Professions where geography is needed. Professions closely related to geography: options. There are two directions in geography

Material overview

How great and right

What among the many sciences

We study geography

To understand the world around!

Geography- science about everyone and for everyone. What is there beyond the horizon, what kind of people live behind the high mountains, are there other countries beyond the mountains, is there the edge of the Earth, and if so, where is it located? These questions have always excited and excite the imagination of people. And why is geography necessary for a modern young person? I believe that it is impossible to do without the knowledge that we receive in geography lessons. Any person should have in his head a correct idea of ​​what country, region, city, village he lives in. Without this, true patriotism is impossible - love for one's Fatherland.

Relevance of the chosen topic. I like the subject of geography, and I would like to study it in the future in more detail, but I don’t know if it will be in demand by me? I heard that few people pass the exam in geography, and only those who are going to enter the Voronezh military school in order to receive the specialty of a military meteorologist. I became interested in this issue, because I will soon have to make a choice of profile. I decided to conduct a small sociological survey of 9th grade students, as they are more covered in this issue. The results surprised me and inspired me to further action. It turns out that out of 35 respondents, 25 people (71%) chose geography for delivery in the form of the OGE, as they consider it an interesting and most understandable subject, but more than half of them do not know where knowledge in geography is needed in ordinary professions. 20 ninth-graders (57%) do not know professions that are closely related to geography, except for a geography teacher, but 31 people (almost 89%) wanted to learn.

I wondered what the profession of a modern geographer is associated with? Asking this question to my friends and acquaintances, people far from geography, I received a set of the same type of answers: a geographer is a traveler, a geographer draws maps, talks about the weather, a geographer teaches geography at school. And that's it! Here is such meager knowledge about the profession of a geographer. But do the general public know who, for example, geomorphologists, ekists (a specialist in population geography) or glaciologists are? Many people have developed a primitive idea of ​​​​geography as a purely speculative science, without any practical orientation, therefore it is relegated to the background, and this subject is far from being a priority in schools. So what do professional geographers do, what geographical specialties exist, and how does geography contribute to solving practical problems - most modern schoolchildren cannot answer these questions.

Output: many do not understand why they need geography and what professions and specialties are closely related to geography.

Hypothesis: Geography- basis of many professions. It is able to form an opinion about self-determination in the future profession and the requirements that society imposes on the quality of labor resources. In order to raise the prestige of geography, it is necessary to cultivate the profession of a geographer, to help society achieve an understanding of the fact that “without geography you are nowhere!”

Target: introduce professions closely related to geography and show the need to study geography at school for further self-determination in society.

Tasks:

1. To study the relationship of geography with the professions of people and compile a table "Application of knowledge and laws of geography in various professions."

2. Find out what qualities a professional of a particular profession related to geography should have and where to get an education in this specialty.

3. Analyze the labor market for the demand for geographical professions (specialties).

4. To identify the attitude of schoolchildren to the subject "geography", their future, including in terms of employment.

5. Compile a booklet “Without geography, you are nowhere!”

Practical significance: results this study it is possible to use it in geography lessons, in extracurricular activities, in career guidance work with students, and work with parents.

Research methods:

· collection of information

Analysis of collected information

Synthesis of collected information

sociological survey (questionnaire survey method)

analysis of personal data

comparison, generalization

graphical method

Chapter 1. Geography and profession.

1.1. The role of geography in human life.

Geography as a science was born a long time ago, during the formation of human society. She helped landowners to choose a place for the field, sailors - to navigate their ships across the seas and oceans, discover new lands, merchants - to successfully trade with other countries. It was the sailors and merchants who were the first to discover new lands. But not only the desire to acquire important practical knowledge or the thirst for profit forced people to set off on a journey, to unexplored distant countries, to risk their lives. Often it was the usual human curiosity - the desire to learn something new, unknown, interesting. So what is the science of geography? Modern geography as a science studies the environment, its spatial features and relationships with society, the territorial organization of society. Today, geography has two very important and interconnected wings - natural history and socio-economic, and both of them are equally its essence and content. Nowadays, geography cannot be imagined without a person, without a relationship to a person, without caring for a person, and, of course, without human activity. Is the role of geography becoming important and rapidly changing in our time? Why? Yes, because the world is changing so rapidly, so significantly that it is sometimes difficult to imagine how it was in the recent past. In our time, geography is not the former "romantic" science, but a science that is experiencing its second birth. Having become a constructive science, setting itself the task of solving the contradictions "man - nature - economy - environment", enriched with new knowledge, it began to play the role of a bridge between the natural and social sciences. Now, having such a huge store of knowledge, she solves problems of a different nature and at different levels, from local to global. Geography has very close ties with many sciences, because today there are a lot of methods for studying and understanding the modern world: historical, physical, chemical, mathematical, biological, etc. (Attachment 1)

Geography is an essential component of any profession and specialty. Its most important aspect is the formation of a worldview, an intellectual and professional outlook as the leading provisions in the development of professional self-awareness of the personality of a future specialist. The relevance of this problem is represented by the tasks set by the state for the transition at the senior level of general education to specialized education, the recent emergence of new ways of accumulating and processing information, a large number of new professions and specialties. Geographical knowledge is necessary for every person in order to realize their role and place in life and in the transformation of reality, to determine the active life position. Many classmates and acquaintances of mine believe that earning money in the profession is the main thing, but one must also think about the meaning of work, its social utility. Good for me is the specialty that gives me the opportunity to realize my personal interests and plans in the first place, where I can be more useful.

1.2. The main groups of "geographical" professions.

After reviewing the classification of professions, I decided to find out which professions require knowledge of geography. This list is quite large. Here are some of them: agronomist, archaeologist, military man, geologist, geomorphologist, geodesist, hydrologist, mining engineer, demographer, diplomat, journalist, urban engineer, ship captain, cartographer, climatologist, landscape architect, forester, logistician, medical geographer, marketer , tourism manager, meteorologist, oceanographer, pilot, sociologist, customs officer, trade analyst, travel agent, farmer, ecologist, economist in agriculture and others (Appendix 2)

Despite the abundance of modern geographical specialties, all of them can be grouped according to several criteria.

There are "old" ones that arose at the end of the 19th century.- at the beginning of the 20th century, traditional geographic specialties (for example, geomorphology, geography, climatology), and there are “new”, relatively recent ones (for example, bioclimatology, tourism geography or geographic planetology).

There are the most and least popular geographic majors. For example, the highest competition in choosing a specialization at the Faculty of Geography of Moscow State University is noted in the following departments: Geography of the World Economy, Economic and Social Geography foreign countries world, geoinformatics, environmental management. Dynamically developing new specialty- tourist geography.

The halo of romanticism inherent in geography as such reaches its maximum strength in the departments with which famous navigators and travelers (oceanology, biogeography) were somehow associated.

It is possible to distinguish a group of geographical specialties where the methods of exact and natural sciences are widely used, especially mathematical calculations: meteorology and climatology, oceanology and hydrology, cartography and topography with geodesy, glaciology and cryolithology (permafrost). Chemical methods and formulas should be known to landscape geochemists, geomorphologists, soil geographers, paleogeographers, geoecologists, volcano geographers. Physical and geophysical methods are used by meteorologists, oceanologists, hydrologists, glaciologists, landscape scientists. Biogeographers, medical geographers, limnologists (lake scientists), and landscape scientists are closely familiar with biology.

In the group of economic and geographical specialties, statistical methods and computer-mathematical modeling have found wide application. The economic geographer must also understand the fundamentals of industrial and agricultural production.

Representatives of all specialties, without exception, must have a high level knowledge of computer and information technologies (especially cartographers, meteorologists and weather forecasters) and be able to apply the cartographic method and methods of aerospace sounding of the Earth in their work.

Male graduates of most geographical faculties, in addition to their main civilian specialty, also acquire a military specialty, while simultaneously studying at the military department. As a rule, this is a “military forecaster, meteorologist”, “military cartographer-topographer” and “photogrammetrist-interpreter of aerospace reconnaissance materials”. Purely military geography is taught at the Academy of the General Staff.

There are geographical specialties that are closest to nature. They can be called cameral-field. Basically, these are specialties of the physical and geographical direction, which involve the empirical verification of scientific hypotheses and theories. As a rule, the work of a physical geographer consists of two stages:

1) trips to nature, where field studies of objects are carried out (expeditions, training practices) and 2) detailed processing of the results of such studies in office conditions (laboratories at the departments of geographical faculties and in subdivisions of IGRAN and other natural science research institutes).

