How to become a farmer from scratch farming. How to open a farm? Registration of entrepreneurial activity

Under the targeted state program, you can get a subsidy for the development of farming in the amount of 1 to 4 million rubles. It is valid until 2020, thousands of family farms and start-up entrepreneurs have already received grants.

Any individual entrepreneur and organization can be engaged in the production, processing and sale of agricultural products. However, for the agricultural sector, special conditions and special forms of management. How to become a farmer, what kind of enterprise to create in order to receive development subsidies, tax incentives, cheap loans? To make an informed choice, you need to pay attention to such points as:

ways of organizing a peasant farm (KFH);
taxation, social payments to off-budget funds;
profitable state support programs for agricultural producers.

Features of KFH: which form is better to choose

It should immediately be noted that legal status KFH is dualistic. Since 1990, they have been created in the form of legal entities, and since 1994 - as individual entrepreneurs without forming a legal entity. In 2003, Law No. 74-FZ “On a Peasant (Farmer) Economy” was adopted, where it is defined as a family-related association of citizens by agreement. However, since 2012, such a voluntary education has the right to create entity- KFH-YUL.

Thus, now officially there are three types of farms. For their organization, it is necessary to fulfill following conditions:

engaging in the production of agricultural products, as well as its processing, storage, transportation and sale;
personal participation in the activities of the economy, regardless of the presence (absence) of family relations.

How do they differ from each other?

IP registered by the head of the KFH, and acting solely.

In accordance with the law, a peasant farm can be organized by one person. In this case, he is not much different from other entrepreneurs, but acquires the advantages of his special status. IP registration is carried out as usual. Simultaneously with the submission of the general package of required documents, two applications are filled out at once: N P21001 and N P21002 - for the KFH. An entrepreneur can work alone on the farm, or involve employees as an employer.

KFH based on an agreement (without the formation of a legal entity).

Such an economy is created as a contractual association of persons related by family relations or kinship. Outsiders can be no more than 5 people. The property is in common joint or shared ownership, this is prescribed in the agreement. It also indicates the elected head of the peasant farm, which must have the status of an individual entrepreneur. He makes all transactions on behalf of the economy, is his official representative in all bodies. In order for all participants to be registered as members of a farm, an agreement is submitted to the Federal Tax Service.

Anyone who voluntarily leaves the farm loses the right to land and tools of production. He only gets monetary compensation, proportionate to its part in common property, and within 2 years after the exit bears subsidiary liability for total debts within its share. In fact, this form differs from an individual farm in more complex property relationships, and the need to pay insurance premiums for each participant.

KFH as an organizational and legal form of a legal entity (Article 86.1 of the Civil Code).

In this case, it forms commercial organization on the basis of membership - a corporate legal entity. The presence of family ties is not mandatory, but all other conditions must be met:

the company operates in the field of agriculture;
only a member of a peasant farm can be a member of the organization;
each of the partners must make a property contribution;
all partners are obliged to take a personal part in the work.

The owner of the property is the KFH. However, unlike, for example, from an LLC, the law provides for subsidiary liability of its members for the obligations of the economy, and not limited by size. There is one more feature. A commercial organization may participate in any transactions, become bankrupt or liquidate. But for a land plot there is a rule: it can be sold at public auction only to those who will continue to use it for agricultural production.

These restrictions make the "legal entity" inferior. KFH-LE is more like a simple partnership, however, in the latter, all participants have the status of individual entrepreneurs. The only plus is that family relationships are not required. In practice, this condition is observed only for old organizations formed before 1994. Now, first, it is required to create a KFH by agreement, after which it acquires the right to register as a legal entity. Such farm business has more restrictions than ordinary business.

Right problem. There are no provisions in the law that allow forcibly excluding a member of a peasant farm from the participants, as is allowed for other commercial organizations. Therefore, it is impossible to get rid of a partner who does not fulfill his duties, or who has caused losses to the economy. He can leave the farm only by own will(Article 1, No. 74-FZ). This applies to both a voluntary association by agreement and a legal entity.

Taxation of agricultural producers and benefits

Any enterprise engaged in the agro-complex, including a farm, has the right. It is paid at a rate of 6% (income minus expenses), and is additionally beneficial in that losses due to crop failure can be included in the expenses. Such payers are exempt from taxes on income, income individuals(personal income tax), on property, VAT. Benefits do not apply to income taxed at a rate of 30% and customs goods. However, the KFH has the right to apply any other taxation system: general (OSNO) or simplified taxation (STS), if they consider it more appropriate.

