How to open a small farm. The relevance of farming as a business idea. What equipment to choose

One of the most promising areas small business is currently agribusiness. Now in this area there is a huge number of new technologies, tools and methods. So all you need is a good business idea.

Breeding rabbits

Properly organized mini farm will allow you to achieve good profits through rabbit breeding. Compared to other farm animals, rabbits have a huge number of important advantages. First of all, it is important to note that these cute animals are distinguished by excellent fertility. Supermarkets and restaurants are ready to buy rabbit meat. You will definitely not have problems with the sale of products. Rabbits never accumulate poisons in their bodies. That is why their meat is so highly valued.

This production is one hundred percent profitable. If everything is organized correctly, then you can turn rabbit breeding into a very profitable business. The area of one cage for rabbits must be at least 1.5 square meters. m. On one hundred square meters of land, you can place up to 15 such cells. The floor is made in the form of a lattice. The walls on the north side will need to be insulated. Sunlight and warmth should come from the south side.

For one mini-farm you will need 300 kg of hay and 500 kg of combined feed per year. Very important for start-up capital has a selected breed of rabbits. For divorce, several males and twice as many females are acquired. For starters, you can limit yourself to 16 females.

Growing greenery

Today in Russia, the hydroponic method of growing greens is very widespread. With it, you can grow onions, lettuce, parsley, dill, etc. all year round. The approximate dimensions of the mini-farm are: height - 2.3 m, length - 4 m, width - 1.5 m. At the same time, the hydroponic plantation is placed on five tray shelves. Permanent cultivation of greenery will be realized in them.

On each shelf, air temperature adjustment and lighting should be provided. Shelves are divided into beds with cells. You only need to provide plants with food and sow new seeds. Such mini farms are ideal for restaurants and other establishments. Catering. The only drawback of such a business is that you will have to seriously fork out for start-up capital.

quail farm

Growing quails is very popular in modern conditions. Unlike, both quail eggs and meat are in demand. Quail mini farm can consist of 500 individuals. Only two people can serve such a farm. You will be able to receive the first profit in five months.

The ideal food for quails are wheat, barley, fishmeal, sunflower cake and corn. At the first stage, you will need to purchase cell batteries and an incubator. Remember that quails are very sensitive to temperature changes. They love fresh air, but drafts for quails are dangerous. On an area of 20 sq. m. can easily accommodate 700 individuals. In just a year, this number can grow tenfold at once. The profitability of quail breeding is really very high. However, you should always remember that you will have to forget about vacations, weekends and holidays.

Goose mini-farm

First of all, think about official registration. You can open a farm or register as an individual entrepreneur. All details are best checked with local accountants or lawyers. Registration will be useful for obtaining benefits, as well as for wholesale trade. If you expect to cope with a small number of geese, then the ideal option would, of course, be registering an individual entrepreneur.

To keep geese, you will need open-air cages and insulated indoor areas. Try to find some abandoned farm and buy it. Such territories, originally adapted for breeding geese, exist in many villages. You can buy goslings at poultry farms, at the pet market or via the Internet. One of the most popular schemes for making money on raising geese is as follows:

– Birds are grown for sale within 4 months;

- The last 3-4 weeks they should be fed in accordance with a special methodology (maize should be included in the diet). So the geese short time will be able to gain maximum weight;
- Some of the geese are slaughtered after intensive fattening and then sold. For the production of offspring, the most viable specimens are left.

In most cases, a mini goose farm pays for itself in the first year. One carcass can be sold for 500-700 rubles. At the same time, the number of geese is constantly increasing, since new goslings appear from the eggs. When investing for each goose 1000 r. per year (this includes the payment of staff, food, etc.), it will be able to bring you a profit of 5-10 thousand rubles.

Fish breeding

The policy of import substitution creates favorable conditions for the development of farms. In addition, there are state support programs for young farmers. To receive such assistance, it is necessary to draw up a business plan for the farm with an analysis of this project.

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Services

In order to determine the services provided, it is necessary to analyze the demand for a particular type of activity at the location of the farm. This will ensure a higher demand for manufactured goods and a lower level of competition. And also the choice depends on the amount of land that is at the disposal of the entrepreneur, and the possibility of placing buildings on the site. Large-scale projects are more profitable, but it is better to start small, gradually increasing production capacity.

