Nodes exist. Knot self-tightening: types, methods of knitting. Constrictor - knot. Designations adopted in the book

Foreword

Knots are ways to connect ropes, ribbons, fishing lines, various threads, etc., ways to form loops and tie ropes to various objects. In addition, the knot itself is the connection of the ropes.

There are quite a few nodes. As L.N. Skryagin in the book " Marine knots”, American K. Ashley collected and described about 700 of their species. It is obvious that it is simply impossible to know and be able to knit such a number of knots, and there is no need. In general, for many people, knitting knots is a distant and not the most necessary area; they do just fine without it. And they encounter knots only when they tie shoes or a tie. And since there is no need for nodes, there is no need to know from different types.

Others, on the contrary, believe that even in everyday life the ability to knit knots is still useful and necessary, and that this skill has helped them more than once. These people willingly take the rope in their hands, know how to handle it, freely knit knots on it, skillfully tie the rope to something, quickly tie the ropes together. And they do all this beautifully, confidently and, most importantly, reliably.

Knitting knots is not difficult. It is much more difficult to learn how to knit knots correctly and quickly, using a knot that is suitable for a particular case. Some nodes tighten under load, others do not. Some knots can “creep” - slowly untie, while others are tightened so that they cannot be untied ...

To knit knots correctly, of course, practice is needed. Those who need it will strengthen their skills by training. After all, not all knots fit easily. There are very successful knots, but difficult to remember. In general, the ability to knit knots is very individual. Someone will have to memorize a simple knot for a long time, and someone will knit a knot with a complex pattern the first time.

Some will find other ways to tie knots - and, indeed, for some knots, these methods exist. In this book, knot tying options are not given. The exception is knots that can be knitted both with a loop (ring) and with the free end of the rope, which is sometimes very important when working with them.

The nodes are subject to certain requirements dictated by the practice of their application. Nodes must:

easy to tie (easy to remember);

do not untie spontaneously under load or after its removal;

do not tighten "tightly" unnecessarily;

fit your purpose.

In addition, if there is any doubt about the correctness of knitting a knot, it is better to refuse it and use another knot that is well known to you.

Each rope, rope, cord, etc. have their own strength. True, when we tie a tent guy to a tree, we hardly think about the strength of the rope used for these purposes. It is a completely different matter when it comes to the rope that, say, climbers are tied during ascents and which is used for insurance. In this case, its strength characteristics are important. Therefore, it would be useful to say that all knots significantly weaken the strength of the rope. For example, the figure-eight knot - by 25%, the bowline knot - by 30%, the weaving knot - by 35%. Other knots reduce the strength of the rope by about the same limits. In addition, it is important to know that a wet rope reduces its strength by 10%, the strength of ropes decreases by almost 30% at temperatures close to 30 ° below zero. The strength of ropes that are dirty, old, dried in the sun and with a broken outer sheath (for nylon ropes) is reduced by half. The use of such ropes for belaying is unacceptable.

A few words about the names of nodes given in the book. Some of them are called here differently than in the literature on maritime practice. The author left those names by which these nodes are known to a large circle of people - tourists, climbers, etc. If someone thinks that other names are more successful, you should not relearn. The main thing is not in the name of the node, but in its purpose.

The book, of course, will be useful to those who, in their work, hobby, cannot do without knots. These, of course, are climbers, sailors, hunters, fishermen, rock climbers, tourists, yachtsmen, etc. But other readers will also find useful information for themselves. Thus, the "Tie knots" section will help you choose the appropriate way to tie a tie, and the "Decorative knots" section will help you decorate a gift box beautifully. And women who are fond of macrame will be able to use the information from the book in their practical exercises.

Designations used in the book:

(+) – positive properties of the node;

(-) – negative properties of the node;

ROPE KNOTS

Straight knot. reef knot ( a, b)

(+) - the knot is easy to knit;

(-)

- spontaneously unties - "creeps", especially on wet, hard and icy ropes;

(!)

– use without control nodes (see section "Auxiliary nodes"

) is invalid;

- a straight knot with a loop is called a reef knot, which in practice is used as an auxiliary knot that does not work under load (for example, to tighten the neck of a backpack).

Weaving knot ( c, g)

(+) - the knot is easy to knit;

(-)

(!) - used for tying ropes of the same diameter;

- control nodes are required;

– can be used for tying fishing lines.

Counter knot

(+) - the knot is easy to knit, holds well;

- "does not crawl";

(-) - under load it tightens a lot;

(!) - used for tying ropes of any diameter ( a-d), for tapes ( d) and ribbon-rope combinations;

- convenient for knitting various loops, braces, etc.

Knot "counter eight"

(!) - reliable knot, holds well;

- "does not crawl";

(-) - knit slowly

- is strongly tightened;

(!) - used for tying ropes of both the same and different diameters.

clew ( a-c) and bramshkotovy ( G) nodes

(+) - reliable knots, easy to knit;

- do not tighten under load;

(-) - "creep" under variable loads;

(!) - the clew knot is used for tying ropes of the same diameter, the clew knot is used for ropes of both the same and different diameters;

- control nodes are required.

Knot "grapevine"

(+) - reliable and beautiful knot;

(-) - it takes practice to knit correctly;

- under load it tightens a lot;

(!) - used for tying ropes of the same and different diameters, fishing lines;

- convenient for knitting loops, braces, etc.

Hunter knot

(+) - reliable and beautiful knot;

– holds well on soft ropes and on ribbons;

- does not tighten much;

(-)

- on hard ropes it is not tightened enough;

(!) - used for tying soft ropes of the same and different diameters, ribbons, nylon threads.

snake knot

(+) - a very reliable node;

- "does not crawl";

(-) - knit slowly

- requires practice;

(!) - used on thin soft nylon ropes;

- on synthetic fishing lines it is tightened "tightly".

LINK KNOTS

anchor knot

(+) - the knot is easy to knit;

(-) - "creeps" under variable loads;

(!) - to increase the reliability of the connection, use a control knot or fix the free end in the way of an oncoming knot ( c-d).

Bleeding knot ( a-c)

(+) - a simple and reliable knot, easy to knit;

- does not tighten under load;

(-) - "creeps" under variable loads;

(!) – the unit works reliably under constant load;

- convenient for tying a rope to any number of supports (poles, trees, etc.);

- to increase the reliability of the connection, the free end makes an additional turn around the support ( G).

Node "noose"

(!) - the knot is easy to knit;

- after removing the load, it is easily untied;

(-) - "creeps" under variable loads;

(!) - securely holds with the number of turns at least four;

– reliable under constant load;

- the knot is forbidden to be used for the organization of mounted crossings (in tourism, mountaineering).

Knot "boa constrictor" ( a-d), double knot "boa constrictor" ( dr.)

(+) – very reliable knots;

- tighten quickly and strongly,

- "do not crawl";

(-)

- under heavy loads, they are tightened “tightly”, which in some cases is their positive property (see below);

(!) - to facilitate untying the knot, a loop is knitted ( G) with a free end of at least one meter, loading which, the knot is untied;

– indispensable for tying various wooden frames, incl. raft frames at an angle of 90°. Rigidity is achieved due to the ability of knots to tighten "tightly";

– can be used for repairing and tying metal frames for kayaks, catamarans, etc.;

– convenient for tying fishing hooks;

- if you make not one, but two turns with the free end ( d) around the object on which the knot is knitted, you get a double “boa constrictor” knot. Such a knot is tightened even more.

Python node ( a-c), double node "python" ( sir)

(+) – very reliable highly tightened knots;

- "do not crawl";

(-) – difficult to remember, requires practice;

- under heavy loading it is not possible to untie;

(!) - the purpose is the same as that of the "boa constrictor" nodes;

- with a double turn of the free end around the object ( G) we get a double “python” knot.

Knitting a wooden frame using a python knot.

miner's knot

(+) - a reliable node;

- "does not crawl";

- easy to untie;

(-) - difficult to remember, practice is needed;

(!) - used to tie a rope to a tree, pole, etc.;

- according to its purpose, it occupies an intermediate position between the vyblekny knot and the "boa constrictor" knot.

picket knot

(!) - characteristics, area of ​​​​use are the same as those of the miner's unit.

BAYONE ASSEMBLY:

- simple bayonet

- a simple bayonet with a hose

- fishing bayonet

- a bayonet with a run-out

(+) – very reliable knots;

- easy to knit;

- never tighten;

- able to work under heavy loads;

(-) - despite the simplicity of tying, you can make a mistake when throwing half-bayonets. Make sure that the end with which the knot is knitted goes either under or over the fixed end (see the “simple bayonet” knot, b);

- knots "creep";

(!) - the free end must either be tied to the fixed end with a thinner cord, or a control knot must be knitted;

- to increase the reliability of the nodes, it is allowed to use three half-bayonets;

- used for tying a rope, cable, rope to rings, eyelets, hooks, etc.;

- using bayonet knots, it is possible to make a good towing cable from a rope (for example, for a car) with a loop, which, if necessary, is easy to dissolve even after repeated use;

- Widely used in maritime practice.

Knot "simple bayonet"

Knot "fisherman's bayonet" ( but)

(!) - indispensable for attaching the cable to the anchor.

Knot "simple bayonet with a hose" ( b)

(!) - used when mooring a vessel to a berth;

- used for fastening the cable to hooks (hooks), rings, loops (ogons).

Node "bayonet with a skid" ( in)

(!) - under pendulum loads, it never slides along the object around which it is tied.

paly knot

(+) - a simple reliable node;

(!) - used for fastening mooring cables to mooring devices (bollard, bollard).

HINGES

Simple slip knot

(+) - the simplest tightening knot;

- allows you to quickly change the size of the loop;

- quickly unties;

(-) - tightens weakly, "creeps";

(!) - used only in everyday life: tightening a bag, backpack, etc.

sliding loop

(+) - simple knot, easy to untie;

- allows you to adjust the size of the double loop;

(-) - "creeps";

(!) - used only in everyday life to tighten something.

Drawstring loop

(+) - easy to knit;

- allows you to quickly change the size of the loop;

(!) - used on thin cords, fishing lines - they are tightened very firmly;

- convenient for tying hooks, mormyshkas.

Adjustable loop

(+) - makes it possible, due to the grasping knot, to reduce or increase the length of the loop;

(-) - knit slowly

(!) - it is convenient where you need to quickly change the length of the connecting rope, for example, to tighten the guy line of a tent, bivouac awning;

- used in mountaineering as a self-insurance loop.

Knot "conductor" (I - loop; II - one end)

(+)

(-) - under load it tightens a lot;

- "creeps", especially on a hard rope;

(!) - used to attach a rope loop to something;

- when using a knot for organizing ligaments (in mountaineering), a control knot is required;

Knot "eight" (I - loop; II - one end)

(+) - the knot is easily knitted both at the end of the rope and in the middle;

- can be knitted with one end;

- "does not crawl";

(!) – convenient for the formation of a reliable loop;

- used in mountaineering for organizing ligaments, etc.

Arbor knot ("bowline")

(+) – simple and reliable knot;

- under load, it does not tighten much;

(-) - "creeps" under variable loads;

(!) - used for attaching a rope to rings, eyelets, etc., for tying around a support (tree, pole, stone, etc.);

- widely used in mountaineering for organizing bundles in the absence of special safety belts or systems (belt + gazebo). Hanging in such a chest harness when falling into a crack or falling on rocks for more than 10 minutes, even with a gazebo, is extremely life-threatening due to impaired blood supply;

- a control node is required.

The use of the bowline knot in marine practice

(!) - used for tying a person's body with a vegetable or synthetic cable with a diameter of at least 25 mm as insurance when working at height or overboard, for pulling out a person who has fallen into the water;

– for tying two cables of any diameter and their combinations (steel + vegetable, synthetic + vegetable, etc.). The cables are connected with loops. This connection is one of the most reliable,

- a loop on a cable tied with a bowline is used for mooring.

Knot "double bowline"

(+) - a reliable node;

- allows you to make loops of both the same and different lengths;

(-) - It takes practice to knit properly. In order for the knot pattern to be correct, loop “A” must be completely pulled out in the opposite direction from the loops “B” (1), then tighten the knot (2);

(!) - convenient for attaching a rope by throwing loops on a support, hook, etc .;

- used in mountaineering for knitting gazebos (each loop for one leg);

- in marine practice, the knot is used to insure a person: they sit in one loop, and the other covers the body under the armpits.

Eskimo loop ( a-c).

(+) - the knot is easy to knit, "does not creep";

- allows you to quickly adjust the size of the loop in the knot;

- does not tighten under load;

(!) – convenient for braces of tents;

- allows you to set up vertically, for example, a television antenna mast on the ground or on the roof of a house using four guy wires;

Fishing loop ( G)

(+) - the knot is easy to knit, securely holds;

(!)

- can be used in mountaineering instead of "guide" and "eight";

- Convenient for tying fishing hooks.

Knot "Austrian conductor"

(+) - a reliable node;

- knitted both at the end of the rope and in the middle;

- does not tighten under load;

- less weakens the strength of the rope than the "conductor" and "eight";

(-) - difficult to remember, requires practice;

(!) - convenient for knitting a rope ladder, a strong loop;

- used in mountaineering to organize ligaments.

