Business plan ready-made examples. Ready-made business plans for small businesses with calculations. Business plan structure: main sections

Business plan: sample and purpose of the document + reasons for drawing up + 5 stages of creation + features of writing for investors and for personal purposes + structure + 15 tips + 7 illustrative examples.

Any actions must be planned and displayed on paper. This is especially true for entrepreneurship. Without business planning, i.e. detailed optimization of resources and determination of further tasks, even an experienced entrepreneur will not be able to achieve their goals.

That's why it's so important to have sample business plan and compose it correctly. This material will help you with this.

Why and who needs a business plan?

There are several definitions of a business plan on the Internet.

Here are the most common ones:

Those. A business plan is a document that details how to implement it. Thanks to it, you can fully justify your project, evaluate the effectiveness from all sides. decisions taken to understand the feasibility of financing in a particular activity.

The business plan shows:

  • business development prospects;
  • volumes of the sales market, potential consumers;
  • profitability of the project;
  • forthcoming expenses for the production and sale of products, their supply to the market, etc.

A business development plan is a tool that evaluates the final results of activities for a specific period of time. It can be used to attract investors and is necessary in creating a business concept, company strategy.

Drawing up a business plan is one of the important, crucial stages of planning. It is developed both for those enterprises that produce goods, and for those whose specialization is the provision of services.

Before writing a business plan, specialists or the owner of the company determine the tasks and means for their implementation. The developed document can attract creditors to implement ideas. For this reason, its importance cannot be overstated.

The purpose of the business development plan:

  • analysis of aspects of entrepreneurship;
  • competent management of finances, operations;
  • justification of the need to obtain investments (bank loans, equity participation of companies in the project, budget allocations, etc.);
  • accounting financial opportunities and threats (risks) of the enterprise;
  • choice of the optimal direction of development.

Entrepreneurs write business plans for the following reasons:

Features of drawing up a plan for personal purposes and creditors

It is important to see the difference between a business plan, which is written for internal use, and a document, so to speak, "ceremonial", to be transferred to creditors.

1. Create a plan for personal goals.

If you intend to use the sample business plan and write it for yourself, please note that it will take the form practical guide to further action.

The business development plan in this case should answer the following questions:

  1. What activities do you (will you) do?
  2. What product/service does your company offer to the market?
  3. Who are the consumers, clients?
  4. What goals should you achieve?
  5. What means are needed to achieve the goals?
  6. Who is responsible for performing certain tasks?
  7. How long does it take to get it done?
  8. What capital investment will be required?
  9. What results should the actions lead to?

You need to understand that when drawing up a working document, you need to reflect the real state of affairs in order to know in which direction to move, what to do, what to strive for.

2. Document for investors.

When developing a business plan to provide to lenders/investors, the methodology is different. The person or organization that will finance your venture should receive a document detailing the situation and the main tasks.

You have to convince depositors that their money will be used rationally, to identify benefits for them. A business plan must be drawn up logically, each action must be justified.

If you have doubts in any area, study it more carefully, because according to the program you outlined, creditors will certainly have “uncomfortable” questions. And how you answer them will depend on the amount of initial investment in opening / developing your own business.

Also of particular importance is the confidence of the serve. It’s good if you manage to display statistics in a business plan, referring to the example of another company. This will increase your chances of getting an investment.

When writing a business plan, you should follow business style and follow the structure.

Sample business plan: structure

Regardless of the purpose for which you draw up a plan, working with it takes place in 5 stages:

As a business builder, you can make up the first two without any problems. But what should be the competent structure of a business plan?

We will analyze the main sections, what information they contain and how to correctly compose them.

No. 1. Title page.

He acts like himself calling card. It indicates: the name of your company, contact information, address data, phone numbers of the founders.

In addition, the title should contain the content of the entire document (chapter - page number). When composing the title, be concise, state the information concisely.

The total volume of the business plan is about 30-35 pages, including applications.

*Business plan (sample title page)

No. 2. Introductory part of a sample business development plan.

It takes approximately 2 A4 sheets. The introduction describes the main aspects of your business, its essence, what advantages it has.

It is necessary to write what is attractive for buyers of the product / service, what is the expected profit. If it is intended to attract Money for a business, the introductory part indicates the amount of capital you need.

Usually the introduction is devoted to such points of the plan:

The introductory part is the last one, because. it describes the overall picture of the company's activities.
You can fully portray it only after studying all the nuances of the case.

You can study a sample of this and other parts of the plan at the end of this material - there are collected examples of this document for the main lines of business.

No. 3. The main part of the business plan.

The main section deals with the type of activity and all its key points, project cost.

It consists of subsections:

  • production;
  • financial;
  • marketing;
  • organizational;
  • business efficiency calculation;
  • risks.

We will consider them separately.

At the end it follows final part. In it, you need to summarize the work done, give a clear definition of the tasks.

Subsections of the main part of business plans

No. 1. Development of the production subsection of the business plan.

The main section of the document is the largest. Its subsections describe each aspect of your case.

