My favorite profession is coach message. Who is a Coach? Pitfalls, obvious disadvantages

Big money is big money. This is understandable to any even unsportsmanlike person. Perhaps that is why it seems to people that golden rain is pouring not only on the stars of the NHL or Russian football, but also on those who are more or less involved in records and sports victories. There is some truth in this belief - professionals who train champions, restore them from injuries or comment on their performances in front of a multi-million television audience are in demand and also earn good money.

1. Sports coach

This direction of training is intended for people with a large supply of vitality and energy, as well as with good physical fitness. A sports coach directs the training of teams or individual athletes. On his shoulders lies a huge responsibility: based on the physical abilities, psychology of a particular person, he needs to choose an individual training plan and physical activity that will lead the athlete to the status of a champion. The duties of the coach also include the development of tactics, a selection of the most effective methods of work and exercises. In individual sports, a coach is not only a sports leader, but also a close person to whom you can turn for help and advice. In team sports, this is a person who supports the team spirit, an excellent strategist and psychologist. The salaries of these specialists are a separate issue: an athletics coach at a children's sports school will receive about 10,000 rubles a month, and the salaries of coaches from leading football clubs are not even spoken aloud.

Education

In Voronezh, there is a specialized university that trains personnel in the professional sports field - the Voronezh State Institute of Physical Culture (VGIFC). As a rule, entrance tests for future coaches are biology, physical education and Russian, as well as an exam in the chosen specialization (for example, rhythmic gymnastics, football or skiing). And, finally, the most important thing: for admission to specialized universities, an applicant is required to have a sports category: for example, Russian State University physical culture (RSUPC) considers candidates not lower than the first category, and the Moscow state academy physical culture (MGAFK) - not lower than the second. And even despite the high requirements, the competition in the leading sports universities is large - from 2 to 9 people per place. The most popular profession is football coach.

What you need to know and be able to

Coaching is not an easy job, it requires organizational talent, self-confidence and leadership qualities.

Scene

Senior students do practice in sports institutions - most often these are youth sports schools, comprehensive schools or sports clubs. Novice specialists are willingly taken here, but only the circle of applicants is small - the payment is so small that most graduates do not work in their specialty. The place of work also directly depends on the qualifications of the athlete - those who have achieved great success in sports train children's and youth teams and thus begin to build a career. Today, graduates of coaching departments can work as instructors in fitness, yoga, and martial arts. The salary in private sports centers averages 20 thousand rubles, but again it varies depending on the experience of the candidate and often on the status of the fitness club.

2. Sports psychologist

Sports psychologists in our country - a rarity. “The duties of a sports psychologist may include psychodiagnostics, monitoring the psychoemotional state of athletes, developing individual psychological training programs, counseling, conducting psychological trainings, and much more, for example, predicting a sports result based on an analysis of a retrospective of individual records,” says Olga, Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor Olga Tiunova.

Education

The direction of training "Psychology" exists only in one metropolitan university - RSUPC. But you can graduate from the faculty of psychology of any university in the Chernozem region and further successfully specialize in the direction of sports psychology.

What you need to know and be able to

It is necessary to be a specialist in the field of practical psychology and understand the basics of physical education and sports, have leadership qualities, and be able to analyze a lot of diverse information.

Scene

There are practically no sports psychologists in the national teams of our country, to say nothing of the Youth Sports School and other institutions of a sports profile. But their time has come! Athletes, coaches, and heads of sports federations understand this. A sports psychologist can work not only with athletes, but also with the coaching staff, parents of young athletes and will always be useful to those people who set themselves highly significant personal or social goals.

3. Sports journalist

Sports journalists can work in magazines, newspapers, broadcast programs and reports on radio and TV, as well as work as sports commentators and press service specialists. Someone chooses to work in the state and receives a fixed monthly salary, while someone is freelancing and writing for several publications at once. In this case, payment depends solely on the quality and quantity of work performed.

Education

Journalism faculties exist in many universities of the Chernozem region, for example, in Voronezh State University, BelSU, etc. At the Faculty of Journalism, within the framework of the program professional retraining there are nine-month courses in the specialty "sports journalist", the cost is about 80 thousand rubles. RSUPC has a department of "Philology and sports journalism".

What you need to know and be able to

A sports journalist is required to have absolute knowledge of the sport with which he works. Soccer.ru correspondent Maria Ivanova says: “A person who wants to work in this area of ​​journalism needs to know sports specifics, terminology, and history. If you go to work, you need to have connections in this area and regularly replenish your phone book. You must have your own independent opinion, and it must be interesting to people. Well, of course, you need to be obsessed with your profession - nothing will work without it.

Scene

As a rule, studying at the faculty of journalism implies regular practice: without a certain number of publications, it is impossible to get a diploma. Therefore, most of the students by the fifth year already have work experience. Graduates of the leading universities of the Central Black Earth region are willingly hired both for student practice and for work in major publications and TV channels. Starting salaries for those who graduated from such universities, as a rule, are 10-12 thousand rubles a month and more. In general, a graduate of the faculty of journalism has many options for work - from the press service of a football club to an NTV + correspondent: it all depends only on the person and his professional acumen.

4. Sports doctor

As such, sports doctors do not exist - this means a whole group medical specialties related to sports. This group includes manual therapy, traumatology, exercise therapy, sports pharmacology and much more. The work of a doctor in this field is well paid, but wage directly depends on the place, work experience, and academic degree. It is worth noting that graduates of specialized medical universities, such as the Voronezh State Medical Academy. N. N. Burdenko (VSMA) and (KSMU).