Knot "bunny ears"

(+) - forms a double loop, which increases its tensile strength;

- "does not crawl";

(-) - under load it tightens a lot;

(!) – can be used wherever a strong loop is needed;

- used in mountaineering for organizing ligaments, for transporting the victim to a shallow depth (in this case, the length of the loops is 40 cm).

Strapping loop (I)

(+) - a reliable node;

- just fit;

- does not tighten under load;

(-) - "creeps" under variable loads;

(!) - used where a reliable loop is needed;

– a control node is required;

- can be used as a variant of the knot for knitting a chest harness in mountaineering (II).

Cossack knot ( a-e). Kalmyk knot ( G)

(+) - reliable knots, "do not creep";

- in the version with a loop (Kalmyk knot) it is untied quickly;

(-) - difficult to remember, practice is needed;

(!) - used where a reliable loop is required;

- the Kalmyk knot can be used in mountaineering to organize the descent of the last participant.

Vein loop (two turns of the loop " a-b", three turns " in »)

(+) - a simple strong knot;

- tightens very strongly;

(-) - on ropes and cords more than 5 mm in diameter, it tightens poorly;

(!) - used on thin cords, nylon threads and fishing lines.

AUXILIARY NODES

Marking node

(+) - a simple convenient knot;

- allows you to keep the rope in a compact state with the help of a mark (mark - a few turns with the end of the rope around the folded rings);

(!) – indispensable for rope transportation;

- it is convenient to mark short ropes using method (I), long ropes - using method (II);

- fits on any ropes, ribbons.

Control knots: sliding ( a-b), deaf ( v-d)

(+) - simple auxiliary nodes;

- prevent spontaneous untying of other knots;

(!) - whenever there is doubt about the reliability of a knot (especially on hard, dirty, wet and icy ropes), it is necessary to knit control knots;

- to prevent the control node from sliding to the main one, use a deaf control node.

rope chain

(+) - allows you to temporarily shorten the rope by 3-3.5 times;

- if necessary, the rope straightens in a matter of seconds;

- not afraid of the load;

(!) – used in mining competitions.

SPECIAL KNOT USED IN CLIMBING

Grasping knot ("Prusik")

(+) – the node moves freely;

- tightens when loaded;

- after removing the load, it is easily restored to its original state;

(-) – free knitting requires practice;

- does not hold well on hard ropes, does not hold on icy ropes at all, “does not like” jerks on them, because due to slippage, the turns of the assembly may melt;

(!) - used in mountaineering to organize self-insurance, the knot is knitted with a rope d = 5-6 mm on a rope d = 9-12 mm.

– when using a knot on icy ropes, you need to finish the second (upper) half of the knot with one turn.

Bachmann knot ( a-c). carabiner knot ( sir)

(+) - knots are easy to knit;

- when loaded, they hold well;

- when the load is removed, they are easily untied;

– can be used both on wet and icy ropes;

- can be knitted on single and double ropes;

(!) - used for organizing self-insurance, mounted crossings;

– reliable in the work of transporting victims.

Knot "stirrup"

(+) – universal node;

- easy to knit;

- just unties;

(!) - knot loops are used as a support for the legs when climbing a fixed rope (self-climbing from cracks, etc.) - I;

- good for rescue work for braking the rope and knitting a stretcher from improvised means;

– can be used for self-insurance – II.

Node UIAA

(+) - a simple knot used for insurance (including dynamic) and braking of the rope when lowering the victim);

(!) – with dynamic belay it is applicable only on an elastic rope;

- do not use a hard rope;

- two UIAA knots can be used to lower the victim.

Knot Garda

(+) - a simple knot;

- used for insurance and braking of the rope during the descent of the victim and during the transportation of cargo;

– it is used in any condition of the rope;

– well fixes the loaded rope;

(!) - the braking force in the knot is regulated by feeding the free end into the knot or holding it.

KNOTS USED IN FISHING

Line knots (I, II)

(+) – very reliable knots;

- "do not crawl";

- are tightened "tightly";

(-) - knit slowly

(!) - used for tying thin nylon threads, fishing lines.

Fishhook tying options

Knot "noose for hooks" ( a-c)

Tying method:- make a loop, place the shank of the hook under its dark part ( but);

- make 4-5 turns with the end of the fishing line around the loop with the hook ( b);

- knot tighten ( in).

Drawstring loop for hooks ( Mrs.)

Knot tightening:– first pull in the direction of arrow 1, then in the direction of arrow 2.

Tying hooks with a shoulder blade with a “python” knot

Tying method:- tie a simple knot and make another turn in the knot with the end of the fishing line - you get a ring ( but);

- pull the ends of the fishing line at the same time in different directions(1), then twist the ends (2) - the ring will curl into a figure-eight, insert the shank of the hook ( b), tighten the knot ( G);

- to give the knot greater strength, you can at the stage ( but) make three turns with the end of the fishing line. In a twisted state, the knot will take the form ( in).

Tying hooks with a shoulder blade with a “boa constrictor” knot ( a-c)

Tying hooks with a ring with a “python” knot ( sir)

TIE KNOTS

simple knot

double knot

New classic

Windsor

half windsor

cruciform knot

DECORATIVE KNOTS

For decorating gifts, elegant decoration of clothing items, etc. decorative knots similar to flowers can be used. With skillful tying of the ribbon, you can create an amazingly accurate copy of a rose that can even replace the original, for example, in the design of a wedding car.

For decorative knots, domestic colored satin ribbons up to 5 cm wide and more rigid (mostly imported) packaging colored ribbons up to 2 cm wide are used.

1. Before work, it is desirable to iron the tape with an iron.

2. The assembled rings on the tape must be tightly pulled together with strong threads.

3. When sewing and tightening the ribbons, use thread of the same color as the ribbon.

4. It is better to cut the ends of satin ribbons at an angle of 45 °, then the ribbon will not unravel.

5. The wider the ribbon, the larger and more magnificent the "flower" will be.

6. A smaller number of turns on wide ribbons creates the effect of blossoming flowers with large petals, and a larger number of turns - with an incompletely blossomed bud.

7. When winding rings, the front side of the tape must be inside.

1. Make six or more turns, remove from fingers ( but).

2. Use scissors to cut grooves along the dotted line ( b) at the center of folded rings ( in).

3. Tie the ribbon tightly in the center of the cutout ( G).

4. Remove the rings one by one and turn them clockwise by 180° and 360° depending on the stiffness of the tape ( d).

Tie decorative knots using stiff ribbons

but- stick a needle with a thread with an eye into an eraser;

b- choose the size of the loop (petal of the "flower") and put on the loops one by one on the needle;

in- Remove the “flower”, fasten with a thread.

Tying decorative knots using satin ribbons

"Blossoming Rose"

but- make 10 turns on four fingers;

b- tie tight rings at the bottom;

in- remove the tenth ring to the right;

G– remove the ninth ring to the left. Turn the removed rings inwards in the direction of the arrows.

d- alternately remove and turn inside all even rings to the right, odd - to the left;

e

"The Unopened Rose"

but- make 3 turns on two fingers, 10 turns on three fingers, 10 turns on four fingers, carefully remove the rings and tie them tightly at the bottom;

6 - alternately remove and turn inside all even rings to the right (left), odd ones - to the left (right), the last ring remains intact - this is the center of the "flower";

in- ready "flower". Attaches to a ribbon knot on a gift box.

"Rose" for finishing clothes

but- sew two pieces of tape 1 cm wide at an angle of 90 °;

b- alternately bend each end 6-8 times;

in- gently grab the stack with your palm and do not pull strongly on the end "A" in the direction of the arrow - you get a small rose;

G- tighten the base of the "flower" with a thread.

Gift box binding options:

cross in the center a-b),

offset cross ( in),

semirhombus ( G),

rhombus ( e).

A decorative flower is attached to a ribbon knot ( e).

List of used literature

1. Library of extreme situations. Collection №5. M. GIPP "Aerogeology", 1995

2. Vinokurov VK et al. Safety in mountaineering. M. FiS. 1983

3. Goldobin V. et al. Knots. "Fisherman", 1989, No. 4

4. Mountain tourism. Comp. Tyatte J. Tallinn, Eesti Raamat, 1980

5. Zakharov P.P. Mountaineering instructor. M. FiS, 1988

6. Ivnev P. V. With a hook, mormyshka and lure. N. Novgorod. GIPP "Nizhpoligraf", 1995

7. Kuzmina M. A. Macrame. M. PK "Altai", 1994

8. Marinov B. Problems of security in the mountains. Per. from Bulgarian Korenkova A. M. M. FiS, 1981

9. Skryagin L. N. Sea knots. M. Transport, 1994

10. Talgeim I., Nadolny G. Ties. Per. with him. Ivanova I. M. Lik Press. 1996

11. School of mountaineering. Comp. Zakharov P. P., Stepenko T. V. M. FiS, 1989

12. Encyclopedia of the tourist. Ch. ed. Tamm E. I. M. Scientific publishing house "BRE", 1993

13. Bergsteigen I., Munter W., Hallwag A.G. Bern, 1982

NODES, PURPOSE AND APPLICATION

The technique of knitting knots originates from time immemorial. The oldest knots have been found in Finland and date back to the Neolithic (Late Stone Age). Undoubtedly, the knots were twisted by people before, but, unfortunately, they have not been preserved.

Flexible materials were the main fastening aid, working with which a person created products of labor, weapons and various devices. The ability to knit knots is one of the main things a survivalist needs after BP and in everyday life.

Nodes sorted alphabetically

1. Austrian conductor (bergshaft, butterfly, alpine bloodworm, bee, riding loop) - a knot that forms a fixed loop in the middle of the rope. It is used as an intermediate point of support or suspension, support for blocks. With this knot, you can easily tie up a damaged section of the rope. It is very reliable and allows the load to be applied at an angle to the main direction of force. It has two knitting methods. Dangerous mistakes: too loose, too tight, big loop.

2. Academic- a complicated version of the direct knot. It is used for tying two ropes of different diameters. When heavily loaded, it does not tighten as much as a straight knot and is easier to untie. Requires the use of control nodes.

3. Academic dressing - a complicated kind of academic knot. Applicable for attaching to a rope of a larger diameter, two ropes of smaller diameters. * 1994

4. Shark- a complex knot designed exclusively for knitting on synthetic fishing lines. Differs in the big durability.

5. Amphora- knitted with a thin rope or cord on the neck of the vessel in order to facilitate its carrying by the formed handles. For tying on the neck of the economic glass jar 1.3 m of cord is enough. Used in antiquity.

6. English(anchor bayonet, fishing bayonet) - a fishing knot reinforced with a half-bayonet. It is used for tying boats and light anchors, as well as for lifting loads. Reliable under constant tension. With a variable nature of the load, safety knots or lashing are required. When completed, it is often enhanced by a gazebo knot.

7. English braid (monkey chain) - auxiliary knot (weaving). In tourist practice, it is used to organize a pendulum crossing, climbing small plumb lines of 2 - 4 m. The main application is the temporary shortening of the cable (1 m of pigtail is obtained from 4 m of the cable).

8. Apocryphal - decorative knot. The drawing of this knot was used as a screensaver in ancient Russian handwritten texts - apocrypha (secret, intimate).

9. Arkan(lasso, honda) - a knot that forms a tightening loop at the end of the rope. It has been used since ancient times by nomadic peoples. Until now, this type of loop is used by cowboys in Mexico and the southern states of the United States.

10. Armenian(half-bayonet) - the knot is used for auxiliary knitting on the support thread. Made on the basis of a simple node. Used in macrome weaving technique.

11. Babiy(direct false) - a primitive knot that has firmly taken root in our life as a universal one. Incorrect knitting of a straight knot. Throughout the history of mankind, its use has done a lot of trouble and even claimed many human lives. Abroad, it is called "grandmother's", "stupid", "veal", "false". Self-loosens under load. As a working unit, it is strictly prohibited for use.

12. Bow(Austrian cockade) - a drop knot. Usually tied on shoe laces, packages and decorative ribbons. Being not strongly tightened self-releases under load.

13. Bachman- nodal combination of a cord with a carabiner on the main rope. The advantage over Prusik is more easy way support movement. To do this, just put your thumb through the carabiner. At the same time, it is possible to move the grab along the rope or hold on to the step of the cable ladder. In the event of a fall, the Bachmann knot prevents falling. Knitted on single and double rope.

14. Butterfly double - suitable for knitting a double conductor (two fixed loops) in the middle of the rope. * 1993

15. Running gazebo (running bowline) - forms a protracted loop. Rarely used instead of a noose. Holds well under variable loads. In maritime affairs, it is used to catch snags, they are looking for and raising Admiralty anchors left at the bottom.

16. Running simple - the simplest knot forming a protracted loop. When pulling at the root end, the loop is tightened, but it can be increased in size by pulling the running end away from the loop. The control node is required.

17. Arbor- a type of bowline knot that forms a fixed loop. Of all the ways of tying cables from various materials(hemp and steel, dacron and manila) connection using two harness knots with loops will be the most reliable. It is the basis of the chest harness. Of the several knitting methods, the most rational one allows you to tie a knot with one hand, with one continuous movement of the brush in 2-3 seconds. Reduces the average strength of nylon rope by 44%.

18. Arbor double (boatswain, military, loopback) - a knot that forms a double loop both in the middle and at the end of the cable. Does not allow you to adjust the size of the loops after tightening the knot. It is used as an arbor, as well as for lining loops on the oud.