With regard to contributions to pensions and medical insurance (PFR, FFOMS), no exceptions are allowed. The head pays for himself, as an individual entrepreneur, and for members of a peasant farm, although they do not have such a status. The only relief is a fixed amount, regardless of the amount of income. So, if the agreement was signed by 5 people, then the amount increases by 5 times. For employees, all taxes and social contributions are paid as usual, depending on the size of the salary. When one of the members of the peasant farm is registered as an individual entrepreneur, for example, to engage in another type of activity, the head of the farm must still pay insurance premiums for him.

State subsidies to reimburse part of the costs of paying for seeds, electricity, equipment can be received not only by a farmer, but also by an ordinary entrepreneur working on common system. However, the heads of peasant farms do not pay taxes on them, and individual entrepreneurs are taxed at a general rate of 13% in terms of all income received, including material benefits (Letter of the Ministry of Finance N 03-04-05 / 34876 of 08/26/2013).

Participation in state support programs for peasant farms

Within the framework of the State Program for the Development of Agriculture ... for 2013-2020, there is

11 subroutines. They provide for a variety of forms of support: concessional loans, coverage of losses, expenses for land registration, purchase of equipment, gasification, restoration of irrigation systems, and so on. Their implementation is carried out by the Ministry of Agriculture, the Association of Peasant Farms (AKKOR). Detailed information can be found on official websites.

Each region approves its own action plan, develops its own targeted program, which is approved by the Ministry of Agriculture. The conditions for participation in competitions for grants and subsidies are published on the websites of local administrations. Applicants must submit a business plan for the development of the economy, the selection is made directly in the region (Fig. 1). For example, consider three of them.

1 "Support for start-up farmers for the period 2012-2014"

In 2013, 76 regions participated in it, 2 billion rubles were allocated for it, and almost 3,000 farmers received grants. For 2015, an amount of 3.2 billion rubles was allocated, 3,500 start-up entrepreneurs received the money, the average amount per farm was 1.14 million rubles.

2 "Development of family livestock farms".

70 subjects of the federation take part in this subprogram. 797 farms were built and reconstructed using 1.5 billion rubles of state budget funds. The competition for participation reached 30 applications per place. In 2015, 3.08 billion rubles were allocated to 958 households. The average grant amount was 4.35 million rubles per farm.

3 "Support for small businesses".

Under this program of the year, subsidies are allocated not only to peasant farms, but also to other representatives of the agro-complex: entrepreneurs, agricultural cooperatives.

Money can be received:

for the construction (reconstruction, modernization) of industrial buildings, workshops;
laboratory equipment for veterinary examination, quality control of agricultural products;
equipment, modernization of premises for slaughtering, processing, storage of meat, fish, milk, vegetables;
purchase of special vehicles: wagons, vans, trailers for the transport of goods, including under leasing.

In 2015, 88 agricultural cooperatives from 25 regions received such support for a total amount of about 1 billion rubles. Of these: 34 are engaged in the processing of meat products, 33 - milk and dairy products, 21 - vegetables and berries.

Recently, the requirements for the selection of participants have been changed:

entrepreneurs with experience of only 6 months (for 3 years) are allowed to receive a grant for a novice farmer;
the term for the use of subsidies has been extended to 18 months (previously 12), for livestock farms - 24 months (previously 18);
a novice farmer, 3 years after the full development of the allocated funds, can receive money for family farm;
it is prohibited to allocate subsidies for the development of animal husbandry if the head of the peasant farm was previously the founder of a commercial organization;
to receive a grant, there must be no delay in the payment of insurance premiums, as well as penalties and fines.

conclusions

You can organize a farm as a business in the form of a peasant farm if you draw up a good business plan and show perseverance by applying for participation in federal and regional targeted programs. Also, nothing prevents you from doing agriculture by creating an LLC or IP. Especially if you rely on the money of private investors - in the absence of restrictions in terms of personal participation, nepotism, subsidiary liability. According to the law, the state provides support to farmers, promotes their creation and development. Recall that in all other cases - entrepreneurship is carried out at your own peril and risk.