For instance, industrial shows what equipment will be used, what premises you have, how much money will be needed to purchase and start a business.

Also, this plan is designed to allow you to calculate production capacity, determine the likely prospects for growth in production volumes.

In addition, it contains information on the full provision of raw materials, components, highlights questions about the need for labor force, temporary and fixed costs business.

In order for the production subsection of the plan to have a clear structure and contain all the necessary information, indicate:

  • how well the production process is, whether there are innovative solutions;
  • ways of supplying resources, the degree of development of the transport system;
  • a full description of the technologies, why they were chosen;
  • Do I need to buy / rent a business premises;
  • the composition of the required personnel and all data about it, labor costs;
  • possible maximum volume of output;
  • information about suppliers, business subcontractors;
  • the cost of each product;
  • quote with mention running costs etc.

No. 2. Development of the financial subsection of the plan.

Financial plan summarizes all the data economic indicators business, i.e. in value terms.

This includes business reports:

  • Balance plan (confirming the ability of the enterprise to timely settlement of its monetary obligations).

    • O financial results, profit and loss.

    It highlights the sources of profit, how losses occurred, assesses the changes in income / expenses of the business that occurred in reporting period etc.

    About the movement of money.

    This report allows you to see operating results, long-term creditworthiness, short-term liquidity.

The financial subsection of the business plan is also characterized by the presence of:

  • schedules for future financial activities,
  • descriptions of likely investments.

Think carefully about the possibility of investing, whether it will be profitable, about the target orientation of the contribution. Write how you will return the funds attracted to the business.

Try to see the following in the financial part of your business plan:

No. 3. Development of the marketing subsection of the business plan.

The marketing subsection deals with the analysis of the sales market for your company's products. You must indicate in the plan the size, dynamics and trends of the market, its segments, conjuncture.

In addition, the subsection informs about who are the consumers of the business products, what strategy will be used to promote the product.

It calculates consumption volumes, estimated market share, describes the levers used to influence demand ( advertising campaign, pricing, product improvement, etc.), business competitiveness.

It is necessary to evaluate your product from the consumer's point of view, what makes it attractive, what is its consumer value, is it safe to use, and how long does it last.

When compiling a marketing plan, rely on the following points:

To draw up a marketing plan, information is taken from external environment, relevant research and surveys are being conducted, professional marketers in order to study the market situation.

No. 4. Development of the organizational subsection of the plan.

In terms of doing business, it is equally important organizational issues. Therefore, in this subsection, you are required to describe all the steps that will be taken to implement the project.

For example, as shown in the sample in the picture:

It is better to present information in the plan in tabular form, so that the sequence of your actions is clearly visible. It would not hurt to mention the normative and legislative acts that regulate the chosen branch of activity.

In the organizational plan, it is worth describing the managerial side, the duties of all employees, the system of subordination and incentives (remuneration), and describe the internal regime of the company.

Remember to follow the structure as in the example:

No. 5. How to issue a calculation of efficiency and possible risks?


In the penultimate sections, you need to give an objective assessment of the company's performance, show the expected prospects based on the estimate, balance sheet, profitability threshold, planned sales volume.

The developer of the business plan must write the payback period, NPV (net present value).

The best option would be to arrange this in a table, as in the example below:

Business risks should also be considered. Be sure to indicate in the plan what measures you will take if they occur to minimize them, which self-insurance program you will resort to.

Experienced business plan writers Special attention risks, moreover, consider the probability of the worst outcome. By making notes on how to eliminate the expected difficulties, you will make your work easier in the future. If there are losses and financial losses, you will already know how to compensate for them.

When this section of the business plan causes difficulties, they turn to experts for help.

Often, a SWOT analysis of a business is used for this purpose:



This is a method of identifying external / internal factors that affect business development.

Thanks to it, you will be able to evaluate:

  • their weaknesses(suppose the need to rent a building, unrecognizable brand),
  • advantages (low price, high service, professional staff),
  • designate opportunities (these include the availability of funds for the introduction of innovations, the use of modern equipment, coverage of a larger market segment, etc.).

And, ultimately, threats that you can't undo, such as:

  • economic crisis,
  • deterioration of the demographic situation,
  • increase in customs duties,
  • growing political tension,
  • tough competition, etc.

If you provide a clear and justified algorithm for solving risks in the document, it is guaranteed that you can attract partners and creditors for your business.

15 tips for beginners to write a good business plan


very laborious and complex. In the process of its compilation, many questions will arise. For this reason, most beginners make mistakes.

To avoid them and make your business plan worthwhile, follow these guidelines:

    Before you start writing, it is better to look at more than one example of a business plan.

    It is easy to find illustrative examples on the Internet, and perhaps they will even relate to your line of work.

    There is no need to “spill water”, thinking that the document is supposed to be voluminous.

    The business plan should contain only important, realistic information that is of interest to investors and useful to you in doing business (as in the examples below).