19. Arbor with line (palstack with a line) - a knot used for mooring boats to mooring rings.

20. Arbor Russian - auxiliary knot forming two fixed loops. Used as a gazebo. Similar to the Spanish knot. It requires much more rope to complete it, although it is somewhat easier than Spanish.

21. Bitten- knot. Used for mooring small boats.

22. Barrel- the unit is used when loading containers that have a cylindrical shape. They can quickly tie a can or a tank without a handle.

23. Bram-sheet- knot. Along with clew, it is used for splicing two ropes of different diameters. The main advantage is the relative ease of tying and untying with a high connection strength.

24. Towing- knot. It is used for fastening on a towing hook or bitten. They are delayed or pitted towing line.

25. Bowline- called the "king of knots". The name comes from the English term (The Bowline), denoting the tackle, which is used to pull the windward side luff of the lower straight sail. It was known to the ancient Egyptians and Phoenicians for 3000 BC. Despite the amazing compactness, it contains elements of a simple, half-bayonet, weaving and straight knots. The elements of all these nodes in a certain combination give the bowline the right to be called universal. The main advantage is the ease of tying and untying after removing the load. The knotted bowline has two loose ends. Only the one that forms an overlapped loop in the knot, and not a simple loop, should be loaded. This knot is used for harnesses and arbors (see harness knot) if they are tied from a cord or a double cargo parachute line. A simple bowline needs to be secured with a control knot as it tends to unravel. In all cases, the bowline must be tightened. The knot reduces the average strength of the rope within 45.9–49.0% (with a dry rope - 79.1 - 81.0%, wet - 76.9 - 78.1%; frozen - 54.1 -58.6% of the strength of the rope without node). Dangerous errors: very loosely tightened; very tight; long free end of the rope - dangerous weaves of loops; the loop of the knot is incorrectly laid - too short or too long loops.

26. Bowline double - used to connect parts belay system. This knot can be tied in the middle of the rope, for example, when reinsurance of the main linear support (rope) with the help of an additional support. The knot reduces the average strength of the rope within 45.3 - 17.2% (on a dry rope - 80.0 - 82.8%, wet - 78.7 - 80.6%, frozen - 54.7 - 60.5%). Dangerous Mistakes: Same as Bowline knot.

27. Burlatskaya loop (harness loop, Pushkar knot) - a knot that forms a non-tightening loop. Designed to apply force in any direction. It is easily tied both at the end of the cable and in its middle. Several tied knots form a ladder for climbing a free-hanging support. Dangerous mistakes: loose knots. When a load is applied suddenly, a loose knot tends to flip over and slide along the cable for a while.

28. Vebelaiten- a drop-off knot. The image of the Vebelaiten knot is found in the Falconnier marine reference book (XVIII century).

29. Bucket- self-resetting knot. It holds under load, after a temporary removal of the load it disintegrates. With it, you can lower objects with a handle from a height.

30. Camel- the knot is used to fasten a thin rope to another, thicker one. Serves well for traction at any angle.

31. Water- a knot for a strong connection of two cables of the same diameter. It tightens under heavy load. It is very difficult to untie it. The first image of this knot dates back to 1496.

32. Military(Portuguese) - a type of gazebo knot. Allows you to adjust the size of the loops when landing a person.

33. Thief's knot (villainous) - similar to a straight line, but the running ends come out of it diagonally. It is not recommended to use this node, as it is unreliable. In the English Navy, it was tied on a duffel bag to prove the fact of theft. Thieves, mostly from among recruits, tied a robbed bag with a direct knot or a villainous one with a violation of the upper and lower positions of the running ends.

34. Eight(Savoy) - stop knot. It is used for fastening in narrow holes (for example, when using bolt hooks without a carabiner). For vertical descents - as a safety harness at the end of the rope. Equivalent knots are obtained when knitting from both the left and right directions. Reliable enough and easy to untie. It has long been considered a symbol of melancholy or sad love. Gained fame as the motto of the House of Savoy. Used in weaving macrome. The knot reduces the average strength of the rope by about 20%.

35. One-sided figure eight - knot forming a fixed loop. It can only be loaded in one direction and is mainly used as an auxiliary. In speleotourism, it is used for attaching transport bags to a rope.

36. Eight mobile - an auxiliary knot for tying ropes of the same diameter.

37. Roman figure eight - ideal knot for the organization of a hinge plate for additional support. The knot has been known since antiquity.

38. Moving eight - a knot for tying two ropes of the same diameter. Unties easier than a flat knot. This knot must be tightened and supplemented with control knots.

39. Counter- it is used for splicing ropes, including different diameters. Rational for tying ribbons and ribbons with a rope. It holds well and is easily untied after unloading. The use of control nodes on both sides is mandatory.

40. Blended(rapeseed) - auxiliary unit. Used to attach a rope to a round support. Used in macro. Reduces the average strength of nylon rope by up to 45%, polypropylene - by 49%.

41. Washed with a hose - similar to the bleached knot, but its running end is additionally clamped with a hose. For easy untying, the knot is finished with a "hose with a loop".

42. Tie- the most popular knot with a tightening loop for tying a tie. It is used by millions of men every day.

43. Big tie - a large knot with a tightening loop for tying a tie.

44. Hafel- the knot is used to fasten the rope to a cylindrical object.

45. Gachny with a hose - knot. Serves for lifting loads with a crane or on a hook.

46. ​​Gachny- knot. It is used for lining the cable on the hook.

47. Goldobin- a knot applicable for connecting two cables of the same thickness.

48. Grapevine(double weaving) - the most reliable knot for tying ropes of the same diameter, ribbons, knitting guy loops, bookmark loops. This knot is especially convenient when tying a loop for self-insurance. With the same knot, you can adjust the length of the loop.

49. Garda(Garda loop) - auxiliary, supporting node. It is carried out using two climbing carbines. Great insurance tool. Practically we will not replace when transporting the victim. Easy to knit. Reliable on wet and clay rope.

50. Double simple - stop knot.

51. Two-headed bloodworm - a knot forming a fixed loop in the middle of the rope. Variety of alpine conductor. Very reliable. It is used as an intermediate point of support on traverses, railings, obstacle clearance (waterfalls) on plumb lines. Dangerous mistakes: too loose, too tight, big loop.

52. Double conductor (hare ears) - a knot forming a double fixed loop. It is used for a hinge plate at the same time for two independent support (bolt hooks). The assembly allows adjustment and adjustment of the size of the loops until a uniform load is achieved on both supports.

53. Double loop - fishing knot. It is used for splicing two cords with loops. The latter are formed by surgical knots on the principle of an oak loop.

54. Double stevedoring (stevedoring bundle) - the knot is used for splicing fishing tackle. Knitted from two stevedoring knots according to the grapevine principle.

55. Nine- a knot forming a fixed loop at the end of a rope. Used for fastening with a carabiner. *1968

56. Diametric conductor - serves to form two fixed loops in diametrically opposite directions from the direction of the root end of the rope. * 1997

57. Docker- auxiliary node. Serves for tying cables of different diameters.

58. Oak- a knot applicable only in exceptional cases for tying two cables. The only thing positive quality- fastening speed and relative reliability. Greatly weakens the strength of the rope. Not suitable for tying synthetic ropes and lines.

59. Oak staircase - simple knitting of a series of oak knots. It is used in exceptional cases for descent or ascent on small plumb lines. Required condition- reliable fastening of the running end in the lower position after successive passage through oak loops. The only positive property is the speed of tying and relative reliability. After application, it is extremely problematic to untie. Further use of the used rope as a working one is prohibited due to its weakening.

60. Vein- an auxiliary knot that serves for reliable knitting on nylon and other fishing lines. Known since the 19th century.

61. Vein loop - a knot forming a fixed loop at the end of the thread. Used for thin fishing lines.

62. Western stamp - one of the reliable ways to fasten the end of the cable with synthetic thread.

63. Gripping- half kind of snake knot. It is used for tying two synthetic cables. It is suitable for any fishing line and is a reliable knot.

64. Zigzag- auxiliary node. It is mainly used for securing and pulling a high stack of cargo in an open body of a truck equipped with high racks.

65. Villainous- a node known for a long time, in different parts and under different names. Can be tied with a double folded rope. The best among similar bandit and pirate knots.

66. Serpentine- serves to connect two cables made of any materials.

67. Spanish(boatswain) - an auxiliary knot that forms two loops. Used as a gazebo. It should be borne in mind that small loops, when tightening the root ends, can be pulled through the knot and break its symmetry. Therefore, the Spanish-arbor knot should always be treated with caution.

68. Cable loop - a node that has two qualities. With the main knitting, it forms a tightening loop. But with further formation, a strong jerk behind the running end and the side of the loop opposite from the last one, the loop changes its characteristics and turns into a fixed loop.

69. Cossack- a kind of Kalmyk knot. Reliable self-tightening knot.

70. Californian - the knot was invented in the early seventies of the XX century by amateur fishermen in California for tying hooks, swivels and weights to a nylon line.

71. Kalmyk- practical and reliable self-tightening, resetting knot. He does not appear in any of the many manuals on knitting knots published abroad. It is used to attach the reins to the bridle, as well as to tie horses in the stable. It is used in the practice of the Russian fleet. The Kalmyk knot is quickly and easily knitted, instantly untied.

72. Shackled(double top) - a knot that forms two loops. Its name on English language means handcuffs. A node can serve the same purpose.

73. Capuchin("bloody knot", locking pigtail) - a locking knot. It is used for fastening in narrow holes with a carbineless hitch by bolt hooks). Applicable for emergency situations. The knot is quite reliable, easily untied. The number of knot hoses can be increased to nine; such knots were used by the Incas as a knot letter (quipu). In the Middle Ages, they were tied by Capuchin monks at the ends of the cords with which they girdled their cassocks. In the days of the sailing fleet and up to 1944 in the British army, rope lashes (cats) were tied at the ends of the braids, intended for punishment. Often used as a decorative knot. It is used in macrome weaving technique.

74. Carbine knot - a combination of a grasping knot with a carbine. When the load is removed, it moves more easily along the rope than the Bachmann knot. Works well on wet and icy ropes. In the event of a fall, the carabiner knot delays the movement of the carabiner and prevents it from falling. Knitted on double and single ropes.

75. Swing- self-tightening secure knot. Does not unravel with multiple jerks. The strength of the rope reduces slightly.

76. Dagger- one of the best knots for tying two large diameter plant cables. It is easy to untie if you loosen one of the extreme loops.

77. Bollard- knot. It is used for laying a cable on a bollard.

78. Bollard with eyelet - quick-released sea knot. It is used for laying a cable on a bollard.

79. Cobra- non-tightening knot. Serves for splicing two cables of the same diameter. Easily untied when unloaded. Springs under variable loads.* 1997

80. Bed bayonet- non-tightening knot. Holds securely and unties easily. It was used in the Navy for attaching hanging berths.

81. Peg(lamb leg) - auxiliary knot. Used to shorten the rope. Durable and reliable only under load.

82. Peg with pile knots - auxiliary node. Used to shorten the rope. More reliable than a leg of lamb.

83. Thomas peg (skrot) - auxiliary node. It is used to shorten the cable for a while, as well as to exclude a segment of the cable with questionable strength.

84. Mosquito- connecting node. Forms two non-tightening loops at the junction of ropes of the same diameter. It is knitted with running ends folded in half, laid towards each other. * 1993

85. Compromise- a knot used to tie the ends of cables of different diameters.

86. Constrictor(boa constrictor) - serves to connect the rope with the object in two wrapping loops. Tightens strongly. Unties badly.

87. Double constrictor - serves for reliable connection of the rope with the object in three wrapping loops. Strongly tightened, very difficult to untie.

88. Super constrictor - serves for reliable connection of the rope with the object in four wrapping loops. Tightens strongly. Untying the knot is extremely problematic.

89. Cord- auxiliary and decorative knot. Knitted on one rope.

90. Cow(inverted bayonet) - a good knot for pulling fences. It is used in marine business for fastening cables under load. 91. Royal - lock knot.

92. Crown(wreath) - an old decorative knot. Successive overlay of a number of crown knots forms a round braid; alternately changing the direction of the threads gives a faceted braid.

93. Short splash - the most durable connection of the two ends of the cables.

94. Koushny- marine unit, consisting of two parts. It is used to fasten the cable to the ring.

95. Cat's paw- pivot point. It is used for laying a cable in a hook. Does not come off after application and removal of the load. Holds firmly if the force falls evenly on both parts of it. Known since the 18th century.

96. Crab Loop(prolonged fire) - a knot that has two qualities, like a cable loop. With the main knitting, it forms a tightening loop. With further formation with a strong jerk for the running end and the side diagonal from it, the loop turns into a non-tightening loop.

97. Kungur- designed for simple splicing of the ends of ropes of the same diameter in difficult conditions (poor visibility). It is simple in execution, easily untied, has no sharp kinks. Requires control (safety) knots.

98. Courier- The knot is designed for strong traction and fast recoil. It is not recommended to use as a self-resetting. This knot is more difficult to reset than others.

99. Kuchersky- a knot well known to transport workers, carters and skippers of small barges. Not replaceable when there is a need to fasten high stacks on platforms, boats, etc. Simply released and removed.