Recently, many citizens began to open a business in countryside, because in the city almost all profitable niches have long been occupied by experienced entrepreneurs. Another good reason is the ability to start without major capital investments. In this article, we will talk about how to start a farming business and how to lead it to success.

How to open a farm?

If you decide to open a farm, but do not know where to start, the first thing to do is to develop a competent business plan. First, carefully calculate all costs, consult with experts and plan all your further actions. After that, you can start implementing the idea. The business plan will become the guiding thread that will lead your business to success. The most important thing is to start successfully, and all problems can be solved as they come.

So, where to start organizing a farm? The first thing to do is to find a suitable piece of land. It can be purchased or rented. It's best to buy land. In this case, you will not worry that its owner will refuse to renew it after the lease expires. At the moment, in the regions, one hectare of agricultural land costs 2-4 thousand rubles. It's quite affordable price even for beginners who do not have a large start-up capital.

After you deal with land plot, you need to decide what exactly you will do.

The most popular areas of activity:

Pig breeding;
poultry farming;
Breeding large cattle;
Growing vegetables or melons;
Fish farming.

The easiest way to start a farm from scratch is to choose one area of activity and gradually develop it. The main advantage of any farmer is that, in addition to the main profit, he can receive additional income. For example, if you organized, you can simultaneously engage in the production of frozen berries, preserves and jams. Entrepreneurs who raise cows or pigs can produce sausages and stew. The cultivation of grain crops can be accompanied by the production of flour, pasta and cereals.

Financial investments

It is rather difficult to answer the question of how much it costs to open a farm, since the size of the initial investment largely depends on the scale of the future enterprise and the scope of activity. If you are planning to start raising cattle, you will need a large start-up capital, approximately 2-5 million rubles. The opening of a small poultry farm will have to spend 0.7-1.5 million rubles. For beginners who are interested in how to open a farm from scratch, it is better to start by growing vegetables. In this case, you will need money only for the purchase of seed and fertilizer.

Aspiring entrepreneurs who want to start their own business in the countryside often ask the question, I want to open a farm, how will the state help? You should not count on the fact that immediately after registering a company you will be able to get a loan. In our country, it is issued only to those farmers who fall under the program for the development of the agro-industrial complex. In addition, this is too troublesome, because in order to receive financial assistance, you need to find several guarantors. If you register for unemployment at the employment center, you may be given a gratuitous subsidy for starting a business in the amount of 50-60 thousand rubles.

Profit

The first profit from the farm can be obtained in 9-12 months. The payback period of a business does not depend on the direction of activity. With a competent approach, you can cover all expenses in just a year of work. After that, your income will be significantly higher than the cost of maintaining the farm. If you can’t decide, be sure to pay attention to this promising line of business. Many successful farmers started as a small family farm and have managed to reach great heights thanks to their patience and hard work.

Business Profitability

Some farmers cannot make their business profitable because they do not have the appropriate knowledge and skills. But this does not mean that this area of \u200b\u200bactivity should be put an end to. To be successful, you need to regularly update equipment and other assets, study cutting-edge agricultural developments, and stimulate land.

To increase the profitability of the business, breed several types of animals or grow different vegetables and fruits. If one part of your structure turns out to be unprofitable, the other part will in any case cover all costs and allow you to make a profit.

One more effective method increasing profitability is own production on a farm basis. Open a small business and recycle on your own finished products. In addition, you need to find buyers who will buy it in bulk at competitive prices.

The most popular ideas for beginners

Are you interested in how to open a farm without large initial investments? In agriculture, you can open your own business literally from scratch. If you are responsible for your work, over time small farm turn into a highly profitable manufacturing enterprise. If you are not attracted to growing vegetables or other crops, you can start breeding:

Let's say that since childhood you dreamed of becoming a farmer, growing organic products not only for themselves, but also for the good of society, while earning money. From dawn to dusk, rolling up your sleeves, you will be tinkering in the ground, you are ready for hard physical labor, difficult tasks and financial difficulties. And with the current political situation in the country, no one will stop you from selling your expensive suit and tie, and using the proceeds to buy a straw hat and a pair of sturdy boots.

Our congratulations. The world needs you.

According to the latest statistics, there are more bus drivers in Russia than agricultural workers. But think for yourself, what will happen faster, the bus driver will want to eat or the farmer will want to buy a bus ticket?

Food ranks first on the list of basic human needs, on the same level as oxygen and sleep. The planet needs nutritious and healthy food, so here and now real superheroes are needed to grow this food.