The most profitable services provided by the farm:

sale of vegetables and fruits;
sale of crops;
sale of meat;
sale of milk;
sale of eggs;
sale of cheese.

To additional services the sale should be attributed to:

skins;
wool;
down and feather;
manure;
young.

The following types of services can be considered:

farm tour;
processing of production products;
cafe with farm products.

Relevance

Relevance of development Agriculture in Russia is as follows:

the demand for environmentally friendly products is constantly growing;
governmental support;
improvement of the legislative base;
farming is a highly profitable business.

Activities

The farm carries out the following activities according to OKVED:

01.1 Cultivation of annual crops;
01.2 Cultivation of perennial crops;
01.45 Breeding of sheep and goats;
01.46 Breeding of pigs;
01.47 Breeding of poultry.

In practice, it is more efficient to form household farms in the form of a mixed subsidiary plot. Conducting a mixed economy will expand the range of end products and minimize the risks of seasonality, which will increase potential profits.

poultry farming

Poultry farming requires much less time and money than other types of livestock farm. With the implementation of this area of activity, it will be possible to involve fewer workers.

Eggs and chicken are those products that are always in the refrigerator of any of our compatriots. In addition, breeding birds does not require too large areas.

Rearing birds:

laying hens;
broiler chickens;
geese;
ducks;
quail;
guinea fowl;
turkeys.

To open a small poultry farm, you will need a room of about 400 square meters. m. It should have an adjacent area for walking birds (at least 200 sq. m.).

The regulations of the Ministry of Agriculture say that areas for walking should have fences (in relation to the growth and size of birds) and drains. It is recommended to walk birds of different species separately, so you will need to make additional partitions inside the pasture.

Bird house requirements:

It is best to make a poultry farm out of wood or brick.
The floor should be covered with sawdust in a thick layer.
The premises should be divided into sections, where, as in the pasture, there will be different kinds birds.
Each section of the poultry farm should have a separate feeder and drinker.
According to the norms, three adults or 10 chicks should live on one square meter. The calculation is given for chickens. Geese need 1 square. m. for each adult, turkeys - twice as much as chickens.
The room should be well ventilated, but at the same time be heated to a temperature not lower than +25 degrees.

Learn more about what you need to get started farm business in poultry farming from the channel “Main farming portal FERMER. RU".

Pig breeding

Perhaps the most cost-effective idea for entrepreneurs who decide to make money on meat business, there will be a pig farm. If you have 2-5 million rubles, you can open a modern high-tech farm with a population of 100 pigs. At the same time, all the necessary components will be included in the diet. The demand for pork in our country is higher than for other types of meat due to the lower price.

For breeding pigs, you will need a warm and ventilated pigsty. For a small number of heads, you can assemble a room from improvised materials: boards, chopped wood. But do not forget that pigs are curious animals, therefore, growing up, they will dig tunnels and easily break walls. The capital pigsty is located on a strip foundation made of bricks or gas blocks.

During construction, the following standards are taken into account:

the height of the walls at the doorways - 2-2.3 m;
height in stalls - not less than 1.3 m;
for one adult sow - 3-4 square meters. m;
for a boar - 4-5 square meters. m.

Young animals can be kept together in the same paddock. Upon reaching 6 months, piglets are divided into 2-3 heads in one pen. Adult animals are seated, as they are cocky and can cripple each other. That is, for 10 adults, you need to prepare a pigsty with an area of at least 40 square meters. m. The price of construction and wall insulation depends on the region.

The pigsty should be divided by wooden partitions. The light is not made very bright, as excess lighting makes animals aggressive. Window openings - no more than 13% of the total wall area. Places are equipped with drinkers and feeders. For the first time, you can make drinking bowls and feeders with your own hands. There is a separate area for walking. It is equipped with a roof and fenced with a wooden fence.

The channel “Rabbits Rule!” will tell about the organization.

Sheep breeding

Developing a business related to sheep breeding has certain advantages. They consist not only in stable income, but also a constant demand for farm products. At the same time, the products are not only meat, but also wool, as well as sheep cheese.

It is also a plus that any room is suitable for keeping animals, you can build it on your own. The sheepfold needs less constant cleaning (this is the advantage of ungulates over birds or, say, rabbits). But in order for your livestock to winter well, it is important to insulate the sheepfold. It is necessary to acquire an area for walking sheep, taking into account a further increase in the number of livestock (an average of 20 sheep per hectare).

