Production of cinder blocks as a profitable own business. Overview of the Cinder Block Business Cinder Block Business

The building materials market in Russia is actively developing, which contributes to an increase in the share of cinder block production. More and more are being built in our country, which requires a huge amount of inexpensive but high-quality materials for the construction of new buildings.

And it is cinder blocks that are especially in demand today in this market.

The reason for the popularity of cinder blocks lies in their versatility. They are used for the construction of mainly low-rise buildings - private houses and cottages, workshops, garages, utility blocks. The advantages of this material lie in increased heat and sound insulation, while the cost of a cinder block is much lower than for bricks, foam blocks and other building materials.

It is not difficult to open a business for the production of cinder blocks, since the technology for their manufacture is quite simple, and the raw materials are available and do not require significant costs. In the presence of simple technical equipment, a suitable site and funds for the purchase of a batch of raw materials, any novice entrepreneur can become the owner of his own small but profitable enterprise.

How to fill the cinder block

In order to open a business for the production of cinder block bricks, an entrepreneur, first of all, will need a good vibrating machine. For small workshops, small-sized electric machines of domestic production are often used. Cement, water, plasticizing additive, as well as a variety of fillers are used as initial components for the manufacture of cinder blocks. It can be sawdust, sand, gypsum, crushed stone, expanded clay, ash or brick scrap. The choice of filler depends on the requirements for the manufactured cinder blocks, on the characteristics of the local climate, as well as the planned cost of production.

Another important point in the process of creating a business is the choice of a production site. The most expensive option is a closed space in which you can work all year round. A prerequisite is the presence of a flat concrete floor. The room should have high-quality ventilation, and in the cold season, heating will have to be carried out. A more economical option is an open area, which requires preliminary preparation. In order for it to be level, it can be asphalted, concreted, or simply level the surface of the earth.

If you are thinking about the prospects for the further development of your business, be sure to use a professional business plan for the production of cinder blocks. In some cases, it turns out that there is simply nowhere to expand production, and it is not always possible to realize this fact without the support of professionals. With the help of this document, you will not only be able to foresee possible risks, but also deal with such complex issues as finding a market for products, fighting competitors and improving production technology.

Production of cinder blocks

DIY cinder blocks machine for the production of cinder blocks

Cinder blocks, a very popular and demanded building material.

Business plan for the production of cinder blocks with calculations

It is made by vibrocompression in the form of a concrete solution. With a small amount of construction, you may not even need a machine for the production of cinder blocks, although with it things will go much faster.

What are cinder blocks and what are they made of?

Such material as cinder blocks is made of concrete, to which ash, slag, residual products of coal combustion, or any other cheap and affordable material are added.

The production technology and composition of cinder blocks are widely known, and many private developers have used it to build their homes. The manufacturing process consists of several stages:

1. Mixing a concrete mixture of cement, water and any slag suitable for the technology by hand or using a mixer or concrete mixer.

2. Pouring the resulting mixture into a special mold for cinder blocks, which can be either with or without special voids.

3. Compaction of the poured mass in the mold under the influence of pressure and vibration.

4. Removing the mold from the cinder block to dry it.

As a rule, on simple vibropresses without a clamp, the process takes from 60 to 90 seconds, but if you buy a machine for the production of cinder blocks with a force of several tons and a clamp, then the vibration pressing time can be significantly reduced.

5. In order for blocks made of slag to gain strength, and they can be stored and transported, they need to "mature" for two to four days at natural temperature environment... For the complete hardening of vibroconcrete stones, as cinder blocks are also called, it takes a month, while the ambient temperature should not be lower than +1 ° C and a high level of humidity must be constantly maintained. The higher the temperature external environment, the faster the cinder blocks gain strength.

Block Making Equipment

If you have a small construction on your own site, then questions about the equipment will not arise. Today the practice of renting equipment is quite common. For a moderate fee, you can rent for a few hours or more long term, the necessary devices, thanks to which the productivity will be higher, and you will not have to spend your own physical strength will remain: a concrete mixer, a vibrating machine and a vibrating sieve.

In the event that the volume of construction is large, it is easier to order a vibrating machine for the production of cinder blocks from the manufacturer or in a special store and purchase it. There are many designs of such devices, but for individual construction and small business, the best option would be models of small-sized cinder block vibrating machines, for example, the "Builder's Dream" M310 or such hand-held machines with lever-operated forms such as 1IKS or MARS.

More powerful and productive, but correspondingly more expensive, are machines with lever clamping and form lifting, such as Comanche and Dragon. Unlike М310, MARS and 1IKS, which capacity is 200-400 pieces, they can produce up to 600 blocks per day. All building block machines require 220W electricity. The table shows the technical characteristics and prices of the most popular vibrating machines.

From the presented table it can be seen that for a private developer, the most suitable machines, both in price and in performance, will be the M310, 1IKS and MARS machines.

