who stands guard over the state interests should be. Must be - this is the key phrase, since the portrait of a modern customs officer is very different from the "cinematic" one. And the point is not that there are no Vereshchagins left in the modern world, but that many young people choose the profession of a customs officer thoughtlessly. They are seduced by the alleged benefits, forgetting about the significance and characteristics of this profession. Therefore, today we will try to talk about all the nuances, disadvantages and advantages of the profession of a customs officer, and we hope that this will help you consciously approach the choice of a future job.

Who is a customs officer?

Customs officer - an employee of the state customs service, who controls the movement of people, things, vehicles, goods and other items across the customs border, as well as performing customs clearance and collection of customs payments.

The name of the profession comes from the Old Russian word tamga (seal, tax, duty), which in turn has Turkic roots. It should be noted that in Ancient Russia customs was called mytnya (from the word myt - the name of the payment levied by local princes). Story professions of a customs officer originates in ancient times, when the first foreign economic relations between states arose. It was then that the need arose to control goods and people crossing borders. This is what the very first customs officers did, and their activities have not changed much since that time.

Today, as before, the work of a customs officer is to clear the goods transported across the state border. This professional's responsibilities include:

registration of documentation for cargo;
cargo inspection for customs, inspection of citizens at the airport or train station;
detection of smuggling and goods prohibited for import or export;
work at checkpoints;
accounting for confiscated goods;
investigation of offenses in the field of customs law.

More specifically, the customs officer must check the documentation for the goods and draw up their own declarations, determine the country of import and export of goods and determine the amount of duties and their number, let the goods and citizens cross the border. By the way, the range of duties of customs officers is so large that within the profession there are several narrow specializations, which depend on the place of work of a specialist: an employee of a checkpoint, an employee of passport control, employees of the international customs department, etc. Therefore, when crossing the border, citizens, as a rule, have to deal with a variety of representatives of this profession. At the same time, it does not matter where exactly this border passes: at the airport, at the railway station or in the sea harbor.

What personal qualities should a customs officer have?

The work of a customs officer is associated with certain risks and temptations that impose a number of requirements on representatives of this profession. First, they must be distinguished by a high degree of patriotism, adherence to principles and honesty. In addition, any customs officer must have such personal qualities, how:

Separately, I want to say about intuition. It is visually very difficult to determine whether a person or transport is carrying a prohibited cargo. But experienced customs officers do this according to some signs only they understand, “pull the string”, gradually unwinding the ball. At the same time, they rely not so much on knowledge of psychology and practical skills, but on their own intuition.

Also, the customs officer is required to have an impeccable knowledge of laws, legal and legal subtleties, the rules for maintaining documentation and possession of an official business style of speech. Economic knowledge is also necessary for a customs officer, especially those related to trade.

Advantages of the profession of a customs officer

Ask any customs officer: what are the advantages of his profession. And you will definitely hear in response: in great importance for society. After all, it is the customs officers who stand guard over the national security of the country, preventing the import of contraband and preventing the free movement of terrorists.

Doubtless the advantage of the profession of a customs officer can also be called demand. Since customs is constantly expanding as a result of increased trade and an increase in the number of people crossing the border, young professionals can easily get a job.

Customs officers are entitled to benefits, such as early retirement and a substantial increase in it. Employees of customs departments related to checkpoints, the search for contraband and goods prohibited for import are equated to the military and, accordingly, can count on the same benefits.

Due to the specifics of the work, observation, analytical skills, intuition, memory and attentiveness are very well developed by a customs officer. These qualities, without any doubt, are useful not only in the performance of professional duties, but also in Everyday life. And the skills and knowledge acquired in the process of working at customs in the field of jurisprudence and foreign economic activity will allow a former customs officer to easily obtain leadership position at a commercial enterprise.

Disadvantages of the profession of a customs officer

The main lack of customs profession is the constant pressure from people who want to bypass customs regulations, do not pay duties or import prohibited goods. We can say that almost every customs officer has the risk of meeting them. Not everyone can resist temptation, survive, remain an honest employee under the pressure of such temptations.

This implies the next drawback of this profession - a high turnover of personnel. According to statistics, in our country, customs is one of the most corrupt systems, and only 2-3% of customs officers can be called crystal clear. Well, since our state is actively fighting corruption and regularly introduces more and more new anti-corruption measures, the ranks of employees customs service quite often "cleaned".

The disadvantages of this profession are also associated with the psychological stress that exists in the work. The constant need to be fully armed, to strain attention and memory can lead to nervous breakdowns, stress and prolonged depression.

Where can you get a profession of a customs officer?

To become a customs officer It is not necessary to have a specialized education. However, since this profession requires a large amount of versatile knowledge, the presence higher education generally is prerequisite. Knowledge and skills in the field of customs can be obtained at special courses.

But still, we recommend getting this profession in specialized universities, since in this environment graduates of customs academies are most valued. In addition, only highly qualified customs officers can count on fast career, especially if education in the specialty "Customs" was obtained in such the best universities in Russia, how.

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