Sheepfold requirements:

Too soft floor leads to foot problems in animals. The optimal cover is a layer of earth + a thin crust of straw.
Drafts should be avoided, so there should be no gaps in the room. The air temperature in the sheepfold in winter should not be below minus 12-15 degrees.
It is better to avoid bumps in the path of the sheep, in order to avoid broken legs.
In a room where sheep are kept, drinkers should be designed for a volume of at least 10 liters per head.

The cost of one breeding sheep of the common Romanov breed starts from 5 thousand rubles. The cost of a sire ram can be twice or even three times higher. On average, one ram covers up to 40-50 sheep, but practice shows that it is better to provide for two flocks of 20 sheep than one for 40.

Channel “Almasbek. Әr qazaq bai bolsyn. provides information about sheep breeding.

agricultural crops

The process of cultivating and growing grain crops is closely related to animal husbandry. After all, the end product of this industry, along with the use in Food Industry serves as food for animals and birds. Cereals are the main ingredients of any compound feed. In addition, plant products are actively used in pharmaceuticals, textiles and perfumery.

When planning a business, first of all, it is necessary to determine the specific crop that is supposed to be grown:

wheat;
corn;
oats;
sunflower;
buckwheat;
barley, etc.

Depending on the selected crop, it is planned technological process, including:

features of soil cultivation;
methods of sowing seeds;
terms and technology of harvesting;
types of fertilizers used;
ways to protect plants from harmful insects and diseases.

About how to minimize drought when growing crops, filmed by the channel "technical".

Growing vegetables and fruits

In addition to cereals and cereals, entrepreneurs may be interested in floriculture, growing vegetables and berries. These areas have great prospects, and seasonality factors can be reduced through the construction of greenhouses and greenhouses. Such a business will be especially profitable in winter, when the price of fresh vegetables increases significantly.

Horticulture and viticulture is quite promising and cost-effective view business. Unlike other areas, investments in such projects pay off for a long time. A period of 3 years or more is required, depending on the variety of selected trees. However, over time you get stable business with little cost to maintain it. It is necessary to choose ways to protect the crop from the undesirable effects of insects and crop diseases.

It should be remembered that the automation of the growing process has a positive effect on the yield of the farm, thereby increasing the profitability of the business.

Fruits and berries for growing:

apples;
pears;
strawberry;
cherry;
cherries;
watermelons;
apricots;
plums;
melons.

Vegetables for growing:

cucumbers;
tomatoes;
potato;
carrot;
beet;
pepper;
eggplant.

Greens for growing:

parsley;
dill;
garlic.

Greenhouse requirements:

light transmission - frame elements should not be too wide;
the soil under the greenhouse must be stable at any time of the year;
in areas that are flooded in the spring, greenhouses are not recommended.

The linvideo zp channel will talk about growing vegetables on an industrial scale.

Description and analysis of the market

The organization of a business should begin with the evaluation of a business idea according to the following criteria:

characterize the target audience;
determine the competitiveness of your project;
analyze the share and dynamics of the selected market segment.

The characteristics of farms in Russia are as follows:

There is an increased demand among the population for agricultural products, which currently exceeds supply.
Import substitution policies minimize competition from foreign suppliers.
The volume of farm products produced by local farms is very low.
Over the past ten years, Russian farms have significantly lost their positions in the market.
The imposition of sanctions led to the formation unfilled niches and an increase in the spectrum of unmet needs of the population.
High profitability determines the attractiveness of this business for small and medium-sized entrepreneurs.
The main difficulty for the successful functioning of domestic farmers lies in the sale of their products to intermediaries low prices and lack of independent market entry.

The target audience

The target audience of farms is divided into two segments:

В2В - purchase of products by legal entities for the purpose of further processing or resale. The most active buyers are regional and federal retail chains.
B2C is the purchase of products directly by the consumer. These are mostly working people aged 25-45.

Competitive advantages

Main competitive advantages farming:

flexible pricing policy;
environmental friendliness of products;
the quality of agricultural products;
delivery efficiency;
branded packaging.

Advertising campaign

Logo design and corporate identity from scratch.
Naming (name of the farm).
Slogan development.
Designation and formation of philosophy and mission.