100. Petal- forms a loop in the middle of the rope. Ease of knitting and reliability comparable to a riding loop.

101. Lavkovy- sea quick-release knot. It is used to attach the cable to the board.

102. Liana- a reliable knot for tying cables. Holds strong under very heavy loads. It is very easy to untie after removing the load, if you move any of the loops along the corresponding root end. Holds on a synthetic fishing line. If, when forming a knot, alternately load the root and running ends with a jerk, it turns into a knot that is difficult to untie, weakening the rope, which is called "square". The second method of knitting a vine knot, proposed in the early nineties by V. Goldobin (Perm), first forms the so-called "transformer", and after tightening the running ends - the classic vine knot.

103. Molt winding - A variation of the Prusik knot. The best knot for knitting stretch marks, allows you to adjust the tension of the fastening. Used for wrapping packages.

104. Liselny- used for fastening the cable to a round spar. It got its name from the additional sails that were placed on each side of the direct sails.

105. Salmon- a knot for tying fishing hooks. Holds securely on any fishing line.

106. Lotus(Chinese, four-sided Japanese) - a decorative knot. It is used in macrome weaving technique. Unlike cord, it is knitted on two ropes.

107. Archer(Turkish loop) - a knot for regulating the tension of the bowstring. One of the oldest and most amazing knots invented by man. It is knitted on a loop of a bowstring with a special additional vein for one of the ends of the bow.

108. Marinera- a specific drop climber's knot. It is used in difficult situations to create a temporary support for a hitch. Allows you to build up a cable under load, fasten it to a more reliable support, lay it on a winch, etc. After performing operations with the main rope, it allows you to smoothly transfer the load without jerks and quickly remove the temporary structure of the knot.

109. Mark- auxiliary node. It is used to fasten the rope laid in the bay, the so-called marking in the classical manner.

110. Brand climbing - auxiliary node. Serves for hooking a rope up to 40 meters long. It is used to fasten the bay with one of the ends of the laid rope.

111. Alpine brand - auxiliary node. Serves for quick kaylanie rope.

112. Polish mark (transport brand) - a special auxiliary unit. It is used for rocking climbing ropes over 40m long. The initial laying is carried out in loops of 2–3 m. The resulting bay is folded in half before knitting. Shoulder straps are knitted from two free ends.

113. Transport mark (brand in French) - auxiliary unit. It is used for hooking a rope up to 80 m long. This is a special marking for carrying the rope on the back. Straps are knitted from two free ends.

114. Shuttle brand - auxiliary node. Serves for hooking ropes longer than 60m. Complemented (contracted) by a direct knot.

115. Mill- the most common knot for tying bags. Tightly tightened and quickly untied by pulling out the loop of the running end.

116. Baggy- in the English Navy, this knot served to tie and carry canvas duffel bags (kis).

117. Multiple eight - used in cases where it is required to temporarily shorten the cable or exclude its unreliable part from work.

118. Artillery bloodworm (French clew) - an auxiliary knot that forms a non-tightening single loop. Designed for knitting at the end of the cable in any eyelet. It is more convenient for the indicated application than the burlak loop or grass loop.

119. Wet half bayonet - A knot designed for strong traction and fast recoil. Easily shed, being heavily tightened and wet.

120. Nauzel- new node. Suitable for tying ropes of the same diameter. * 1996

121. Nautilus- non-tightening knot. Easy to untie when unloaded. Serves for reliable splicing of two cables of the same diameter. Significantly less weakens the strength of the rope than similar knots. * 1995

122. Monkey Fist - auxiliary node. In the navy, it is used to make lightness on the throw. Weighting the lightness with a wooden ball or a rubber ball, they increase the throwing range when giving a throw and improve the buoyancy of the lightness itself, which is especially important when helping a person who has fallen overboard.

123. Winding- one of the gripping knots. In tourist practice, it is used on the main rope in the preparation of the crossing.

124. Ogop with eight - an auxiliary knot forming a non-tight loop. It is used on a very elastic and slippery synthetic rope. It has two knitting methods.

125. One-sided nine - auxiliary unit for hard cord and synthetic fishing line. Can only be loaded in one direction.* 1976

126. Olympic- a knot consisting of five closed loops. Serves for temporary shortening of the cable. It is an old sea knot from the time of tea, opium and woolen clippers. The English name of the node is translated very figuratively - "two hearts beating as one."

127. Hunter (cross) - connecting node. Holds perfectly on all cables and on thin synthetic fishing lines. Can be used to connect the middle of two ropes of the same diameter at an angle of 90°. The number of working ends - 4.

128. Batch- resembles a herbal knot. Designed for fast knitting. Durable. Used for packaging.

129. Fawn- a convenient knot for fastening the fallline of a boat or boat to a fell, biteng or single bollard.

130. Fawn bayonet- a popular knot in sailing. It is used for fastening the cable to the pal.

131. Penberty- A variation of the Prusik knot. It is used by Polish and English climbers and speleologists in the same way as the main knot.

132. Looped(horizon) - auxiliary node. Used in macrame technique.

133. Loopback- a knot that allows you to create a series of loops on the cord. It is used by anglers when fishing with several hooks at once.

134. Mountain loop (loop with blockade) - the knot forms a non-tightening, movable loop.

135. Picket- knot. Used to secure the cable to a round support.

136. Pirate- drop node. It consists of loops, which, when loaded on the root end, clamp and hold each other. If you pull on the running end, the structure loses the locking loop and immediately disintegrates.

137. Pythons(masons, ocean) - the knot is used to connect two transverse rails. They can be used to build a fence. The joints will be stronger than on nails.

138. Flat(Josephine knot) - a knot that is distinguished by symmetry. It is used for tying ropes and hummocks of different diameters. It is tied correctly if the ends to be joined are intertwined with each other in strict sequence, in other words, they go through one under one. The name came from French. In the old days, they tied ties, sashes, decorative elements of military uniforms. Theoretically, it can be tied in different ways, there are a large number of options, this is its danger. Practice shows that not every knot from this number is tied according to the principle of a flat knot and will hold securely. In the absence of control knots, a flat knot changes its shape under heavy load and is difficult to untie.

139. Flat double - it is applied to strong connection of thin cables.

140. Leash runner - a knot for attaching a transverse leash to a fishing line.

141. Lead snake - fishing knot. It is used for reliable fastening of a transverse leash to a fishing line.

142. Simple lead - fishing knot. Allows you to quickly change the transverse leashes on the fishing line.

143. Fire escape (pendant with musings) - reception of simultaneous knitting of a large number of simple knots. It is used for quick descent from the side into the boat, to help a person who has fallen overboard, as well as in other emergency situations. Reception consists in laying 5-7 peg on the palm of the left hand. Having passed the running end through the loops, by slowly, without jerking, stretching the running end form a chain of simple knots. This method is often used by illusionists.

144. Fishing half bayonet - a popular knot among yachtsmen. It is knitted on a round support (pal).

145. Polish- a knot used for tying thin cables.

146. Portuguese gazebo - a knot that, if necessary, replaces a real gazebo.

147. Conductor (oak loop) - forms a fixed loop at the end of the rope. In the practice of tourism, it is used to fasten the cable with a carabiner. It is not recommended to use it in the middle of the rope due to the significant weakening at the location of the knot and the great difficulty in untying it after applying the load. There are two ways of knitting: loop and one end. The knot reduces the average dry rope strength by 78.3 - 80.75%; when wet - by 75.9 - 78.35%; with frozen on - 52.2 - 57.3%. Dangerous errors: very loosely tightened; very tight; very long free end.

148. Simple stamp - a way to protect the end of the cable from unraveling.

149. Pyatigorsk gazebo (double conductor) - a reliable knot that forms two fixed loops. It is applicable for lowering the victim, as well as for knitting a double loop of self-insurance. *1997

150. Simple(ordinary) - an elementary, universal knot. In ancient times it was called "Kalach". The old Russian name was preserved behind pastries from dough rolled up in the form of this knot. Depending on how it is tied, a simple knot can be left or right. The left knot ("through the hand") was considered a symbol of a well-fed life. It is used as a safety at the running ends of the cables. Tourists call this knot "bayonet" - from the distorted English "stack". When tightened in the middle of the cable, it greatly weakens the rope and is untied with great difficulty, so it is not recommended to use it on working cables. If the tightened knot can be untied, then the weakened place on the rope is preserved. The knot reduces the average strength of the nylon rope to 63%, tyrilene - by 55%; polypropylene - by 57%.

151. Straight(Hercules) - an auxiliary node. It is used for tying cables of the same thickness with little traction. It is considered correct when the ends of each rope run parallel and together, and the root ends are directed directly opposite to each other. Tends to self-untie when the rope is loaded. Tying two ropes of different diameters with a straight knot is prohibited, since a thin rope under load tears a thick one. Control nodes are required at both ends. Differs in symmetry. Used in the technique of weaving macrame. Reduces the average strength of nylon rope by approximately 63%; terylene - by 55%.

152. Prusik(Prusik knot) - tied with a cord with a diameter of 6 - 7 mm around 9 - 14 mm of the main rope. Moves by hand as it goes up or down. In the event of a fall, the Prusik is tightened on a safety rope and prevents falling. Works under loads in any direction. In addition to belaying, Prusik can also be used directly when climbing a rope. Works poorly on wet and icy ground. Reduces the average strength of the rope in the range of 46.9 - 26.55 (with a dry rope - 69.1 - 73.5%; with a wet rope - 67.3 - 70.4%; with a frozen rope - 53.1 - 54.3%). Dangerous mistakes: the second coil goes to reverse direction in relation to the first; the ends of the turns of the auxiliary rope do not come out of the middle of the knot; knitted from a rope of a larger diameter than the diameter of the support.

153. Drunk- a knot forming two tightening loops. When pulling on the running and root ends, the loops are tightened. When a load is applied to the hinges, the knot unravels.

154. Robber- drop node. They tied the reins of the horse. The principle is the same as that of the villainous and pirate nodes.

155. Unleashing figure eight - a good quick-release knot.

156. Unleashed running simple - common node. It has the properties of a tightening and quick-release knot. It is with this knot that the horse's bridle is tied to the hitching post.

157. Simple untied - the simplest locking knot that can be quickly released even with a tight cable.

158. Unleashing Weber (untied clew, untied weaving) - derived from the clew knot. It received its name in 1794. Easily resets under load.

159. Versatile - derived from the bowline knot. The running ends are directed in different directions. Serves for tying two ropes of the same diameter.

160. Reef- a complicated version of the direct knot. Easily removable knot. It is used for tying cables of the same diameter with little traction. If necessary, securing the rope in the carabiner under load is simply irreplaceable. Easily knitted and untied under significant load, securely holds on dry and not icy ropes. Reduces the average strength of the rope within 46.5 - 20.5% (with a dry rope - 74.8 - 79.5%; with a wet rope - 72.9 - 77.8%; with a frozen rope - 53.5 - 57.2 %). Dangerous mistakes: the ends are not connected in the direction of long ropes, individual loops are tied poorly.

161. Reef Double - a complicated type of reef knot. Reduces the average strength of the rope within 45.0 - 20.0% (with a dry rope - 76.0 - 80.0%; with a wet rope - 70.4 - 79.6%; with a frozen rope - 55.0 - 58.1 %).

162. Roller- a combination of a simple knot and a multiple eight. The knot is used to tie a leash to a fishing line.

163. Fishing loop (English loop, fishing fire) - a knot used by anglers. Sailors are used instead of factory fire. When tightening, the knots must be brought closer together.

164. Ryndbulin- a method of weaving in four strands (crosses are applied, alternating the left and right directions of weaving).

165. Self-tightening - the simplest form of a noose from a simple knot. It must be applied with great care. It holds only when it is tied around a log, and a constant effort is applied to the root end. This knot is used to hang sacks of grain or cereals in warehouses to save them from rodents. By pulling down the running end of the cable from under the clamp and letting go, the suspended bag can be lowered smoothly.

166. Self-tightening with half bayonet - rarely used self-tightening knot. More reliable than the previous one.

167. Welding(pile) - fixing unit. Used when it is necessary to pass a tool that has a handle, working above or below the feeder. With this knot, a temporary rope fence is attached to poles or stakes. Used in macrame.

168. Swastika- decorative knot.

169. Shedding bayonets (sezen) - sea knot. It is used for lashing stowed sails on the forecastle to the rails, on the hafel and boom. With the same knots, the sails are securely laced to the spars through the eyelets on the luffs.

170. Silky- drawstring loop. The knot is considered one of the most smoothly and easily tightened. Snares made from horsehair or the thinnest nylon line with such a knot work flawlessly.

171. Scout(Baden-Povejala) - an auxiliary knot used to tie four poles in the construction of a hut or wigwam.

172. Sliding figure eight - Strongly tightened loop. Smoothly and evenly tightens when pulling at the root end.

173. Sliding blind loop - it is used for tying bales, bundles and other packages.

174. Furrier- a node designed for heavy loads. Serves for binding synthetic cables and fishing lines. Tightens tightly, but without special work unties.

175. Perfect loop (angler's loop) - a knot that forms a fixed loop at the end of the cable. Does not slip even on the thinnest synthetic fishing line. Known since 1870.