  1. Errors, corrections, misprints are strictly not allowed.
  2. The business plan should reflect the ability of your enterprise to reach a higher level and strengths management team.
  3. When developing a business plan, one should not underestimate competition and possible difficulties.
  4. If the information you want to display is subject to confidentiality, it should be skipped.

    5. Don't rush the paperwork.

    Such a plan would not have the desired effect on creditors. If you are compiling it for yourself, anyway, it should not look like a draft version.

    Use more tables, graphs (as in the samples below).

    Providing statistical data in this way makes the material more visual.

    Market analysis is often inaccurate.

    Therefore, responsibly approach the marketing section, collect all the necessary data.

    Be sure to include competitive features in your business plan.

    Throw out too abstruse expressions from the business plan, as well as those that are understood ambiguously and demonstrate your failure.

    For example, “a product that has no analogues”, “under consideration”, “ease of implementation”, etc.

    Keep track of all business expenses.

    Lenders consider this column especially important. Therefore, they may have a lot of questions for you on such items as salaries for personnel, taxes, purchase of raw materials, etc.

    Don't ignore risk considerations.

    As already mentioned, this will serve as a protection against the problems encountered on the way to achieving the goals, as well as allow investors to see you as a serious, responsible entrepreneur.

  5. Focus in the business plan not on the first profit, big earnings, but on a stable cash flow.

    6. Don't forget to set time limits.

    Any task has a deadline (quarter, year, several years).

    If you are not sure that you can master the business plan on your own, even using the samples below, do not spare money on a specialist.

    He understands this issue more than you, so he will draw up a document accurately, without technical, methodological and conceptual oversights that you can make without proper experience.

A detailed diagram of a quality business plan with explanations

you will find in this video:

Ready-made business plans (samples) for different areas of activity


The pharmaceutical business does not lose its relevance, because the need for medicines does not disappear. Moreover, most of family budget, as a rule, goes to medicines.

Because of this, opening a pharmacy is a very profitable business.

Therefore, it makes sense to take a closer look at the example of designing such a business plan in this sample:.

If you want to go into another area, consider opening a cafe.

There are quite a lot of similar establishments and the competition is strong. However, the demand for them is growing. If you take into account all the points of arrangement, you offer healthy food, you will definitely succeed.

To properly draw up a document, check out a sample cafe business plan!

The male half of the population may be interested in the idea of ​​organizing a car service.

The owner of the service station will not be left without income if the activities for the repair and maintenance of vehicles are detailed with all the ensuing factors in the business plan.

It will be more pleasant for women to open a beauty salon.

We assure you that regardless of the number of beauty care establishments available, your "enterprise" in the beauty industry will be in demand. This is due to the fact that every client wants the salon to be at hand, and did not have to get to another quarter.

Representatives of the beautiful half of humanity can delve into trading activity and set up a flower shop. The main advantage of the idea is a small starting capital.

This small business also requires planning. And although flower shops are not exactly popular in Russia, who knows, maybe you will change that.

To do this, you need to draw up a well-thought-out business plan (a sample of which you can study at this link).

The hotel business is a much more complex option, which involves taking into account many factors, especially marketing ones.

If you do not know what size of the room you need, what investments are needed, get the information of interest in the standard sample:
hotel business plan.

No less time-consuming is the process of implementing a project for farming. But in this case, you will have the opportunity to receive financial support and benefits from the state.

A good sample plan that can attract public investors, clearly demonstrates the goals, .

The implementation of any idea begins with a business plan. Without it, it is impossible to determine the necessary tasks, to understand the feasibility of investments and costs. Many businessmen needlessly ignore this fact and do not use this useful tool.

If you did not have experience in writing, any sample business plan given here will help you understand all the standards for compiling, due to which you can special work set yourself a guide for further action.

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The ability to correctly submit your product to Avito will allow you to make good money. You can start by selling your own unwanted items. You can buy goods from those who want to sell them quickly and cheaply, and then resell them at a higher price. An interesting option- sell other people's goods and services for a percentage. To do this, you almost do not need investments, and earnings with active work starts from 300-400 dollars per month.

Advertising agency

For a small agency, an office of 10 sq. m, minimal equipment and 2-3 people. Such a business is profitable to open in big city . Then there will be high demand and the development of printing materials, and the creative industry, such as creating logos, corporate identity, slogans. You will have to invest from $ 1,000, but the monthly income will be at least $ 700.

In this area income every month it only gets bigger. In the future, you can count on a net profit of 2-3 thousand dollars.

Holiday Agency

This is a very interesting business, and moreover -. A small office, a computer and advertising are the main expenses for its organization. Then your main task will be to select contractors for customers and develop holiday programs. And almost all earnings are “clean” money. For a small agency, you will need investments in the region of $ 1,000, and the profit will be from $ 1,500 per month.

Cargo transportation

An excellent company that is very easy to scale, gradually increasing its fleet. Two cars with drivers and one dispatcher are all you need to start. With an initial investment of about 15 thousand dollars, the net profit will reach 1000-2000 dollars per month.