Mini-farms are a business where the main means of informing potential clients are recommendations from regular customers. Therefore, it is especially important to monitor the quality of products. You can place ads in shops, markets and other crowded places.

Other channels for product promotion:

local media;
creation of a website on the Internet;
social network;
distribution of booklets with products to restaurants and cafes;
billboards, banners.

Sales channels

Possible distribution channels for products:

Participation in exhibitions and thematic events. Usually only interested buyers gather at such events, so a competent presentation of your goods will help you get profitable contracts with buyers.
Participation in state, regional and commercial tenders. A somewhat costly option. The winner of the tender is determined on a competitive basis. However, this is one of the best options search for a reliable and profitable buyer for large volumes of goods.
Sale in wholesale markets. An option to arrange deliveries to supermarkets, hypermarkets, and other stores. Cooperation with them will ensure long-term, constant and profitable sales of products.
Registration for electronic platform marketing of agricultural products. For example, on the state - Rosagrotorg. rf or regional - Saratovagro.
Selling through online platforms is convenient, inexpensive and fast. Buyers can always find the nearest supplier.
Membership in a marketing agricultural consumer cooperative. A kind of association of farmers, allowing joint efforts to sell the goods produced.

Governmental support

In Russia, it is applied Government program development of agriculture and regulation of markets for agricultural products, raw materials and food for 2013-2020”.

In order to support start-up agricultural producers, the following activities are carried out:

providing subsidies;
distribution of grants for various purposes;
holding competitions;
holding consultations.

To participate in the program, you must have the status of a beginner farmer, and the farm must meet the parameters of a micro-enterprise. Novice Farmer - Citizen Russian Federation of working age who has an agricultural education or has experience in agriculture for at least 3 years. He is the head of the KFH and a registered individual entrepreneur.

The main parameters of a beginner KFH:

the share attributable to a legal entity that is not a small and medium-sized business entity does not exceed 25 percent;
the average number of employees - no more than 100 people for small enterprises and 15 people for micro-enterprises;
revenue excluding taxes should not exceed the limit values that are set annually.

Additional conditions for participation in the program:

KFH was registered no more than three years ago;
marketable products are sold for at least 30 thousand rubles. per year;
the head of the KFH is a citizen of the Russian Federation living in countryside at least a year;
KFH can participate in each of the Program events only once.

The video shows step by step how to get land for the farm. Filmed by the channel Mikhalev Sergey is a business coach.

Step-by-step instructions for opening

After defining target audience and market analysis, the following steps should be taken:

Compose detailed business plan farm or purchase a ready-made sample.
Prepare documents for opening a mini-farm.
Find a suitable location for your business.
Purchase equipment and supplies.
Decide on the need to hire staff.
Buy animals, seedlings.
Start your own bissnes.

Documentation

Peasant farming (KFH) is a form of business ownership associated with agricultural activities. KFH can be opened by one person or a group of people connected by joint housekeeping or family ties. The number of participants is limited to five citizens.

KFH is not legal entity, and its head is recognized as an entrepreneur in accordance with the law. To carry out this type of activity, you must be a capable adult. It does not matter the citizenship of the entrepreneur. Registration is carried out simply by contacting the tax authorities at the place of residence of the head.

To register a mini-farm with the tax service, the following documents will be required:

application for registration of a peasant farm;
receipt of payment of state duty;
entrepreneur's passport (original and copy);
a document indicating the place of residence of the entrepreneur;
agreement on the establishment of a farm (for several persons).

The registration procedure will take no more than five working days from the date of submission of the package of documents. The registration authority will submit the following documents:

certificate of state registration;
a document confirming registration with the tax office;
extract from the EGRIP.

And also an entrepreneur can receive an information letter from the State Statistics Committee.

It is recommended that when submitting documents for registration, perform the procedure for switching to the UAT taxation regime. The unified agricultural tax is calculated taking into account VAT, income tax and property tax. This is the most suitable option for a farmer, since you will have to pay no more than 6% of the profit received. Payment is made once every six months, and reporting is submitted once a year.

Equipment and inventory

The choice of equipment depends on the type of farm.