For those who want to organize the production of cinder blocks with their own hands, or are engaged in contract construction, Comanche and Dragon will be more profitable acquisitions. But before you start like this own business, it is imperative to calculate the costs, analyze the needs of the region where it is planned to deploy activities, and, only on the basis of all this information, form your own business plan for the production of cinder blocks.

Vibrating machine Dragon, despite the rather high price, has a number of undeniable advantages. First of all, the matrix, frame, clamp and wheels are reinforced in comparison with the Comanche. And it is equipped with a more powerful vibrator - the industrial IV-99.

By choosing the most suitable for your conditions and financial capacity, you can order a vibrating machine for the production of cinder blocks both from the manufacturer and in stores. Of course, the manufacturer's price will be lower, but do not forget about the cost of delivery services.

Business plan "Production of cinder blocks"

According to the testimony of experts in the field of economics, one of the most promising areas commercial activities is the production of building and finishing materials. The demand for these products is not decreasing, which is why starting your own business in an industry related to the production of any type of building material is a promising and profitable business. So, the direction of activity has been determined, it remains to decide only on the specific type of material produced, for example, you can choose the production of cinder blocks. This material is in constant demand as in construction firmsand from individuals.

The advantage of opening a mini-business for the production of cinder blocks is explained by the fact that it is better to purchase this material in small businesses than in large factories.

Dignity of the same material are:

wide area of \u200b\u200bapplication (use in the construction of garages, workshops, utility blocks, summer cottages, houses, etc.);
good heat and sound insulation properties;
lower cost compared to other materials (brick or foam block);
no need to involve bricklayers in the work.

In order to open your own enterprise for the production of cinder blocks, you should draw up a business plan with the calculation of all the required indicators for business case the feasibility of launching the project, and also take into account in this project all the nuances of doing business in this area of \u200b\u200bmanagement.

Premises

A special place in drawing up a business plan should be attributed to the selection of a suitable premises for future production. In this choice, there are several options:

A covered room with a concrete floor, while the floor surface must be flat. To ensure the normal functioning of the production, you should take care that the room has ventilation and heating systems in good condition.
Production of cinder blocks as a profitable own business

It is better to rent such a room for the first time.
An outdoor area, however also equipped with a level floor. Such a floor can be earthen, asphalt or concrete.

The total area of \u200b\u200bthe premises for the placement of the entire production workshop must be at least 100 sq. meters.

It is recommended to look for a location for a production workshop near cement plants, sand pits, etc. in order to reduce the cost of transporting raw materials to the place of their processing and production of finished cinder blocks.

In addition, it is desirable that the production location is located on close range from sales points finished products... All of these measures are aimed at reducing production costs and increasing the level of business income.

Raw materials and equipment

In any business plan (including for the production of cinder blocks), particular importance is attached to the description of the equipment and raw materials used.

The key setting in the equipment is the vibrator

The key setting in the equipment used is the vibrating machine; it can be involved in production in the form of various modifications.

The main raw materialsused in the production of cinder blocks is:

water;
filler;
plasticizing additive;
cement.

Various materials can be used as a filler, the choice of a particular one depends on the financial capabilities of a businessman, as well as the requirements for the final product of manufacture. Most commonly used fillers are:

sand;
shavings;
crushed stone;
expanded clay;
gypsum;
screening out;
sawdust;
granulated slag;
scrap brick;
slag.

In the business plan itself, a detailed recipe for the production of cinder blocks must be provided, with the exact dosages of each type of raw material and additives used. A plasticizing additive must be used without fail, since it increases the strength, frost resistance and water resistance of the finished cinder blocks.

Staff

It takes 3-4 workers to service production

In the business plan for opening a cinder block production, issues related to the recruitment of personnel should be sanctified. To service a mini-production, it is enough to attract 3-4 workers, while their experience of work of a similar kind is not at all required.

You should also decide in what mode the production workshop will work, if it is planned to work continuously in 2 shifts (with the aim of greater output and corresponding production profit), then workers should be hired in the amount of 4 people to work 2 people in each shift.

In order for the production to function normally, the recruited employees can be trained and explained all the responsibilities for ensuring the production process right on the spot.

Marketing program

For the success of the whole business as a whole and to prevent unprofitableness of the enterprise on initial stage work in the business plan must be clearly spelled out the marketing program. It can include various instruments, for example, setting a lower retail price for produced cinder blocks in comparison with similar goods from other manufacturers at the initial stage of the enterprise. This will increase the competitiveness of your production and attract the attention of more potential buyers.

Finance

There is a count at the end of each business plan financial indicators, reflecting the feasibility of launching a new project or lack thereof.

For example, if the finished product will be sold at an average price of 1,700 per 1 cu. meter, then the profit from the sale of this amount of products will be 5,000 - 6,000 rubles daily. The result of such activities will be the payback period of the entire project, which will come in about 2-3 months.