176. Sleepy- the knot can be used to connect two cables of the same diameter. After removing even a very large load, it is easily untied. * 1996

177. Allied- a combination of two "eternal knots" ("knots of happiness"). Revered as a symbol of marriage. Known since the III millennium BC.

178. Stem- auxiliary node. It is used for tying ropes of the same diameter. Reliable and easy to untie. A type of herbal knot. * 1997

179. Steling- knot. It is used to fix the board as a hanging bench or temporary bench.

180. Stevedoring- a locking knot of considerable size. When tightening this knot, make sure that the hoses at the root end do not twist and slip into the loop. A tight knot is easier to untie if you pull on the loop that is closer to the root end. The knot gained fame thanks to the knotting manual published in the 19th century by the American rope company Stinidor Ropes.

181. Locking- used to fasten one rope to another under load, to transfer the load to another fastening device. Preferably a retractable bayonet. Faster and easier to untie. When working with a rope under load, speed often plays a decisive role in the success of the entire operation.

182. Stopper Gondobin - a knot with an equal number of loops and hoses. A complicated variation of a simple knot. Three loops and three hoses increase the size compared to one loop and one hose, which allows you to securely fix the rope in fairly wide holes.

183. Locking movable - consecutive combination of two knots. Serves for tying a thin line to the shrouds and other stretched cables.

184. Stepped- a knot resembling a tightening noose. Most securely attaches the fishing line to a forged fishing hook without an eye.

185. Stratim- auxiliary symmetrical node. It is knitted as a central support (musinga) on short pieces of rope. * 1997.

186. Stirrup- universal auxiliary unit in combination with various support. It is used as a support for the foot when climbing the main rope with the help of grabs or grasping knots tied from a cord. Under heavy load, it seizes, but does not tighten. It differs from the vyblenochny knot only in the reception of knitting. The knot reduces the average strength of the rope by up to 40%. Dangerous mistakes: too many turns of rope; two loops are folded incorrectly.

187. Twilight- a reliable knot for connecting two cables of the same diameter. Slightly weakens the strength of ropes.* 1997

188. Deadly- incorrect knitting of the weaving (fishing) knot. Creates the appearance of a nodal connection of two ropes.

189. Grasping- climbing knot. Easily moves along the main rope, with a slight pull of the "lock". Loaded at both ends, securely clamps (grabs) the main rope. The working knot must be knitted with a rope of a smaller diameter (cord) on a rope almost twice as large (main). The root end must always be in relation to the node on the side of the application of the load. Dangerous errors: same as for the Prusik knot.

190. Grasping Oblique Austrian - the node has grasping properties. It must be knitted with a rope of a smaller diameter on a rope almost twice as large. The first description refers to 1840.

191. Tarbuka- a knot developed by Western tourists for cases of transferring heavy loads in parts.

192. Mother-in-law- a kind of woman's knot. As a working unit, it is strictly prohibited for use. Does not hold under load. It should never be used under any circumstances.

193. Tescher- complicated design of the mother-in-law knot. It can be used for splicing cables of the same diameter. Requires pre-tightening.*1996

194. Weaving(fishing, loess, English) - a knot known since ancient times. It is used for splicing ropes of the same diameter with a small traction. Control knots on both sides are required. The knot reduces the average strength of the rope within 46.9 - 23.0% (with a dry rope - 73.4 - 77.0%; with a wet rope - 70.4 - 74.%; with a frozen one - 53.1 - 54.1 %). Dangerous mistakes: the ends are not connected in the direction of the long ropes; individual loops are poorly tied.

195. Thomas(stupid Thomas) - a false knot with which it is impossible to fasten anything.

196. Top(non-tightening stirrup) - a knot used as a stirrup when climbing on grasping knots. It is free from the disadvantage of a bleached knot (self-dissolving during temporary removal of the load). Easy to knit and then tightly fitted around the leg.

197. Top triple - auxiliary grasping knot forming three loops. Knitted at the end of a pole or log prepared for vertical installation as a mast or flagpole. Stretch marks are tied to the loops of the knot, and the fourth is the root end, to which the running one is shortly knitted,

198. Top four loop - an auxiliary knot forming four loops. Knitted at the end of a pole or log prepared for vertical installation as a mast or flash pole on four guy wires. All four extensions are tied to the loops of the knot. *1997

199. End- auxiliary node. Knitted in the middle of the rope. Suitable for lifting loads. * 1998

200. Herbal- auxiliary node. It is used for tying flat slings or belts. Reliable and easy to untie. It has two knitting methods.

201. Grass loop - a kind of non-tightening single loop. Just like the burlatskaya and riding loop, it is designed for traction in any direction. Can be tied in the middle of the rope.

202. Transformer - auxiliary node. can take three various shapes. It transforms depending on which ends to tighten the already formed knot with a jerk.

203. Ladder(stormtrap) - a method of knitting a short hanging ladder. A ladder 2 m long is knitted from 12 m of a cable with a diameter of 12–14 mm.

208. Tuna- the best among all fishing knots designed for synthetic fishing line.

209. Turkish- decorative knot. Often knitted with a double rope. The basis of the Turkish braid.

210. Stranglehold(Zimmerman) - used to fasten the cable to supports, mainly trees or logs. Reliable if the rope is constantly taut (stretch marks, crossings). With a variable nature of the load, safety knots or lashing are required. Differs in accuracy of fixing. It is used in optics when it is necessary to tie a thread to a strictly defined place. The knot reduces the average strength of nylon rope by up to 45%; terylenic - by 35%; polypropylene - by 43%.

211. Tightening noose (hanging, Jack Ketch) - a sea knot similar to a scaffold knot. Received notoriety in connection with the name of the English executioner, who died in 1680. It is used for temporary fastening of the cable for objects floating in the water or for biteng. This knot has an advantage over the half bayonet garrote: the running end cannot slip out of the loop. On sailboats, it was used to fasten the root ends of the topsheets and topsheets when it was necessary to have these ends ready for recoil. The number of revolutions of the running end varies from 7 to 13.

212. Noose with half bayonets (forest, log) - a knot proven by centuries of experience. Serves for the safe lifting of logs and rigging. It always knits a little away from the middle of the log (pipe). The slack in the cable between the choke and half bayonets must be taken out before lifting. Half-bayonets must be laid in the course of the descent of the cable.

213. UIAA(Baumgartner) - a knot officially approved in 1971 by the decision of the International Union of Mountaineers. It is used for dynamic belay through a climbing carabiner. Used only on soft, elastic rope. When laying the turns of the cable into the carabiner, the direction of a possible jerk is strictly taken into account.

214. Oyster- a locking knot of considerable size. The knitting feature is two steps: tightening the running simple knot, the second tightening after passing the running end into the loop. If the knot is tightened in one step, then it is not formed correctly. Due to its symmetry, it is used to fasten the strings of musical instruments.

215. Ear- fishing universal knot for fishing lines. The bond strength is reduced by 96%.

216. Earreverse - a fishing knot, a complicated way of attaching a fishing line to a tackle eye.

217. Earcheckpoint - fishing knot. Used for attaching large hooks. The bond strength is reduced by 85%.

218. Earwith a turnover - a fishing knot for attaching a fishing line to a tackle eye. The bond strength is reduced by 96%.

219. Falovy- is considered a reliable knot for attaching a cable to a round spar.

220. Flemish(counter eight) - used for splicing ropes of the same diameter. It is very reliable, so it does not require a safety knot. Just ties and unties. Has two ways of execution.

221. Van- a knot, the main knitting element resembling a gazebo knot. It is used in cases where it is required to pull the cable with a gain twice in strength.

222. Franciscan - knot of weighting the end of the cable. Popular in sailing when casting mooring lines. In the past, the Franciscan friars used to tie these knots at the ends of their waist ropes.

223. French blocker (French noose) - climbing knot. It is used as a reliable self-insurance on a vertical support.

224. French top - knot. It forms two loops and two ends on the mast of the vessel for attaching three standing rigging gear.

228. Czech- new node. Serves to connect three ropes of the same diameter.

229. Four-loop - symmetrical decorative knot.

230. Articulated- auxiliary node. It can be used for tying ropes, both different and identical in diameter.

231. Miner's- a simple, reliable knot. Holds up well under pressure. Used to attach a rope to a round pole.

232. Swiss conductor (figure eight double, Flemish loop) - forms a loop at the end of the rope. Used for fastening with a climbing carabiner. Deprived of the shortcomings of the node with the name "conductor". In addition to easy knotting, it has increased strength (by about 10%) compared to many other knots. Two methods of knitting are used - a loop and one end.

233. clew- a knot found in ancient Egyptian drawings. Designed for tying cables or ropes of different thicknesses with little traction. Reduces the average strength of nylon rope by up to 47%, terylene rope by 51%, polypropylene rope by 59%.

234. Hose with a loop(boat) - auxiliary, the simplest node. Easily untied after unloading. It is used as a temporary fastening of a rope to objects with very moderate loads.

235. Bobbin- a knot for attaching threads to the bobbin and fishing line to the turret.

236. Double straight bayonet (crossed fishing bayonet) - a knot for pulling the cable. It is used when it is necessary to provide diagonal or horizontal movement of a person or cargo along a tightly stretched railing. Used for stretch marks.

237. Inverted bayonet - auxiliary node. Serves for tying a rope to an object. The running end after the second peg goes in the opposite direction and, as a result, the knot is stretched.

238. Plain bayonet- auxiliary node. Under load, it greatly weakens the rope and is untied with great difficulty. If the tightened knot can be untied, then the weakened place on the rope is preserved. It is not recommended to use it on working ropes. Reduces the average strength of nylon rope by up to 63%; tirylenic - by 55%; polypropylene - by 57%.

239. Retractable bayonet (mast bayonet) - a reliable unit under constant load. Used to attach rope to supports, mainly trees or logs. With a variable nature of the load, it is necessarily supplemented with a safety knot.

240. Bayonet with a hose - a kind of simple bayonet. It is used for fastening a rope, mainly for trees or logs. Reliable under constant load (stretch marks, crossings). With a variable nature of the load on the rope, safety knots or lashing are required. It is rarely used as a working node.

241. Reverse bayonet - auxiliary node. It is used when mooring ships, as well as for fastening the cable to objects, when it is very difficult to enclose the end of the cable around a log or log. It is used for tying a cable to the tow hook of some car brands.

242. Mast bayonet - a combination of two nodes. So that the knot does not turn out to be tightened, the fade is not completely tightened.

246. Flag- auxiliary drop unit. The signal flag, folded and tied with a halyard, is raised and, at the right time, dismissed and fastened. In this way, the flags of solidarity and maritime etiquette are never raised.

247. Tatting(eyed) - an exclusively auxiliary support unit. Reliable under tension. The root end must always be in relation to the node on the side of the application of the load. It is used in the Navy, in the technique of weaving macrame. It got its name from ancient needlework - tatting or shuttle lace.

248. Eskimo loop - a knot that forms a non-tightening loop. The Eskimos used this loop to attach the string to the bow. The size of the loop can be changed after the knot has already been tied.

249. Scaffold(Lynch knot) - an auxiliary knot that forms a tightening loop.

250. Ashley(Ashley's knot, tightening) - an auxiliary knot. Doesn't rattle after being tightened, holds securely without additional tightening. It is used for tying bags, sailing bags (kiss), for imposing a brand or a quick cut.

251. Southern cross(nautical cross) - a knot forming three loops and two ends around a round support. It was used in the old days for the same purposes as the top one. Sailors revere this knot as a talisman.

252. Ufersny- knot. Used for fixing in narrow holes. Used in emergency situations. It is fixed in cracks or clefts of rocks when descending from plumb lines. Knitted as a belay at the end of the rope. Reliable enough and easy to untie. IN sailing fleet this knot was knitted at the end of the lanyard to secure the latter in the hole of the lufer.