Equipment and inventory for sheep breeding (flock of 100 heads):

Bird breeding equipment:

Greenhouse equipment:

Pig breeding equipment:

Photo gallery

Brooder for chickens Heat and pregnancy detector Incubator Feather plucking machine Hoof shears Lamb castration tongs Greenhouse 200 sq. m grain crusher

Staff

Depending on the size of the farm, it may require wage-earners. In addition, a farm should have a veterinarian / agronomist (this is determined by the profile of activity) and an accountant on its staff. They can be family members or visiting part-time professionals.

Financial plan

Whatever direction of home farming a businessman chooses, he will still need initial capital. can be opened with careful planning of the size of investments and forecasting of income.

Features of the financial plan:

a pig farm opens;
the number of goals - 200–250;
form of ownership - KFH with ESHN (the tax is 6% on net profit).

How much does it cost to open?

Costings.

Recurring costs

Farm fixed costs.

Income

The types of activities that bring the most income on the farm.

Calendar plan

Calendar planning for the opening of a mini-farm.

Stage	1 month	2 months	3 months	4 months	5 months	6 months	7 months	8 months
Market analysis	+	+
Business plan preparation		+
Registration of a package of documents			+
Acquisition and registration of land			+
Construction of a facility for keeping animals				+
Greenhouse installation				+
Summing up communications					+
Acquisition of agricultural machinery						+
Purchasing and stocking						+
Creation of feed stocks						+
Acquisition of young stock and seedlings, seeds							+
Recruitment							+
Opening								+

Risks and payback

Choosing agriculture as the basis for implementation entrepreneurial activity all the risks should be taken into account:

Crop production can be interfered with by insects, natural conditions and cataclysms. Not in all cases, their consequences can be quickly eliminated without incurring a significant loss. This risk can be minimized by regularly consulting with an experienced agronomist and independently gaining knowledge on growing plants.
Preferring animal husbandry, it is worth considering the likelihood of diseases that can affect the entire livestock and require its complete destruction. A veterinarian will help here, who should be regularly invited for a preventive examination of the livestock.
Interruptions in electricity and water. The risk is quite high. To neutralize it, it is worth taking care of the availability of backup sources of electricity and water supply.
Poor quality seedlings, young growth. You can minimize the risk if you choose suppliers and breeders carefully.
Rising food prices. You can not save on the quality of animal nutrition. This risk can be mitigated by developing own production fodder base (growing crops and vegetables).
Difficulties with the sale of products. Distribution channels need to be set up.

Many branches of agriculture do not require significant expenses, and their payback comes in a year.

Today, such a branch of the national economy as farming is developing at a rapid pace throughout the world. In almost any city or village there is a person involved in this business. Until recently, farming has declined significantly, but in recent years it has flourished again and brings huge profits to its owners.

It should be noted that farming allows you to sell on the market such valuable products as, for example, meat (pork, beef, poultry), milk and dairy products (sour cream, cottage cheese, cream), eggs, offal (liver, kidneys), animal hair, fluff Meat and milk are indispensable components of food, in this regard, they will always be in demand, and this, in turn, guarantees profit for private entrepreneurs.

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Required documents and permits

Before you start work, you need to decide for yourself what exactly you need to do and what is most profitable. Currently, there are several types of farms: livestock, poultry, dairy, crop farms, bee farms and others. Each of them is profitable in some way. So, the first step towards opening a farm is choosing a location. It can be a large farming settlement or a small house with a designated area.

It is unprofitable to build a farm from scratch, as there are many abandoned lands that are not used by anyone. The easiest way would be to buy them with the land. It will cost much less.

Secondly, you need to decide on the type, that is, what or who you will contain. Thirdly, it is important to clearly define the scale of the economy. If this is crop production, here you need to correctly calculate the required area for planting. If this is animal husbandry, then the number of possible livestock is calculated, necessary equipment and room sizes. If you plan to sell products to various retail chains in the future, then you need to collect a whole list of important documents, such as a lease or purchase agreement for land, permission from the Rospotrebnadzor authorities, the fire inspectorate for housekeeping. You also need to register as individual entrepreneur. All products must be issued quality and safety certificates, as well as a veterinary examination of meat products.

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Planning and procurement of equipment

One of the most expensive, along with the purchase of feed (if it is livestock farm) will be the purchase of equipment. If this is a large farm, then the costs can reach up to 2-3 million rubles. Equipment can be found by asking necessary information from neighboring farmers. The fact that it can take several months in time is also very important, because after the purchase it must also be rationally arranged and installed. The next important point is the layout of the room itself. As mentioned above, the areas can be very different. If this is livestock or poultry farming, then the organization of stalls for livestock or cages for poultry will be mandatory. Individual feeders and devices for cleaning manure and debris are also installed here.

