Agriculture in China and Japan. Characteristics of the specialization of the main agricultural regions of China. General characteristics of the Chinese economy. The most important macroeconomic indicators of the PRC's development. Characteristics of the Chinese energy sector. Transport

According to official figures, China at the end of the 20th century had about 95 million hectares of cultivated land. Often, three or more crops are harvested from one cultivated area in two years, and in the Yangtze River Basin, they have two crops every year. In parts of southern China, many fields are harvested three times a year for major crops and up to five for vegetables. Agriculture in China was formed due to its vast territory and various climatic conditions... More than 50 different field crops, more than 80 types of garden crops and almost 60 types of garden crops are grown on the territory of the country.

Sheep, horses and goats are raised in the highlands of western China, as well as in the vast steppes of Tibet and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. In the oases of the desert regions of Xinjiang, watermelons and grapes are grown. Highly mechanized wheat and soybeans are produced in the cold northern provinces of Heilongjiang and Jilin. In northern China, which suffers from chronic water shortages, drought-resistant crops such as corn, wheat and millet are grown. On the North China Plain, cultivated land yields two crops a year of grain and tobacco.

Agriculture in China includes the most productive areas in terms of gross agricultural production: Sichuan province, the valley of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the subtropical province of Guangdong. Here, the norm is several harvests per year, irrigation and fertilization are widely used. Sichuan, Hunan and Jiangsu are the largest in rice. In areas of Guangxi and Guangdong provinces, most of the sugar cane is cultivated. And in subtropical regions Agriculture China produces, mainly for export, oranges, tangerines, pineapples and lychee.

Labor resources in agriculture in China play almost the most important role... As a result of the privatization program, the land was divided among the families in the communes and its cultivation is carried out on the basis of a family contract. At first, the land was leased for 1-3 years, but then a long-term tenure system was introduced (50 years or more). The Chinese government has made a number of adjustments to the purchase prices for grain and meat, which has become a stimulus that has helped to significantly increase labor productivity. By the end of the 20th century, China's agriculture produced about 500 million tons of cereals, including 185 million tons of rice. Wheat is the second most important food crop. And in terms of corn harvest (more than 100 million tons per year), the country ranks second after the United States in the world.

Describing the various types of agriculture in China, it should be noted that the country is one of the world's largest suppliers of many varieties of tea. In addition, millet, oats, gaoliang, rye, buckwheat are grown, from root crops - sweet potatoes and potatoes, from legumes - soy. Cotton has an important place among industrial crops. 40% of the area occupied by industrial crops is allotted for its cultivation. Flax, hemp and jute are also grown. Tobacco is harvested in the largest volumes in the world. Sesame, peanut and sunflower are the leaders among oilseeds. Sugar beets are grown and pineapples, citrus fruits, bananas, apples, mangoes, pears and others are grown from fruit. Animal husbandry in China used to be of secondary importance, but now it has begun to develop at an accelerated pace. Sericulture has also been practiced in China for 4000 years.

Despite the successes of China's agriculture, it has not been able to cope with the country's large population growth. According to experts, in the 21st century, the demand for imported grain will amount to 55 to 175 million tons annually.

Igor Nikolaev

Reading time: 3 minutes

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Agriculture and animal husbandry in China are interdependent and interrelated. The significance of this industry for the national economy of China is enormous, despite its subsidiary character.

It provides traction power for farming and transport, as well as consumed products for food. In addition, animal husbandry supplies the industry and the population with meat, bristles, hides, entrails, wool, eggs, and so on. In turn, agriculture receives organic fertilizers. Also, livestock products are a significant export item.

Most of the livestock is in the agricultural areas of the PRC, inhabited mainly by the Chinese, but many species of animals are raised in pastoral areas populated by national minorities.

They raise working cattle for farming areas, as well as raw meat and livestock for the Chinese industry. In addition to the northwest and northeast, there are practically no pastures in China, therefore stall livestock breeding prevails.In the northern Chinese agricultural provinces, cows, goats, sheep, as well as horses, mules and donkeys make up the bulk of the livestock population. To the south, in the rice-growing zone, there are quite a few of these animals. The buffalo is used here as a draft animal, which is rare for the northern provinces. Chickens and pigs are everywhere, geese and ducks predominate in the south of the country.

CRC (Chinese - huannyu) is more common in northern China, especially in the provinces adjacent to Inner Mongolia. This cattle is mainly of low-productivity and undersized, but very unpretentious Mongolian breed.