Education

To work as a doctor in the field of sports, you need to get an education in the specialties "Therapeutic exercise and sports medicine", "Rehabilitation medicine" or, for example, "Manual therapy". But this requires a higher education in the specialty "Medicine" or "Pediatrics", as well as to have several years of postgraduate education behind: internship and residency. Specialists in the last two specialties are trained by VSMA and KSMU. At the Faculty of Medicine of RUDN University, internship and residency training is conducted. But not only medical universities are engaged in the training of sports doctors, the RSUPC also has the departments of "Therapeutic exercise of massage and rehabilitation", "Sports medicine", "Theory and methods of adaptive physical culture".

What you need to know and be able to

As a rule, doctors working in the sports field deal mainly with traumatology and rehabilitation medicine. A doctor may specialize in first aid during competitions or long-term recovery work with injured athletes. The range of knowledge required for this specialty is very extensive and requires many years of theory and practice.

Scene

Traumatologists, chiropractors, post-traumatic rehabilitation specialists can work, for example, in scientific and practical sports medicine centers. A university graduate can get a job in a sports school, in the staff of sports teams, in a rehabilitation center, in a city hospital, and even in a private fitness club. The range of salaries is quite wide: for example, a chiropractor can earn up to 40-50 thousand per month, depending on work experience and academic degree, and the income of a traumatologist starts from 15 thousand rubles.

5. Sports manager

This specialty  today is a piece goods for our country. The tasks of a sports manager include solving a variety of problems: organizing the activities of sports clubs and athletes, working with journalists, resolving questions about buying and selling players, and much more. Education in the specialty "Sports Management" can be obtained, for example, in VGIFK.

6. Greenkeeper

This is a rare, valuable and highly paid specialty, which is taught in special courses. A greenkeeper is a person responsible for the quality of sports turf. In golf it is highest category agronomists, who must have a whole range of knowledge to create playing fields whose standards are very high. You can complete courses in this specialty at the training center "School of Greenkeepers" (Moscow). Higher education in the related field "Agronomy" can be obtained at the Voronezh State Agrarian University.

7. Director of theatrical performances and holidays

The only institute that trains specialists in this area is RSUPC. Perhaps that is why there are very few such specialists. A person who graduated from the institute in the direction of training "Direction of theatrical performances and holidays" can organize both children's sports holidays, and the Olympiad - it all depends on his work experience and, of course, the professional level.

Despite the fact that very often coaches remain in the shadow of their star students, it is to them that athletes owe their achievements. This complex and responsible work has many features and nuances, which we will talk about today.

IN modern society actively promoted healthy lifestyle, an integral part of which are sports. At the same time, regardless of whether you go in for sports professionally or to maintain your health, training is a certain set of exercises aimed at achieving your goal. And only a trainer can choose the most optimal and effective exercises that meet both your requirements and physical capabilities.

In other words, despite the fact that very often coaches remain in the shadow of their star students, it is to them that athletes owe their achievements. This complex and responsible work has many features and nuances, and its development requires great effort and knowledge from candidates not only in the field of sports, but also in pedagogy. We will talk today about what a coach should know and be able to do, as well as about the varieties of this profession.


Who is a coach?

(from English to train - to train, train) - a specialist professionally engaged in the education and training of athletes. As a rule, he is an expert in a particular sport, and his duties include identifying, developing and improving the abilities of the wards.

The history of the origin of the profession goes back to the distant past. Even in ancient times, people organized various sports competitions, and their participants were trained according to special methods that allow them to train strength and endurance. Let us recall the famous gladiator fights in the Colosseum, for the preparation of which experienced military instructors were invited, or the tradition of holding the Olympics in Ancient Greece, which resumed in the 20th century and is still maintained. Each victory or achievement has always been largely the merit of the coach.

To date, there are two main varieties of this profession: a sports coach and fitness trainer.

Fitness trainer - expert in healthy lifestyle life, which helps his client achieve the desired results: for example, gain muscle mass, lose weight or become more resilient. Usually they work in sports complexes and conduct either individual or group classes. Today, trainers in fitness, Pilates, aerobics, yoga, dancesport, etc. are very popular. The main responsibilities of a fitness trainer include:

  • identification of customer needs;
  • drawing up a training program (individual selection of the necessary exercises and the volume of loads);
  • demonstration of the correct implementation of a set of exercises;
  • monitoring the effectiveness of client training;
  • choosing an appropriate diet.

Coach- a person who works with beginners and professional athletes, on whose efforts their sporting achievements and future careers depend. His duties vary depending on the sport in which he specializes, but most often the work is multifaceted and requires a wide range of knowledge and skills from a professional. The main responsibilities of a sports coach include:

  • competent selection of a training regimen, load distribution, determination of an effective set of exercises;
  • drawing up a nutrition plan, diet;
    theoretical and psychological training of athletes, motivation;
  • control of the correctness and regularity of the exercises;
  • preparation for competitions and participation in them;
  • primary medical care in case of injuries, monitoring the health of the ward.


What personal qualities should a coach have?

A coach is, first of all, a standard and an example to follow. That's why mentor he himself must be a professional in his field. Physical and mental health is very important in the profession. The coach must always:

  • be in good shape
  • take care of yourself
  • improve regularly
  • demonstrate willpower, physical strength and endurance.

The professional trainer has high speed reactions, good coordination and motor memory.

Since not every competition ends with success for an athlete, the key qualities of a coach are the ability to overcome setbacks, be restrained and support the athlete, motivating him to more intensive training.

It is possible to contribute to the achievement of sports results only by being a purposeful person. Need to love sport, but at the same time not be a fanatic, rationally assessing the situation, the abilities of his ward and his own work. The coach must be able to influence the athlete, and also know when to stop in time to avoid negative consequences.