There are "male" and "female" geographical specialties. For example, glaciology, cryolithology and military geography are almost completely masculine. An increased proportion of men is observed in oceanology, geomorphology, geodesy, and topography. But among the graduates of the geographical faculties of pedagogical universities, among meteorologists, weather forecasters and cartographers, representatives of the weaker sex predominate. Undoubtedly, the more field geographical specialty is, the more “male” it is, and vice versa.

1.3. Features of some specialties.

Let's consider individual geographical specialties: their content, important qualities, pluses and minuses, and note the structures where graduates of geographical faculties who have received the corresponding specialty can work. (Annex 3)

Geology. Geology is a complex of sciences about the composition, structure of the earth's crust and the history of the development of the earth. Accordingly, a geologist is a specialist in the study of the composition and structure rocks for the purpose of prospecting and exploration of mineral deposits. It solves the following tasks: carrying out geological survey, prospecting work in promising areas; exploration and evaluation of discovered deposits on land and in sea conditions; provision of geological services for mining enterprises; establishing locations mine workings and boreholes; development of mining plans; study of the geological structure of deposits; implementation of geological control over mining operations, the state of oil and gas development; generalization of geological material and results of field and geophysical studies. Pros of the profession: unconventional, analytical and creative work; high wages. The profession of a geologist is one of those few professions that are considered romantic and has its own attractive sides for people of different interests. For lovers of travel - the romance of working in taiga, polar, desert, high mountain conditions, the opportunity to visit different regions of Russia. For fans of extreme sports - field work in difficult conditions on land, at sea and in the air: the unbearable heat of the deserts or frosts of the north in tens of degrees, myriads of mosquitoes in the taiga and wetlands require heroic endurance. Life in a tent, daily multi-kilometer routes throughout the field season provide an opportunity to test yourself for strength. Disadvantages of the profession: shift method- geologists leave for several weeks on an expedition, where they work in a very intensive mode without days off, lack of domestic amenities, difficulties of camp life. Place of work: Geological exploration expeditions; geophysical and drilling parties; research institutions of the geological profile; mining industrial organizations; oil and gas producing industrial organizations.

Important qualities: excellent health and physical endurance; ability to think globally; developed logical thinking; well-developed memory; analytical thinking; the ability to endure prolonged physical and mental stress in various weather conditions and in various areas; the ability to quickly navigate the environment; high level of concentration; ability to work in irregular working hours; observation; emotional and volitional stability; forecasting ability; teamwork skills.

Geodesy. The word geodesy comes from the Greek: “geo” - earth and “daizo” - to divide into parts, and, more simply, it means land division, that is, the study of the Earth using measurements on its surface. The difference between geodesy and other Earth sciences lies in the fact that this study is based on very accurate measurements of various parameters and quantities characterizing the Earth both as a whole and in its individual parts. Geodetic work helps to make a map of the areas of their probable occurrence prior to exploration of minerals, to carry out geological and geophysical exploration to determine the location and amount of their reserves, as well as to carry out ground and underground surveys, which allow for the correct and economical design of mining operations. The role of geodetic works in urban construction and the construction of various engineering structures is great.

Volcanology- the science of the causes of the formation of volcanoes, their development, structure, composition of eruption products and patterns of placement on the Earth's surface. A volcanologist is a specialist in volcanology who studies volcanoes. The profession of a volcanologist is fanned by the spirit of romance of long-distance expeditions and is on a par with such interesting professions as a geologist, geophysicist, and oceanologist. Modern volcanology is called upon to study volcanoes not only in order to predict their eruptions, but also to use the energy of volcanic heat for the needs of the national economy. Active volcanoes are monitored around the clock by seismic stations. For scientific and practical purposes, the structures of ancient extinct volcanoes are being studied. The help of volcanologists at the time of a volcanic eruption is invaluable: following the direction of the ash plume, studying it chemical composition, they issue forecasts to weather services and air traffic controllers who correct aircraft flight paths. Volcanologists also study geysers, which are usually located near volcanoes. Despite the rarity of the profession, volcanologists are constantly in demand and in demand: more than 1,000 active volcanoes have been registered on earth. As P. Plechov, professor of volcanology at Moscow State University, noted: “A billion years of volcanic activity on earth is guaranteed.” International cooperation is well developed in this industry. Volcanologists from all over the world are studying volcanoes by joint efforts, improving research methods and technologies. As a rule, volcanoes are named after volcanologists who have studied them. There is a real opportunity to perpetuate your name in the name of the next volcano or geyser! Among the disadvantages of the profession, one can name a high degree of risk: the study of active volcanoes takes place in conditions of increased danger - surrounded by red-hot lava, suffocating gases and hot dust, constantly being exposed to the danger of an eruption. For protection, volcanologists use overalls - heat-insulating clothing and shoes coated with a layer of aluminum or other metal that reflects heat. Protective helmets are put on the head. Gas masks and gas masks are designed to protect against poisonous gases. Place of employment: Institute of Volcanology and Seismology FEB RAS in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Department of Petrography and Volcanology at Moscow State University and St. Petersburg State University. Important qualities: physical endurance; spatial imagination; analytical mind; observation; Attention; logical thinking; emotional and volitional stability; good hearing and vision.

Geomorphology. The informal name of this science is engineering geography. She studies the history of the Earth's relief. Branch of geomorphology - paleogeography - reconstruction of the prehistoric relief of the Earth. The most promising areas in geomorphology are space geomorphology (the study of the relief of the planets of the solar system) and aesthetic geomorphology (the creation of artificial landscapes). Geomorphology is a monetary specialty. Professionals are involved in the design settlements, roads, airports and seaports, dams, reservoirs, parks, beaches, oil and gas pipelines (including on the seabed), work in geological parties. This is one of the most male geographic specialties. Much attention is paid to the physical training of a geomorphologist. Labor market: research institutes, manufacturing firms, various prospecting geological services, engineering design organizations.

Biogeography. Biogeography studies the flora and fauna of the Earth. Promising areas are ecological geography and medical geography (the study of the origins and ways of spread of various diseases and their carriers). Biogeographers can be found in national parks and reserves, in arboretums; as part of expeditions, they look for wild plants and animals promising for domestication, choose environmentally friendly places for the construction of new settlements (including country houses for the elite). TV presenters Nikolai Drozdov and Ivan Zatevakhin graduated from the Department of Biogeography of the Faculty of Geology of Moscow State University.

Glaciology and cryolithology. Both sciences study the Earth's ice sphere: glaciology - on the earth's surface (glaciers and snow cover), cryolithology - below the earth's surface (permafrost and seasonal soil). Promising areas - Antarctica as one of the future places on Earth for mining, the ice cover of Antarctica and Greenland as laboratories of the ancient climates of the Earth (the mysterious Lake Vostok), oil and gas basins, communications and settlements in the permafrost zone in northern Russia, the impact of global warming to the polar regions of the Earth, the "ice planet" - Titan. Now glaciology is in a phase of recovery. In the Antarctic, the number of scientific stations is increasing, with their research preparing the base for contenders for the Earth's ice shell. These are the most masculine specialties in geography: almost 100% of graduates are representatives of the stronger sex. Accordingly, students will need to intensively go in for sports (especially skiing, swimming and mountaineering), gain skills in speleology, learn how to drive all-terrain vehicles and snowmobiles, drill ice and soil. Extensive "possessions" of glaciologists and cryolithologists in the Far North of Russia. They are interested in ice sheets of the islands of the Arctic Ocean and permafrost on the mainland in the areas of large cities, oil and gas pipelines, railways and roads. They follow the route of the Northern Sea Route. On the glaciers of the Caucasus, the Urals, Altai, Kamchatka and other mountain systems, glaciologists control and predict the movement of ice, snow avalanches and mudflows. And the most trained, hardened and courageous specialists go for romance and the opportunity to make good money at Antarctic research stations. Labor market: relevant research institutes, permafrost stations in the North of Russia, avalanche and mudflow stations in the mountains, Goskomgidromet, Goskomekologiya, Hydrometeorological Center of the Russian Federation.

Meteorology and climatology. Promising areas here are paleoclimatology (the ancient climates of the Earth), biometeorology (the impact of climatic conditions on living organisms, cycles of solar activity), medical climatology (the life and economic activities of people in different climatic zones of the Earth), weather forecast based on satellite meteorology, military meteorology ( the development of so-called climate weapons), planetary meteorology (the study of the atmospheres of planets and their satellites), the problems of global warming and ozone holes on Earth. Specialists need to have a good knowledge of physics, mathematics, computer science and geography itself. Labor market: the bulk of climate meteorologists - and often women - work as weather forecasters at ground-based weather stations scattered throughout Russia. In the last 15 years, the number of these stations has decreased, especially in the Far North and the Far East. Other possible places of employment are the Hydrometeorological Center of the Russian Federation, the State Committee for Hydrometeorology, the Meteorological Bureau of Large Russian Cities, meteorological services at airports and seaports, research institutes, marine weather stations, scientific oceanographic ships, spaceports.