Cows, as well as bulls, are used as draft animals. Moreover, until recently, in China, cows were not milked at all, as it was believed that this weakens them. At present, dairy farms have been established in the vicinity of large cities. Dairy cattle breeding is best developed in Manchuria, because, after the completion of the construction of the CER, here from Soviet Union brought the best breeds of dairy cattle. In the coastal provinces of the PRC, on the contrary, mainly Dutch cattle breeds. It should be noted that the total number of dairy cattle is small.

In the southwestern provinces (such as Yunnan and Sichuan), the humpbacked (zebu-shaped) breed of cattle has become widespread. Dairy buffalo females are bred only in one place - in the city of Wenzhou, Zhejiang province. Buffalo milk is thicker in consistency, fatter than cow's milk and tastes better. Up to 10 liters of milk and even more can be obtained from a buffalo per day, so some of it is processed into oil. In general, the cultivation of "shuinu" (this is how "buffalo" - "water cow" sounds in Chinese) is due to the close connection with the rice cultivation culture in the flooded way.

Buffaloes are very rarely used as transport, as they are cherished for very difficult field plowing work in flooded sowing conditions. The skins of this species of animals come only from cattle breeding areas, specializing exclusively in cattle breeding. It is strictly forbidden to slaughter livestock in the agricultural provinces. For the production of bone meal, the hooves, horns, entrails and bones of animals themselves are used.

For the economy of a number of provinces, small cattle.

Previously localized in the north, sheep breeding is now actively advancing to the yuen regions of China. The sheep population is represented mainly by Mongolian (half of the total population), as well as Tibetan (more than a third) and Kazakh breeds. Sheep in the PRC are used very effectively. Sheep skins go for sewing winter clothes, shoes and gloves are sewn from sheep skin, wool is used for making felt, as well as for making carpets, blankets, felt and other fabrics, felt shoes and the like. Sheep entrails are widely used in the production of sausages (especially intestinal casings), and they are also actively exported. Goats are popular mainly in the mountainous provinces of China.

Horse breeding in the territory of the People's Republic of China has been known for a long time. Basically, the livestock is represented by a stunted Mongolian breed that is undemanding to the conditions of keeping. Due to the geographical factor, it was most widespread in the north of China, especially in the provinces neighboring Inner Mongolia. This breed is better than others for walking in the mountains and is widespread in the provinces of Guizhou, Yunnan and Sichuan.

These horses are mainly used for transport and in agriculture, although in the latter sector, cattle are more often used. The main region for horse breeding is the northeast of the country, where horses are actively used as draft power during field work. There are much fewer horses in the south of China. Horse breeding as a livestock industry provides very valuable resources such as horse skin and horse hair. Bows for string instruments are made of the latter, as well as paint brushes, all kinds of sieves and brushes. For the production of bows, white horsehair is especially appreciated, which is mainly exported.

Donkeys in China are divided not by their breeds, but by their size, and therefore there are three types: small, medium and large. They are mainly used in individual households due to their unpretentiousness. This type of livestock is not suitable for a climate with high humidity, so the bulk of the livestock is localized in the north.

The mare-donkey hybrid (mules) and the donkey-stallion hybrid (mules) are fast, hardy, strong and efficient animals. Most of the livestock is located in northern China. These animals are used mainly for transporting goods along mountain paths, where modern technology does not pass. Their number is relatively small, since these hybrids by themselves are not capable of reproduction.

The most important and leading livestock industry in China is pig breeding. Pork is the most popular and beloved type of meat in China.

In addition, pig breeding is both organic fertilizers and leather for the manufacture of a wide range of products (from shoes and jackets to drums and suitcases), as well as bristles and intestinal casings for the manufacture of sausages. Also, Chinese pork is an important part of China's exports. Basically, the structure of pork export products is made up of meat itself, as well as pork hams, intestinal casings and back bristles. Local breeds developed in China are ready for fertilization from the age of six months.

There are two Chinese pig breeds: South China and North China. The first is characterized by a short massive carcass and black and white color, while the second is mostly black, with an elongated body, a saggy belly and a long snout. In terms of the total number of pigs, as well as the production of bristles, the PRC confidently holds the first place in the world.