The important qualities of a coach also include communication skills, level of education and good manners. In the work of a sports coach, it is very often necessary to interact not only with the athletes he coaches, but also with media representatives, various organizations and institutions, and communication skills in this case play an important role.

Quite often traveling nature of work and a busy training schedule lead to a great psycho-emotional load, which requires a high level of stress resistance from the coach, the ability to concentrate and continue working in extreme situations.


Benefits of being a coach

The best reward for their work, most coaches consider the high results of their wards. During any competitions they worry about their team or a particular athlete, and sometimes they rejoice in victory even more than the participants themselves. They love sports and get great moral satisfaction from the opportunity to be a part of it.

For sports coaches great advantage is public recognition and reputation in the sports field. They are interviewed, take into account the opinion on a particular sporting event, listen to advice and recommendations.

It should be noted that with each victory of an athlete, the demand for the services of his mentor increases significantly, therefore, the cost of the work of a particular coach also rises. An international class professional can count on a multi-million dollar contract and work in the most famous sports clubs.

The work of a fitness trainer can also be attributed to profitable activities. And although his income is directly affected not so much by the sports achievements of clients as by the number of classes held, a true professional can easily earn a sandwich with black caviar. A good coach has classes scheduled many weeks in advance, and with many clients he conducts individual classes, which are much more expensive than group ones. On average, the salary of a fitness trainer ranges from 300-700 rubles per hour, but it all depends on his experience and qualifications. It is also possible to get a job as a personal instructor of public people, and thus significantly increase your income.

Having a lot of experience coaching, own awards and achievements, you can think about starting your own business. Today, sports sections or circles are in great demand among the population, so a properly built position will bring good profit.

Disadvantages of being a trainer

The disadvantages of the profession include a large physical and emotional stress. Typically, a coach has a very tight training schedule, and during the periods of preparation for competitions, he does not have such concepts as a day off or a holiday.

Participation in regional / regional competitions, national or world championships involves business trips and requires a lot of time spent on the road. Therefore, the coach cannot plan personal leisure and is often away from the family.

Since in sports there are not only victories, but also defeats, the coach sometimes has to go through difficult periods filled with criticism from the fans directed at him and the disappointment of the athletes. In some cases, wards get seriously injured or leave the sport for own will, and then the coach has to look for a new "sports star".

It is difficult to become a good coach if you do not have the necessary experience. Education alone is not enough here, you also need to have your own achievements in sports. Success in this field of activity comes already in adulthood.

Where can you get a coaching job?

Coaching staff consists mainly of former athletes who do not want to quit what they love. However, not every athlete can retrain as a coach.

A coach is first and foremost a teacher. This means that he must have special pedagogical skills that allow him to train athletes. In addition, he must have knowledge in the field of medicine, psychology and the basics of physiology.

To become a professional trainer, you need to get a higher education either at a specialized university or at one of the universities where there is Faculty of Physical Education. The most popular specialized educational institutions in Russia are:

  • National State University of Physical Culture, Sports and Health named after P. F. Lesgaft (St. Petersburg);
  • Kuban State University of Physical Culture;
  • Siberian State University of Physical Culture and Sports (Omsk).

Image sources: crusfit.com, start-fit.ru, fitagat.com, m.by.tribuna.com

Trainer

It is much easier to achieve your goals in life if you take an example from any person, because at the same time you can better see where you need to go and what to strive for, what the results can be. It is best if a teacher or coach becomes such a person. A coach is a specialist in some business or sport, having experience, certificates, awards or titles, transferring his knowledge and skills to students.

The history of the emergence of the profession Trainer How did the profession originate? How did the profession develop?

The history of this profession begins in ancient times, when people first appeared. Some of them were more experienced in hunting, others - in collecting herbs and roots. They passed on their knowledge to other people, spread it, developed it and improved it. After all, students often surpass their teachers and coaches, if the latter teach really well. In the modern world, many people are interested in playing sports, building a business. Therefore, the profession of not only a sports coach, but also a business coach has gained wide popularity.

Significance for society The importance, meaning and social status of the profession

The coaching profession is very important for the development of society. This person teaches others by example how to reach the heights of success. Today, the director successfully manages his company, because yesterday the business coach gave him valuable advice helped me look at my business from a different perspective. The goal of a sports coach is to introduce young people to sports, a healthy life, without smoking and alcohol, by their own example.

Features of the profession Trainer The uniqueness and prospects of the profession

: The main thing for a coach is to be a professional in his field. If he is an athlete, then he must have sports victories, achievements, perhaps even medals and titles. A business coach needs experience in one of the leadership positions in their field. Mandatory for a trainer is not only practical, but also theoretical training, knowledge of psychology, the ability to lead a team, and pedagogical abilities.

"Pitfalls" of the profession Trainer All for and against the profession. Difficulties and features.

The main risk of the profession is when the coach overestimates his strength. Not every professional is given the ability to teach other people. If people who come to a training or training see the coach's lack of confidence, his knowledge gaps, this can result in the loss of clients and a damaged reputation.

Where and how to get a profession Trainer Where are the professions taught?

You can become a coach not as a result of a diploma, but on the basis of experience and knowledge. In the work of the trainer, pedagogical or psychological education can be useful, which will help the learning process.

A sports coach is one of the most respected professions in the world. It can be quite difficult to get into it, but in case of great success in this field, the material reward will fully correspond to the efforts expended. It is worth remembering the fees famous coaches football teams and boxers to see how high a coach can fly. Although, in any case, no higher than those he trains. But even here everything is relative.