So if you really consider Agriculture, as your business and career, write down 9 simple rules that will definitely help you at the beginning of your chosen noble path. Of course, this is not a panacea for all future difficulties, but they will set you on the right path to economic and agricultural sustainability.

1. Don't get into debt!

Why is this item number one and why with an exclamation mark? Because over the past 50 years, financial debt has crippled more farms than drought and plague.
A huge number of farmers sold their farms under the hammer, unable to withstand financial difficulties.

In short, loans and other types of bank loans will certainly allow you to buy a new tractor, a barn, a new piece of land where you will work, gaining invaluable experience. And experience and only experience is the most valuable asset of agriculture, and you can’t buy it for any money.

Experience doesn't come with a degree in agriculture, and you won't get it by reading a ton of useful and smart books. The work of a farmer is made up of uncertainty, surprises, everyday problems and manual labor.

Adding monthly payments that add up to this daunting list puts people in financial handcuffs at the very beginning of their journey.
Of course, there are times when you have to choose between two evils. Try to live within your means and not confuse necessities with objects of desire. Avoid debt relationships as long as possible.

2. Let failure happen

It was assumed that the purpose of the article is to help you avoid this very failure. In light of this, the second rule looks ridiculous, but...

All our modern world obsessed with the paranoid thought of the inevitability of failure. There are people who are so unsure of their abilities that the fear of failure paralyzes them, and they simply do not start anything new, because they “know” that all this is not worth the effort, because it has, by definition, the status of doom.

Catch the Feed: When working in agriculture, you are bound to encounter a failing state of affairs, sooner or later. In addition, this painful and unpleasant experience will be a very important part in gaining invaluable experience and level-up, and will show you what is good for your work, and which roads need to be avoided in the future. Stress will make you mentally stronger and tougher. Fail gracefully and thoughtfully. This is the only way to experience and enjoy success to the fullest when your gingerbread truck overturns on your farm.

3. Study the market in advance

Decide what you plan to do, because the field of activity is so huge that you can easily get lost without a specific plan of action worked out in advance.
Do you want to raise cattle, grow watermelons, or open your own sauerkraut shop? Or maybe you decided to sell wool to local knitters. How far from potential buyers will your land be located, what will happen if no one buys your goods, or vice versa, buys up absolutely everything?

Before you plant the first seed that will grow into a future wool sock magnate or the first sauerkraut dealer in the area, you will need to spend a lot of time figuring out what you are going to sell, how much, and to whom. Create a back-up plan "B" in case something goes wrong. Everything must be prepared in advance possible ways, if not retreats, then solutions to emerging problems. Prepare a thorough marketing plan in advance.

4. Learn the land

It all depends on which region of the country you are going to start your farming business.
Altai Krai is a traditional producer of grain, milk, meat, sugar beet, sunflower, oil flax, fiber flax, hops, rapeseed and soybeans are also grown here. Also in the Arkhangelsk region, emphasis is placed on the development of animal husbandry.

The Krasnodar Territory stands out as the most important agricultural region of the country. Almost everything is grown here.
Therefore, consider moving, the further south your farm is located, the better.

5. Grow your "passion"

Everyone knows that farming is hard work. So do yourself a favor and grow what you love. It will be a job that brings you not only money, but also pleasure. Unfortunately, when we make most decisions, we rely on the financial or traditional aspect, we do what is profitable or expected, but not what we really want and like to do.
Plant blueberries, peaches or apple trees if you have always been greedy for these fruits or berries. And let the first harvest become both a reward and the first income in your future million.

6. Set reasonable goals

“Let’s say I won’t be able to feed all the nearby towns and villages until I get comfortable in the local market and get back on my feet a little.”

“Let’s say there won’t be a million in my pocket during the first time of my hard work. And until all my bills and possible debts are paid.

“Let’s say I don’t expand my business until what I have is generating a steady, regular income.”

In the light of such an agricultural theme, it is not a sin to screw in a saying that succinctly characterizes this point. “Take the burden on your own, so as not to fall when walking!”. And even if you're crazy, you just physically can not embrace the immensity.

7. Forget what others say

There will always be those who will not accept your way of life and thinking. Whether it's close friends, or fellow farmers, if you suddenly decide to make a drastic change in your lifestyle, or decide to introduce some cutting-edge idea into your work. Is always. Take it for granted. And just do your job.