Expenditure part financial indicators at the initial stage of project implementation include:

rent of premises for production placement (outside the city) - 40,000 rubles per month;
purchase of equipment - 1,800,000 rubles;
purchase of primary raw materials - 100,000 rubles;
staff salary - 80,000 rubles per month.

After calculating the income and expenses of the business, it can be noted that the net profit for the business project will be about 555,000 rubles per month.

Download the business plan for the production of cinder blocks for 350 rubles, from our partners, with a quality guarantee. In the public domain, on the Internet, it is not.
Business plan content:
1. Confidentiality
2. Summary
3. Stages of project implementation
4. Characteristics of the object
5. Marketing plan
6. Technical and economic data of equipment
7. Financial plan
8. Risk assessment
9. Financial and economic justification of investments
10. Conclusions

Below is a video containing useful tips starting a business related to the production of cinder blocks

Outcome

Despite the tough enough competitive environment in this industry, the business associated with the production of cinder blocks may well become promising and profitable, and bring stable profits. For this, a competent business plan must be drawn up, which in the future must be implemented in compliance with all the nuances of doing business for this industry.

Readers interested in this topic can download a free sample of drawing up a business plan "Production of cinder blocks".

Modern construction market has long been trading platform, on which new construction technologies and materials for their implementation are born and go to the masses. But in all this variety, the consumer always opts for materials that are relatively inexpensive and at the same time easy to work with. Block products are just such cost-effective and easy-to-install materials.

From the foregoing, everyone will be able to conclude that their own business based on the manufacture of cinder blocks can be profitable. But in order to understand the full benefits of this idea, one should not only familiarize oneself with the technology according to which such a building material can be made, but also know the cost of a cinder block made by one's own hands. It should also be noted that this type of building materials and equipment used in their manufacture do not need a mandatory certification procedure, which greatly simplifies the life of entrepreneurs engaged in such production.

Basics of cinder block production

Before you start organizing the production process and purchasing the necessary equipment and materials, you should take the time to thoroughly analyze the market situation over the past few years. Such an analysis will easily reveal that over the past 5 years, the popularity of cinder block as a building material has increased at a rapid rate.

This building material has become the main one in such matters as the construction of garages, the construction of summer cottages and annexes to country houses.

Workshops, production workshops are erected from cinder blocks at an enviable speed, warehouses, country estates and even large and multi-storey buildings of industrial and residential type. Such versatility and demand for cinder blocks lies in the combination of the main characteristics of the material, such as:

low price range;
ease of use;
optimal dimensions of each piece product;
low weight of one block;
high strength indicators;
enviable durability;
excellent insulation performance, resistance to noise penetration and heat retention.

An analysis of the market situation certainly leads to the conclusion that selling is a rather profitable scheme, especially if we take into account the cost of such a product, which will be discussed later. Such a study of the market of each entrepreneur will lead to one of the most important manufacturing questions: what is the manufacturing technology of such products?

Back to the table of contents

What is needed to start production?

In order to make cinder blocks yourself, you should make sure that everything that is presented in the following list is prepared in advance:

Vibrating machine. It is the basic equipment required for the production of such building materials. The machines themselves are produced in a huge variety of designs, but experience has shown that in order to manufacture cinder blocks, the most convenient and effective design will be the construction of a vibrating machine model "M330". Such a sled is hand-held and small-sized.
For high-quality operation of this machine, you should not create any special conditions... He will need electricity from the most common household electrical network of 220 V, which should please novice entrepreneurs even more.
In order for the manufactured cinder blocks to differ in quality, the site on which the production process will be carried out must be relatively flat, there must also be a properly working ventilation system in the room, and it must be heated during the cold season.

Back to the table of contents

Homemade cinder block production technology

Now that all of the above conditions are met and the production site is prepared, you should familiarize yourself in detail with the technology of creation, according to which the production will be carried out. First of all, you need to take care of the presence of all necessary materials:

Cement. This material of the M400 brand is best suited for this production process.
Filler. Various natural or industrial materials can act as a filler for a cinder block. Such as sand, expanded clay, sawdust, slag, broken bricks and more.
Simple clean water.
Plasticizer.

This material is not an obligatory participant in the solution for making a cinder block, but its presence is desirable. Plasticizing additives will speed up the hardening time of the blocks, improve their quality characteristics and indicators of resistance to low temperatures.

After all the necessary materials have been prepared, you can proceed to the production process itself. Cinder blocks are made in accordance with the following step-by-step instructions:

Preparation of concrete mortar. In measured proportions, all the ingredients of the solution are mixed. Stirring, of course, can be done in any convenient way, but for the production process it would be superfluous to purchase a concrete mixer.
Forming. The prepared solution is poured into the vibrator purchased in advance and the device is turned on for a few seconds.

The mortar settles and the worker needs to level it from above using any convenient tool, usually a trowel. The clamp is installed, the clamp is slightly pressed and the device is turned on again. The operating time of the vibrating machine directly depends on the qualities of the solution poured into it, and on the design of the poured block.