Service "husband for an hour"

No capital investment. Your task is to organize a base of workers of various specializations, coordinate their work and look for customers. With daily, even the smallest, orders, the net profit per month starts from $ 500.

Shoe repair and key making

Room 5-10 square meters, tools, racks and good master- and you can start working. If you are qualified, you can do it yourself. To start, you will need 800-900 dollars. And the monthly income of such a business is 600-1500 dollars, depending on the number of orders.

Breeding and selling animals

A successful small business can be built: dogs, cats, chinchillas, rabbits, fish, pigs, nutria, ducks, bees, quails, pheasants, ferrets, snails, chickens, etc.

Of course, the size of the initial capital for each case is different.(both 500 dollars and 15 thousand - to organize a full-fledged farm). But the net profit in any case starts at $1,000. Thanks to the breeding of expensive and "popular" animals, you can earn 3-5 thousand dollars a month.

Tutoring

On teaching various disciplines, playing the guitar, vocals and a host of other interesting things, you can earn from $ 400 per month. But for good employment, you will need to spend money on minimal advertising on the Internet (50-70 dollars).

Online store of things from China

– great business that does not require a large start-up capital. It will take approximately $ 700 to buy the most "traveling" things and already have them in stock. Even with a small margin (15-25%), monthly sales income can reach $600-1000 net.

Computer service

The organization of a computer repair service requires renting a room with an area of ​​​​about 15 square meters. m and the purchase of tools. All costs associated with the purchase of components and spare parts are already paid by your customers.

By investing about $500 in this business, you can expect a net profit of around $600 per month. Popular services earn from $900. But for expansion, you will need to hire one or two more repairmen.

Printing on clothes

Despite the great competition, it is very popular. It will take 800-900 dollars to rent a room and buy a thermal press. And you can earn 300-400 dollars "clean" per month on such a business. And this is if you have a really small company with one employee. If you expand and advertise about yourself, you can count on larger amounts.

Private beautician (hairdresser, make-up artist, manicurist)

This work from home is a real business. And you do not need to spend money on rent and arrangement of the salon. Only for their tools and consumables. To purchase high-quality tools and good products (cosmetics, balms, paints, etc.), you will need at least $ 900-1200. And the net profit will be from $ 1,000 per month.

Canteen

To open a small dining room at 20-30 seats you will need about 24-25 thousand dollars (rent and repair of premises, documents, equipment, salary, food). The profitability of such an enterprise is 1500-2000 dollars per month.

Carpet cleaning

First you need to spend money on equipment and effective detergents (vacuum cleaner, steamer, stain removers, etc.) and advertising. All this will take approximately 2500-3000 dollars. And your net earnings will be 1500-2000 dollars a month in the first year of work.


Making crafts at home (hand-made)

Making money on goods is not so difficult. What products are especially popular?

  • Decorations;
  • Soap;
  • Cakes and bouquets of sweets;
  • Wooden utensils;
  • handmade toys;
  • Candles;
  • Various souvenirs.

With small volumes of sales, your net income will start at $150-$200.

Photo and video shooting to order

Weddings, corporate parties and anniversaries are an inexhaustible source of clients. To work, you will need high-quality equipment (from $ 2,000) and advertising, since the competition is quite strong. If you have at least 7-8 orders per month, you can get 2-3 thousand dollars of net profit.

Dance studio

Starting a dance school from scratch is not easy, but dance classes are incredibly popular. Therefore, such an enterprise will pay off quite quickly and will bring you income from 1.5 thousand dollars a month “clean”.

Home web studio

Website development is very profitable niche. Especially if you offer full-cycle services: design, programming, content and website promotion. This business does not require any investments, except for intellectual and advertising. Can . A small studio of two or three people can bring in from 2 to 3 thousand dollars a month in net profit.

Daily rental housing

This business is best suited for those who have their own house or apartment that can be rented out. You make small repairs, advertise on the Internet and make a profit. By investing $300-400 in repairs, you can earn about $600 per month.

Distribution of advertising materials

A large company or entrepreneur will prefer to contact a company that distributes advertising than to look for performers themselves. small firm with a staff of 8-10 people (couriers, promoters, stickers) will generate income in the region of $ 1,500 "net".

Creation of a profitable website on the Internet

Cash costs here are minimal - payment for hosting, domain name, advertising. But you will have to work hard, and in the first six months you should not count on profit. But in six months or a year you will receive a source passive income at 200-300 dollars a month. Promoted are able to bring monthly profits of tens of thousands of dollars.

Skype training and consultations

Only your own baggage of knowledge and skills. What can be done?

  1. Teach foreign languages;
  2. Give psychological, legal, business advice;
  3. Make horoscopes, guess.

A stable income of 400-600 dollars a month is provided to you.

Making furniture to order

It is not necessary to make exclusive furniture. Even ordinary tables, chairs, beds will be more profitable for the buyer than the range of most furniture stores.

Don't know where to start? Go shopping, evaluate what is best in demand, analyze prices. Start-up capital for home production, literally in your garage, it will be $ 200-300, but the net profit for the month is from $ 400.