Poultry farming is a well-known and widespread branch of animal husbandry in China. Needless to say, this is one of the world's most famous and most important industries for China.
More than 80 percent of the total domesticated poultry population in the PRC is occupied by chickens. More than 300 million units of this bird are raised every year. Chicken farming is most developed in provinces such as Hebei, Jiangsu, Shandong, Henan, Sichuan, Guangdong and Jiangxi. The best Chinese breeds are Langshan (Jiangsu province), Shougan (Shandong province), Jiujinghuang (Shandong and Hebei provinces) and Sushan (Zhejiang province). The most popular imported breeds are Leghorn, Plymouth Rock and Rhode Island.
Ducks and geese are most common in the southern provinces of China, where there are many reservoirs and a good food base. The number of ducks is over 60 million. Basically it is a breed of so-called May ("speckled" ducks) with a small carcass and gray-speckled plumage. The world-famous Peking breed is distinguished by its white color. This breed gains weight up to 3 kilograms in 3 months!
In the south of China, South American Muscovy duck(the weight of the male reaches 5 kilograms, the female - from three to four) There are also many geese in China. Their number reaches 12 million. White geese are typical for the north, gray geese for the south. Of particular note are the geese meat breed"Lion's head", which are grown in the Chinese province of Guangdong. The weight of a goose of this breed can reach 15 kilograms, a goose - 8 kilograms, and an egg weighs 400 grams.
Livestock farming in China is sufficiently developed to ensure the food security of the state, and the export of livestock products brings substantial contributions to the PRC treasury.

Despite the ethnic and cultural differences between our countries, it would be nice for us to take an example from the approach to animal husbandry in this country.
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In 1949 in the structure social production and China's national income from agriculture accounted for about 70%. Over the years of post-revolutionary development, the relative importance of agriculture has decreased, but its position as a basic branch of the economy has remained, it remains the main supplier of raw materials for light industry(70%). Employed in countryside is 313 million people, and with family members about 850 million people, which is 6 times more than in Russia, Japan, England, France, Germany, Italy, Mexico combined.

In terms of the scale of production, China's agriculture is one of the largest in the world. One of the main features of agriculture is the constant shortage of land. Of the 320 million hectares of plowed areas, only 224 million hectares can be used, while the area of arable land is about 110 million hectares, which is about 7% of the world arable land. According to the Chinese classification, only 21% of the land fund is highly productive. These are, first of all, the plains of northeastern China, the middle and lower basin of the Yangtze River, the Pearl River Delta and the Sichuan Basin. These areas are characterized by favorable conditions for plant growing: a long vegetative period, high amounts of active temperatures, an abundance of precipitation, which makes it possible to grow two, and even three crops a year in the extreme South of China. The country's agriculture is traditionally plant growing, primarily grain oriented, grain makes up 3% of the country's diet, and the main food crops are rice, wheat, corn, kaoliang, millet, tubers and soybeans. Rice accounts for about 20% of the cultivated area; it accounts for about half of the total grain harvest in the country. The main rice growing areas are located south of the Yellow River. Over the centuries-old history of rice cultivation in China, about 10 thousand varieties have been bred. Wheat, the second most important grain crop in the country, began to spread from the 6th-7th centuries. To date, not one country in the world has such high yields of wheat as in China, in addition, sweet potatoes (yam) are grown in large quantities, the tubers of which are rich in starch and sugar.

In the conditions of China, the cultivation of industrial crops is of great importance. As a result of the prevailing price structure, their production is much more profitable than grain, cotton, vegetables and fruits, even though China ranks third in the world in growing, for example, cotton. In addition, the cultivation of oilseeds, which are the main source of edible fats, is widespread. The main ones are peanuts, rabbits and sesame seeds (grown in Shandong province).

Not the last place is occupied by China in the cultivation of tea, which has been used as a medicine since the 4th century AD, and from the 6th century it has become a generally accepted drink. Until now, most varieties of green and black tea are almost exclusively exported. Tea is grown in the provinces of Zhejiang, Hunan, Anhui, Fzuy.

The high population density and intensive use of the land fund are reflected, first of all, in the development of animal husbandry, the role of which is generally insignificant. Historically, two types of animal husbandry have developed in China. One is closely related to agriculture and has an auxiliary character; in the agricultural lowland areas, mainly pig, draft draft cattle and poultry are bred. The western regions are characterized by extensive, nomadic or semi-nomadic cattle breeding. Production and consumption of livestock products, especially per capita, are low. The most developed pig breeding, known in China even before our era, accounts for about 90% of all meat produced. Characteristic feature animal husbandry in China is a high proportion of draft animals and underdeveloped dairy farming.