Without turning off the device, raise the machine, in the place of which the finished product will remain.

Drying. The drying process of the molded mortar usually takes about 2 days, after which the finished cinder blocks are removed from the production workshop to the warehouse. Well, if among the ingredients of the solution there are plasticizing additives, then, according to their instructions, you can send finished products to the warehouse after 6 hours of drying.

It is recommended to stack cinder blocks for storage in pyramidal stacks, no more than 100 blocks in each pyramid, it is more convenient to store and easier to count. It would also be useful to mark the production date of the blocks included in it on each pyramid.

To our great regret in the CIS countries, and in particular in Russia production it is very poorly established, we are talking about absolutely all industries, for example, cars that are comparable in cost to foreign cars have much worse technical characteristics and quality, and this despite the fact that they are made in our country, investing huge funds allocated from the budget (read - ours with you), and progress is not visible.

Almost any product that is considered good and of high quality is imported, of course, some types of equipment needed in construction and other industries are produced from us, but they are bought only when there is not enough money to purchase a quality analogue from a foreign manufacturer, or the volumes are small ... But not everything is so bad, there are areas where the situation is better, this is food production and various materials from raw materials, for example, most of the products that you see and purchase every day in supermarkets, stores and on the market are produced by "our" companies, not all of them perform the entire cycle of work independently, for example, when it comes to milk - many dairies buy it from farmers, but they themselves are only engaged in cleaning it, as well as "dividing" it into milk and cream directly, then dairy products (cottage cheese, cheese, whey, etc.) are produced from it.

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If you want to start your own small production and are looking for a suitable option, then we have how to help you. The production of cinder blocks - a business plan for which is not so difficult, you can open it quite quickly, and you can start the production of the first batches literally on the second or third day, how to install all the necessary equipment and bring in the materials from which the building material itself will be made later ...

New building materials appear every month, manufacturers promise unusual properties, a low price and even a mountain of everything, however, as a rule, they do not find widespread use in the market, since their cost is much higher than the "usual" materials that have been used everywhere for decades. and the pros are questionable. Brick and cinder block are now very popular and will remain so for a long time, since no competitors are visible on the horizon, joining the release of these means having a chance to make good money, in the production itself, as a process, there is nothing complicated, even a person, never dealing with the production of goods, construction business and in general, he will figure out entrepreneurship in a couple of weeks, the difficulty lies in just the other - to whom and how to sell the produced material.

In most cases, the production of cinder blocks is opened after they have agreed on the supply of a large batch, so as not to "fly over" by spending on equipment, salaries of workers and rent of premises, but this is not the only wayHaving studied our business plan, the production of cinder blocks and their subsequent implementation will not seem so difficult.

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What is needed to start the production of cinder blocks

Now we turn directly to the part of the business plan about the production of cinder blocks, how much money is required and for what. The most important thing is equipment, even without proper premises, you can produce cinder blocks in your own yard, or even rent it from neighbors who do not use free space, without equipment you will not be able to establish the production of high-quality cinder blocks.

So, we need the following set of equipment and tools:

A wheelbarrow for the solution (to take it from the "mixer" to the molds), which costs absolutely "minimum", even for 1,000 rubles you can buy a suitable option for us. Forms will not cost too much, of course, it depends on their quality and "life span", there are disposable ones, but there are those that can serve you faithfully for several years, the latter will certainly cost more. The cinder block machine is one of the main in this production, it is better to buy a new one, it is not worth saving, especially since you will not have to spend so much money to start the production of cinder blocks, and buying used equipment will cost even more for yourself (in one wonderful moment it will break, you will have to spend your own money again, and in addition to this, the work will rise for a day or two). It is also better to buy a new concrete mixer, given the cost of several hundred dollars, you certainly do not go broke.

Of the additional requirements, it is worth noting the importance of having a constant source of water nearby, we will need it in the business of producing large quantities of cinder blocks, as well as a flat surface (this means that a "crooked garage" will not work).

As you can see, the business plan for the production of cinder blocks is not very costly and will be affordable for any person who knows how to save money (we will give detailed calculations below, in a separate part of our article), so if you have a desire and free money, you can try your luck on this field.

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Income and payback of this type of business

On average, as experienced people say, the payback of a business for the production of cinder blocks is no more than 3 months, often - 1.5-2, depends on many factors (what equipment and in what quantity was bought, where the material is produced, etc., because the rental cost, raw materials and labor vary greatly from city to city).

So, how much money is required to start - the 2 most important pieces of equipment will pull about $ 1,500 - $ 2,500, about $ 500-1000 will be required to rent a suitable room, the associated costs (wheelbarrow, hose, molds) will cost another $ 500 - 1000 $, also do not forget about raw materials and labor - depending on what size the first batch is planned, your costs may vary, but prepare about another couple of thousand dollars (people can work both in 2 shifts of 2 people, and 2 people in one shift, respectively, this directly affects labor costs and the amount of material produced). The total is about $ 7,000 - $ 8,000, which, given the profitability, is not so much, from each cinder block sold at favorable price, you can count on a profit of several tens of percent.