8. Have a sense of humor

Every day someone dies on the farm. Here you go, admiring the dawn and how your rye is earing from a breath of fresh wind, and in the next frame, you gut the mother goose for pate.

You need to get used to this: taking life Living being, even for the sake of food, is not easy. Always keep a sense of humor. Feeling of self-control. And courage.

9. Read. Ask questions

Be prepared for the fact that you will have to shovel a huge number of books. And even if you are in the fourth generation, and therefore moved closer to nature, be prepared to ask for advice from a more knowledgeable and experienced person.

Last but not least, be generous with your knowledge, especially to those people who will, sooner or later, want to learn something from you.

Today there are a number government programs, which are aimed at developing and supporting farmers, and tax incentives for owners are defined. This kind entrepreneurial activity became promising in Russia. We will figure out where to start a farm, what expenses will be required and how to successfully start in this business.

A farm is a commercial organization that operates on a family basis, produces agricultural products for the purpose of selling for profit.

Before opening a business in this area and to draw up a business plan, decide on the choice of direction.

Branches for breeding

Livestock: , horses, .
: trout, carp, sturgeon, silver carp, pike, carp, catfish.
Poultry breeding: laying hens, broilers, ducks, geese, ostriches,.

What is grown

Vegetables: cucumbers, tomatoes, cabbage, peppers, eggplant, pumpkin, potatoes, carrots.
Fruits and berries: melons, watermelons, apricots, pears, apples, strawberries, cherries, cherries, prunes, plums.
Greens: parsley, dill, onion, garlic.
Grain crops: wheat, oats, barley, rye, corn, sunflower, buckwheat.

This is not an exhaustive list, but we have listed common and traditional cultures.

What type of activity to choose additionally

When drawing up a business plan for a farm, take into account that additional income from related activities is possible.

If you decide to grow fruits and vegetables, additionally set up the production of frozen vegetables and fruits.
If you want to engage in or pigs, at the same time start the production of stew, products and other meat delicacies. Cows are also profit from the sale of dairy products: milk, sour cream, cottage cheese, cheese and others.
when growing cereals, organize the production of flour, cereals or try.

How to start when opening a farm

Determines the procedure for the formation of property Law "On Peasant (Farm) Economy" No. 74-FZ of 06/11/2003 (amendments of 12/28/2010 No. 420-FZ).

According to paragraph 1 of Article 3, any capable citizen of the Russian Federation, as well as a foreign, stateless person, have the right to create a peasant farm. Clause 2 of the article states that spouses and parents, grandparents, children, sisters, brothers, grandchildren (up to three families) can become members. Also not relatives of the head of the person, but not more than five people.

Article 4 says that the creation of a farm by a group of persons will require the conclusion of an agreement on joint activities.

Article 5 describes the procedure for registering a peasant farm.

Registration procedure

pay the state duty;
notarize the application for registration;
submit a package of documents to the IFTS;
register with the Funds;
receive a letter from Rosstat with statistics codes;
open a bank account.

On state support for agriculture

There are a number of benefits for newly created enterprises, but when you need a loan for the development of an agricultural business, do not expect to receive a loan from the state. It is available to farms included in the agro-industrial complex development program. It also includes guarantors.

You are not a pensioner and do not work - contact the employment service with an application for inclusion in the self-employment program, so that you can receive state assistance from 50 to 60 thousand rubles to open an individual entrepreneur in the agricultural sector.

Farming is profitable view business, which is nevertheless very risky and expensive. Consider the main branches of farming and the features of their implementation, as well as the reasons for such a rapid development of animal husbandry in Russia.

Farm business development

Farm business in Russia, in particular animal husbandry, has been gaining popularity and development over the years due to the following factors:

the presence of state programs that, subject to certain conditions by farmers, in order to support newly created farms and national producers, provide subsidies, tax breaks, grants, initial capital, allocate land for farming;
rising food prices, which increase farm profits;
food products produced by farms, namely meat, milk, eggs, cheese, honey, cottage cheese, are always in demand in the markets and have their own customer base, as they provide the basic needs of consumers;
restriction of access to the market for products of foreign suppliers and manufacturers - national producers, in turn, do not experience such restrictions;
a wide range of types economic activity, the emergence and development of new species (for example, farms for breeding ostriches);
products of a national manufacturer inspire confidence among consumers and are in demand;
the possibility of obtaining a permanent customer base and markets for products.