Any coach is first and foremost an educator.

The coaching profession is complex in the full sense of the word. Often you have to work hard not only to improve the physiological performance of an athlete, but also to form a personality, concepts of responsibility, team spirit, sports ethics, and so on. This is especially true for coaches of children's and youth teams and national teams, where an educational and pedagogical component is added to the usual activities of a coach.

However, any coach is, first of all, a teacher, regardless of how old his wards are 40 or 14. And it is always necessary to prepare for the corresponding difficulties in advance. If teaching and improving someone is your calling, then you can safely strive for coaching.

The profession of a coach is also good because you can immediately see the results of your work. It is high motivation for many coaches that is more important than a high salary. It's good that in the modern world you can combine both. It is also important to be a strong personality, able to "attract" people to him, to inspire respect.

A coach is a "benchmark" that every athlete strives to surpass. And it is the coaches who prove that nothing is impossible in the sports world, because the main thing is work and willpower, which they work to improve every day.

Pros and cons of being a coach

To paraphrase a well-known statement, sport requires sacrifice. When choosing a career as a coach, be prepared for irregular working days, a very tight schedule (especially during competitions or preparation for them), and work even on weekends (not always). This is a well-known shortcoming of the profession. But in other way, flexible schedule leaves room for "maneuvering".

Coaching athletes is an interesting and in many ways even creative work. And it may well become a favorite thing in your life.

Also, this article will help prepare an essay, report or presentation about the profession.

Your profession is a coach

The modern system of sports training is a multifactorial system, which corresponds to interconnected and interdependent parts and sections of the book. But before talking about the structure of sports training, about its parts and sections, I consider it necessary to specifically say about the role of a professional coach.
You are a coach. Sports teacher. Educator. Sports youth teacher. You give her not only joy from the achieved sports successes, but also great, incomparable satisfaction from the feeling of strength, endurance, dexterity, from the acquired excellent health and high efficiency, from the consciousness of a developed will. Dear coach! What called you to this difficult but noble work of educating young people? I have talked about this with many coaches, beginners and veterans. For the most part, the answer was - "according to the vocation of the heart." This is very correct. After all, the profession of a coach is, first of all, a vocation, determined by a kind attitude and love for students, a desire to teach and educate them in the spirit of moral purity, spiritual wealth, physical and sports perfection. The lack of this kind of orientation in the work of a person who wants to become a coach should be an insurmountable obstacle to choosing this profession. Most big delusion- to see in the coach only a narrow specialist who prepares his pets for sports records. Unfortunately, this not only erroneous, but also harmful approach to the work of a coach is still encountered. When evaluating the activities of a sports mentor, one must understand that not all of his students become great athletes. But everyone, without exception, should become comprehensively developed, strong and courageous people. A highly qualified trainer can become a person who has dedicated his life to this profession. It is not necessary that he has previously been successful in sports. But it is always important for a future coach to go through the path of mastering the chosen sport in order to have a fairly specific idea about it. Of course, there are cases when a person who does not have a physical education and has not been involved in sports becomes a public coach. I know those who work with passion and success. But for this they had to work hard, mastering the required knowledge and skills in the order of self-education. By the way, for public trainers there is a great opportunity to study in absentia at the Institute of Physical Culture and, upon graduation, receive a diploma of higher education and coaching profession. Your path to professional excellence may not last more than one year. But as long as you have the strength and the desire to educate young people does not run out, you will constantly improve your knowledge, gain more and more experience, your plans will be more promising, the successes of students will be more significant. And the more interesting, the more exciting your work will be. You can say - there is a desire, I’m not afraid of work, and I love the guys, but there’s no stadium, no pool, no arena ... and in general, there is nothing for classes! But many coaches started from scratch. The most important thing to start with is the desire to study - yours and your students'. As I write these lines, I see the image of Viktor Ilyich Alekseev, a great coach, a hard worker, who went from a beginner in working with athletes to an internationally recognized sports teacher (for the first number he was issued a certificate of the Honored Coach of the USSR). I think that it will be interesting and instructive for you to hear about the beginning of his journey. It was summer in Leningrad. As a participant in the match between the track and field teams of Leningrad and Moscow, I left the stadium to warm up before the pole vault competition. IN AND. Lenin. On a wasteland, not far from the stands, I suddenly saw a motley group of teenagers attentively listening to Viktor Alekseev, the strongest javelin thrower at that time. He taught them athletics - to run, jump, throw, using the most primitive conditions and home-made shells. To my question about this group, Viktor Ilyich said: “More than once I watched the guys chase a rag ball and a tin can, enthusiastically throw a stick, who is farther away, and how they clumsily did it. I felt sorry for the guys, - continued Viktor Ilyich, - that they spend their time in such a disorganized way. And if their energy is directed towards training in athletics and education by work and by the team. Probably, this can be very useful for them, for growth, physical development and in general for the formation of real people. Now I am writing from memory, passing on the words of Viktor Ilyich, but I remember well the enthusiasm with which he spoke about the prospect of his work. No, he did not think then about the preparation of champions. This came later, of course, when the experience and knowledge accumulated by Viktor Ilyich merged with the work and enthusiasm of his students.