The main risk in this business is spending money and not selling the product, or making it of a terrible quality, for example, when the workers confused the proportions while mixing raw materials, or did not follow technological standards, in this case you will spoil not only the raw materials, but also lose precious time.

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Difficulties and nuances of a business plan for the production of cinder blocks

If you have studied in detail all the previous points of our business plan, then you can already guess in general terms what will be needed to start production and sale of finished products. But there are many pitfalls that we would like to talk about in more detail, because not everyone wants to learn from their own experience, and there is no need for this, because why make mistakes where others have already done it for you.

First, a little preface - today most in demand on the construction market, the construction of small cottages and houses, as well as extensions to existing buildings, is used, even in the crisis years of 2008-2009, this market sector did not stand, like everyone else, because those who started the construction of a future home are unlikely to stop this business without good reason or some serious obstacle (for example, the final impossibility of further financing due to the deprivation of funds). It is here that our material is used - cinder block. This we mean that the biggest problem is not sales, but the sale of this building material, in addition to it, related services should also be offered ( free shipping, super-low prices and stuff like that), we recommend to establish contacts with those who have been engaged in construction for a long time and on an ongoing basis, while not bothering to create the production of all the necessary materials, you can make good money, and builders will get rid of the problem with constant search for manufacturers.

Do not lose sight of the Internet, commercial ads, thematic forums (where those who are engaged in construction on their own, etc.) will help attract additional customers, albeit with small volumes, but there can be quite a lot of them if you are active in this direction.

It is not difficult to organize a business for the production of cinder blocks: the technology is simple, the raw materials are cheap. However, a careful calculation of profitability is required. This niche cannot be called free, which means that the products must be competitive in quality and price.

Cheap wall materials are in demand in the construction of summer cottages, garages, utility buildings, and sometimes industrial facilities. The production of cinder blocks as a business is attractive due to the simple technology, the cheapness of raw materials and the breadth of the sales market. Currently, not only slag is used for their manufacture, but other fillers. The outdated name is strongly associated with the low-grade building material of the Soviet era, from which it was customary to build mainly cowsheds. Modern blocks have little in common with it, they are often called according to the composition of the main components or manufacturing technology.

Raw materials, varieties, certification

In fact, any cinder block is an artificial building stone obtained from concrete mortar. Composition for 80 - 90%: boiler slag, metallurgical waste, granite crushed stone and screening, brick breakage, sand. Modern environmentally friendly components are becoming more and more popular: expanded clay (expanded clay), arbolite (wood pellets, sawdust), polystyrene (porous plastics). Depending on this, a wide variety of names of the finished product arise. The bonding mass is represented by cement, sometimes with the use of plasticizing additives that accelerate the hardening process (Table 1).

When planning the production of cinder blocks, you need to have answers to three main questions:

what materials are available for use as filler;
what types of stone are in demand in a particular area;
what is more profitable to use as an advantage: price or quality of products.

The most interesting thing is that the cinder block is not subject to mandatory certification. Unlike the constituent components: cement, sand, gravel, chemical additives - they must comply with established standards. If desired, the manufacturer can pass it on a voluntary basis in any appropriate laboratory. The products will be checked for compliance with GOST 6665-91 "Concrete wall stones. Specifications". This will require:

certificate of state registration (OGRN, INN);
technical conditions, if any (TU);
application and details of the enterprise.

The absence of Gost, on the one hand, unties the hands, and on the other, it gives rise to certain problems. Buyers are critical of the seller's unfounded statements, and the presence of a certificate is a convincing argument when choosing a building material. The use of industrial waste is especially not encouraged - such products are difficult to classify as environmentally friendly materials.

Cinder block production technology

The full cycle of manufacturing building stone includes:

kneading the original semi-rigid mixture in a mixer or concrete mixer;
loading concrete into a matrix (with or without a void former);
leveling the mixture, sealing corners (with manual loading);
compaction of the solution by means of vibration (from 2 to 30 seconds) and a clamp;
demoulding by lifting the die; the block remains on the floor or pallet;
transportation finished products to the final drying point.

The hard solution does not allow the block to crumble after pressing, and to lose shape after drying. The temperature in the working room must be at least 1 ° C. Hardening to a degree that allows handling takes place within 1.5 - 4 days. By adding special plasticizers, it can be reduced to several hours. The final ripening is carried out on shelves, or outdoors, at natural temperature for a month. The humidity should be high, sometimes steaming is used.

Common types of equipment

The principle of operation, as well as the performance, of most mechanical, semi-automatic machines differs little from each other. Rather, when choosing, attention is paid to the reliability of materials, design features, ease of use. They can be conditionally divided into three groups:

simple machine tools using manual labor, (popularly known as "vapyrki"); with or without low-power vibrators;
semi-automatic vibrating presses equipped with additional elements facilitating labor: lifting mechanism, rollback, etc .;
automatic lines, including forced action concrete mixers, buckets with batchers, conveyors, vibropresses in one process.