Thus, the farming business is a profitable and promising activity that is rapidly developing and, at certain costs, can bring significant income that will fully pay off the invested funds and the time spent.

Farming branches

Farming is divided into 2 main industries:

agriculture (growing various kinds grain crops: rice, wheat, barley, etc.);
animal husbandry.

Animal breeding as a business includes the following sub-sectors:

pig breeding;
cattle breeding (livestock breeding);
sheep breeding;
poultry farming;
breeding bees;
horse breeding;
ostrich breeding;
reindeer herding;
breeding rabbits;
fur farming and others.

Pig breeding, poultry farming, sheep breeding and cattle breeding have received the greatest development.

Cattle breeding provides the population with milk and meat, beef and veal are of high quality and high cost.

Poultry farming provides the market with meat and eggs, and poultry meat (turkeys, chickens, ducks, indouts) is more in demand than beef and pork, due to the lower cost of meat and the absence of difficulties in breeding birds on farms. Chicken meat is the most demanded meat in the markets, chicken breeding is a promising and profitable activity.

Pig farming is a rapidly developing type of economic activity. Pork is the second most demanded meat in the markets, after chicken, this meat is cheaper than beef and has a high quality, nutritional value and calorie content.

Sheep breeding for its development requires a large number of pastures and provides markets not only with meat and milk, but also with wool.

Pig breeding as a business

Before getting into pig farming, it should be borne in mind that although this highly profitable type activities, but it, like any kind of farming activity, requires a lot of effort, time and significant financial costs to achieve a result.

Basic rules to follow if you decide to start pig farming

1. Decide on the location of the farm, considering: established standards for proximity to settlements, the minimum required farm area, remoteness from water sources.

2. Prepare Required documents to the administration's signature. Find out under what conditions you can get government subsidies, benefits, etc.

3. Study the market structure, namely the demand and supply of pig meat and lard in the markets in your area. Usually, greatest demand has lean and lean pork, lard with a meat layer (loin).

4. Prepare a business plan that, when calculating financial costs, will show the effectiveness of pig farming and possible profits. Financial costs include:

buying pigs;
building or renting premises;
purchase of inventory and equipment;
staff salaries;
stern;
payment for veterinary services, vaccinations, etc.

Also in the plan it is necessary to evaluate possible risks enterprises and indicate the stages of project implementation with actions at each stage.

5. Build pigsties, sheds, purchase the necessary inventory and equipment, feed.

6. Hire qualified personnel (animal technicians, handymen, pig breeders, etc.).

7. Much attention should be paid to the selection of breeds of pigs. Breeds of pigs are specially bred for production:

meat;
meat and fat;
meat and bacon;
bacon
fat.

Breeds for the production of meat and bacon received the greatest demand, because meat brings more income than lard. Females and males must be purchased from different suppliers to prevent genetic mutations in the offspring.

8. Be sure to periodically disinfect pigsties, inventory, destroy rodents, ensure regular vaccinations and examinations of offspring and adults by a veterinarian.

But do not expect instant results, because the pig farm pays for itself in about 2-3 years. Also successful is the combination of growing potatoes, corn, etc. with raising pigs, because feed costs in this case are reduced; It is also profitable to organize your own production of meat and sausage products and lard (for example, you can organize a meat and lard smokehouse).

Poultry farming as a business

Breeding poultry as a business, especially chickens and turkeys, requires less financial costs than, for example, pig breeding, since birds are less whimsical, but brings stable income, because poultry meat is very popular due to its low cost, dietary content, low calorie content.

Before starting poultry farming, draw up a business plan that will help you calculate the possible profit and the period after which it will be received, as well as financial costs (for the purchase of young animals, feed, vaccinations, renting a territory, building premises, equipment, etc.) , existing risks.

How to become a farmer from scratch in the poultry industry?

Consider the main factors that must be considered if you decide to start breeding birds.

1. The choice of breed depends on the focus of your farm. Breeds of chickens are:

for the production of meat (cornish, red whitetails);
for the production of eggs (leggorn, Russian whites, pavlovskie, minorca);
for the production of eggs and meat (Loman Brown, Moscow black, Kuchinsky).

It is most profitable to purchase breeds of chickens that are adapted for the production of both eggs and meat.

2. Having your own garden reduces the cost of bird feed; in the spring and summer, chickens can and should be grazing in the garden.