Hello, dear readers of the Internet magazine about money "RichPro.ru"! This article will talk about how to write a business plan. This publication is a direct instruction for action that will allow you to turn a raw business idea into a confident one. step by step plan to achieve a clear goal.

We'll consider:

  • What is a business plan and why is it needed;
  • How to draw up a business plan;
  • How to structure it and write it yourself;
  • Ready-made business plans for small businesses - examples and samples with calculations.

At the end of the topic, we will show the main mistakes of novice entrepreneurs. There will be a lot of arguments in favor of creating quality And thoughtful business plan that will bring the realization of your idea and success affairs in the future.

Also, this article will provide examples of finished works that you can simply use, or you can take as a basis for developing your project. Ready-made examples of submitted business plans can be free download.

In addition, we will answer the most frequently asked questions and clarify why not everyone writes a business plan, if it is so necessary.

So, let's start in order!

The structure of the business plan and the content of its main sections - a step-by-step guide to compiling it

7. Conclusion + related video 🎥

For every entrepreneur who wants to develop himself and develop his business, a business plan is very important. He performs many responsible functions that no other person is able to do differently.

With it, you can get financial support and open, develop your business much earlier than you can collect a significant amount for the business.

Investors generally react positively to a good, thought-out, error-free business plan, as they see it as a way to make easy money with all the troubles invented and described.

In addition, even before the establishment opens, you see what awaits you. What risks are possible, what solution algorithms will be relevant in a given situation. This is not only favorable information for the investor, but also desired plan, if you get into trouble yourself. In the end, if the calculation of risks is too daunting, you can remake a little, transform the general idea to reduce them.

Creating a Good Business Plan is an excellent solution for finding investments and developing your own action algorithms even in the most difficult situations, which are more than enough in business.

That is why, in addition to their own efforts it is worth using "other people's brains". A business plan includes many sections and calculations, research and knowledge, only with successful operation, with which success can be achieved.

The ideal option would be to study all aspects on your own. To do this, it is not enough to sit and read the relevant literature. It is worth changing the circle of contacts, turning to courses and trainings, finding specialists for consultations on certain issues. That's the only way really figure it out in the situation and dispel all your doubts and delusions.

A business plan is worth writing for many reasons, however home is a clear algorithm of actions by which you can quickly get from point A(your current position, full of hopes and fears) to point B(in which you will already be the owner of your own successful business stable and regular income). This is the first step towards fulfilling the dream and the confident status of the middle class.

If you still have questions, then perhaps you will find the answers to them in the video: "How to write a business plan (for yourself and investors)".

That's all we have. We wish everyone good luck in business! We will also be grateful for your comments on this article, share your opinions, ask questions on the topic of the publication.

It is a document that highlights all the characteristics future organization, analysis is carried out possible problems and risks, their forecasting and methods by which they can be avoided.

Simply put, a business plan for an investor is the answer to the question “Should the project be financed or should it be thrown into the trash?”.

Important! A business plan is drawn up on paper, taking into account certain procedures and rules. Such a presentation of the project to some extent materializes your idea, shows your desire and willingness to work. Also, the design on paper simplifies the perception of the idea by the investor.

Self-drawing up a business plan

Drawing up a business plan yourself is not so difficult, you just need to carefully consider the idea. Before you grab onto the calculator and calculate income, you need to take a few steps.

  1. Identify the "pros" and "cons" of the idea that has arisen. If the number of "minuses" rolls over - do not rush to give up. Some aspects can be turned in the opposite direction, think about ways to solve such "cons".
  2. Important Features are competitiveness and market sustainability.
  3. The sales market needs to be thought out to the smallest detail.
  4. The payback of the product (service) and the time of receipt of the first profit will allow you to determine the (approximately) required amount for investment.

If, after such a superficial analysis, you don’t feel like giving up your brainchild, then it’s time to take clear sheet and start creating a business plan.

It's important to know! There is no single structure and step-by-step instructions on how to calculate a business plan. Therefore, the presence and order of the items included in the plan is determined independently. However, experts have established the most optimal variant of the plan structure. If there is no experience in compiling such documents, you need to use these recommendations in order to correctly compose the work.

Structure and procedure for drawing up a business plan

The structure of a good business plan, according to economists, should include 12 points. Each of them is described below.

Title page

The following parameters are specified here:

  • name of the project;
  • the name of the organization where the project is planned to be implemented, indicating telephone numbers, addresses and other contact details;
  • head of the above organization;
  • developer (team or leader) of a business plan;
  • date of preparation of the document;
  • it is allowed to place on the first sheet the most significant indicators of financial calculations for the project.

This document is necessary to protect the copyright of the idea and business plan. This reflects the awareness of the reader that he is not entitled to distribute the information contained in the document without the permission of the author. There may also be an indication of the prohibition of copying, duplicating the document, transferring it to another person, a requirement to return the read business plan to the author if the investor does not accept the agreement.