If we talk about small business, then most of them use mechanical machines and vibropresses. For example, on one of the most large Internet shops put up 175 offers for the sale of equipment for the manufacture of cinder blocks. Consider what manufacturers offer.

1 Machine tools with low power vibrator.

They occupy about half of the total supply - 80 pieces at a price of up to 50,000 rubles. About 40 models are sold at a price of up to 25,000 rubles (RMU-1, Strom-unique, 1X Universal, Mars, M3 K). The principle of operation of "simplified" vibration is that it allows you to shape a semi-rigid concrete mass using a matrix.

Most of these devices (Fig. 1) have a productivity of 200 - 1,000 blocks per day. Mixing of mortar, feeding into molds, leveling are done manually. They differ in the power of the electric motor, the number of matrices (from 1 to 4 pieces), the design of the lifting mechanism, the possibility of rolling back the machine. Working on them is hard physical labor, the geometry of the products is difficult to maintain.

This category also includes some of the machines with enhanced vibration costing 50,000 - 100,000 rubles (Fig. 2). The number of proposals is about 30. In principle, they do not differ from their low-powered counterparts. Usually they have a larger number of dies (up to 8 pieces), some models have a table, others have wheeled mechanisms, and so on.

According to concrete practitioners, an increase in the number of matrices does not lead to a direct increase in efficiency. Productivity is a relative concept when it comes to manual or semi-mechanized labor. Such machines are more difficult to maintain, at least two people must work on them. They practically do not reduce costs, but they are more expensive.

2 Semi-automatic hydraulic vibrating presses.

This group includes machine tools, devices costing from 170,000 to 470,000 rubles (Stroy-Profi-4, Sirgis-3, Rifey, Skala 15ML, Mastek-Meteor, Universal). Usually they are designed for the production of 3 - 4 blocks per cycle, the pressure on the concrete mass is 2,000 - 5,000 kg, the pressing time is up to 30 seconds. A significant advantage (in addition to facilitating physical labor) is the high quality of products. Shaping tooling (die, punch) ensures precise geometry. The capacity is positioned as 120 - 180 pieces / hour, that is, from 1,000 to 2,000 per shift.

Features:

automatic, semi-automatic control; minimum of manual labor;
high quality, good geometry of products, different types of blocks;
additional equipment for the production of curbs, paving slabs;
unloading bunkers, belt conveyors; shock-absorbing springs;
the ability to connect to a line with other equipment;
production of blocks with a decorative surface: smooth, corrugated, stone-like.

3 Mini-factories for the production of cinder blocks.

The price of automated lines that implement a full production cycle from forced mixing of the initial mass in a concrete mixer, with automatic feeding, pressing and drying (steaming) - from 2 to 5 million rubles. They are distinguished by their high productivity, giving out up to 400 finished blocks (80 pallets) per hour of operation, as a rule, they are completed with a set of replaceable modules for the production of other types of concrete products (up to 350 pieces). The set includes forced action concrete mixers, high-power vibropresses, vibrating tables, overpasses. Such mini-factories are produced by LLC Mastek and some other manufacturers (Fig. 3).

Investment, payback, profitability

Slag blocks belong to small-piece concrete products along with cellular concrete (foam and gas blocks). The main advantage is low price... A special feature is seasonal demand, because they prefer to build construction in the summer. In addition, stone wall materials are not equally in demand across regions. You can indirectly estimate the need by the distribution of the main competitor - bricks (Fig. 5).

The amount of investment depends on the type of equipment purchased, the availability of filler (mainly local materials), and the cost of cement - this is the most expensive part of the raw material.

For example, we will give the calculation of the cost of costs for 1 cinder block at the prices of the Middle Urals in 2015.

cement - 9.28 rubles. (3.5 kg);
screening of granite - 1.12 rubles. (9.3 kg);
sand - 3.16 rubles. (9.3 kg);
e / energy - 0.44 rubles;
salary - 2.18 rubles.

Total: unit costs are RUB 16.17. A year ago, it was approximately at the level of 12, 24 rubles.

For 9 months of 2015, the average cement price increased by 1.9% and amounted to 3,931 rubles / ton in October (2,858 rubles for the same period in 2014). And its consumption decreased by 11% (Fig. 6).

The cost of one standard cinder block ranges from 27 to 29 rubles per piece, expanded clay block is more expensive: 37 to 39 rubles. At first glance, the profitability seems high, but it is still necessary to add the cost of equipment, rental of premises for production and storage.

Other things to consider when planning:

building materials are not characterized by elastic demand - a decrease in prices has little effect on sales volumes; the buyer prefers quality, since the period of use is long;
do not rely on the equipment performance parameters specified by the manufacturer; in reality, it is usually 15-20% lower;
at the beginning of work, time will be spent on the selection of the optimal ratio of components, development of technology - the quality of the product strongly depends on the equipment used and the composition of the mixture.