At the first stage of his work, he formed a group that soon became friendly team in which all students were trained in the technique of athletics. They all trained in the same wasteland near the stadium, only occasionally, by hook or by crook, they practiced in the sports arena. Viktor Ilyich liked to train on the ground, outside the city, in Kavgolovo. There he began to take out his pets, doing this years later, when his group turned into a well-known sports school, with assistant coaches - pupils of Viktor Ilyich. His famous student, Olympic champion, Honored Master of Sports Galina Zybina told me about the atmosphere of goodwill and enthusiasm that reigned in these Sunday trips to Kavgolovo. Here, training was combined with rest, lunch by the fire, learning songs, and interesting conversations. Usually there were two training sessions per day. They returned home late in the evening joyful, with a feeling of pleasant fatigue. The organizational skills of Viktor Ilyich, or rather his irrepressible desire, helped him to transfer his "amateur" group into the category of a sports school, get places for classes and expand the composition of the groups by inviting students from nearby schools. In our country, Viktor Ilyich Alekseev is remembered as a wonderful sports teacher who had great knowledge, experience and significant creative potential, who knew how to see a beautiful swan in the "ugly duckling" and skillfully applied modern methodology according to the individual needs of the students. famous today sport school in St. Petersburg bears the name of V.I. Alekseev and continues to work in the tradition of his mentor, bringing up athletes with excellent results and high moral character. Of course, you will have to learn to read special literature, learn in practice the methodology of training and training, delve into the individual characteristics of your wards, and creatively apply the training system. Therefore, they say that a modern coach, even of the highest rank, is constantly learning and must have extensive knowledge. First of all, you need to know the general provisions of the theory and methods of sports training, which will help to properly build classes with students, successfully educate and lead them to high sports results. At present, it can be argued with good reason that a modern, scientifically substantiated and practice-tested system of sports training (STP) should be used in any team of people involved. Everyone needs such a system - from beginners to highly qualified athletes. Another thing is that the flexibility of the system allows you to work in accordance with the individual characteristics of those involved (gender, age, character, level of preparedness). The main thing that changes in the system is the load on the body and the mental sphere of the student. Your role, the role of a coach, a mentor of sports youth, remains unchanged in the system of training of any athletes. Therefore, in the first section of this chapter, I consider it necessary to talk about your role, about what you should be. For the rest of my life, I will remember the arrival in our school, where I studied in 1920, of two physical education instructors who graduated from Vsevobuch courses. They taught us, boys, to perform exercises on gymnastic equipment, to ski, run and jump. These young, slender people, so deftly demonstrating various exercises, seemed to us unusual. With adoration and boundless trust we looked at them, caught every word, we wanted to imitate them, to be like them, to be just like them - dexterous, fit. Today, many years later, when I see this or that honored coach surrounded by young students and young people, I think less about the galaxy of athletes trained by them, and more about the good that they gave them as educators. Of course, the coach must lead students to the heights of sportsmanship, physical improvement and health. But how important it is not to lose sight of our first task - the task of educating a person. Very high demands are placed on you, the future coach. You are a teacher who educates morality, a psychologist who develops her volitional qualities, a hygienist who determines the regime of athletes, a physiologist who understands the processes that occur under the influence of training loads. You must know perfectly the theory of your sport, technique and tactics, teaching methods, means and methods of developing strength and endurance, speed and agility, courage and determination, planning, determining the magnitude of the load, and much more. Special knowledge is needed to prepare an athlete or a team for the competition, so that on the right day and hour they can reach the highest sports form. You should know that every coach who is in love with his profession and wholly devoted to the noble cause of educating young people can achieve the highest result - to train world-class masters, to replenish the national team of the country. This is confirmed by the expanding geography of the highest sportsmanship, the new names of famous coaches, the increasing representation of republics and cities in the Olympic teams. The athletic training system described in this book is not a recipe. Only creative comprehension of theoretical provisions, in relation to the individual characteristics of an athlete, to age and gender, character, physical and technical readiness, gives its results. You simply have to constantly study your students, their behavior and functionality, get acquainted with the conditions of life, work and study, find the optimal ratio of training work and rest. You must be aware of all the interests and aspirations of your pets. If we add to this that the system of sports training does not stand still, but is constantly being improved, that the flow of scientific and methodological literature is increasing, and the coach needs to constantly learn, it becomes clear how complex and diverse the activities of a sports teacher are. You should know that the rapid increase in sportsmanship is due to many factors. Here and the development of mass character, and the search for gifted youth, and the organization of special training for the strongest athletes, and much more. But the main role in this is played by the system of sports training. The more perfect it is, the more effective its application, the higher the achievements of athletes. That is why thousands of scientists, coaches, medical professionals, athletes and other professionals around the world are constantly working on the problems of the training system. Practical use of this system is the coach's business, your business. A doctor will help you. The participation of scientists is also desirable. But you are the main, indispensable bearer of scientific and methodological knowledge, pedagogical teaching and practical experience. You equip students with technique and tactics, give them strength and endurance, enrich them with knowledge and experience. You are a teacher, friend and adviser to an athlete. And no matter what heights he reaches (on this path, the athlete will also gain great knowledge and experience), you are a mentor for him, always a support, always more knowledgeable. I will not tire of repeating what an important role your knowledge in the field of theory and methodology of sports plays. They are the fundamental basis for a deeper understanding of the principles and provisions of the methodology, for a more effective implementation her in practice. In this book you will find much of what you need in your work. But that doesn't mean you have to stop at that level. It is necessary to constantly improve the training of your athletes, bring them to new results, master new levels of loads, combine them with optimal recovery, improve technique and tactics, and much more. important for you features of technique and tactics, methods of developing qualities corresponding to the sport. And there is the magnitude of the loads, expressed in numbers, and specific planning dates, and much more. It also deals with special training, the choice of means, methods and loads for it, examples of the preparation of the strongest athletes and teams are given. The area of ​​​​your knowledge also includes possession of an arsenal technical means used in modern sports. You must be proficient in measuring the actions and movements of athletes. Undoubtedly, you will really need the ability to use various equipment to fix the technique of movements, measure speed, strength and endurance, obtain kinematic and dynamic characteristics, determine ergometric costs and other indicators. Coaches in modern sports are increasingly using electronic equipment, not only fixing and controlling, but also accumulating data on athletes in a personal computer and predicting their potential. In the future, I will talk more than once about the various devices and equipment used in the process of training and training. Here I only focused your attention on the need to gradually acquire the appropriate equipment and learn how to work on it. You must also know the design and capabilities of the equipment, equipment and equipment required in your sport. As you can see, in all matters of sports training you cannot do without a scientific approach. You will be more and more convinced of how important it is to rely not only on the theory and methodology of sports training, but also on related