3. To obtain high quality homemade meat, you should Special attention turn to bird food. So, the diet of chickens should include, in addition to compound feed: dandelions, nettles, carrots, pumpkins, potatoes, beets and other vegetables and herbs.

4. Rooms for chickens should be equipped with everything necessary: feeders, drinkers, thermometers, devices for measuring room humidity. Each breed has its own characteristics. So, egg-bearing breeds need ventilation, specially equipped perches, free space, good lighting(the room should be lit from 6 am to 9 pm, a violation of lighting is stress for the bird and its egg production decreases or stops altogether) and thermal insulation.

5. The purchase and equipment of an incubator will help save on young stock; eggs laid by a laying hen are laid in an incubator, which must be equipped with a thermometer. If the incubator is the simplest and not automatic, the eggs are turned over manually (3 times a day). From 60 eggs laid in the incubator, you can get 45 or more chickens.

6. Purchased young animals should be vaccinated and given antibiotics to prevent possible diseases.

7. Regular disinfection of the premises should be carried out, if a disease is suspected, sick birds to be slaughtered should be isolated, a veterinarian should be invited to make a final diagnosis, and vaccination should be carried out.

Breeding birds is a profitable, and most importantly, simple and affordable type of activity that does not require the construction of special premises, the lease of a large land area.

Birds can also be bred in old sheds, which only need to be equipped with everything necessary, and a personal plot or garden will be enough. Breeding chickens is the most popular type of poultry farming, chickens are unpretentious in feeding and care, have high egg production and, with proper care, provide valuable and sought-after meat.

Breeding cattle

So what does it take to become a cattle farmer? Before you go directly into the breeding itself, draw up a detailed business plan, which should include:

planned production volumes;
the production part (expenses for the purchase of feed);
marketing part (advertising, product prices);
organizational part (information about suppliers, buyers, staff);
risk assessment;
financial part (sources of financial support, planned income).

breeding young individuals for sale;
supply of meat;
milk supply;
supply of meat and milk;
processing of animal skins;
production of dairy products (cheese, sour cream, cottage cheese);
production of meat products (sausage products).

The next step will be to go around all instances, prepare documentation and obtain permits (for construction on sites, etc.).

One of the most important aspects of organizing livestock breeding as a business is purchase of livestock. Things to consider:

selection and purchase is best done with the participation of an experienced veterinarian, livestock breeder;
main meat breeds cows: Hereford, Charolais, Limousin, Salers, Kalmyk, Kazakh white-headed and others. Dairy breeds: black-and-white, red steppe, Yaroslavl, Kholmogory;
a healthy dairy cow that will produce large amounts of milk, has a barrel-shaped belly, long head, small horns, strong muscles, special attention should be paid to the cow's udder. The udder of the cow should be large, the skin should be elastic, the shape of the udder should be cup-shaped. Cows with round udders will produce little milk. When buying, be sure to milk the cow, while hardening should not be felt in the udder, it should be soft and pliable. A healthy cow has a clear look, no cough, a hard and light gait, a narrow hindquarters and a sagging back are considered faults;
read the documents for the animal, the vaccination card.

Cows need to be provided with pastures, feed should be purchased, hay should be prepared for the winter, regular disinfection of barns and vaccinations should be mandatory, and premises for slaughterhouses should also be equipped.

Beef and veal are expensive and high-quality meats that are in demand among consumers. To increase income from livestock breeding, it is necessary to organize the processing of meat, milk and produce cheese, cottage cheese, kefir, sausages, sour cream, ryazhenka, etc. for sale.

How to become a successful farmer?

In order to become a successful farmer, one should take into account the fact that farming does not imply instant profit, it requires significant financial costs. Animal husbandry is one of the most risky types of business, since there is always the risk of epidemics, natural disasters that can lead to a pestilence of animals, loss of farms and bankruptcy of farmers.

Keep in mind that producing quality products is only the first step. The second stage is its implementation. You can find sales markets, or you can open your own stores, which will bring income, but will also require additional costs for renting premises, personnel, equipment, etc.

Farming in Russia receives state support and brings high income to businessmen, but also requires large investments and time, as well as compiling detailed business plan. The main branches of animal husbandry in Russia and around the world are pig breeding, poultry farming and cattle breeding, as their products are always in high demand, both on national and foreign markets.

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