Landscape science. This is a geography classic. It is here that they are engaged not in one side of nature or human society, one natural or anthropogenic component, but the whole set of connections between different components of one natural or anthropogenic complex (landscape), starting from the smallest (river, pond, park, forest, meadow , mountain, settlement, field) and ending with the geographic shell of the Earth. The task of a landscape scientist is not only to describe this or that landscape of the Earth, but also to find out the history of its occurrence and give a forecast of its further development, taking into account the influence of many factors. And here you need to know the basics of almost all other geographical sciences. Promising areas - geophysics and geochemistry of the landscape (the influence of physical and chemical processes on the formation and dynamics of a particular territory), ethnocultural landscape science (how different cultures and human settlements influenced different landscapes of the Earth and how nature influenced the mentality different peoples), environmental assessment of the area, methods of aerospace sounding in landscape science, construction of artificial aesthetic landscapes (parks, etc.). Landscape scientists are perhaps the most mobile people among geographers; after all, the entire surface of the Earth is the subject of study for them! Hence - numerous trips to different regions of Russia, and with a good knowledge of a foreign language - and abroad. The Russian landscape school, founded in the 19th century by V.V. Dokuchaev, is considered the strongest in the world. Labor market: research institutes, public and private firms engaged in environmental design and expertise, the State Committee for Nature, committees for the protection of nature of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, natural science museums, botanical gardens, nature reserves and National parks, urban planning organizations and architectural and artistic workshops (designing aesthetic landscapes).

Speleology. This is a frontier science at the intersection of geology and physical geography. She is engaged in the study of the internal cavities of the earth's crust (formation, dynamics, current state), in a simpler sense - the study of caves. The most interesting and promising direction in speleology is underwater speleology (the study of cavities in the topography of the bottom of the seas and oceans). Speleology is for strong romantics. Try to climb caves without physical training and theoretical knowledge! The scope of work for speleologists is wide: expeditionary detachments, topographic and geodetic survey of the internal cavities of the Earth, fulfillment of orders from the military and special services for the suitability of certain caves as sites where military-industrial complex enterprises and secret objects could be located. City halls of large cities attract speleologists to study the underground urban environment, where there are many voids of both natural (karst) and anthropogenic origin (worked-out adits, bunkers, foundations of ancient buildings hidden in river pipes, underground warehouses and communications). Speleologists can also work as instructors in sports and tourism organizations specializing in organizing routes to different caves.

Oceanology. In oceanology, ocean physics is distinguished (it is interested in the interaction of the ocean and the atmosphere, acoustics, optics, radioactivity and the electromagnetic field of sea water), ocean chemistry (salinity, chemical composition of water), ocean geology (what rocks and minerals the seabed and seamounts consist of , minerals); ocean biology (the study of aquatic fauna and flora, including the identification of habitats for organisms of food importance); topography of the bottom of the World Ocean (mapping of the underwater relief). There is a lot of mathematics, physics and chemistry in the program for oceanologists. Already after the 2nd year, students go to industrial practice to a sea station or scientific vessel to conduct research. You will not only ride the seas-oceans for free and enjoy the beauties of the sea and those places where the ship will moor, but also harden yourself, turning into a real "sea wolf". And if you're lucky, you'll find yourself aboard a bathyscaphe! And oceanology itself is the most promising geographical science. The planets of the solar system have been studied better than the depths of the oceans. And oceanologists-submariners are deservedly compared with astronauts. Even a new term has emerged - aquanauts. Labor market: various hydrographic services, research institutes, underwater and coastal laboratories, marine hydrological and biological stations, oceanographic vessels, private diving training firms, travel agencies. With a high level of professionalism and good knowledge of English, Russian oceanographers can try to work in oceanographic institutes in the USA, Canada, Great Britain, France, Germany, Japan and in the Mecca of all oceanologists on Earth - the Oceanographic Museum of Monaco, created by master Cousteau.

Land hydrology. In the 21st century, fresh water has become such a valuable resource that military conflicts between countries even arise for the possession of its sources, and projects are being developed to deliver icebergs to arid regions of the Earth. People who have chosen land hydrology as their profession are called upon to optimize and rationalize the water flows and the water balance of the country. Hydrologists study the water cycle in nature, analyze the regime of water bodies and the water regime of individual territories; give an assessment and forecast of the state and rational use of water resources; participate in the design and monitoring of reservoirs, hydroelectric power stations, canals, sea dams, river dams and bridges, ports, beaches, water intakes for settlements and enterprises; compose catalogs of land water bodies. Labor market: research institutes, lake and river stations, hydrological posts and hydroobservatories, hydroelectric power stations, department of water transport of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation, fish breeding companies, water parks, river canal administrations, river ports, Hydrometeorological Center of the Russian Federation, Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation. Soil science. The largest massifs of the most fertile soil in the world lie in our country. And it is not for nothing that soil science appeared in Russia. This is a biological and geographical science of the origin, dynamics, state of the art, the future development of the soil and the rational use of soil resources. There are also departments of soil science at biology departments, but at geographical departments they are mainly engaged in spatial analysis of soils, their mapping, quantitative and qualitative assessment of soil resources in different territories for entering these data into the Unified Land Cadastre of the Russian Federation. Graduates in agriculture solve the problems of increasing soil fertility and the use of the necessary fertilizers, participate in land reclamation (irrigation, drainage, gypsuming, liming of the soil) and in the fight against soil erosion, draw up maps of soil and land resources for agronomic farms. A good soil scientist is right hand agricultural manager. The role of the soil geographer has increased especially strongly now, when a large-scale land reform is being carried out.

Economic and social geography. Economic geography studies the spatial distribution of productive forces (population and economy) and is at the intersection of geography and economics. And social geography lies in the plane of interaction between general geography and a number of humanitarian disciplines - history, ethnology, sociology, cultural studies, even psychology (studies the mentality of the population of a particular territory). Economic geographers consider the natural resource and economic potential of the territory; identify specific features and problems of the territory; assess the value of land; looking for the best place for the construction of national economic facilities; give recommendations for power and economic structures on the integrated development and solution of problems of the territory; determine the degree of environmental risk in the process of economic development of the territory; give a forecast of the development of the territory.

sociogeographers participate in the assessment of the labor and intellectual potential of the territory; study the way of life, traditions, customs, behavior (mentality) different groups population, social strata and ethnic groups; collect and systematize information about migrants; give government agencies recommendations on the optimal distribution of migration flows of the population; help in the settlement of refugees; analyze population censuses; take part in ethnographic expeditions; help to plan settlements and places of rest; reveal national problems and give advice on their resolution; participate in determining the human development index (quality of life of the population). The results of economic and socio-geographic research are presented in various forms - from memorandums to computer presentations. But in any case, a map is attached to the report - so the specialist needs to know the cartographic method well. Here is an approximate labor market for economic and sociogeographers: work in research institutes, teaching economic geography in economic, financial and tourism universities, in high schools and colleges. Also, cartographic factories (editors of socio-economic maps), planning, land and socio-cultural departments of federal, regional and local authorities authorities.

1.4. Where to get an education

At present in Russia there are 24 geographical faculties and departments of classical universities and 41 geographical faculties of pedagogical universities and institutes. The study of geography in pedagogical universities stands apart. Here they train not researchers-analysts, as in the geofaculties of classical universities, but, first of all, teachers who can teach both physical and social geography. These two branches of a single geography consist of many narrower disciplines, each of which corresponds to one or another geographical specialty (about fifty in the Russian register of such academic discipline like "geography"). The nearest university is VSU. At Voronezh State University, you can get an education at one of two faculties: Faculty of Geography, Geoecology and Tourism. Departments: geoecology and monitoring environment; physical geography and landscape optimization; socio-economic geography and regional studies; nature management; recreational geography, regional studies and tourism. The work is carried out in two main forms of education: higher vocational education (HPE) and secondary vocational education (SVE). At the Faculty of Geology there are departments: geophysical methods of prospecting and exploration of mineral deposits; hydrogeology, engineering geology and geoecology; historical geology and paleontology; mineralogy, petrography and geochemistry; general geology and geodynamics; minerals and subsoil use; ecological geology.