sciences: anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, biomechanics, psychology. And never miss an opportunity to read books on pedagogy. A broad scientific outlook will certainly contribute to the emergence of new thoughts and ideas aimed at improving the process of education and sports training of your students. This is your creativity and it should be developed in every possible way. Do not shy away from the new ways and means that you have developed, but always stay on a solid foundation of scientifically and practically based provisions of the sports training system. Do not forget to create something new - you need to know well what was created earlier. As you can see, the requirements for the knowledge of a coach are very high. But don't be upset. After all, even the greatest coaches started from scratch. There would be a desire and diligence, and success in educating your students will not keep you waiting! A few words about the coach's intuition. Its presence is considered a privilege of talented coaches. It's not about talent. Intuition (from the Latin "look closely") - knowledge without detailed reasoning. Based on dialectical materialism, intuition is the result of previously acquired experience, skills, knowledge. The accumulated knowledge, experience and constant reflection on the main business of his life give the coach those insights that seem unexpected only at first glance. A coach is a sports teacher and mentor who often has a greater influence on his students than the school and parents. However, in all cases, the coach must work with them in contact. But when thinking about influencing students, you should start with yourself. You are an indisputable authority for your students, and always be an example for them. You must always watch your appearance . Fitted, clean sportswear in the classroom is also required for you. The disciples will not forgive you for appearing at least once in a sloppy look. Even outside of work. And, of course, you should not smoke, drink alcohol. I want to give you some advice about your discipline, smartness, manners. Keep the correct posture - a straight back, deployed shoulders, slightly raised head. A perfect example is gymnastics coaches and gymnasts themselves. Pay attention to your gait - it should be light and natural. Avoid sweeping gestures - let them be stingy, but expressive enough. Of course, when showing exercises - the amplitude of movements is corresponding. When talking, do not exaggerate facial expressions, do not laugh too loudly. In manners, do not be pretentious, do not try to be like anyone. Everyone has their own characteristics, and you be yourself. Equally significant is your speech, its turns, intonation. Speak kindly to students, as you would to your own children, and do not be verbose. Know how to listen, delve into what was said and then answer. Haste is a bad helper in your communication with students. Be restrained. Never raise your voice, shout or frighten. Do not use slang words and phrases. Excellent Russian language is also your strong pedagogical weapon. Do not punish students either with abusive words or physically (this is already punishable for you). You may have to take action for misconduct or violation of discipline in class, at home, at school. To do this, you have powerful means: suspension from training, participation in the competition, leaving the city with the team. And the most important means is discussion in a group. In his relations with his students, the coach must remember the famous saying of Sophocles: "Do not always say what you think, but always think what you say." Know how to be strict when circumstances require it. But your benevolence, affection for the students requires you in all cases to discuss violations, calmness and wise decisions that allow the guilty person to correct himself. Know how not to notice a small violation of the accepted routine, do not make comments over trifles. Take into account youthful cheerfulness, playfulness, unintentional deviations from the rules. If you often make comments and reprimands, you will lose a lot in your authority. Don't show your reaction to your team's loss or a student's loss in a competition. No matter how unpleasant it is for you, be restrained both during and after the competition. Any defeat in sports requires careful analysis and conclusions to improve the preparedness of athletes. That is why they say that "defeat is the way to victory." There is nothing worse than scolding and negative criticism of defeat. This is non-pedagogical and interferes with the proper education of athletes. Always proceed from the fact that the athletes really wanted to win, to achieve success. Always is objective reasons victories and failures, including a significant proportion of your participation. Coaching flaws always affect the students. So be fair, kind and objective. Do not understand the troubles that have occurred at the competition site, in the locker room, on the bus, refrain from hasty assessments, comments and conclusions. Give yourself time to think and students to discuss. Remember the words of folk wisdom: "A good word heals, and an evil word cripples." At one time, I really liked the decision of the sports leadership of the GDR, when, after the end of the Olympiad, they arranged a reception for the losers and, after analyzing their preparedness and participation in competitions, wished them success in the future. In your work, you yourself should feel how the students inspired by you are training with even greater perseverance. Do not miss the opportunity to praise the student if he deserves it. A kind word is one of the strongest means of education. Your student can hear gratitude before the formation, as well as the right to sew a ribbon on his sleeve - "merit" and the emblem of the club. These are great incentives. Give special honor to the student who wins any competition. Praise before the formation, a message in a wall newspaper or a large circulation newspaper, a diploma, a modest souvenir (their honored coach of the USSR V.I. Alekseev acquired at his own expense) is a great moral incentive for your athletes. It's good when you have developed a rewarding ritual. But do not get carried away with praising only the strongest, the most successful. It is very important to support those who are lagging behind in time, giving them a feasible task and praising them for what they have done. Pay special attention to the implementation of the principles of consciousness and activity. I will talk about them later, but here I remind you of the vital importance of athlete autonomy, which you need to create and maintain. You should be concerned about the consciousness of your students, for there should be no mechanical thoughtless execution of the training program by them. An athlete educates himself, develops, improves in all components of preparedness. You instruct him, explain and help him. The principle of conscience requires the athlete to know and understand all that he does in connection with training and participation in the competition. Here the words of the great Russian commander A.V. Suvorov: "Each soldier must understand his own maneuver." You must go to ensure that your beginners become more knowledgeable, experienced from year to year, and this is the key to their sports growth. Of course, it is easy for me to give advice, having many years of work behind me, first as a physical education instructor, then as a beginner coach, and then as a mentor of the strongest in the country's athletics team. By the way, my fifteen-year public work as chairman of the State Coaching Council at the USSR State Sports Committee provided rich opportunities to get to know the coaches and their work in different types sports. Therefore, my advice and recommendations reflect not only my personal experience, but also the generalized experience of leading domestic coaches. Yes, the work of a coach is not easy. Until late in the evening, you will have to develop training plans, write control materials in a journal, look through the latest methodological literature, prepare for the next class, try to find new ways to progress your students. And so day after day, month after month. And almost no days off. Indeed, on Saturdays and Sundays, either competitions or control estimates are usually held. But trust me, it's not hard. On the contrary, if you work honestly, creatively, fruitfully, then all worries are immediately forgotten, as soon as your students achieve at least small successes, rise one more step in their mastery. Love for young people, the desire to help them become strong, skillful and enduring - that's what leads the coach to a labor feat! And what could be more beautiful than to see the tangible results of your work, to see how physically weak, angular boys and girls turn, like clay in the hands of a skilled sculptor, into beautifully built, strong and courageous young people! That is why veteran coaches are so proud of their pets, who showed during the years of the Great Patriotic War not only excellent physical fitness, but also great moral strength, courage and heroism. That is why the current coaches are so proud of their students, who achieve great success in production, in science, and in education. Enthusiasm, boundless love for your profession - that's what will make you a real teacher!