China is the world's largest producer of many types of agricultural products. Recent years have been very favorable for the development of agriculture and all rural economy... In general, the success of the industry was ensured mainly by a high grain harvest (435 million tons of grain in 1995 - the highest level of production in history). In addition, the harvest of cotton and oilseeds has increased. Great efforts are being made to develop agriculture, to accelerate the creation of bases for forest exploration. Livestock breeding is also developing steadily, although pig breeding continues to be the main industry. China is currently the second largest meat producer in the world.

At the beginning of 1995, at the All-China Conference on the problems of work in the countryside, seven main directions in the field of agriculture were determined: stabilization and improvement of the main directions of economic policy in the countryside, an all-round increase in investment in agriculture, full use agricultural resources, the development of agriculture with an emphasis on agricultural technology, the reform of the structure of the circulation of products in agriculture, the continuation of the streamlining of the structure of agriculture, production and consumption, strengthening the macroeconomic regulation of agriculture.

The reform is based on the preservation of the main directions of agricultural policy with the introduction of family order systems, with the existence different forms property and management, as well as the organization of small rural enterprises. 1995 was the first year of the implementation of the task of bringing the agro-industrial complex to the first place in economic work... Increased attention to the agro-industrial complex provides, first of all, an increase in capital investments in the industry. In addition, in many provinces, the practice of obligatory participation of peasants in irrigation construction and other types of agricultural work is resumed. Years of targeted efforts to introduce high-yielding wheat and cotton varieties have yielded first results.

The successes in the development of the economy contributed to the stabilization of the economic situation, reduction of contradictions between public demand and supply, saturation of the market with agricultural products and lower prices.

At the present time, the basis of the agro-industrial complex in China is still agriculture, and ranks first in the world in the collection of rice, one of the first in the production of wheat and cotton.

The agro-industrial complex on a large territory of the country depends on artificial irrigation - one of the decisive measures to increase yields; the bulk of irrigated land is located in the so-called rice zone, located in the South and Southeast of China south of 32 degrees north latitude. Taking into account the peculiarities natural conditions and growing seasons, irrigation and harvesting in China can be divided into the following agricultural zones: one harvest zone per year (or zone of spring wheat and other spring crops), located north of the Great Wall of China, two harvest zones per year, covering areas along the Yellow River, the southern territories of the Cenlin Mountains and the northern territories of the Dayulin, Jiulianshan mountains, the zone of three harvests in two years (winter wheat zone), located to the West of the Lunyanshan and Huatzem mountains and the ripening zone of three crops per year, occupying the Pearl River basin and Minjiang in Guangdong province and coastal areas in Futsjian province.

Crop production is traditionally the leading branch of agriculture in China. The arable land area in China is about 100 million hectares, and there is a steady downward trend. It is widely used (up to 50% of arable land).

In terms of the variety of cultivated crops, it occupies one of the first places in the world: at present there are over 50 types of field crops, more than 80 types of garden crops and more than 60 types of horticultural crops.

Rice is the main sown crop, it can be cultivated almost throughout the country, but the northern border of the main rice cultivation areas runs along an isohyte of 750 mm., Approximately along the line of the Qinling ridge - r. ... In many areas, 2-3 harvests are harvested. The second most important crop is wheat (winter and spring). It is grown practically throughout the country. In Tibet, spring wheat crops reach an altitude of 4100 m.

Other important crops for China include corn, millet, gaoliang (a kind of sorghum), and barley.

The main oilseed crop is peanuts (Shandun Peninsula, eastern regions of the Great China).

Among legumes, the most common are soybeans, broad beans, and peas. More than 1200 varieties of soybeans have been bred for all climatic conditions.

Tuberous crops are used to grow sweet potatoes, potatoes, yams, taro, and cassava.

The most important industrial crops are cotton, sugar cane, tea, and sugar beets.

Animal husbandry in China remains a backward part of agriculture. His specific gravity in the total volume of agriculture. production is now about 20%.

In terms of livestock, China occupies one of the first places in the world: the country has about 40% of the world's pig population, 10% of sheep and goats, and 5% of cattle. However, in terms of production per capita, the PRC is noticeably lagging behind.

The most dynamically developing industry is poultry farming. The bird is raised mainly in private subsidiary plots(mainly chickens, turkeys, geese). Poultry meat production is about 1 million tons and is concentrated mainly in suburban areas.