Today in Russia there are many educational institutions where it is possible to get more narrow specialization such as the profession of surveyor. In the field of geodesy at various levels of mastering this complex specialty, you can work after graduating from both a secondary educational institution - a technical school or college, and a higher one - a university, institute or academy. Volcanologists in Russia are piece specialists. In Moscow, the profession of a volcanologist can be obtained at the Faculty of Geology of Moscow State University. Lomonosov and St. Petersburg State University, Department of Petrology and Volcanology - these are the main centers for the study of volcanoes in Russia. And also at the Department of "Geomorphology and Paleogeography" of the Faculty of Geography and at the Department of Mechanics of the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics. In other cities, the specialization of a volcanologist can be obtained at the geological exploration departments of universities or technical universities. Most often, geologists and geophysicists become volcanologists. (Appendix 4).

Chapter 2. Research part.

2.1. Analysis of the labor market in Russia.

There is a special market for labor trade - the labor market. The labor market is the sphere of formation of demand and supply of labor (labor services). Through the labor market, the majority of the working population receives jobs and incomes. In the labor market, entrepreneurs and sellers of labor collectively negotiate, collectively and individually, about employment, working conditions and wages.

We have analyzed what are the most demanded professions on the labor market in Russia today? If 10 years ago, specialists with economic and legal education were required, now the labor market is overflowing with representatives of such professions, and many people have a question about what professions will be the most in demand in the future, and what kind of education to receive. It would seem that it is very difficult to answer this question, since the labor market is an unpredictable sphere, but some research and forecasts can be made. So, according to the research of sociologists, the ten most demanded professions of the near future are:

1. Engineers. It is engineers of technical specialties who will take a leading position in the employment market. 2.Specialists in the field of IT technologies. Not a single modern company can do without computers, respectively, the company must have specialists who are responsible for organizing and coordinating the work of computer networks, setting up Internet use, servicing subscriber telephone lines, etc.

3. Specialists in the field of nanotechnology. Nanotechnologies are based on the atomic-molecular interaction of substances, these technologies make it possible to use the hidden, useful properties of substances. Nanotechnology is the technology of the future. Soon nanotechnologies will cover all spheres: food industry, mechanical engineering, space technologies, medicine, chemical industry. 4.Specialists in the field of biotechnology and bioengineering. The concept of biotechnology means modern method, which uses any biological structures, systems, and their parts to solve a particular problem within a given technological process. Especially often biotechnologies are used in modern agricultural enterprises, where, using genetic engineering methods, the properties of grown products are changed, for example, to increase yields or resistance to pests. In pharmacology, biotechnological methods are also used to create drugs based on biological organisms.

5.Specialists in the field of marketing. The Russian market is constantly updated with a huge number of various goods and services.6. Specialists in the field of service. Gradually, the well-being of people in Russia and other countries of the world is improving, so there is an increasing need to provide quality services.

7.Specialist in the field of logistics - management of information flows and material values ​​during the production and sale of products. Russia is increasingly integrating into the world market system, it is planned to join the world trade organization and other organizations. In this regard, a profession that is already in demand is a logistician. Sociability, the ability to quickly understand and evaluate daily work. At the same time, it is necessary to understand a little more about technology, transport, economic issues, and have geographical skills.

8.Specialist in environmental safety. In our country, unfortunately, little attention has always been paid to the protection of the environment and human health due to environmental problems. However, at present, the scale of anthropogenic impacts has reached such a level that one cannot do without competent specialists in the field of ecology.

9.Specialists in the field of medical research. Medicine is constantly developing, new methods of treatment, technologies, medicines appear, so such specialists will always be in demand.

10.Specialists in the field of chemistry and chemical research. Energy is an area in which chemical specialties will be most in demand. It is estimated that the world's oil reserves will last only a few decades, and even now scientists are looking for and researching alternative energy sources. Soon, humanity will begin to actively apply research into practice, and chemical professions will become one of the most sought after.

Output: according to these data, we see that almost all the most popular professions in Russia are to some extent related to geography.

2.2. student and career. Working on the research topic, we decided to find out:

1. Have the students of the 9th grade of our school decided on the choice of their future profession;

2. What do they know about their future profession;

3. What school subjects are needed.

The students were offered a questionnaire (Appendix 5). After analyzing the results, we found that the majority of 9th grade students have not yet fully decided on their choice of profession or have a low level of awareness about their chosen profession. The data show that in general there is a lack of knowledge about professions and their specifics. In terms of importance, the subject of geography occupies 7-8 positions out of 10. For 68% of respondents, the subject is not needed, although naming the chosen professions they do not mean that geography is indispensable in this profession, for example, a specialist of the Ministry of Emergency Situations. Only 2 people (5.7%) indicated that their future profession would be directly related to geography (geodes and tourism). Of the professions related to geography, students name: a geologist, a meteorologist, a truck driver, a sailor, a pilot, an agronomist.(Appendix 6).

1. Modern geography- basis of many professions. Two branches of a single geography, physical and social, consist of many narrower disciplines, each of which corresponds to one or another geographical specialty - there are about 50 of them: "old" and "young", male and female, rare and common, "monetary" and not much. The choice is very large.

2. One of the main motives for the professional choice of graduates is the social prestige of the profession, i.e. assessment of the importance, usefulness of this profession on the part of the media, parents, and the entire social environment surrounding schoolchildren. An important role is played by the demand for the profession in the labor market and, of course, material rewards. this work will help us decide on a professional field or orient ourselves in specialized training.

3. In the future, such "geographical" professions as engineers, technicians, geologists, environmentalists will be in demand. Every year, the tourism sector of the economy is developing more and more.

4. If you decide to connect your life with geography, then you need to develop professionally important qualities: curiosity; propensity for research activities; eye gauge; memory; orientate on the ground; ability to analyze and think logically; physical endurance.

5. Ways of obtaining a profession - universities and vocational schools.

6 . The geographer works not only indoors, but also in open areas; one must be prepared for field trips (expeditions, field observations, work on the ground).

7. The hypothesis put forward that geography is able to form an opinion about self-determination in the future profession and the requirements that society makes to the quality of labor resources was confirmed.

Conclusion.

Studying a geography course is very important for the professional self-determination of students. Geography is able to reveal the causes and consequences of unemployment, outline the requirements for a modern worker in the labor market, form an opinion about self-determination in a future profession and the requirements that society imposes on the quality of labor resources.

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One of the poets said that all professions are important and all professions are needed. But always in demand and useful were and will be professions related to the land: geologists, miners, agronomists, environmentalists, surveyors, builders. Let's dwell on them in more detail.

Professions related to the study of the lithosphere

Geologists and Miners – Life-Risking Romance (Professions Related to the Study of the Lithosphere) Geologists have always been associated with the romance of travel, life in tents. But this is only one side of the coin. The heroic work of people of this profession is the study of the composition of the earth, the lithosphere (the solid shell of the Earth), the search for minerals, their development.

Scientific work

Seismologists, scientists. Representatives of this profession are collected, responsible, observant, able to work in a team, and are not afraid of extreme conditions.

Miners can rightly be considered the most courageous and courageous people. After all, every million tons of coal mined costs about four human lives. It is the miners who have to work deep underground and risk their lives almost every time. One of the most highly paid professions, cultivating endurance, requiring good physical fitness, is also the most risky and dangerous.

The oldest professions on earth

The agronomist rightfully belongs to the most common and most ancient. Already several millennia ago, people knew how to cultivate the land, grow certain crops. Agriculture without this profession is impossible to imagine: agronomists not only grow crops, but also breed new varieties of wheat, apple trees, and rapeseed that are so useful and necessary for mankind.

To some extent, construction specialties can also be attributed to land-related professions, because houses are built on land. Also one of the oldest professions, which can be safely called the most peaceful. The secrets of the building craft were passed down from generation to generation, some, unfortunately, were lost forever, but the palaces built many centuries ago still stand.

The builder is always in good physical shape, stress-resistant, able to bring what he started to the end. In addition, builders will be in demand at any time.

Taking care of the ground and a bit of convex-concave surfaces

Ecologists make sure that the harm caused by mankind to the earth is minimal, they care about environmental protection, they study flora and fauna in interaction with human activity.

The land registry specialist takes into account the quantity and quality of land, its fertility and location.

And the surveyor, who in tsarist Russia was called a land surveyor, studies all the convexities and concavities of the earth's surface in order to correctly design and arrange buildings.

Professions related to the earth and the study of the lithosphere are quite earthly, sometimes risky and difficult. But the one who chose these professions is really always needed and important.

Most of the geographical departments arose in the 60-80s. XIX century. The first independent geographical faculty in our country was the Faculty of Geography of Moscow State University. M. V. Lomonosov, opened in 1938

Demand

Payability

Competition

entry barrier

prospects

At present in Russia there are 24 geographical faculties and departments of classical universities and 41 geographical faculties of pedagogical universities and institutes.