An example of a confidentiality memorandum can be seen below.

The next 2 sections of the plan - "Brief summary" and "Main idea of ​​the project" - are introductory. They can be used as a preliminary offer (for review) to partners and investors until negotiations are scheduled.

Brief Summary

Although a short summary of such a document is at the beginning, it is written in final stage, as a result. A summary is an abbreviated description of the project idea and a list of the most significant characteristics of the financial component.

The following questions will help here, by answering which you can get a great resume:

  1. What product is the company planning to sell?
  2. Who wants to buy this product?
  3. What is the planned volume of sales (production) for the first year of the company? What will be the revenue from this?
  4. What is the total cost of the project?
  5. How will the enterprise be formed according to the organizational and legal form?
  6. How many workers are planned to attract?
  7. What is the required amount of capital investments for the implementation of the project?
  8. What sources of funding this project?
  9. How much will total profit(yield) for a specific period, payback period, amount of cash at the end of the first year of operation of the enterprise, profitability. net discounted income.

It's important to know! The resume is read by the investor first. Therefore, the further fate of the project depends on this section: the investor will either become interested or bored. This part should not exceed 1 page.

The main idea of ​​the project

  1. What is the main design goal?
  2. What are the tasks of the enterprise to achieve the main goal?
  3. Are there any barriers to the goal and how to get around them?
  4. What exact actions does the author propose to perform in order to as soon as possible achieve results and reach the goal? What are these timelines?

Important! It is necessary to give clear, real and explicit arguments that will confirm the confidence in the profitability and success of the project. The volume of this part is optimal within 1-2 pages.

In the same section, it is customary to use the conducted SWOT analysis – assessment of strong, weak features of the enterprise, opportunities (prospects), as well as possible threats. It is unlikely that it will be possible to make a business plan correctly and most completely without such an analysis.

The SWOT analysis reflects 2 sides that affect the life of the organization: internal, relating to the enterprise itself, and external (everything outside the company that it cannot change).

Do not forget: you describe the enterprise, not the product! A common mistake of the authors is that they start writing product characteristics in the “strength” column.

Here are some parameters that can be used to describe strengths or weaknesses:

  • high-tech production;
  • service and after-sales service;
  • multifunctionality of the product (without affecting its specific properties);
  • level of qualification and professionalism of employees;
  • level technical equipment enterprises.

External factors (“opportunities” and “threats”) include:

  • market growth rates;
  • the level of competition;
  • political situation in the region, country;
  • features of legislation;
  • features of the consumer's solvency.

Example

Characteristics of the industry in the market

  • dynamics of sales of similar products in the industry in recent years;
  • growth rate of the market industry;
  • trends and features of pricing;
  • exhaustive assessment of competitors;
  • search and indication of new and young enterprises in the industry, as well as a description of their activities;
  • description of the consumer market, their desires, intentions, requirements, opportunities;
  • assessment of the possible impact of scientific, social, economic aspects;
  • prospects for development in the market.

Essence of the project

This section reveals the idea, the subject of the business plan. It also reflects the level of preparedness of the enterprise for the release of "public", the availability of all the funds required for this.

The most important provisions in this section are:

  • primary goals;
  • description of the target consumer segment;
  • key performance factors for market success;
  • a detailed representation of the product, the characteristics of which must be within the market segment defined above;
  • stage of product development (if production is launched), patent and author's purity;
  • characteristics of the organization;
  • the total cost of the project, indicating the financing schedule for the periods and amounts of investments;
  • required initial period expenses for marketing campaign and the formation of a coherent organizational structure.

Marketing plan

Here the tasks, goals of the marketing policy and methods for their solution and achievement are indicated. It is important to indicate which task is intended for which personnel, in what time frame it is required to complete it and with what tools. The funds needed for the latter must also be indicated.

Marketing plan is a strategy, a set of successive and / or simultaneous steps, created to attract consumers and effectively return on their part.

The investor will be attentive to such points as:

  • a well-developed system of comprehensive market research and analysis;
  • the planned volume of sales of goods (services) and its range, scheduled for time periods until the enterprise reaches full capacity;
  • ways to improve products;
  • description of product packaging and pricing policy;
  • procurement and marketing system;
  • advertising strategy– clearly articulated and understandable;
  • planning after-sales service;
  • control over the implementation of the marketing strategy.

Production plan

Everything related directly to the creation of products is reflected in this part. Therefore, it is advisable to compile this section only for those companies that plan not only distribution, but also production.

Points to be noted:

  • required production capacity;
  • detailed interpretation technological process;
  • a detailed description of the operations entrusted to subcontractors;
  • the necessary equipment, its characteristics, cost and method of purchase or lease;
  • subcontractors;
  • required area for production;
  • raw materials, resources.