The room should be warm both in winter and in summer. The temperature during the cold period should not be lower than 17 degrees. For this purpose, a gas heating system is used, other options are possible. In addition, the humidity must be maintained at a constant level. The presence of drafts reduces the productivity of animals, especially egg production. But, nevertheless, the room must be constantly ventilated. Lighting should be uniform.

Let's take a closer look at how to organize some types of farms.

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pig farm

Pig farming is one of the most widespread and profitable farming areas. An interesting fact is that pork is the second most popular meat after poultry, as it is cheaper than beef and has good taste. Its consumption is 30% of all meat products. By size pig farms divided into 3 groups. The first of them is large pig-breeding complexes, where the number of livestock is more than 12,000. The second is from 100 to 12,000 and the third is private land, where there are less than 100 animals.

The advantage of raising pigs is that they grow very fast, about 10 times faster than cattle. This makes them irreplaceable and very valuable in the market. In addition, they also gain their mass quickly. By 6 months of age, well-fed pigs can weigh 100 kg and are ready for slaughter. Another advantage is that these animals fully use and absorb all the nutrients from the feed. Pigs are unpretentious in food and maintenance. They breed well. If there are 300-350 heads of sows, there should be 15-10 boars, the rest are fattened for slaughter.

Equipment for this kind of premises should be special. In most cases, pigs are fed dry food, so you need to purchase machines for feeding it. The equipment includes: a bunker, feed lines, dispensers. If there is a place to be individual nutrition, then feeders are provided. It is very important to purchase drinkers for pigs and feeders, machine tools.

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Purchase of animals and necessary feed

You can buy piglets or pigs at the nearest livestock market. It is worth starting with 300-350 individuals, and the queens and boars should be purchased from different buyers in order to avoid inbreeding and reduce the productivity of livestock. Such a number of pigs will require a huge amount of feed. Up to 35 tons of feed will be required per year, as well as approximately 300 kg of special additives. The latter is mandatory, since top dressing contains vitamins and minerals necessary for the body of pigs, which may be scarce in the daily diet. Proper balanced nutrition will contribute to the rapid growth and proper development of young and adult individuals. Seriously, it is worth considering the points of purchase of feed. It is important that the supplier sells quality products, otherwise the profit may be zero.

As for the cost, the purchase of equipment will take about 2-3 million rubles. Payable every month wages staff will need: 10-15 thousand pigs and 20-25 veterinarians. But the most expensive will, of course, be food. Indeed, for the purchase, for example, 15 kg of compound feed, you need to spend 120 rubles. The profitability of the project will be about 25%. Payback periods are very different, on average 2-3 years.

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poultry farm

Poultry has been the main product of the meat industry in recent years. The reasons for this are the low cost of meat on the market, in great demand, ease of breeding poultry. Poultry, and mainly chicken, ranks first in terms of consumption, leaving pork and beef behind. Consider how to open a poultry farm from scratch. Unlike pig breeding, such a business does not require expensive equipment and large areas for premises. A business from scratch for growing chickens is considered very profitable, while the profitability is 100%. Chickens are the main supplier of eggs and meat. The conditions of detention for them are especially simple: they require constant care and supervision, which takes from 2 to 4 hours a day.

The bird is kept in chicken coops with individual or collective feeders, while a certain rule must be observed: all birds are fed at about the same time. Dry coma, chopped grass, cereals, bread, and so on are introduced into the diet. Chickens should be fed well. Finely chopped shells or gravel must be poured into the feeders so that the birds can make up for the calcium deficiency. It is very important that the room where the animals are kept is well heated and ventilated, but without drafts. You can buy chickens on the market, they are inexpensive. To make a deal, you will need documents on vaccinations, information about age, previous diseases, the name of the breed, that is, the so-called passport.

It is becoming more and more difficult for those wishing to open their own business to do so in the city. Profitable species businesses are fiercely competitive. But you can start your own business in the village. One of the advantages of starting a farm is a small investment. How to start a farm from scratch, we will try to tell.