As a science, geography is divided into physical, studying nature, and social, studying population and economy. (It is customary to refer to geography also the technical discipline - cartography, although recently some prominent scientists have disputed this.) The two branches of a single geography consist of many narrower disciplines, each of which corresponds to one or another geographical specialty - there are about 50 of them. at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. traditional specialties, most of them: geomorphology, geoscience, climatology, etc. And there are - relatively recently appeared - bioclimatology, tourism geography or geographical planetology.

There are geographical specialties that are closest to nature. They can be called cameral-field. The presence of a geographer outside the walls of his home can last from one day to several months a year (mainly in the warm season). And the group of socio-geographical (according to the old terminology - economic-geographical) specialties is not so strongly tied to the natural environment, for the most part it is purely office. On the road, economic geographers prefer not expeditions, but solitary research trips. The object of research of such a specialist is the anthropogenic environment (created by man).

Study Methods

In geography, the methods of exact and natural sciences are widely applicable: mathematics, statistics, physics (there is even a permanent discussion about whether to transfer the departments of meteorology and oceanology from the geofaculty of Moscow State University to the physics department), chemistry and biology.

And geographical specialties from the block of public geography are especially closely connected with a number of humanitarian disciplines.

Representatives of all geographic specialties, without exception, must know computer and information technologies at a high level.

Geomorphology

The unofficial name of this science is engineering geography. She studies the history of the Earth's relief. Branch of geomorphology - paleogeography - reconstruction of the prehistoric relief of the Earth. The most promising areas in geomorphology are space geomorphology (the study of the relief of the planets of the solar system) and aesthetic geomorphology (the creation of artificial landscapes).

Geomorphology is a monetary specialty. Professionals participate in the design of settlements, roads, airports and seaports, dams, reservoirs, parks, beaches, oil and gas pipelines (including on the seabed), work in geological parties. This is one of the most male geographic specialties. Much attention is paid to the physical training of a geomorphologist.

Labor market: research institutes, manufacturing firms, various prospecting geological services, engineering design organizations.

biogeography

Biogeography studies the flora and fauna of the Earth. Promising areas are ecological geography and medical geography (the study of the origins and ways of spread of various diseases and their carriers). Biogeographers can be found in national parks and reserves, in arboretums; as part of expeditions, they look for wild plants and animals promising for domestication, choose environmentally friendly places for the construction of new settlements (including country houses for the elite).

TV presenters Nikolai Drozdov (one time an environmental expert under the UN Secretary General) and Ivan Zatevakhin both graduated from the Department of Biogeography of the Geofaculty of Moscow State University.

Glaciology and cryolithology

Both sciences study the ice sphere of the Earth: glaciology - on the earth's surface (glaciers and snow cover), cryolithology - under the earth's surface (permafrost and seasonal soil). Promising areas - Antarctica as one of the future places on Earth for mining, the ice cover of Antarctica and Greenland as laboratories of the ancient climates of the Earth (mysterious Lake Vostok), oil and gas basins, communications and settlements in the permafrost zone in northern Russia, the impact of global warming to the polar regions of the Earth, the "ice planet" - Titan.

Now glaciology is in a phase of recovery. World and "not so" powers, despite the international treaty of 1959, are ready to get involved in the struggle for the last undivided continent on Earth - Antarctica. In the Antarctic, the number of scientific stations is increasing, with their research preparing the base for contenders for the Earth's ice shell.

These are the most masculine specialties in geography: almost 100% of graduates are representatives of the stronger sex. Accordingly, students will need to intensively go in for sports (especially skiing, swimming and mountaineering), gain skills in speleology, learn how to drive all-terrain vehicles and snowmobiles, drill ice and soil.

Extensive "possessions" of glaciologists and cryolithologists in the Far North of Russia. They are interested in ice sheets of the islands of the Arctic Ocean and permafrost on the mainland in the areas of large cities, oil and gas pipelines, railways and roads. They follow the route of the Northern Sea Route. On the glaciers of the Caucasus, the Urals, Altai, Kamchatka and other mountain systems, glaciologists control and predict the movement of ice, snow avalanches and mudflows. And the most trained, hardened and courageous specialists go for romance and the opportunity to make good money at Antarctic research stations.

Labor market: relevant research institutes, permafrost stations in the North of Russia, avalanche and mudflow stations in the mountains, Goskomgidromet, Goskomekologiya, Hydrometeorological Center of the Russian Federation.

Meteorology and climatology

Promising areas here are paleoclimatology (the ancient climates of the Earth), biometeorology (the impact of climatic conditions on living organisms, Chizhevsky's solar activity cycles), medical climatology (the life and economic activity of people in different climatic zones of the Earth), weather forecast based on satellite meteorology, military meteorology (development of the so-called climate weapons), planetary meteorology (study of the atmospheres of Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn and their satellites), problems of global warming and ozone holes on Earth, computer modeling of climatic processes.

Specialists need to know physics, mathematics and computer science well - at the profile department of the Faculty of Geography of Moscow State University, physics and mathematics are paid no less attention than geography itself!

Labor market: the bulk of climate meteorologists - and often women - work as weather forecasters at ground-based weather stations scattered throughout Russia. In the last 15 years, the number of these stations has decreased, especially in the Far North and the Far East. The equipment installed back in Soviet times is morally and technically worn out, so our weather forecasters analyze mainly foreign (American and European) information.

Other possible places of employment are the Hydrometeorological Center of the Russian Federation, the State Committee for Hydrometeorology, the IG RAS, the Meteorological Bureau of Moscow and other large cities of Russia, meteorological services at airports and seaports, research institutes, marine weather stations, scientific oceanographic vessels, spaceports.

Jobs for meteorologists-climatologists can be in a number of international structures.

landscape science

This is a geography classic. It is here that they are engaged not in one side of nature or human society, one natural or anthropogenic component, but the whole set of connections between different components of one natural or anthropogenic complex (landscape), starting from the smallest (river, pond, park, forest, meadow , mountain, settlement, field) and ending with the geographic shell of the Earth. The task of a landscape scientist is not only to describe this or that landscape of the Earth, but also to find out the history of its occurrence and give a forecast of its further development, taking into account the influence of many factors. And here you need to know the basics of almost all other geographical sciences.

Promising areas - geophysics and geochemistry of the landscape (the influence of physical and chemical processes on the formation and dynamics of a particular territory), ethno-cultural landscape science (how different cultures and human settlements influenced different landscapes of the Earth and how nature influenced the mentality of different peoples), environmental assessment terrain, methods of aerospace sounding in landscape science, construction of artificial aesthetic landscapes (parks, etc.).

Landscape scientists are perhaps the most mobile people among geographers; after all, the entire surface of the Earth is the subject of study for them! Hence - numerous trips to different regions of Russia, and with a good knowledge of a foreign language - and abroad. Our landscapers can be found in the jungles of Africa and the Amazon, in the Indian savannah, Australian deserts, prairies North America, on the coral islands of the Pacific Ocean, in the industrial areas of Western Europe and Japan, in the taiga and tundra regions of Eurasia, in the Cordillera and Tibet. The Russian landscape school, founded in the 19th century by V.V. Dokuchaev, is considered the strongest in the world.

Labor market: research institutes, public and private firms engaged in environmental design and expertise, the State Committee for Nature, nature protection committees of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, natural science museums, botanical gardens, nature reserves and national parks, urban planning organizations and architectural and art workshops (designing aesthetic landscapes ). Our landscape experts are willingly invited to work in France and Germany.

Speleology

This is a frontier science at the intersection of geology and physical geography. She is engaged in the study of the internal cavities of the earth's crust (formation, dynamics, current state), in a simpler sense - the study of caves.

Speleology can be studied in different ways: in relation to the rocks and minerals that make up the walls of caves (geological speleology); microclimate of caves (climatic speleology); living organisms present in the caves (biospeleology); hydrological regime of caves (hydrospeleology); traces of material culture in caves (archaeological speleology); contemporary use of caves (anthropospeleology); mapping caves (topographic speleology). Sports and tourist speleology stand apart: some geographical faculties have corresponding clubs. The most interesting and promising direction in speleology is underwater speleology (the study of cavities in the topography of the bottom of the seas and oceans).

Speleology is for strong romantics. Try to climb caves without physical training and theoretical knowledge!

The scope of work for speleologists is wide: expeditionary detachments, topographic and geodetic survey of the internal cavities of the Earth, fulfillment of orders from the military and special services for the suitability of certain caves as sites where military-industrial complex enterprises and secret objects could be located.