Summary

It is impossible to say unequivocally whether the manufacture of cinder blocks is profitable or not. In each case, a huge number of local factors must be taken into account: demand, access to cheap (or even free) filler, the number of competitors, the cost of labor in the region, its organization, delivery cost, product quality. It all depends on what goal the entrepreneur faces: to make a living for the family, or to reach a certain business level.

The most difficult thing in this business is to find a niche in the sales market. Business is more successful for those who travel “on the shoulders of the builders” - that is, they start work, having secured certain guarantees. To those who count on end consumer - more difficult. Although right now, during the crisis, they have started to order less services and build more on their own.

There is a large number of building materials on the market for the construction of walls, partitions and cladding. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages. But the most popular are those that, at a low price, are highly durable.

Cinder block just fits into this category. The production of this building stone is very promising business idea. The article presents detailed business cinder block production plan. We describe the specifics of the case, specify the approximate time frame for reaching the break-even point.

What are cinder blocks: a short description, composition

Cinder block is a building stone made of various materials by vibrocompression. In fact, he is an artificial stone. The production technology was developed back in the 19th century - then slag was the filler: waste obtained from incineration coal... Hence the name of the building material.

Now other materials are used as filler:

granite screening;
broken brick, concrete, cement;
fine gravel, crushed stone, sand;
sawdust.

The composition affects the characteristics of the cinder block. Sawdust makes the material more environmentally friendly; sand and crushed stone - heavier, more monolithic. The effect of each filler can be studied separately. When choosing a cinder block in terms of composition, it is important to build on specific goals - decide whether you will use the blocks for the construction of residential or utility buildings.

The filler is mixed with water and bound with cement. After that, the mixture is sent for shaping and compaction into a vibrating machine.

Application and types of cinder blocks

Now this building material is more often used in the construction of non-residential buildings: garages, sheds, swimming pools, outbuildings, fences. This is due to the peculiarities of the cinder block.

There are several types of material:

Full-bodied, wall. These are solid blocks that are used to create the structure of the building, load-bearing walls.
Full-bodied, fundamental. Used when laying foundations. They are durable, are characterized by increased strength, do not shrink, the material does not crumble.
Hollow. They have internal voids. Cheaper but less durable. Needed for interior walls and partitions.
Facing. They have a decorative coating, texture on one side. They are used for decoration of walls and fences from the front side.

The main characteristics of cinder blocks

One of the main parameters of cinder block stone is strength grade. The parameter value is in the range from 35 to 125. Indicates the maximum weight (in kg) that the material can carry per 1 sq. cm (35-125 kg).

The cinder block of the M35 brand is the most fragile, used for insulation.
M50, M75 are needed for the installation of partitions, internal walls.
M100, M125 are considered the most durable, used when laying the foundation, load-bearing walls. Accordingly, the larger the number in the brand of cinder block, the greater the load it can withstand.

Frost resistance is estimated in cycles: 15-50. The higher the value, the better the stone can withstand low temperatures. In central Russia, a 35 cinder block is used, in the northern regions of the country - 50.

The thermal conductivity coefficient of cinder concrete is 0.27-0.65 W / m * K.

Market situation

Since the late 2000s, the housing market in Russia has been growing steadily. Increased as the number construction companiesand the solvency of citizens. In 2007-2014. the volume of individual residential construction increased from 26 million sq. m up to 36 million sq. m.

Since 2014, due to the growth of political and macroeconomic instability in the world and in Russia, the actual indicator has fallen. Now construction is being restored, and by 2020 the volume is projected to grow to 40 million sq. m.

The current situation in the economy (a decrease in the real level of income of Russians) gives certain advantages to producers of cinder blocks. People continue to look for cheaper construction methods, and this building material fully meets their needs. A "window of opportunity" opens up for the cinder block business - there is an excellent chance to gain a foothold in the market.

The main costs of starting a production

The opening of a small cinder block production does not require serious capital investments. For work, you need manual equipment of low productivity.

Table 1. The main costs for starting a business for the production of cinder blocks.

The prices here and below are determined based on the study of the offer on the Internet, the cost of renting premises and the value average salary in the regions of Russia.

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You can register a business as an individual entrepreneur or LLC. When choosing an OPF, you need to build on the volume of production and the available distribution channels. Keep in mind that large retail chains prefer to cooperate with legal entities.

This business plan for cinder blocks involves opening a small production workshop at home, so an individual entrepreneur will be the best form of doing business. Registration in this case is faster, requires less money and effort to collect documents.

When choosing a taxation system, it is best to take a "simplified tax". When registering a new construction business, the documents must indicate the OKVED code 23.69.