^ The structure of the sports training system

If we describe the BSC as a whole, then this is a long-term, year-round, specially organized and controlled process of education, training and training according to the individual characteristics of an athlete and carried out during his active work in the conditions of pedagogical guidance and control, scientific medical-biological and logistical support, use means of recovery and effective organization. All these parts of the SSP are shown in Fig. 1. All parts of the SSP are inextricably linked and are carried out on the basis of the provisions, principles and rules set forth below. Such a system is used in all sports from beginner to the highest sportsmanship. In short, the system of sports training is a regular training sessions and competitions, during which your students master the technique and tactics, develop strength, endurance, speed, flexibility, develop moral and volitional qualities, gain experience and special knowledge. In a word, they increase their sports capabilities. And all this over a number of years. Add to this regular self-monitoring and medical examinations, as well as compliance with the correct regimen and hygiene requirements. Finally, take into account the conditions with which the training is associated. There are possible features of the BSC structure in connection with the sport (for example, a combination in unified system preparation of a rider and a horse in equestrian sports, a special role of equipment in shooting, automoto and gliding sports, increased requirements for the development of strong-willed qualities and ensuring safety in hang gliding and parachuting, etc.). On the BSC diagram, you can see that the path to the goal (sports result, victory in the competition) lies through the solution of a number of tasks expressed in specific indicators.

factors that determine the desired model characteristics of an athlete through the setting of specific tasks for all types of upcoming training, the choice of means, methods and magnitudes of loads, their distribution according to the forms of training and training days, through planning based on microcycles (MC), stages, periods and large cycles for over a number of years. Problem solving occurs in the process of preparation, organically associated with certain conditions and management. At the same time, the training process most often consists of the relationship and interaction of moral, psychological, technical-tactical, theoretical and integral, general and special physical training. The main of all types of training is an exercise in a chosen sport, synthesizing the results of applying all other types of training. For example, in sports games - this is game training; in wrestling, boxing, fencing - combat; in athletics - an exercise in a chosen form, etc. I called this training integral. The implementation of all types of training is carried out through education, training and training. I will briefly characterize these aspects of sports training. Education is the process of influence of a teacher, a team, public organizations, the media, many external conditions aimed at the consciousness and psyche of an athlete in order to form his personality and character, high ideological convictions and moral qualities, the ability to display courage and diligence, will and aspiration to victory. Education is always associated with the comprehension of pedagogical influences, introspection, conclusions and decision-making. Therefore, self-education plays such an important role. Teaching is the process of acquiring technical and tactical skills and abilities by students, developing physical qualities and mastering competitive abilities, theoretical knowledge, etc., directed by the teacher. Teaching, built on the conscious perception of pedagogical influences and an active attitude to this process, is always associated with self-learning. Training is a process of systematic performance of exercises in order to increase their effectiveness and increase the efficiency of the corresponding organs and systems of an athlete. You are in charge of the training, but it can be successfully carried out by an athlete if he has special knowledge and experience. This side of self-training must be constantly paid attention to. Here I will emphasize the interaction of parts: by teaching, you educate to a certain extent, by training, you educate and educate. Therefore, the division into education, upbringing and training is carried out on the basis of the predominant impact, the predominant orientation. As you know, the main means of preparation are exercises*. In the diagram, they are divided into groups and are performed using certain methods and load values. Restorative agents are also indicated. The following shows the main forms of training sessions and the microcycles made up of them. In turn, stages are made up of microcycles, and from them - periods united within a year into one or more large cycles. The scheme is completed by many years of preparation. The presented scheme gives only a general idea of ​​the structure of training. In what follows, this will be described in detail in an order convenient for assimilation and implementation. All parts and links of the BSC interact with each other through mental and physiological manifestations, through the movement