253. Yampol- a knot forming fixed loops both in the middle and at the end of the cable. By repeating knitting, you can get from one to four or more equivalent loops, while maintaining the unity of the nodal structure. * 1998

1. Austrian conductor(bergshaft, middle knot, alpine bloodworm, middle knot, butterfly, bee, riding loop) - a knot that forms a strong fixed loop in the middle of the rope. It is used as an intermediate point of support or suspension, support for blocks. With this knot, you can easily isolate the damaged section of the rope from work. It is very reliable and allows the load to be applied at an angle to the main direction of force. It has two knitting methods. Dangerous mistakes: too loose, too tight, big loop.
2. Academic knot- a complicated version of the direct knot. It is used for tying two ropes of different diameters. When heavily loaded, it does not tighten as much as a straight knot and is easier to untie. Requires the use of control nodes.
3. Academic dressing- a complicated kind of academic knot. Applicable for attaching to a rope of a larger diameter, two ropes of smaller diameters. * 1994
4. Shark- a complex knot designed exclusively for knitting on synthetic fishing lines. Differs in the big durability.
5. Amphora- knitted with a thin rope or cord on the neck of the vessel in order to facilitate its carrying by the formed handles. 1.3 m of cord is enough for tying on the neck of a household glass jar. Used in antiquity.
6. English(anchor bayonet, fishing bayonet) - a fishing knot reinforced with a half-bayonet. It is used for tying boats and light anchors, as well as for lifting loads. Reliable under constant tension. With a variable nature of the load, safety knots or lashing are required. When completed, it is often enhanced by a gazebo knot.
7. English braid(loop of Saratovkin, monkey chain) - auxiliary knot (weaving). In tourist practice, it is used to organize a pendulum crossing, climbing small plumb lines of 2 - 4 m. The main application is the temporary shortening of the cable (1 m of pigtail is obtained from 4 m of the cable). It was also used as a shock absorber.
8. Apocryphal- decorative knot. The drawing of this knot was used as a screensaver in ancient Russian handwritten texts - apocrypha (secret, intimate).
9. Arkan(lasso, honda) - a knot that forms a tightening loop at the end of the rope. It has been used since ancient times by nomadic peoples. Until now, this type of loop is used by cowboys in Mexico and the southern states of the United States.
10. Armenian(half-bayonet) - the knot is used for auxiliary knitting on the support thread. Made on the basis of a simple node. Used in macrome weaving technique.
11. Babiy(direct false) - a primitive knot that has firmly taken root in our life as a universal one. Incorrect knitting of a straight knot. Throughout the history of mankind, its use has done a lot of trouble and even claimed many human lives. Abroad, it is called "grandmother's", "stupid", "veal", "false". Self-loosens under load. As a working unit, it is strictly prohibited for use.
12. Bow(Austrian cockade) - a drop knot. It is usually tied on shoe laces, packages and decorative ribbons. Being not strongly tightened self-releases under load.
13. Bachman- nodal combination of a cord with a carabiner on the main rope. The advantage over the prusik is the easier way to move around the support. To do this, just put your thumb through the carabiner. At the same time, it is possible to move the grab along the rope or hold on to the step of the cable ladder. In the event of a fall, the Bachmann knot prevents falling. Knitted on single and double rope.
14. Butterfly double- suitable for knitting a double conductor (two fixed loops) in the middle of the rope. * 1993
15. Running gazebo(running bowline) - forms a protracted loop. Rarely used instead of a noose. Holds well under variable loads. In maritime affairs, it is used to catch snags, they are looking for and raising Admiralty anchors left at the bottom.
16. Running simple- the simplest knot forming a protracted loop. When pulling at the root end, the loop is tightened, but it can be increased in size by pulling the running end away from the loop. The control node is required.

17. Arbor- a type of bowline knot that forms a fixed loop. Of all the ways of tying cables from various materials (hemp and steel, Dacron and Manila), the connection using two harness knots with loops will be the most reliable. It is the basis of the chest harness. Of the several knitting methods, the most rational one allows you to tie a knot with one hand, with one continuous movement of the brush in 2-3 seconds. Reduces the average strength of nylon rope by 44%.
18. Arbor double(boatswain, military, loopback) - a knot that forms a double loop both in the middle and at the end of the cable. Does not allow you to adjust the size of the loops after tightening the knot. It is used as an arbor, as well as for lining loops on the oud.
19. Arbor with line(palstack with a line) - a knot used for mooring boats to mooring rings.
20. Arbor Russian- auxiliary knot forming two fixed loops. Used as a gazebo. Similar to the Spanish knot. It requires much more rope to complete it, although it is somewhat easier than Spanish.
21. Bitten- knot. Used for mooring small boats.
22. Barrel- the unit is used when loading containers that have a cylindrical shape. They can quickly tie a can or a tank without a handle.
23. Bramshkotovy- knot. Along with clew, it is used for splicing two ropes of different diameters. The main advantage is the relative ease of tying and untying with a high connection strength.
24. Towing- knot. It is used for fastening on a towing hook or bitten. They are delayed or pitted towing line.
25. Bowline- called the "king of knots". The name comes from the English term (The Bowline), denoting the tackle, which is used to pull the windward side luff of the lower straight sail. It was known to the ancient Egyptians and Phoenicians for 3000 BC. Despite the amazing compactness, it contains elements of a simple, half-bayonet, weaving and straight knots. The elements of all these nodes in a certain combination give the bowline the right to be called universal. The main advantage is the ease of tying and untying after removing the load. The knotted bowline has two loose ends. Only the one that forms an overlapped loop in the knot, and not a simple loop, should be loaded. This knot is used for harnesses and arbors (see harness knot) if they are tied from a cord or a double cargo parachute line. A simple bowline needs to be secured with a control knot as it tends to unravel. In all cases, the bowline must be tightened. The knot reduces the average strength of the rope within 45.9-49.0% (with a dry rope - 79.1 - 81.0%, wet - 76.9 - 78.1%; frozen - 54.1 -58.6% of the strength of the rope without node). Dangerous errors: very loosely tightened; very tight; long free end of the rope - dangerous weaves of loops; the loop of the knot is incorrectly laid - too short or too long loops.

26. Bowline double- used to connect parts of the safety system. This knot can be tied in the middle of the rope, for example, when reinsurance of the main linear support (rope) with the help of an additional support. The knot reduces the average strength of the rope within 45.3 - 17.2% (on a dry rope - 80.0 - 82.8%, wet - 78.7 - 80.6%, frozen - 54.7 - 60.5%). Dangerous Mistakes: Same as Bowline knot.
27. Burlatskaya loop(harness loop, Pushkar knot) - a knot that forms a non-tightening loop. Designed to apply force in any direction. It is easily tied both at the end of the cable and in its middle. Several tied knots form a ladder for climbing a free-hanging support. Dangerous mistakes: loose knots. When a load is applied suddenly, a loose knot tends to flip over and slide along the cable for a while.
28. Vebelaiten- a drop-off knot. The image of the Vebelaiten knot is found in the Falconnier marine reference book (XVIII century).
29. Bucket- self-resetting knot. It holds under load, after a temporary removal of the load it disintegrates. With it, you can lower objects with a handle from a height.
30. Camel- the knot is used to fasten a thin rope to another, thicker one. Serves well for traction at any angle.
31. Water- a knot for a strong connection of two cables of the same diameter. It tightens under heavy load. It is very difficult to untie it. The first image of this knot dates back to 1496.
32. Military(Portuguese) - a type of gazebo knot. Allows you to adjust the size of the loops when landing a person.
33. Thief's knot(villainous) - similar to a straight line, but the running ends come out of it diagonally. It is not recommended to use this node, as it is unreliable. In the English Navy, it was tied on a duffel bag to prove the fact of theft. Thieves, mostly from among recruits, tied a robbed bag with a direct knot or a villainous one with a violation of the upper and lower positions of the running ends.
34. Eight(Savoy) - stop knot. It is used for fastening in narrow holes (for example, when using bolt hooks without a carabiner). For vertical descents - as a safety harness at the end of the rope. Equivalent knots are obtained when knitting from both the left and right directions. Reliable enough and easy to untie. It has long been considered a symbol of melancholy or sad love. Gained fame as the motto of the House of Savoy. Used in weaving macrome. The knot reduces the average strength of the rope by about 20%.
35. One-sided figure eight- knot forming a fixed loop. It can only be loaded in one direction and is mainly used as an auxiliary. In speleotourism, it is used for attaching transport bags to a rope. The anime below shows the basis of the "eight" knots.

36. Eight mobile- an auxiliary knot for tying ropes of the same diameter.
37. Roman figure eight- ideal knot for the organization of a hinge plate for additional support. The knot has been known since antiquity.
38. Moving eight- a knot for tying two ropes of the same diameter. Unties easier than a flat knot. This knot must be tightened and supplemented with control knots.
39. Counter- it is used for splicing ropes, including different diameters. Rational for tying ribbons and ribbons with a rope. It holds well and is easily untied after unloading. The use of control nodes on both sides is mandatory.
40. Blended(rapeseed) - auxiliary unit. Used to attach a rope to a round support. Used in macro. Reduces the average strength of nylon rope by up to 45%, polypropylene - by 49%.

41. Washed with a hose- similar to the bleached knot, but its running end is additionally clamped with a hose. For easy untying, the knot is finished with a "hose with a loop".

42. Tie- the most popular knot with a tightening loop for tying a tie. It is used by millions of men every day.
43. Big tie- a large knot with a tightening loop for tying a tie.
44. Hafel- the knot is used to fasten the rope to a cylindrical object.
45. Gachny with a hose- knot. Serves for lifting loads with a crane or on a hook.
46. ​​Gachny- knot. It is used for lining the cable on the hook.
47. Goldobin- a knot applicable for connecting two cables of the same thickness.
48. Grapevine- the most reliable knot for tying ropes of the same diameter, tapes, knitting guy loops, loops for bookmarks. This knot is especially convenient when tying a loop for self-insurance.
49. Garda(Garda loop) - auxiliary, supporting node. It is carried out using two climbing carbines. Great insurance tool. Practically we will not replace when transporting the victim. Easy to knit. Reliable on wet and clay rope.
50. Double simple- stop knot.
51. Two-headed bloodworm- a knot forming a fixed loop in the middle of the rope. Variety of alpine conductor. Very reliable. It is used as an intermediate point of support on traverses, railings, obstacle clearance (waterfalls) on plumb lines. Dangerous mistakes: too loose, too tight, big loop.
52. Double conductor(hare ears) - a knot forming a double fixed loop. It is used for a hinge plate at the same time for two independent support (bolt hooks). The assembly allows adjustment and adjustment of the size of the loops until a uniform load is achieved on both supports.
53. Double loop- fishing knot. It is used for splicing two cords with loops. The latter are formed by surgical knots on the principle of an oak loop.
54. Double stevedoring(stevedoring bundle) - the knot is used for splicing fishing tackle. Knitted from two stevedoring knots according to the grapevine principle.
55. Nine- a knot forming a fixed loop at the end of a rope. Used for fastening with a carabiner. *1968
56. Diametric conductor- serves to form two fixed loops in diametrically opposite directions from the direction of the root end of the rope. * 1997
57. Docker- auxiliary node. Serves for tying cables of different diameters.
58. Oak- a knot applicable only in exceptional cases for tying two cables. The only positive quality is the speed of tying and relative reliability. Greatly weakens the strength of the rope. Not suitable for tying synthetic ropes and lines.
59. Oak staircase- simple knitting of a series of oak knots. It is used in exceptional cases for descent or ascent on small plumb lines. A prerequisite is the reliable fastening of the running end in the lower position after successive passing through the oak loops. The only positive property is the speed of tying and relative reliability. After application, it is extremely problematic to untie. Further use of the used rope as a working one is prohibited due to its weakening.
60. Vein- an auxiliary knot that serves for reliable knitting on nylon and other fishing lines. Known since the 19th century.
61. Vein loop- a knot forming a fixed loop at the end of the thread. Used for thin fishing lines.

62. Western stamp- one of the reliable ways to fasten the end of the cable with synthetic thread.
63. Gripping- half kind of snake knot. It is used for tying two synthetic cables. It is suitable for any fishing line and is a reliable knot.
64. Zigzag- auxiliary node. It is mainly used for securing and pulling a high stack of cargo in an open body of a truck equipped with high racks.
65. Villainous- a node known for a long time, in different parts and under different names. Can be tied with a double folded rope. The best among similar bandit and pirate knots.
66. Serpentine- serves to connect two cables made of any materials.
67. Spanish(boatswain) - an auxiliary knot that forms two loops. Used as a gazebo. It should be borne in mind that small loops, when tightening the root ends, can be pulled through the knot and break its symmetry. Therefore, the Spanish-arbor knot should always be treated with caution.
68. Capstan loop- a node that has two qualities. With the main knitting, it forms a tightening loop. But with further formation, a strong jerk behind the running end and the side of the loop opposite from the last one, the loop changes its characteristics and turns into a fixed loop.
69. Cossack- a kind of Kalmyk knot. Unturned bowline. Reliable self-tightening knot.
70. Californian- the knot was invented in the early seventies of the XX century by amateur fishermen in California for tying hooks, swivels and weights to a nylon line.
71. Kalmyk- practical and reliable self-tightening, resetting knot. He does not appear in any of the many manuals on knitting knots published abroad. It is used to attach the reins to the bridle, as well as to tie horses in the stable. It is used in the practice of the Russian fleet. The Kalmyk knot is quickly and easily knitted, instantly untied.
72. Shackled(double top) - a knot that forms two loops. Its name in English means "handcuffs". A node can serve the same purpose.
73. Capuchin("bloody knot", locking pigtail) - a locking knot. It is used for fastening in narrow holes with a carbineless hitch by bolt hooks). Used in emergency situations. The knot is quite reliable, easily untied. The number of knot hoses can be increased to nine; such knots were used by the Incas as a knot letter (quipu). In the Middle Ages, they were tied by Capuchin monks at the ends of the cords with which they girdled their cassocks. In the days of the sailing fleet and up to 1944 in the British army, rope lashes (cats) were tied at the ends of the braids, intended for punishment. Often used as a decorative knot. It is used in macrome weaving technique.
74. Carbine knot- a combination of a grasping knot with a carbine. When the load is removed, it moves more easily along the rope than the Bachmann knot. Works well on wet and icy ropes. In the event of a fall, the carabiner knot delays the movement of the carabiner and prevents it from falling. Knitted on double and single ropes.
75. Swing- self-tightening secure knot. Does not unravel with multiple jerks. The strength of the rope reduces slightly.
76. Dagger- one of the best knots for tying two large diameter plant cables. It is easy to untie if you loosen one of the extreme loops.
77. Bollard- knot. It is used for laying a cable on a bollard.
78. Bollard with eyelet- quick-released sea knot. It is used for laying a cable on a bollard.
79. Cobra- non-tightening knot. Serves for splicing two cables of the same diameter. Easily untied when unloaded. Springs under variable loads.* 1997
80. Bed bayonet- non-tightening knot. Holds securely and unties easily. It was used in the Navy for attaching hanging berths.