It is important to indicate the cost of everything that requires costs.

organizational plan

At this stage, the principles of organizational strategic management company. If the enterprise already exists, then this item is still mandatory: it determines the compliance of the existing structure with the intended goals. The organizational part must necessarily contain the following data:

  • name of the organizational and legal form (IP, OJSC, partnership and others);
  • an organizational management system that reflects the structure in the form of a scheme, regulations and instructions, communications and dependencies of departments;
  • founders, their description and data;
  • management team;
  • interaction with staff;
  • supplying the control system with the necessary material and technical resources;
  • company location.

Financial plan

This chapter of the business plan provides a summary economic evaluation written project, accompanied by calculations of the level of profitability, payback periods, financial stability of the enterprise.

The financial plan is very important for the investor, here he determines whether this project is attractive to him.

Here it is necessary to make some calculations and summarize them:


Risk Analysis

V risk analysis the author must investigate the project and discover potential threats that may lead to a decrease in income. It is necessary to take into account financial, industry, natural, social and other risks. At the same time, it is necessary to develop a detailed and effective plan to prevent them or minimize the impact on the company. Therefore, the business plan should include:

  • a list of all potential problems;
  • a set of methods and tools that prevent, eliminate or minimize risks;
  • models of the company's behavior in the event of events that do not contribute to its development;
  • substantiation of the low probability of occurrence of such problems.

Applications

This is the last link in the structure of the business plan. It includes documents, quotations, sources, copies of contracts, agreements, certificates, letters from consumers, partners, statistics, calculation tables used in the preparation this document. Attachments in the text of the business plan are required to insert links and footnotes.

General document requirements

  • write a business plan in a clear, concise language, without long and complex wording;
  • the desired volume is 20-25 pages;
  • the business plan must cover all the information required by the investor in full;
  • the document must necessarily be based on real facts, reasonable rational proposals;
  • the plan must have a strategic foundation: strict, delineated and complete, with clear targets;
  • interconnectedness, complexity and consistency are important features of drawing up a plan;
  • the investor must see the future, the prospects for the development of the project idea;
  • The flexibility of the business plan is a significant plus. If you can make adjustments, amendments to the written project is a nice bonus for the investor;
  • conditions and modes of control over the functioning of the enterprise should become part of the business plan.

Making a business plan from scratch without the help of a specialist is not easy, but possible. It is important to adhere to the above rules, construction structure and avoid mistakes.

The most common mistakes

  • Illiterate syllable

The rules of the language cannot be ignored. It often happens that the most incredible and promising idea flies into the basket along with a bunch of plans of mediocre IPs. And all because mistakes in spelling, vocabulary, punctuation and poor presentation of the text completely discourage the desire of any investor.

  • Careless design

The design should be the same throughout the document: bullets, headings, lists, font, size, numbering, spacing, etc. Contents, headings, numbering, names of figures and tables, designation of data on graphs are required!

  • incomplete plan

To properly write a business plan, you need an exhaustive amount of information. The sections of the document listed above are the minimum that should be unconditionally included in the project.

  • vague plan

Work should be "like in a pharmacy on the scales." Clear, specific, specific statements of goals and (important!) ideas.

  • Too many details

The abundance of technical, financial, marketing terms will only help in exams. For a business plan, you need to select only the most significant details. If there is a great need for a thorough description of a process, then you can put it in an application.

  • Unrealistic data

Such business proposals are based on assumptions. Therefore, the author needs to rationally approach the idea and have a reasonable background, a real reason supported by calculations.

  • Few facts

For each assumption - its justification - real, valid. Facts give the work meaning and confidence. The fountain of facts is also not worth arranging, and if you are carried away, then we look at the rule about the details.

  • "We have no risks!"

Rule of thumb: no business without risk. There is no such business in which "quiet, yes smooth surface." The investor knows this, and the author should also know this. Therefore, it's time to descend from the clouds to the ground and study, explore, analyze.

  • “And we have no competitors either!”

The competitor, as well as the risk, is always there. It can be direct or indirect. Carefully and meticulously study this topic, and an opponent will definitely appear on the horizon, waving your pen.

  • Neglect of outside help

Creating a business plan yourself does not mean doing absolutely everything yourself. Moreover, obtaining a high-quality result is possible through the joint efforts of several specialists. Don't be afraid of helpers!

your future project. How to write a business plan? The step-by-step instructions in this article will help in this matter.

Business plan goals

Writing a business plan can be different depending on why you need it. One of the most common purposes is to present it for investment. Such a business plan of the project is the most complex. Often third parties are involved in writing it - experts in their field who will create a suitable business plan for investor approval.

It happens that the manager instructs to write a business plan for the company, for example, to open a branch. In this case, too, they often turn to third-party specialists in the preparation of such plans. From the contractor in the end, only some adjustment to the needs of the company may be required.

Well, when a business plan is necessary for starting your own business, it is best to write it from cover to cover yourself. Although this is a difficult process, it is exciting and very interesting. After all, your own business is the real brainchild of an entrepreneur. And therefore, its creation is treated very reverently and thoroughly. The article provides instructions for drawing up a business plan for your business.

initial idea

Basically, those who decide to open their own business have already chosen and know their field of activity well. But there are entrepreneurs who want to have their own business, but still do not clearly know what exactly they will do. They are looking for a business idea. It is difficult to overestimate its importance. The idea should suit the interests and desires of the entrepreneur himself.