Other widespread are beekeeping and silkworm breeding. Beekeeping is widespread throughout the country, but most strongly in Northeast China. In terms of honey export, China ranks 2nd in the world (gives 1/3 of world exports).

Sericulture is developing in the south of China (where the silkworm is grown) and in Northeast China (the oak silkworm).

The importance of water crafts in the PRC is great. Fish are raised in rice fields, and fish, shrimp, shellfish and seaweed are raised in the sea shallows.

The closed Chinese economy has been reoriented to the market since the end of the $ 70-s and today it is one of the largest in the world. Starting from $ 2010 $ a year, the country has become the world's largest exporter. Chinese reforms began in agriculture through gradual price liberalization, financial decentralization, increased autonomy for state enterprises... In addition, a diverse banking system was created, stock markets developed, and the private sector grew rapidly. The country opened up to foreign trade and investment. All the planned reforms were carried out gradually.

Remark 1

Today the country belongs to the world's main industrial superpower. It is a leader in the nuclear industry, space engineering, in the extraction of valuable ores, oil, uranium, and gas. Despite this, GDP is replenished mainly due to foreign trade... The world ranking shows that China's export volume is in the first position and revenues from this area account for about $ 80% of China's GDP. Export activities cover $ 20 million of workers, and the country has close trade relations with $ 182 countries around the world. Famous and demanded Chinese products are electronics, cars, textiles, toys, telecommunications equipment.

Finished works on a similar topic

Coursework Economy of the PRC 480 rubles.
Abstract Economy of the PRC 280 rubles.
Test Economy of the People's Republic of China 230 rubles.

There are hundreds of industries in the Chinese industry, both traditional for the country and new, rapidly developing ones. The latter include oil refining, pharmaceuticals, aviation and electronics manufacturing. Of great importance for the country is food industry... For more than thirty years, from $ 1978 to $ 2010, China's GDP increased by more than $ 10 times. Such a leap was facilitated by the restructuring of the economy and an increase in its efficiency. In terms of the total value of the country's services sector, China follows the United States. World economic crisis China did not pass by either; in $ 2009, the demand for Chinese exports decreased. But, I must say that China managed to recover to the growth of $ 10 $% per year, outstripping the industrial the developed countries.

The stimulus policy pursued by the ruling regime during the financial crisis allows the country's economy to grow at a steady pace. Economy of China in conditions market economy is developing under the leadership of the CCP on the basis of five-year plans. The country's leadership believes that by $ 2020, China will catch up with the United States in terms of total GDP revenue. For rapid structural changes in the economy, the country pays great attention to own system education, training of students abroad. The import of technologies that allow the development of progressive sectors of the economy - production software, new materials, biotechnology, healthcare. The country has created its own "Silicon Valley". There are also side effects of the intensification of production, first of all, hidden unemployment in rural areas. Experts believe that it exceeds the official figures - $ 4.6% - by about two times.

China industry

Business activity and industry in connection with the ongoing reforms have changed in territorial distribution. Industrial activity swept the coastal regions, which was a consequence of the influx of foreign investment and the formation of special economic zones.

China today is the world leader in:

Extraction of coal, ferrous and non-ferrous metal ores, wood;
Production of coke, ferrous metals, aluminum, zinc, tin, nickel;
Production household appliances- TVs, telephones, washing and sewing machines, watches, cameras, etc.
Food production - meat, grain, potatoes, vegetables, fruits;
Car production - in $ 2010, $ 18 million of cars rolled off the assembly line.

Industry in the country began to develop from the founding of the People's Republic. The most prioritized were mechanical engineering and the metallurgical industry, which even today give $ 20 - $ 30% of the cost of the full volume industrial production... It should be noted that the range and quality of products were low, and extensive growth prevailed over intensive. The structure of the industry of modern China is represented by $ 360 sectors. The country's GDP over the years of people's power has increased by more than $ 30 times. Over the past decade, it has steadily increased annually by $ 10%, outstripping the major developed countries of the world.

Coal industry in the structure of the fuel and energy balance it still occupies a leading place and remains at the level of $ 74%. Coal deposits are distributed unevenly throughout the country. The main deposits are concentrated in the north and northwest of China. The largest is the field near the city of Datong. Most of the coal is mined in the mines of Anhui and Shandong provinces. The coal mined here can be used in metallurgy and in everyday life. Coal is used at thermal power plants and railways China, where $ 9 / $ 10 of locomotives are steam locomotives.