81. Peg(lamb leg) - auxiliary knot. Used to shorten the rope. Durable and reliable only under load.
82. Peg with pile knots- auxiliary node. Used to shorten the rope. More reliable than a leg of lamb.
83. Thomas peg(skrot) - auxiliary node. It is used to shorten the cable for a while, as well as to exclude a segment of the cable with questionable strength.
84. Mosquito- connecting node. Forms two non-tightening loops at the junction of ropes of the same diameter. It is knitted with running ends folded in half, laid towards each other. * 1993
85. Compromise- a knot used to tie the ends of cables of different diameters.
86. Constrictor(boa constrictor) - serves to connect the rope with the object in two wrapping loops. Tightens strongly. Unties badly.
87. Double constrictor- serves for reliable connection of the rope with the object in three wrapping loops. Strongly tightened, very difficult to untie.
88. Super constrictor- serves for reliable connection of the rope with the object in four wrapping loops. Tightens strongly. Untying the knot is extremely problematic.
89. Cord- auxiliary and decorative knot. Knitted on one rope.
90. Cow(inverted bayonet) - a good knot for pulling fences. It is used in marine business for fastening cables under load. 91. Royal - lock knot.
92. Crown(wreath) - an old decorative knot. Successive overlay of a number of crown knots forms a round braid; alternately changing the direction of the threads gives a faceted braid.
93. Short splash- the most durable connection of the two ends of the cables.
94. Koushny- marine unit, consisting of two parts. It is used to fasten the cable to the ring.
95. Cat's paw- pivot point. It is used for laying a cable in a hook. Does not come off after application and removal of the load. Holds firmly if the force falls evenly on both parts of it. Known since the 18th century.
96. Crab Loop(prolonged fire) - a knot that has two qualities, like a cable loop. With the main knitting, it forms a tightening loop. With further formation with a strong jerk for the running end and the side diagonal from it, the loop turns into a non-tightening loop.
97. Kungur- designed for simple splicing of the ends of ropes of the same diameter in difficult conditions (poor visibility). It is simple in execution, easily untied, has no sharp kinks. Requires control (safety) knots.
98. Courier- The knot is designed for strong traction and fast recoil. It is not recommended to use as a self-resetting. This knot is more difficult to reset than others.
99. Kuchersky- a knot well known to transport workers, carters and skippers of small barges. Not replaceable when there is a need to fasten high stacks on platforms, boats, etc. Just released and removed.
100. Petal- forms a loop in the middle of the rope. Ease of knitting and reliability comparable to a riding loop.
101. Lavkovy- sea quick-release knot. It is used to attach the cable to the board.

102. Liana- a reliable knot for tying cables. Holds strong under very heavy loads. It is very easy to untie after removing the load, if you move any of the loops along the corresponding root end. Holds on a synthetic fishing line. If, when forming a knot, alternately load the root and running ends with a jerk, it turns into a knot that is difficult to untie, weakening the rope, which is called "square". The second method of knitting a vine knot, proposed in the early nineties by V. Goldobin (Perm), first forms the so-called "transformer", and after tightening the running ends - the classic vine knot.
103. Molt winding- A variation of the Prusik knot. The best knot for knitting stretch marks, allows you to adjust the tension of the fastening. Used for wrapping packages.
104. Liselny- used for fastening the cable to a round spar. It got its name from the additional sails that were placed on each side of the direct sails.
105. Salmon- a knot for tying fishing hooks. Holds securely on any fishing line.
106. Lotus(Chinese, four-sided Japanese) - a decorative knot. It is used in macrome weaving technique. Unlike cord, it is knitted on two ropes.
107. Archer(Turkish loop) - a knot for regulating the tension of the bowstring. One of the oldest and most amazing knots invented by man. It is knitted on a loop of a bowstring with a special additional vein for one of the ends of the bow.
108. Marinera- a specific drop climber's knot. It is used in difficult situations to create a temporary support for a hitch. Allows you to increase the cable under load, secure it to a more reliable support, lay it on a winch, etc. After performing operations with the main rope, it allows you to smoothly, without jerks, transfer the load and quickly remove the temporary structure of the knot.
109. Mark- auxiliary node. It is used to fasten the rope laid in the bay, the so-called marking in the classical manner.
110. Brand climbing- auxiliary node. Serves for hooking a rope up to 40 meters long. It is used to fasten the bay with one of the ends of the laid rope.
111. Alpine brand- auxiliary node. Serves for quick kaylanie rope.
112. Polish mark(transport brand) - a special auxiliary unit. It is used for rocking climbing ropes over 40m long. The initial laying is carried out in loops of 2-3 m. The resulting bay is folded in half before knitting. Shoulder straps are knitted from two free ends.
113. Transport mark(brand in French) - auxiliary unit. It is used for hooking a rope up to 80 m long. This is a special marking for carrying the rope on the back. Straps are knitted from two free ends.
114. Shuttle brand- auxiliary node. Serves for hooking ropes longer than 60m. Complemented (contracted) by a direct knot.
115. Mill- the most common knot for tying bags. Tightly tightened and quickly untied by pulling out the loop of the running end.
116. Baggy- in the English Navy, this knot served to tie and carry canvas duffel bags (kis).
117. Multiple eight- used in cases where it is required to temporarily shorten the cable or exclude its unreliable part from work.
118. Artillery bloodworm(French clew) - an auxiliary knot that forms a non-tightening single loop. Designed for knitting at the end of the cable in any eyelet. It is more convenient for the indicated application than the burlak loop or grass loop.
119. Wet half bayonet- A knot designed for strong traction and fast recoil. Easily shed, being heavily tightened and wet.
120. Nauzel- new node. Suitable for tying ropes of the same diameter. * 1996
121. Nautilus- non-tightening knot. Easy to untie when unloaded. Serves for reliable splicing of two cables of the same diameter. Significantly less weakens the strength of the rope than similar knots. * 1995
122. Monkey Fist- auxiliary node. In the navy, it is used to make lightness on the throw. Weighting the lightness with a wooden ball or a rubber ball, they increase the throwing range when giving a throw and improve the buoyancy of the lightness itself, which is especially important when helping a person who has fallen overboard.
123. Winding- one of the gripping knots. In tourist practice, it is used on the main rope in the preparation of the crossing.

124. Ogop with eight- an auxiliary knot forming a non-tight loop. It is used on a very elastic and slippery synthetic rope. It has two knitting methods.
125. One-sided nine- auxiliary unit for hard cord and synthetic fishing line. Can only be loaded in one direction.* 1976
126. Olympic- a knot consisting of five closed loops. Serves for temporary shortening of the cable. It is an old sea knot from the time of tea, opium and woolen clippers. The English name of the node is translated very figuratively - "two hearts beating as one."
127. Hunter(cross) - connecting node. Holds perfectly on all cables and on thin synthetic fishing lines. Can be used to connect the middle of two ropes of the same diameter at an angle of 90°. The number of working ends - 4.
128. Batch- resembles a herbal knot. Designed for fast knitting. Durable. Used for packaging.
129. Fawn- a convenient knot for fastening the fallline of a boat or boat to a fell, biteng or single bollard.
130. Fawn bayonet- a popular knot in sailing. It is used for fastening the cable to the pal.
131. Penberty- A variation of the Prusik knot. It is used by Polish and English climbers and speleologists in the same way as the main knot.
132. Looped(horizon) - auxiliary node. Used in macrame technique.
133. Loopback- a knot that allows you to create a series of loops on the cord. It is used by anglers when fishing with several hooks at once.
134. Mountain loop(loop with blockade) - the knot forms a non-tightening, movable loop.
135. Picket- knot. Used to secure the cable to a round support.
136. Pirate- drop node. It consists of loops, which, when loaded on the root end, clamp and hold each other. If you pull on the running end, the structure loses the locking loop and immediately disintegrates.
137. Pythons(masons, ocean) - the knot is used to connect two transverse rails. They can be used to build a fence. The joints will be stronger than on nails.
138. Flat(Josephine knot) - a knot that is distinguished by symmetry. It is used for tying ropes and hummocks of different diameters. It is tied correctly if the ends to be joined are intertwined with each other in strict sequence, in other words, they go through one under one. The name comes from French. In the old days, they tied ties, sashes, decorative elements of military uniforms. Theoretically, it can be tied in different ways, there are a large number of options, this is its danger. Practice shows that not every knot from this number is tied according to the principle of a flat knot and will hold securely. In the absence of control knots, a flat knot changes its shape under heavy load and is difficult to untie.
139. Flat double- it is applied to strong connection of thin cables.
140. Leash runner- a knot for attaching a transverse leash to a fishing line.
141. Lead snake- fishing knot. It is used for reliable fastening of a transverse leash to a fishing line.
142. Simple lead- fishing knot. Allows you to quickly change the transverse leashes on the fishing line.
143. Fire escape(pendant with musings) - reception of simultaneous knitting of a large number of simple knots. It is used for quick descent from the side into the boat, to help a person who has fallen overboard, as well as in other emergency situations. Reception consists in laying 5-7 peg on the palm of the left hand. Having passed the running end through the loops, by slowly, without jerking, stretching the running end form a chain of simple knots. This method is often used by illusionists.
144. Fishing half bayonet- a popular knot among yachtsmen. It is knitted on a round support (pal).
145. Polish- a knot used for tying thin cables.

146. Portuguese gazebo- a knot that, if necessary, replaces a real gazebo.
147. Explorer(oak loop) - forms a fixed loop at the end of the rope. In the practice of tourism, it is used to fasten the cable with a carabiner. It is not recommended to use it in the middle of the rope due to the significant weakening at the location of the knot and the great difficulty in untying it after applying the load. There are two ways of knitting: loop and one end. The knot reduces the average dry rope strength by 78.3 - 80.75%; when wet - by 75.9 - 78.35%; with frozen on - 52.2 - 57.3%. Dangerous errors: very loosely tightened; very tight; very long free end.
148. Simple stamp- a way to protect the end of the cable from unraveling.
149. Pyatigorsk gazebo(double conductor) - a reliable knot that forms two fixed loops. It is applicable for lowering the victim, as well as for knitting a double loop of self-insurance. *1997
150. Simple(ordinary) - an elementary, universal knot. In ancient times it was called "Kalach". The old Russian name was preserved behind pastries from dough rolled up in the form of this knot. Depending on how it is tied, a simple knot can be left or right. The left knot ("through the hand") was considered a symbol of a well-fed life. It is used as a safety at the running ends of the cables. Tourists call this knot "bayonet" - from the distorted English "stack". When tightened in the middle of the cable, it greatly weakens the rope and is untied with great difficulty, so it is not recommended to use it on working cables. If the tightened knot can be untied, then the weakened place on the rope is preserved. The knot reduces the average strength of a nylon rope up to 63%, tyrilene - by 55%; polypropylene - by 57%.
151. Straight(Hercules) - an auxiliary node. It is used for tying cables of the same thickness with little traction. It is considered correct when the ends of each rope run parallel and together, and the root ends are directed directly opposite to each other. Tends to self-untie when a straight knotted rope is loaded alternately. Tying two ropes of different diameters with a straight knot is prohibited, since a thin rope under load tears a thick one. Control nodes are required at both ends. Differs in symmetry. Used in the technique of weaving macrame. Reduces the average strength of nylon rope by approximately 63%; terylene - by 55%.

152. Prusik(Prusik knot) - tied with a cord with a diameter of 6 - 7 mm around 9 - 14 mm of the main rope. Moves by hand as it goes up or down. In the event of a fall, the Prusik is tightened on a safety rope and prevents falling. Works under loads in any direction. In addition to belaying, Prusik can also be used directly when climbing a rope. Works poorly on wet and icy ground. Reduces the average strength of the rope in the range of 46.9 - 26.55 (with a dry rope - 69.1 - 73.5%; with a wet rope - 67.3 - 70.4%; with a frozen rope - 53.1 - 54.3%). Dangerous mistakes: the second turn goes in the opposite direction with respect to the first; the ends of the turns of the auxiliary rope do not come out of the middle of the knot; knitted from a rope of a larger diameter than the diameter of the support.
153. Drunk- a knot forming two tightening loops. When pulling on the running and root ends, the loops are tightened. When a load is applied to the hinges, the knot unravels.
154. Robber- drop node. They tied the reins of the horse. The principle is the same as that of the villainous and pirate nodes.
155. Unleashing figure eight- a good quick-release knot.
156. Unleashed running simple- common node. It has the properties of a tightening and quick-release knot. It is with this knot that the horse's bridle is tied to the hitching post.
157. Simple untied- the simplest locking knot that can be quickly released even with a tight cable.
158. Unleashing Weber(untied clew, untied weaving) - derived from the clew knot. It received its name in 1794. Easily resets under load.
159. Versatile- derived from the bowline knot. The running ends are directed in different directions. Serves for tying two ropes of the same diameter.
160. Reef- a complicated version of the direct knot. Easily removable knot. It is used for tying cables of the same diameter with little traction. If necessary, securing the rope in the carabiner under load is simply irreplaceable. Easily knitted and untied under significant load, securely holds on dry and not icy ropes. Reduces the average strength of the rope within 46.5 - 20.5% (with a dry rope - 74.8 - 79.5%; with a wet rope - 72.9 - 77.8%; with a frozen rope - 53.5 - 57.2 %). Dangerous mistakes: the ends are not connected in the direction of long ropes, individual loops are tied poorly.
161. Reef Double- a complicated type of reef knot. Reduces the average strength of the rope within 45.0 - 20.0% (with a dry rope - 76.0 - 80.0%; with a wet rope - 70.4 - 79.6%; with a frozen rope - 55.0 - 58.1 %).
162. Roller- a combination of a simple knot and a multiple eight. The knot is used to tie a leash to a fishing line.
163. Fishing loop(English loop, fishing fire) - a knot used by anglers. Sailors are used instead of factory fire. When tightening, the knots must be brought closer together.
164. Ryndbulin- a method of weaving in four strands (crosses are applied, alternating the left and right directions of weaving).
165. Self-tightening- the simplest form of a noose from a simple knot. It must be applied with great care. It holds only when it is tied around a log, and a constant effort is applied to the root end. This knot is used to hang sacks of grain or cereals in warehouses to save them from rodents. By pulling down the running end of the cable from under the clamp and letting go, the suspended bag can be lowered smoothly.