To support rural businesses, the state is implementing several programs that are aimed at supporting agricultural business owners. Tax incentives have also been introduced. Thanks to this, farming becomes promising.

Where to begin?

The first step to opening your farm is to develop a detailed and competent business plan. It is necessary, at least approximately, to calculate all costs, get qualified advice from knowledgeable professionals plan all activities. Ready business plan farming is your guiding thread. A good start is half the battle. Any issues that arise will be resolved in due time.

You need land plot- This is your first practical task. There are two options - to rent a suitable plot or to buy it. The second option is more profitable in the future. Renting land is dangerous because its owner may refuse to renew the lease at the most inopportune moment. In the regions, the price of one hectare of land is approximately 2-4 thousand rubles. Even if you do not have large savings, the amount you need will be available to you.

The first step is to find suitable land

After solving the problem of finding suitable land, decide what exactly you want to do. The most well-known areas of agricultural activity are breeding cows, pigs or poultry, growing vegetables and fruits, berries and melons, and breeding fish.

The choice of one direction for a beginner in the agricultural business will probably be more correct. Experts advise starting with vegetables. Developing your business, you will add new directions. As high profitability shown by trusses combining different types directions.

Beginners can start growing vegetables

Whatever type of activity you choose, there is always additional profit that you can make from it. Having your own raw materials, you can set up your own production. For example:

Growing fruits, berries and vegetables. Additional profit is the sale of frozen vegetables and fruits.
Raising pigs or cattle. You can set up the production of your own products - stews, sausages, deli meats. Breeding cows will allow you to produce dairy products for sale.
Growing cereals. Production of our own flour and cereals, maintenance of our own bakery, where you can bake all kinds of bakery products.

This list is exemplary. Many more items can be added to it. It depends on your desire to earn, your capabilities and imagination. And, of course, do not forget about one important point - you need to take care of the sales market in advance. If you are new to the business and have no sales skills yet, you can hire an experienced salesperson. He will look for buyers and conclude contracts.

Description of products and services
Production plan
Financial plan
What equipment to choose
Growing technology
- - - Similar business ideas:

Business plan for organizing a family farm for breeding dairy cattle. This material can serve as an example for obtaining credit funds from a commercial bank.

How much money is needed to open a family farm for breeding dairy cattle

According to our calculations, opening a family farm will require investments from 7,550,000 rubles: Construction and reconstruction of a barn (as well as storage and utility rooms) - 1,800,000 rubles.

Purchase of 80 heads of dairy cows - 4,800,000 rubles.
Purchase of tools and households. inventory - 200,000 rubles.
Purchase of milking machines (10 pcs.) - 500,000 rubles.
Creation of feed stocks - 150,000 rubles.
Other expenses - 100,000 rubles.

The project will be financed from two sources. Own funds will be 30% (2,265,000 rubles) and the remaining 70% will be credit funds (bank loan).

Description of products and services

The main product that is planned to be produced on our farm is milk. Sale of cattle meat will be carried out in very small volumes. The estimated volume of milk sales will be 30,000 liters per month. The wholesale selling price will be 20 rubles per liter. In monetary terms, the turnover will be equal to 600,000 rubles per month. It is planned to sell milk and meat mainly to processing enterprises (meat processing plants). Cooperation with wholesale buyers and the private sector is also possible.

Production plan

The organizational form of our farm will be a peasant farm - a peasant farm. According to federal law dated 11.06.2003 No. 74-FZ “On Peasant (Farm) Farming”, participants in a family farm must be related by kinship or property and jointly carry out production and other activities in the field of agriculture economic activity based on their personal participation. The share of attracted employees cannot exceed 5 people. In our economy, these conditions will be observed in full. The number of participants in the family farm is 8 people, including 6 relatives and 2 employees.