City halls of large cities attract speleologists to study the underground urban environment, where there are many voids of both natural (karst) and anthropogenic origin (worked-out adits, bunkers, foundations of ancient buildings hidden in river pipes, underground warehouses and communications).

Speleologists can also work as instructors in sports and tourism organizations specializing in organizing routes to different caves.

Oceanology

The old name for oceanology is oceanography. And it would be more correct to call the planet Earth Water or Ocean, because since school we know that most of the Earth's surface is covered with water (the World Ocean).

In oceanology, ocean physics is distinguished (it is interested in the interaction of the ocean and the atmosphere, acoustics, optics, radioactivity and the electromagnetic field of sea water), ocean chemistry (salinity, chemical composition of water), ocean geology (what rocks and minerals the seabed and seamounts consist of , minerals); ocean biology (the study of aquatic fauna and flora, including the identification of habitats for organisms of food importance); topography of the bottom of the World Ocean (mapping of the underwater relief).

There is a lot of mathematics, physics and chemistry in the program for oceanologists. Already after the 2nd year, students go to work practice at a sea station or a scientific vessel to conduct research. You will not only ride the seas-oceans for free and enjoy the beauties of the sea and those places where the ship will moor, but also harden yourself, turning into a real "sea wolf". And if you're lucky, you'll find yourself aboard a bathyscaphe!

And oceanology itself is the most promising geographical science. The planets of the solar system have been studied better than the depths of the oceans. And oceanologists-submariners are deservedly compared with astronauts. Even a new term has emerged - aquanauts.

Labor market: various hydrographic services, research institutes, underwater and coastal laboratories, marine hydrological and biological stations, oceanographic vessels, private diving training firms, travel agencies.

With a high level of professionalism and good knowledge of English, Russian oceanographers can try to work in oceanographic institutes in the USA, Canada, Great Britain, France, Germany, Japan and in the Mecca of all oceanologists on Earth - the Oceanographic Museum of Monaco, created by master Cousteau.

Land hydrology

In the 21st century, fresh water has become such a valuable resource that military conflicts between countries even arise for the possession of its sources, and projects are being developed to deliver icebergs to arid regions of the Earth. People who have chosen land hydrology as their profession are called upon to optimize and rationalize the water flows and the water balance of the country.

Hydrologists study the water cycle in nature, the impact on it economic activity person; analyze the regime of water bodies and the water regime of individual territories; give an assessment and forecast of the state and rational use of water resources; participate in the design and monitoring of reservoirs, hydroelectric power stations, canals, irrigation facilities, sea dams, river dams and bridges, ports, beaches, water intakes for settlements and enterprises; compose catalogs of land water bodies.

Hydrology is closely related to physical geography, physics (hydrodynamics), mathematics, biology, chemistry, ichthyology, hydraulic engineering and navigation.

A promising direction for Russian hydrologists is the study of the future ocean: Lake Baikal, the deepest on Earth.

Labor market: research institutes, lake and river stations, hydrological posts and hydroobservatories, hydroelectric power stations, department of water transport of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation, fish breeding companies, water parks, river canal administrations, river ports, Hydrometeorological Center of the Russian Federation, Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation.

TV presenter A. Belyaev was educated as a hydrologist at the Faculty of Geography of Moscow State University.

soil science

The largest massifs of the most fertile soil in the world lie in our country. And it is not for nothing that soil science appeared in Russia. This is a biological and geographical science about the origin, dynamics, current state, future development of the soil and the rational use of soil resources. There are also departments of soil science at biology departments, but at geographical departments they are mainly engaged in spatial analysis of soils, their mapping, quantitative and qualitative assessment of soil resources in different territories for entering these data into the Unified Land Cadastre of the Russian Federation.

Soil geographers study soil geography, their morphology and genesis, geochemistry, colloid chemistry and biogeochemistry, mapping, physical and biological chemistry, biology, hydrology and hydrogeology!

Graduates in agriculture solve the problems of increasing soil fertility and the use of the necessary fertilizers, participate in land reclamation (irrigation, drainage, gypsuming, liming of the soil) and in the fight against soil erosion, draw up maps of soil and land resources for agronomic farms. A good soil scientist is the right hand of the head of an agricultural enterprise. The role of the geographer-soil scientist has increased especially strongly now, when a large-scale land reform is being carried out and the services of people of this profession are needed for assessing soil and land resources and, accordingly, for compiling single directory all agricultural enterprises and the Unified Land Register, which, in turn, is needed to determine the land tax rate for different regions of Russia.

Political geography

This is a section of humanitarian geography that studies the alignment of political forces in different countries, or in a particular country, or in a part of this country. Its tasks include the analysis of interethnic relations in different territories; identification of factors (purely political, military, economic, cultural, ethnic, mental-psychological and even natural) that affect the territorial distribution of political forces, phenomena and processes; comprehensive analysis and detailed assessment of the political situation in the country and the world; participation in the construction and editing of political maps and reference books; recommendations to power structures and politicians, assistance in the development of political schemes, technologies and political and military-political doctrines of the state. (The branch of political geography dealing with various aspects of election campaigns is called electoral geography.)

Political geography is studied together with socio-economic geography, since these two areas are closely interconnected. Graduates receive a diploma of geographer-political scientist. Behind their shoulders is the study of political science, regional studies, regional studies, the economy of different countries, the psychology and culture of different peoples, and, of course, foreign languages ​​- at least two.

Often in the media, political geography is confused with geopolitics. But the subject of study of geopolitics is the whole world, all countries in their interaction, in particular, the processes of globalization. And in political geography, as a rule, specific territories are considered - more often at the level of a single country or some area within this country. And geopoliticians can be not geographers at all, but representatives of other spheres of human activity (actually politicians, heads of great states, foreign ministers, diplomats, military men, philosophers). But among the famous professional political geographers, scientists can be noted - L. Smirnyagin, S. Blagovolin, D. Oreshkin.

Political geographers may work primarily as analysts and experts.

Economic and social geography

Economic geography is one of the sections of humanitarian geography. It studies the spatial distribution of productive forces (population and economy) and is located at the intersection of geography and economics. And social geography lies in the plane of interaction between general geography and a number of humanitarian disciplines - history, ethnology, sociology, cultural studies, even psychology (studies the mentality of the population of a particular territory).

Economic geographers consider the natural resource and economic potential of a territory (from a locality to a country as a whole); identify specific features and problems of the territory; assess the value of land; looking for the best place for the construction of national economic facilities; give recommendations for power and economic structures on the integrated development and solution of problems of the territory; determine the degree of environmental risk in the process of economic development of the territory; give a forecast of the development of the territory. The entrepreneurial climate of the property thus defined is important for future investment in the property.

Sociogeographers participate in the assessment of the labor and intellectual potential of the territory; study the way of life, traditions, customs, behavior (mentality) of different groups of the population, social strata and ethnic groups; collect and systematize information about migrants; give government agencies recommendations on the optimal distribution of migration flows of the population; help in the settlement of refugees; analyze population censuses; take part in ethnographic expeditions; help to plan settlements and places of rest; identify national problems and give advice on their resolution; participate in determining the human development index (quality of life of the population).

Both economic and sociogeographers participate in zoning a large territory: in accordance with certain criteria and on the basis of certain indicators, they divide this territory into its component parts (districts, regions, zones, areas). The zoning process can be carried out both according to one indicator, and according to their combination. For example, the territory of the country can be divided into districts according to the quality of life of the population or according to the degree of investment attractiveness (a lot of initial information and several indicators are taken). And you can use only one indicator - for example, the provision of cars per 1000 people. The results of economic and sociogeographic research are presented in various forms - from memorandums to computer presentations. But in any case, a map is attached to the report - so the specialist needs to know the cartographic method well.

I will list promising directions in economic geography. This is the geography of globalization processes, multinational companies, foreign economic relations, financial sphere, fuel and energy complex, innovations and scientific and technological progress. And in the field of social geography, this is cultural geography, psychological geography (the so-called phenomenology), the geography of social groups of the population, the quality of life, small peoples, human ecology.

Economic and sociogeographers mainly work in economic and financial structures - both public and private. For example, banks are willing to hire highly qualified economic geographers who can think broadly and comprehensively and see the problem as a whole. Such people also make good marketers (work in commercial and industrial companies). IN government bodies economic geographers are needed primarily as regional planners and appraisers of the territorial potential.

Here is an approximate labor market for economic and sociogeographers: work in research institutes, teaching economic geography in economic, financial and tourism universities, in high schools and colleges. Also, cartographic factories (editors of socio-economic maps), planning, land and socio-cultural departments of federal, regional and local authorities can become their place of work.

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1.1.In the worldgeographical professions.

Target research work: The study and study of professions, which are based on the application of knowledge and the laws of geography.