Certification

According to Russian legislation, cinder blocks do not have to be certified in accordance with GOST requirements. But it is strongly recommended to do this, because a product with a certificate of conformity will sell better. In addition, some stores, when accepting goods for sale by one of mandatory conditions put the availability of documentation confirming the quality of the building material.

You can get a voluntary GOST certificate. It also has a good effect on the sales of EZ - the expert opinion of Rospotrebnadzor, which can actually be obtained after checking the products by experts from the state authority. EZ guarantees the safety of products, their compliance with hygienic and sanitary standards.

Production room

For the manufacture of artificial building stone, you will need a room with an area of \u200b\u200bat least 40 sq. m. It should be divided into a production workshop, warehouses and a room for drying finished products.

In summer, it is possible to produce and store products in the air under an awning.

The space requirements are as follows:

flat floor;
protection from precipitation (serviceable roof);
connection to the water supply;
bright lighting;
excellent ventilation system;
heating system (for work in the cold season).

There are no other requirements. This means that an entrepreneur can organize the production of cinder blocks even in a garage or a similar room - subject to its arrangement. There are also no requirements for the remoteness of the workshop from the residential area.

Equipment

The manufacture of cinder blocks within a small business at home involves the use of small equipment - a manually operated vibration machine. So it will be possible to minimize the initial costs and quickly create commodity stocks for further implementation.

Table 2. Equipment costs for the workshop.

The work will be carried out in 1 shift. With the increase in sales, a second shift can be opened.

Workers

The production workshop must employ 2 people. No skilled workers are needed to maintain the process. It is enough to train employees to operate equipment. Humans act as maintenance personnel because equipment does most of the work.

You also need a sales representative (driver), whose tasks are to look for customers, conclude contracts with them and sell cinder blocks, organize delivery.

The role of a senior manager can be performed by the entrepreneur himself - this will reduce fixed costs and allow you to monitor the quality of staff work. In the future, when control by a businessman is no longer required, powers can be delegated to another employee.

Brief description of cinder block production

It is quite simple to produce building materials:

The components (filler, water, cement) must be mixed in a concrete mixer. Here you can add plasticizers - additives that can improve water resistance, frost resistance, increase the strength of the finished material, and reduce the number of cracks.
Transport the prepared solution and load into a vibrating press - into appropriate forms with or without partitions. This is where the main work takes place: the machine processes the forms using pressure (pressing with a punch) and vibration. The process takes about 90 seconds.
The finished blocks are pulled out of the vibrating press. Further, the process of their solidification takes place. With plasticizers, they can be ready in 8-10 hours, without them - about 36 hours.
The blocks are stored and finally dried. The products will be fully ready for sale in about 30 days.

Sales

It is worth considering product sales channels at the planning stage. It is necessary to assess the existing construction projects in the region. Cinder blocks are most in demand as a building material for outbuildings where good heating is not required. These are complexes for processing, storage of grain, agricultural crops, production and storage facilities, parking lots, sheds.

The blocks will be in demand from private developers. Accordingly, you need to use all the possibilities of regional advertising:

advertisements in newspapers, on local TV channels;
posting leaflets near places where construction works, and in the private sector;
distribution of leaflets near building supermarkets.

You can also negotiate sales with small building stores. It is useful to spread information about cinder blocks through friends and acquaintances.

Economic calculation

With a well-thought-out sales organization, the cinder block business can quickly pay off.

The mini-shop has a capacity of 450 blocks per shift. With 26 shifts per month, 11.7 thousand cinder blocks can be produced standard size 400x200x200 mm M50 brand (full-bodied).

The minimum cost of such a block is approximately 25 rubles. When selling all manufactured products, the monthly proceeds will amount to 292.5 thousand rubles, however, we will take into account that at first, cinder blocks will cost 150 thousand rubles. monthly (about 50% of total production).

Initial costs will amount to 255 thousand rubles. So the production of cinder blocks as a business will pay for itself in about 1.7 months. The payback period can be increased up to 1 quarter (3 months) due to expenses unaccounted for in the business plan.

Advantages and disadvantages of building materials

Cinder blocks, as a building material, have pros and cons:

Advantages:

strength and durability - a cinder block house can last a century;
frost resistance;
good sound insulating properties;
light weight - the pressure on the foundation is minimal;
you can build houses quickly - 1 block replaces up to 6 bricks.

Disadvantages:

We need thermal insulation. The cinder block does not retain heat well and is unable to protect it from the cold in winter. The way out is additional insulation (for example, mineral wool, expanded polystyrene).
Waterproofing required. Cinder block is a hygroscopic building material, therefore it must be protected from moisture, otherwise it will quickly become unusable.

Cinder blocks are in demand in Russia - especially in the construction of utility, non-residential buildings. It is an inexpensive building material from which you can quickly create a durable building. Calculations show that the business is profitable and pays for itself literally in a quarter.

Our business plan for the production of cinder blocks will help anyone who wants to understand the topic and organize a profitable business at home or in the garage. With a responsible approach, you can eventually expand to a small factory.

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