It can be a favorite thing that a person is ready to do even for free, or a business that already brings a guaranteed income. In any case, having chosen a niche for yourself, it is important not to be distracted by anything else and not to dream of unattainable peaks, but to turn your real idea into reality step by step. A business plan will really help in this matter.

How to write a business plan? Step-by-step instruction

So, having imagined what the future business will be, you can proceed to writing a business plan. There are special planning standards. Therefore, if it is submitted for investment, you should choose an appropriate standard and adhere to it when writing.

To understand how to write a business plan, step-by-step instruction and generally accepted standards will serve good service, as they are approved by people who are professionally versed in these matters. The entrepreneur will be able to sort out his, perhaps, not yet fully formed thoughts, and bring his business to life.

A standard business plan consists of the following chapters:

  • General provisions.

    Market analysis.

    Marketing and strategic plan.

    Costs.

    Production plan.

    Investments.

    Financial plan.

Summary

It should briefly display the essence of the matter, a description of the business idea, information about its objective need in the market, the timing of implementation, and competitiveness.

Of course, this part is more intended for potential investors. It is they who, after reading the resume, make a conclusion about whether it is worth getting acquainted with this plan further or not. Therefore, if it is to be presented to an investor, it is necessary to describe this part carefully, possibly returning to it again and again, making adjustments after the next chapters are completed.

However, for their own needs, this part is also important, because it helps the entrepreneur to better see the whole process of organizing a business as a whole.

General provisions

If the resume is written for about one - a maximum of two pages, then this chapter can be written in more detail. That is, in fact, the chapter "General Provisions" contains the same information as the summary, but in a more detailed form invites the reader to familiarize himself with the project as a whole.

It describes the characteristics and implementation of the project, its life cycle, the possibility of additional development and the forecast of product changes with a possible change in market trends.

The service business plan in this chapter should contain information about what the specific service is about and how it will attract customers. For example, a business plan describes all the proposed services, their characteristics and distinctive features. An attractive feature here is the legend of how celebrities undergo procedures in the salon or how individual specialists provide them with these services, how specialists were trained directly with the brand of product with which they work.

Market analysis

In parallel with writing a business plan or before drawing up one, it is necessary to conduct a market analysis. This is an extremely important part, because the success of the future project directly depends on it.

Choosing a niche market and target audience, conduct a thorough analysis to determine how relevant the business plan of the project, the original proposal and its idea. If the analysis reveals an oversupply, then it is worth returning to the idea and trying to correct it in such a way that it corresponds to the state of affairs in the market. If there is an increased demand, then everything is in order, and you can safely proceed to further actions.

Market analysis is carried out in different ways. But if there are problems with its implementation, there are companies where you can outsource market analysis.

Nevertheless, the entrepreneur is advised to sort this issue out himself, since any third-party organizations will only give an objective average result, not fully taking into account the business plans of a small business and all the nuances of the business idea of ​​the author of the project.

Marketing and strategic planning

This plan includes bringing the product to the market, its development, pricing, sales and distribution system, as well as advertising. To launch a product, it is advisable to build a Gantt chart, which will display the dates for the implementation of various events. Based on the analysis of the market and competitiveness, a strategy is calculated, how the market will be conquered and what tactical actions will be required for implementation.

Pricing is based on economic calculations and the company's expected earnings. Sales and marketing can be presented in the form of a diagram, where the whole process will be visible in stages. For example, from the receipt of goods at the warehouse and to the receipt of money for the goods and its sale.

Costs and production schedule

This chapter includes the purchase necessary equipment, repair, rent of premises and other expenses. The production schedule must reflect how many people are required to implement the project, their work schedule, deductions wages and related payments.

They will become much more attractive for the investor if there is a ready-made team that will work on the project, as this proves the ability of the entrepreneur to realize his plans. Therefore, it would be appropriate to emphasize this fact in the business plan.

Production plan

If the company will be a manufacturing company, then it is necessary to describe the production process, as well as partners and suppliers who will be involved in the case. For example, the farm business plan in this chapter should include equipment for milking, bottling, milk packaging and a mechanism for marketing it through specific suppliers.

Financial plan and investments

The most important part of the entire business plan is, of course, the financial plan. Moreover, if the project is intended to familiarize the investor, then after reading the summary, a serious investor is likely to look at the financial plan. After all, it is here that the real ability of an entrepreneur to implement business ideas will be visible. This is the essence of entrepreneurial activity.

The financial plan provides all the information about the possible costs and income of the project. Based on the marketing strategic plan and costs, a table is compiled for several years, which displays the required investments and their repayment schedule, all costs and possible income.

The final part financial plan there must be a calculation of the profitability of the future business.

The reader now knows how to write a business plan. The step-by-step instructions given in the article are a quick guide demonstrating the importance of understanding goals and the need for business planning.

 

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