Oil industry provides the country with $ 16 $% of foreign exchange earnings. More than $ 32 of companies are involved in oil production in the country, and some of the oil is exported to Japan. Large oil refineries are located in the provinces of Heilongjiang, Shandong, Dagang, Tsaidam, and Yumen. The search for oil continues on the continental shelf.

Chemical industry China is engaged in the production of fertilizers, plastics, synthetic fibers. The country is the world's leading producer of nitrogen fertilizers. The production of synthetic fabrics has caused the rapid growth of the textile industry, which is located everywhere, but there are also specialized textile centers - Shanghai, Guangzhou, Harbin.

Mechanical engineering provides a major export product. The reforms have had a positive impact on the automotive industry, and China is increasing their production every year, becoming the number one automaker in $ 2009. Since 2010, the PRC has been producing a lot Vehicle and at the same time is their largest buyer. Mechanical engineering is one of the important manufacturing branches of the Chinese industry, which employs $ 17 million people and produces $ 53 thousand products. Large enterprises are located in Shanghai, Shenyang, Harbin, Beijing, Dalian and others. Mechanical engineering enterprises produce not only cars, locomotives, equipment, but also ships of various types and classes. The country is in first place in the world for the production of bicycles.

V metallurgical the production employs more than $ 3 million. There are metallurgical plants in all provinces, autonomous regions and cities of central subordination. Metallurgical production has a low technical level and is partially updated due to imports. Metallurgical enterprises are very actively involved in air pollution, because about $ 70% of the plants operate without treatment facilities. There are more than $ 2 thousand of non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises in the country and they are located in such provinces as Liaoning, Hunan, Yunnan, Gansu, Guangxi. Chinese tin, antimony, mercury, tungsten and molybdenum concentrate have high demand in the foreign market. The country does not meet its domestic needs for such metals as aluminum, copper, lead, zinc and imports from other countries.

Textile and food belong to the leading branches of the Chinese industry today. They account for $ 21% of the gross industrial output. There are $ 23.3 thousand of textile enterprises, which annually produce products worth $ 123 billion yuan. $ 1/3 $ part of textile products meets world standards. The food industry in China has a very complex sectoral composition, which includes more than $ 40 sub-sectors. Food products are produced by about $ 70 thousand enterprises, with an annual production of $ 70 billion yuan.

Agriculture in China

Agriculture in China is the basis for the development of light industry and, above all, textile and food. Its leading industry is crop production... Throughout its history, the country has harvested in 2007 $ a record grain harvest - $ 500 million tons.

The Chinese government took special measures to support the peasants:

Agricultural tax exemption;
Slaughtering tax exemption;
Exemption from tax on special agricultural products;
Providing special subsidies for the purchase of agricultural machinery;
The minimum purchase prices of the state for grain crops;
Simplified scheme for obtaining loans;
Provision of gratuitous assistance.

In $ 2006 $, the peasants were allocated funds in the amount of $ 1.4 billion. Dollars. All these activities allowed the Chinese peasant to feel confident in the future. The peasantry was engulfed social system insurance including social benefits, social insurance, health insurance, etc. The Chinese government plans to turn the country into a leading power in rural science by $ 2020.

Not only at the present time, but also in the near future, the priorities in the development of agriculture are:

Intensification of state policy in the interests of agriculture;
Growth in peasant incomes and guaranteed supplies of major agricultural products;
Infrastructure construction in agriculture and improvement of conditions for this;
The development of science and technology and the strengthening of their role in the development of agriculture.

Main production areas grains- Sichuan, Jiangsu, Shandong, Huan, Henan. Wheat occupies $ 1/6 $ of the total sown area, and rice takes $ 20%.

A variety of oilseeds, the main of which are peanuts, sesame seeds

Numerous varieties green and black tea have export value. The main regions of tea growing are Zhejiang, Hunan, Anhui, Fujian.

Sericulture- a traditional branch of agriculture - China ranks first in the world for the production of silk fabrics.

The country's crop production is not only engaged in the cultivation of grain crops. For export vegetables and fruits China ranks first in the world and can fully satisfy not only domestic demand. Fruit production accounts for $ 17 $% of the world's total.

Livestock breeding also belongs to the steadily developing industries, among which the leading are pig breeding, cattle breeding. Poultry farming is developed in the regions of large cities. Fishing is practiced in the coastal regions of the country.

Remark 2

For agriculture in China, the development of ancillary industry is characteristic - weaving of mats, baskets, collection of medicinal plants.

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