Research methods: For the study, statistical and analytical methods.

Relevance. Recently, there has been a change in the set of subjects studied at school. I like geography very much and I would like my profession to be connected with it. Therefore, I decided to study professions that require knowledge of geographical laws in order to decide on the further choice of my profession.

There are many professions related to geography in the world, but which of these many to choose, which profession is the most useful? Of course, all these professions are useful and very important. And to understand their importance, let's look at the most interesting and important of them.

In my work, I want to tell and show you how this wonderful science of the planet earth is reflected in the development of many human professions. I believe that the topic I have chosen is very relevant today, since in recent years more and more new professions related to geography have appeared.

Geography is an important element in all these professions. Geography is the science of the planet earth, its natural patterns, the population and its economic activities.

I set myself this goal:

To study my chosen professions related to geography and the professional qualities needed for them.

Based on the goal, in my work I set the following tasks:

I will conduct a study of selected professions for the use of geography.

Conduct a sociological survey of school students to identify the significance of the subject of geography when choosing a profession;

Find out what qualities a person should have in these professions.

1.2. Research methods

For the study, I used statistical and analytical methods. To prove the hypothesis, I developed questions for questionnaires. Based on them, a sociological survey was conducted among the students of our school, which resulted in an analysis of the results obtained and conclusions were drawn about the importance of geographical knowledge in life and in choosing a profession.

Features of the studied audience

Children in grades 9-11 took an active part in the sociological survey. On the basis of which, I concluded that the students of our school understand the need for geographical knowledge in life and in choosing professions.

Research results

To conduct a survey, a questionnaire was compiled from the following questions:

1. Can a person do without geographical knowledge?

2. Do you need geography after graduation?

3. What professions related to geography do students know?

After analyzing the data obtained, I concluded that students understand that geographical knowledge is needed even in everyday life, regardless of their profession. But professions based on the application of knowledge and the laws of geography cannot name much. Therefore, I decided to study the professions that most interested me and tell about them in more detail.

1.3. There are two directions in geography:

1. Physical-geographical - a direction that studies the nature of the earth's surface.

2. Economic - the direction studies the population and its economic activity.

In my work, I chose physics - a geographical direction, since in this direction, in my opinion, the most important professions related to geography.

Geographic professions fall into three categories:

Traditional: geomorphology, agriculture, climatology, etc.

Modern: bioclimatology, tourism geography, geographic planetology, etc.

Rare: volcanologist, meteorologist, oceanologist, climatologist, etc.

1.4. I want to tell you about the rarest and interesting professions in geography.

1. First profession - Volcanologist.

The volcanologist develops methods for predicting eruptions and the use of volcanic heat and hot water for the needs of the national economy. Studying volcanoes is quite problematic. Observation of the life of volcanoes is carried out around the clock. Seismic stations record volcanic earthquakes. These are the most reliable harbingers of the coming eruption. Volcanologists also explore extinct and destroyed ancient volcanoes. The accumulation of such observations and knowledge is very important for geology. In addition to scientific observations, the volcano station also brings other benefits. When an eruption occurs, volcanologists monitor the direction of the ash plume and, according to their forecast, aviators adjust aircraft routes.

In the profession of a volcanologist, physical endurance, an analytical mind, logical thinking, observation, a penchant for the natural sciences, good hearing and vision are important.

Physical Endurance

analytical mind

Logical thinking

Observation

A penchant for the natural sciences

Good hearing and vision.

Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Evgeny Gordeev

2.Oceanologist.

Oceanologists study the waters of the oceans and seas. They investigate their composition, properties and structure. Track the physical, chemical and biological processes occurring in the seas and oceans. You need to be well versed in technology, because. most studies are carried out using special equipment. The depth of the World Ocean is poorly studied, therefore oceanologists also use good knowledge of English, oceanologists have every chance to work in oceanographic institutes in the USA, Canada, Great Britain, France, Germany, Japan

Professionally important qualities:

Physical Endurance

Good memory

Attentiveness

Logical thinking

Love for nature

Below are the universities where you can get this profession:

Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev

Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov

3. Ecologist

Modern ecology is a rapidly developing science, its objects are very different levels organizations: from the whole biosphere and large ecosystems to populations. Ecology is closely connected with economics, legal and moral aspects of nature management, and politics. Modern ecology is not only a biological science, but, to a certain extent, a social one.

There are several sections of ecology:

General ecology - the study of entire ecosystems and private sections (ecology of plants, animals, etc.); - field ecology - the study of living organisms in a natural setting; - experimental ecology - the study of the influence of individual environmental factors on living organisms using laboratory instruments and installations.

At present, activities that are close and related to this profession are distinguished: environmental engineer, environmental physicist, environmental chemist, safety engineer technological processes and etc.

Professionally important qualities:

analytic skills;

mathematical ability;

logical thinking;

good mnemonic abilities (short-term and long-term memory);

flexibility of mind (the ability to change plans, ways of solving problems in accordance with changing circumstances);

the ability to endure prolonged physical and mental stress in various weather conditions;

responsibility;

initiative;

independence;

conscientiousness;

observation

adherence to principles

accuracy.

Below are the universities where you can get this profession:

SPbSU - Saint Petersburg State University

TPU - National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University

4.Geologist

Exploration geologist and pioneer. He finds and marks mineral deposits on the map, makes a "portrait" of the region under study in the form of diagrams, maps, plans and diagrams. The work of a geologist begins with the study of compared rocks taken from the surface of the earth, from the bottom of the sea or from wells, sampling, and their laboratory research. The geologist must understand whether there are minerals in the area, which ones, how they are located and how expedient their industrial development is.

Work for courageous, decisive and at the same time romantic people. The firm hand of a comrade is the only thing you have to rely on in extreme situations, which are common here.

Professionally important qualities:

Physical endurance.

Spatial imagination.

Observation.

Attention.

Logical and visual-figurative thinking.

Emotional and volitional stability.

Mathematical ability.

Independence and flexibility of thinking.

Ability to work in irregular working hours.

Perseverance.

Below are the universities where you can get this profession:

KFU - Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University

5.Meteorologist.

The profession of a meteorologist is surrounded by a halo of romance, because they are indispensable participants in various expeditions; conduct observations at polar stations and high mountain plateaus, from aircraft, balloons and ocean liners. However, not romance, but strict objectivity in taking measurements and the high accuracy of their recording come to the fore in the profession of a meteorologist.

Meteorologists study the composition and structure of the atmosphere; heat circulation and thermal regime in the atmosphere and on the earth's surface, moisture circulation and phase transformations of water in the atmosphere, movement of air masses; electrical, optical and acoustic phenomena in the atmosphere. To brighten up some monotony of work allows a wide variety and variability of weather conditions; each time you have to deal with a new situation and solve new problems.

Professionally important qualities:

Analytic skills.

Accuracy.

Responsibility.

Patience.

Perseverance.

Observation.

Teamwork skills.

Providence.

Large amount of short-term memory.

The ability to predict.

Below are the universities where you can get this profession:

Russian State

hydrometeorological university

Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University

6. Hydrologist- explores the water cycle in nature, the impact of human economic activity on it; analyzes the regime of water bodies and the water regime of individual territories; gives an assessment and forecast of the state and rational use of water resources; participates in the design and monitoring of reservoirs, hydroelectric power stations, canals, irrigation facilities, sea dams, river dams and bridges, ports, beaches, water intakes for settlements and enterprises; compiles catalogs of water bodies

Below are the universities where you can get this profession:

Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov - Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov

TSU - National Research Tomsk State University

7. Mine surveyor- a mining engineer or technician, a specialist in spatial and geometric measurements in the bowels of the earth and on the corresponding sections of its surface, followed by an image on plans, maps and sections during mining and geological exploration

Below are the universities where you can get this profession:

National Mineral Resources

University "Mining"

National Research Technological University MISiS (Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys) (NITU MISiS Mining Institute)

1.5. Among professional geographers there were and are well-known generals, admirals, statesmen, writers, TV presenters, journalists... For example:

Nikolai Drozdov (host of the TV program "In the Animal World"),

Alexander Belyaev ("chief telesynoptician" on television),

Ivan Zatevakhin (TV and radio host of programs about animals),

Fedor Konyukhov (famous navigator and lone traveler),

Vadim Glusker ( own correspondent NTV in France)

Alexander Kondakov (general director of the publishing house "Enlightenment"),

Boris Sokolov (a well-known Russian writer on military-political topics),

Jacques-Yves Cousteau (world-famous oceanographer, inventor of scuba gear),

Augusto Pinochet (military dictator of Chile)

Crown Prince Harry of England (son of Princess Diana and Prince Charles)

and many, many others.