What taxation system to choose for opening a family farm for breeding dairy cattle

As a system of taxation of the economy, it is planned to use the ESHN (single agricultural tax). This is the most favorable taxation system for agricultural enterprises, since the tax is paid in the amount of only 6% of the farm's profit. The funds received for the implementation of the project will be used for the reconstruction of the existing farm (enlargement) and the purchase of young cattle. In total, our farm will contain a permanent livestock in the amount of at least 80 heads. Such a number of animals will require the construction of a building with an area of at least 360 square meters. m. (at the rate of 4.5 sq. m. per animal). In addition, it is necessary to build utility rooms for storing tools (30 sq. m.), as well as a warehouse for feed (200 sq. m.). Thus, the total area of buildings will be about 590 square meters. m. In total, about 1.8 million rubles will be spent on the construction and reconstruction of the barn. Dairy cows of black-motley breed will be purchased as a "fixed asset" for milk production. This is the most common and productive breed of cows. The average annual milk yield of the Black-and-White breed is 6500 liters of milk. The approximate price for the purchase of livestock will be 105 rubles / kg. or 50 - 60 thousand rubles. for an adult animal. The slaughter of livestock will be carried out at a specialized slaughterhouse, with the preliminary removal of animals. The services of slaughtering one head of livestock will cost the farm an average of 1,500 rubles. Feed will be purchased from local agricultural producers. It is planned to buy hay at the price of 130 rubles/bale, sugar beet - 1650 rubles/ton, compound feed - 11 rubles/kg. An experienced veterinarian will be hired to monitor the condition of the animals and timely prevent diseases. These services will cost 10,000 rubles per month.

Financial plan

Permanent monthly expenses farms

Utility expenses - 40,000 rubles. (500 rubles/head)
Salary (2 people) + insurance deductions - 35,000 rubles. (440 rubles/head)
Vet. services - 10,000 rubles. (125 rubles/head)
Transportation costs - 20,000 rubles. (250 rubles/head)
Other expenses - 25,000 rubles. (310 rubles/head)

Variable costs

Feed consumption - 3000 rubles / head per month

Thus, the total cost of maintaining one head of cattle will be 4625 rubles per month. 370,000 rubles a month will be spent on 80 heads.

How much can you earn on a family dairy cattle farm

The average wholesale price of one liter of milk is 20 rubles per liter. The monthly volume of milk sales will be about 30,000 liters (some part will go to feed young animals), which in monetary terms means a revenue of 600,000 rubles. Minus the cost of keeping animals, the family farm receives a monthly profit of 230,000 rubles. Taxes still need to be deducted from this amount (Unified Agricultural Tax, 6%). Thus, the net profit will be 216,200 rubles. The profitability of the business is 58%. The return on investment comes in 34 months.

Step-by-step opening plan, where to start

To create a family farm business, it is necessary to correctly draw up a business plan, which should take into account the following steps:

What type of activity will the farm be engaged in: poultry farming, dairy products, animal husbandry, crop production, etc.
After choosing the type of farm, it is advisable to determine the scope of the activity. At this stage, you should calculate the preliminary costs and expected profit for the next 2-3 years.
They are followed by the purchase of livestock, feed and necessary equipment.
For implementation finished products relevant permits and registration documents will be required.
Adjustment of work with the sales market, sales representatives.

What equipment to choose

Opening a large family farm will require large acquisition costs necessary equipment, from 1 to 5 million rubles. It may take several months to install. An important factor is the layout, for example, cages will be required for poultry farming, and special stalls for animal husbandry. You also need to buy ventilation facilities, humidifiers, heaters, manure cleaning products. For the efficiency of the work of the staff, it is necessary to build utility rooms in which tools and feed warehouses can be stored.

Which OKVED to indicate when registering a business

To register a business, you will need to indicate the necessary codes from OKVED 2 section A: agriculture, forestry, fishing and fish farming.

What documents are needed to open

The implementation of the business will require the registration of a peasant farm. At the same time, the list of documents does not differ much from the registration of an individual entrepreneur, and therefore it will require personal data and a receipt for payment of state registration from the participants. duties. In addition, you will need to issue quality certificates for the products provided, and all animals must undergo a veterinary examination. In the case of land lease from the state, a special document will be required to locate a family farm.

Do I need permission to open

Members of the family farm must be relatives, and the proportion of personnel involved must be no more than 5 people. To sell products in outlets will need:

Permits from Rospotrebnadzor.
Permission from the fire department.

Growing technology

Starting a family farm opens up many opportunities before starting a business. For example, you can grow large cattle and sell milk. Breeding farm birds sell a lot of meat and eggs. When dividing the responsibilities of each of the members of the family farm, pay attention to their preferences. Let everyone do what they love - this will increase the overall profitability of the business. It is better to invest the money earned in the first seasons back into the business to the maximum. You should also think about breeding exotic birds, the sale of which to private ownership will bring considerable profit.

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