the active activity of an athlete, through the whole mode of his life. Consequently, only the athlete himself, while studying, training, participating in competitions, etc., implements the SSP in practice (Fig. 2). Before moving on to the content of sports training, I considered it necessary to dwell on some justifications for the process of acquiring preparedness by an athlete. This will help your students understand the reasons and mechanisms for positive changes in them, and will also help you train athletes at a higher level. Possibilities of your students in loads and laws of adaptation I have always told my students that "if they want, they will definitely achieve high sportsmanship and excellent physical development." This statement is based not only on the indisputable fact that almost every person has a natural inclination to any kind of sport. Talent is great, but I'll talk about it later. Sports experience shows that the most important thing is work. Our body, especially growing, has a remarkable ability to change, develop and improve under the influence of sports training. At the heart of sports training, as you know, is the repeated performance of exercises, the transfer of various kinds of loads, the repeated manifestation of the increased functions of the organs and systems of the athlete's body, including his consciousness and psyche, to various externally unusual and unfamiliar influences. All this is a functional load for an athlete, in response to which the athlete's body adapts to new requirements, improving and strengthening the performance of the organs and systems involved, that is, the body adapts (adapts) to the increased requirements placed on it.

Adaptation

Once scientists made such an experiment. The tip of the leaf of "bashful mimosa" was connected with a silk thread with a microdynamometer. You know that if you touch a mimosa leaf, it folds up. So the scientists measured the strength of the leaf in this movement. Then they threw the thread over a small block and attached a weight to its end. During the day, the experimenter touched the mimosa leaf several hundred times. The sheet then lifted the load, then lowered it and thus trained. And the load increased every day. And now, after a month of daily training, the strength of the sheet was again measured with a microdynamometer. Do you know how many times it has increased - 400! Why did I remember this. So that you tell your students about this wonderful ability of all living things to change, improve under the influence of external conditions, so that you create confidence in them that they can achieve high sports results. Scientists called this ability adaptation, that is, the adaptation of the organism to the conditions of the environment in which it is located, to the requirements that are placed on it. Physiologists, biochemists, morphologists, physicians and other scientists have shown the extreme complexity and diversity of changes and restructurings occurring in process of any adaptation of the body, including in sports.It seems that there is nothing left in the body that would not change in one way or another, in relation to new requirements under the influence of new loads. students, as a result of physical exercises, the volume of muscles increases, their strength increases, the heart strengthens and reduces the frequency of its contractions fluctuates, lung capacity increases and blood pressure decreases. There are other changes in better side. It is well known that a person can get used to significant physical exertion: high altitude conditions, tropical heat and cold of the Arctic. This is based on adaptation. Increasing the functional capabilities of your athletes, developing motor qualities, educating will and character, mastering sports techniques and tactics - everything that makes up their sports readiness in a complex - is also the result of adaptation under the influence of repeated and increasing demands and effects of sports training. And that's what's important. The features of this adaptation exactly correspond to the type and nature of the work. For example, repeated repetition of jumping exercises to the greatest extent increases the explosive strength of muscles, their elasticity, and develops the ability to concentrate efforts during repulsion. Long-term work mainly strengthens and increases the capabilities of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, educates endurance and will. But exercises with a barbell significantly increase muscle volume and strength. Such adequacy (strict correspondence) is considered the most important regularity of adaptation. This is what allows you to accurately and purposefully lead the training process. Two statements follow from this regularity. First, the choice of means, methods and loads must strictly correspond to the tasks set. Therefore, each exercise, each training work, each step in the preparation of your student should give only what he needs in connection with the improvement in the chosen sport, which contributes to the improvement of sportsmanship. Work that does not correspond to the tasks of training is not just superfluous, it is an expenditure of energy and neuropsychic forces, which must be so carefully spent in the preparation of a modern athlete. Therefore, you must be fully aware of the tasks set, of what you want to achieve. The second is the growth of special training loads and influences, including. exceeding competitive ones, should be carried out in compliance with the adequacy of the chosen sport, with an understanding of the kinematic and dynamic characteristics * of training exercises that are adequate to competitive ones. They are quite mobile and retain their essential features only in a certain range. The size of the range is different in different sports. For example, the range is very large in running, where the basic essence of the action does not change with small and maximum speeds. But in the performance of somersaults, the range is very small, it is only necessary to weaken the efforts during repulsion, and the exercise will not be done completely, i.e. the nature of the action will change. It follows from the above that exercises aimed at increasing the functional capabilities of an athlete and related technical skills and mental qualities should be performed within the range of adequacy.

* With regard to sports, kinematics is a section of biomechanics in which the movement of the body and its parts is studied from the geometric side, abstracted from the causes that cause it. On the basis of kinematic data, the positions, amplitudes and trajectories of individual points of the athlete's body, angular and linear velocities and accelerations are determined. The external picture of sports technique, which expresses the entire kinematics of the athlete's movements, is often called the form of movements. In relation to the movements of an athlete, dynamics is a section of biomechanics in which these movements are studied, taking into account the internal and external forces. The dynamic characteristic includes: the muscle strength shown in different modes, the resistance of antagonist muscles, the elasticity and elasticity of muscle tissues, gravity and inertia, the interaction of body mass, reaction forces, dynamics
Features of adaptation dynamics The dynamics of adaptation is shown in the figures only conditionally. In fact, the development of these processes is much more complicated. But from the point of view of sports practice, it is especially important to accurately determine the phase of hypercompensation in which you can set a similar or greater load according to

 

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