Among the abundance of geographical specialties there are "old" and "new", "male" and "female", the most and least popular.

The highest competition at the Faculty of Geography of Moscow State University. Lomonosov have such specialties as world economy, geoinformatics, regional policy, tourist geography. And at Moscow State Pedagogical University, the specialty "teacher of geography and English" becomes very prestigious. Military geography is taught at the Academy of the General Staff (military weather forecaster, military cartographer, photogrammetrist-interpreter of aerospace reconnaissance.)

Conclusion:

In my work, I analyzed the professions related to geography and found out why they serve us. I found out what qualities a person needs for work. I realized that work related to geography is not only useful and difficult, but also interesting. I think my work will be of interest to many people who have not decided on a profession and may prompt them to choose one of the above. Work results

Many different professions exist in the world, which are based on knowledge of geography. Of course, it is impossible to tell about everything in one workPractical significance

Based on the information received and the conclusions drawn, I plan to produce and distribute booklets about professions related to geography. This will help students decide on their choice of profession and show greater interest in studying geography.

Bibliography:

1. Public Educational Institution "Omsk Center for Career Guidance"

2. Wikipedia.

3. Universities of Russia

4. SHKOLNIKU.ru Metropolitan Career Guidance Center "Reasonable Choice"

Sections: Geography

Geography helps to see the world as it is, to make the right choice of life path. The course "World of Professions" is aimed at a detailed study of professions in the field of energy, communications, mining, oceanology, meteorology, etc. This course will help students identify their interests and opportunities, find their place in life and choose their future profession.

This course will teach students how to make decisions in situations, educational and real.

The course "World of Professions" is provided with educational and auxiliary materials:

• Subscription popular science series “Your profession”.
• Encyclopedias.
• Reference books for entering educational institutions.
• Collection of tests "How to choose a profession".
• Maksakovskiy V.P. "Historical geography of the world".
• Plisetsky E.L. "Commercial Geography of Russia".
• Kucher T.V. "Medical Geography".
• Crosswords.
• Selections of materials about various professions.
• Internet resources.

The course will require 17 hours of study time.

The purpose of the course: the formation of a more complete understanding of the professions related to geography, the preparation of students for the choice of a future profession, the deepening of knowledge in physical and economic geography.

Course objectives:

• to give schoolchildren a system of knowledge about professions related to geography in order to prepare young people for active participation in practical activities, understanding the need to acquire knowledge;
• promote professional orientation of schoolchildren;
• to form in students a positive attitude towards work as the highest value in life, education of diligence, duty and responsibility, purposefulness.

Students should know:

1) the composition of professions related to geography;

2) personality traits that need to be developed to master a particular profession;

3) what knowledge is necessary for mastering professions.

Students should be able to:

1) correctly determine their professional qualities and interests;

2) apply the knowledge gained in the lessons of physical and economic geography when studying the course.

Brief description of the program structure

I. Introduction (1 hour)

Purpose: formation of responsibility for independent choice, development of motivation for educational activities.

• to form creative abilities aimed at mastering future profession;
• to cultivate a sense of personal responsibility for their future and the future of our civilization.

Professions past, present and future.

How to correctly determine your interests and opportunities, find your place in life and choose your future profession. Requirements for an employee in the market conditions. High qualification is the most important quality of a modern worker.

ІІ. Professions related to physical geography (8 ocloc'k)

Purpose: formation of knowledge about professions related to physical geography.

• update students' knowledge of physical geography;
• increase students' interest in studying geography as a science related to a possible future profession;
• on the example of people who have achieved remarkable success in their professional activity, to form the best human qualities: purposefulness, devotion to one's work, diligence, respect for all manifestations of life.

Cartographer is one of the oldest professions. Acquaintance with the profession of topographer, geodesist. The special significance of the profession of a topographer at the present time.

Geologist, hydrogeologist, hydrographer, geophysicist, surveyor, marine geologist - professions associated with the search for minerals and other natural resources. Mining engineer, mining foreman, mine surveyor, sinker, driller, machinists of various units and mechanisms, concentrator - professions associated with the extraction of resources. Professions related to the restoration of the territory in the places of mining - ecologist, reclamator. Successes of Russian geologists in discovering the mineral resources of our country. New challenges facing modern geology in connection with the need for rational nature management.

Meteorologist and Hydrometeorologist profession, the future. Where meteorologists and hydrometeorologists work. Requirements that meteorology and hydrometeorology impose on specialists.

Maritime professions– new and old: marine geologist, hydrographer, lithologist, geophysicist, hydrochemist, aquanaut, diver. Professions designed to protect and preserve the ocean: phytoplanktonologist, botanist and zoologist, biochemist and physiologist, ecologist and evolutionist. A fish farmer and a malacologist are marine “gardeners and farmers”.

Hunting economy and jaeger service. What is animal protection and what is hunting? Hunting inspector, huntsman, hunter: special requirements for personality traits. The social significance of these professions.

Rare Professions: pastiger, titestor, snake-catcher.

Outstanding professionals: E.V. Toll, N.N. Urvantsev, V.I. Fersman, S.V. Obruchev, Yu.A. Bilibin, F.N. Chernyshev, I.P. Kulibin, V.I. Vernadsky, D.I. Mendeleev, A.I. Voeikov, I.A. Kibel, Kozma Frolov, Jacques Yves Cousteau, M.M. Kozhov, O.M. Kozhova and others.

The need of the Irkutsk region in professions related to physical geography.

Where can I get professions related to physical geography.

Practical work (4 hours)

1. “How a map is created”. Creation of maps using computer technology.

2. "Geologists in the Far North". Development of projects for expedition routes for the discovery and development of new mineral deposits.

3. Development of the project “Guide to the profession”

4. Development of the project “Guide to educational institutions”.

5. Development of a "Code of Honor" for people of various specialties.

III. Professions related to economic geography (8 hours)

Purpose: formation of knowledge about professions related to economic geography.

Tasks:

update knowledge of economic geography;

prepare students for active participation in practical economic activity;

to form schoolchildren's conviction in the need to obtain economic knowledge;

increase students' interest in studying economic geography;

to form in children independence of thinking, consciousness, validity of judgments, initiative;

develop active citizenship.

Material production is the basis of society. Brief description of the system of economic sciences. Professions related to the economy: economist, accountant, bank employee. Entrepreneur. How to become an entrepreneur. Education required for entrepreneurial activity.

power engineer is the profession of the future. Energy means "activity".

Power engineers are looking for energy. On rivers and hydropower. The atom serves man.

Wind power. Geothermal energy. Solar energy. Ocean energy. Where to go to study.

“You are the brother of the wind and the sun.” Professions: geologist, surveyor, master driller. Where to go to study.

Professions of a machine tool builder: designer, technologist, turner, miller, borer, assembler, turner. What should be a machine tool specialist. Where to go to study.

They conquer steel. The profession of an electrometallurgist. The future of the profession.

Tea growers. Who works in a tea factory. The mystery of turning green leaves into tea. Titester - tea taster. Specialists in mechanized withering of tea. Tea sorter, technologist, tea processing line operator .. Where to go to study.

Professions in light industry: children's toy constructor, designer, watchmaker, jeweler and others.

Past, present and future postal professions workers. Achievements of various sciences in providing the population with fast, reliable, highly efficient and diverse communications. The role of information technology in the XXI century. Our country is on the way to a post-industrial society and the development of communications and information networks is of particular importance. Postal operator, photo operator, communication lines electrician, television equipment electrician, email operator and others.

The most important agricultural professions.

1. Professions in crop production: agronomist, agrochemist-soil scientist, laboratory assistant-agrochemist, field grower, horticulturalist, arborist, agronomist and others.

2. Professions in animal husbandry: veterinarian, veterinarian, livestock specialist.

3. Professions for the maintenance and repair of agricultural machinery: mechanical engineer and mechanical technician for agriculture and animal husbandry, mechanic for repairing tractors and cars, and others.

4. Professions in economics and organization of agriculture: accounting economist, accountant, farm management workers.

Business and entrepreneurship in agriculture. What should be an entrepreneur in agricultural production? Knowledge necessary for entrepreneurial activity in agricultural production. Where to go to study.

The need of the Irkutsk region in professions related to economic geography. Where to go to study?

Practical work (5 hours)

1. Drawing up a presentation of professions related to economic geography.

2. Development of the project “Where to go to study”.

3. Development of a model of the "ideal" type of entrepreneur-peasant.

5. Excursion to the Exhibition Complex of Irkutsk.

IV. Profession of the future: my choice (1 hour)

Defense of the projects “Profession of the future: my choice”.

 

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