166. Self-tightening with half bayonet- rarely used self-tightening knot. More reliable than the previous one.
167. Welding(pile) - fixing unit. Used when it is necessary to pass a tool that has a handle, working above or below the feeder. With this knot, a temporary rope fence is attached to poles or stakes. Used in macrame.
168. Swastika- decorative knot.
169. Shedding bayonets(sezen) - sea knot. It is used for lashing stowed sails on the forecastle to the rails, on the hafel and boom. With the same knots, the sails are securely laced to the spars through the eyelets on the luffs.
170. Silky- drawstring loop. The knot is considered one of the most smoothly and easily tightened. Snares made from horsehair or the thinnest nylon line with such a knot work flawlessly.
171. Scout(Baden-Povejala) - an auxiliary knot used to tie four poles in the construction of a hut or wigwam.
172. Sliding figure eight- Strongly tightened loop. Smoothly and evenly tightens when pulling at the root end.
173. Sliding blind loop- it is used for tying bales, bundles and other packages.
174. Furrier- a node designed for heavy loads. Serves for binding synthetic cables and fishing lines. Tightens tightly, but untied without much difficulty.
175. Perfect loop(angler's loop) - a knot that forms a fixed loop at the end of the cable. Does not slip even on the thinnest synthetic fishing line. Known since 1870.
176. Sleepy- the knot can be used to connect two cables of the same diameter. After removing even a very large load, it is easily untied. * 1996
177. Allied- a combination of two "eternal knots" ("knots of happiness"). Revered as a symbol of marriage. Known since the III millennium BC.
178. Stem- auxiliary node. It is used for tying ropes of the same diameter. Reliable and easy to untie. A type of herbal knot. * 1997
179. Steling- knot. It is used to fix the board as a hanging bench or temporary bench.
180. Stevedoring- a locking knot of considerable size. When tightening this knot, make sure that the hoses at the root end do not twist and slip into the loop. A tight knot is easier to untie if you pull on the loop that is closer to the root end. The knot gained fame thanks to the knotting manual published in the 19th century by the American rope company Stinidor Ropes.
181. Locking- used to fasten one rope to another under load, to transfer the load to another fastening device. Preferably a retractable bayonet. Faster and easier to untie. When working with a rope under load, speed often plays a decisive role in the success of the entire operation.
182. Stopper Gondobin- a knot with an equal number of loops and hoses. A complicated variation of a simple knot. Three loops and three hoses increase the size compared to one loop and one hose, which allows you to securely fix the rope in fairly wide holes.
183. Locking movable- consecutive combination of two knots. Serves for tying a thin line to the shrouds and other stretched cables.
184. Stepped- a knot resembling a tightening noose. Most securely attaches the fishing line to a forged fishing hook without an eye.
185. Stratim- auxiliary symmetrical node. It is knitted as a central support (musinga) on short pieces of rope. * 1997.
186. Stirrup- universal auxiliary unit in combination with various support. It is used as a support for the foot when climbing the main rope with the help of grabs or grasping knots tied from a cord. Under heavy load, it seizes, but does not tighten. It differs from the vyblenochny knot only in the reception of knitting. The knot reduces the average strength of the rope by up to 40%. Dangerous mistakes: too many turns of rope; two loops are folded incorrectly.
187. Twilight- a reliable knot for connecting two cables of the same diameter. Slightly weakens the strength of ropes.* 1997
188. Deadly- incorrect knitting of the weaving (fishing) knot. Creates the appearance of a nodal connection of two ropes.
189. Grasping- climbing knot. Easily moves along the main rope, with a slight pull of the "lock". Loaded at both ends, securely clamps (grabs) the main rope. The working knot must be knitted with a rope of a smaller diameter (cord) on a rope almost twice as large (main). The root end must always be in relation to the node on the side of the application of the load. Dangerous errors: same as for the Prusik knot.
190. Grasping Oblique Austrian- the node has grasping properties. It must be knitted with a rope of a smaller diameter on a rope almost twice as large. The first description refers to 1840.

June 1st, 2016

I remembered and re-read the topic about. But I don’t know how to tie sea knots at all, even the simplest ones.

However, the skill is useful and you never know exactly when it will come in handy. That's why I decided to start learning something. Where do we start?

Let's try with these as they say simple and useful options:

flat knot

It has long been considered one of the most reliable knots for tying cables of different thicknesses. Having eight weaves, the flat knot never tightens too much, does not creep and does not spoil the cable, since it does not have sharp bends, and the load on the cables is evenly distributed over the knot. After removing the load on the cable, this knot is easy to untie.

The name "flat knot" came into our maritime language from French. He introduced it for the first time in his "Dictionary maritime terms» famous French shipbuilder Daniel Lascalier in 1783. But the knot was, of course, known to sailors of all countries long before that. What it was called before, we do not know. It has long been considered one of the most reliable knots for tying cables of different thicknesses. They even tied anchor hemp ropes and mooring lines.
Having eight weaves, the flat knot never tightens too much, does not creep and does not spoil the cable, since it does not have sharp bends, and the load on the cables is evenly distributed over the knot. After removing the load on the cable, this knot is easy to untie.
The principle of a flat knot lies in its shape: it is really flat, and this makes it possible to choose the cables connected by it on the drums of capstans and windlasses, on the welps of which its shape does not interfere with the even overlap of subsequent hoses.

In marine practice, there are two options for knitting this knot: a loose knot with tacking of its free running ends to the root or half-bayonets at their ends and without such a tack when the knot is tightened. A flat knot tied in the first way (in this form it is called the “Josephine knot”) on two cables of different thicknesses almost does not change its shape even with very high traction and is easily untied when the load is removed. The second knitting method is used for tying thinner than anchor ropes and mooring lines, cables, with the same or almost the same thickness. At the same time, it is recommended to first tighten the tied flat knot with your hands so that it does not twist with a sharp pull. After that, when a load is given to the connected cable, the knot crawls and twists for some time, but, having stopped, it holds firmly. It unties without attachment special efforts shift of loops covering the root ends.
As already mentioned, a flat knot has eight weaves of cables and it would seem that it can be tied in different ways - there are 256 different options for tying it. But practice shows that not every knot from this number, tied according to the principle of a flat knot (alternating intersection of the opposite ends “under and over”), will hold securely. Ninety percent of them are unreliable, and some are even dangerous for tying cables designed for strong traction. Its principle depends on changing the sequence of intersection of the connected cables in a flat knot, and it is enough to slightly change this sequence, as the knot gets other negative qualities.

In many textbooks and reference books on maritime practice published in our country and abroad, the flat knot is depicted in different ways and in most cases incorrectly. This happens both due to the negligence of the authors, and due to the fault of the graphs, which, redrawing the knot scheme from the author's sketches in one color, cannot always make out whether the end passes over or under the other end. Here is one of the best forms of a flat knot, tested and tested by practice. Other valid variants of this node are deliberately not given by the author so as not to scatter the reader's attention and not give him the opportunity to confuse the scheme of this node with any other. Before putting this knot into practice for any important business, you must first remember exactly its scheme and tie the cables exactly along it without any, even the most insignificant deviations. Only in this case, the flat knot will serve you faithfully and will not let you down.
This marine knot is indispensable for tying two cables (even steel ones, on which a significant effort will be applied, for example, when pulling a heavy truck stuck in mud on half a wheel with a tractor).

Eight

This classic knot forms the basis of a dozen other, more complex knots for various purposes. It can be used as a stopper at the end of the cable (unlike a simple knot, it does not damage the cable even with strong pull and can always be easily untied) or, for example, for rope handles of a wooden bucket or tub. You can even fasten the strings to the tuning pegs of violins, guitars and other musical instruments with a figure eight.

Portuguese bowline

It is used when you need to tie two loops at one end at once. For example, to lift a wounded person, his legs are threaded into loops, and with the root end (when knitting knots, they act as the so-called running ends of the cables, and those ends around which the running ends are wrapped are called root) around the chest under the armpits a half bayonet is knitted. In this case, the person will not fall out, even if he is unconscious.

Improved Dagger Knot

In foreign rigging practice, this knot is considered one of the best knots for tying two large diameter cables. It is not very complicated in its scheme and is quite compact when tightened.

It is most convenient to tie it if you first lay the running end of the cable in the form of a figure of the number 8 on top of the main one. After that, thread the elongated running end of the second cable into loops, pass it under the middle intersection of the figure eight and bring it out over the second intersection of the first cable. Next, the running end of the second cable must be passed under the root end of the first cable and inserted into the figure-eight loop, as the arrow indicates. When the knot is tightened, the two running ends of both cables stick out in different directions. The dagger knot is easy to untie if one of the extreme loops is loosened.

Flemish loop

It is a strong and easily untied loop at the end of the cable, being tied in a figure eight on a cable folded in half. The Flemish loop is suitable for knitting on both thick and thin cables. It almost does not weaken the strength of the cable. In addition to maritime affairs, it can also be used for fastening the strings of musical instruments.

flemish knot

In fact, this is the same figure eight, but tied with two ends. The Flemish knot is one of the oldest marine knots used on ships to connect two cables, both thin and thick.

The Flemish knot is one of the oldest maritime knots, which has found its application both at sea and on land. Also, this type of knot has a second name - the oncoming figure eight. This knot originated in Europe about 800 years ago. This knot is quite strong and easy to untie and easily fastens thick cables and ropes, as well as thin ropes and threads.

We bend one end of the rope and make a loop, draw it under the main rope and make a second loop;
We thread the end of the rope into the first loop of the resulting figure eight;
Similar actions, only in mirror image, we carry out with the end of the second rope;
With proper knitting, you should get an interlaced figure eight;
We tighten the knot;
Flemish knot - ready!

Fishing bayonet

For five thousand years of the existence of shipping, people could not come up with a more reliable knot for tying an anchor rope to an anchor than a fishing bayonet. This knot, proven by centuries of experience in marine practice, can also be safely used in all cases when working with cables when they are subject to strong traction.
Read on Don "t Panic: http://dnpmag.com/2016/05/29/10-samyx-poleznyx-morskix-uzlov/

Stop knot

This type of marine knot is designed to increase the diameter of the cable to prevent it from slipping out of the block, as it does not slip and holds securely. To make the stop knot even larger (for example, when the diameter of the hole through which the cable passes is much larger than the diameter of the cable), you can tie a knot with three loops. It can also come in handy when you need to make a convenient handle at the end of the cable.

noose

It has long been one of the most indispensable units in the sailing fleet. Logs were tied with a noose in the water for towing, it was used to load objects cylindrical in shape, rails and telegraph poles were loaded. Moreover, this knot, proven by centuries of experience at sea, has long been used on the shore - not in vain on many foreign languages it is called "forest knot" or "log knot". The noose with half bayonets is a reliable and very strong knot, which is extremely tightened around the object being lifted.

Tourist knots. Balabanov I.V.

Knots are ways of connecting ropes, ribbons, fishing lines, various threads, etc., ways of forming loops and tying ropes to various objects. In addition, the very connection of the ropes is called a knot.

There are quite a few nodes. As L.N. Skryagin in the book "Sea Knots", the American K. Ashley collected and described about 700 of their species. It is obvious that it is simply impossible to know and be able to knit such a number of knots, and there is no need.

Tourist hubs are subject to certain requirements dictated by the practice of their application. Tourist knots should: be tied simply ( easy to remember); not untie spontaneously under load or after its removal; do not "crawl" when; do not tighten "tightly" unnecessarily; correspond to its purpose. In addition, if there is any doubt about the correctness of knitting a knot, it is better to refuse it and use another knot that is well known to you.

Each rope, rope, cord, etc. have their own strength. True, when we tie a tent guy to a tree, we hardly think about the strength of the rope used for these purposes. It is a completely different matter when it comes to the rope that, say, climbers are tied during ascents and which is used for insurance. In this case, its strength characteristics are important. Therefore, it would be useful to say that all knots significantly weaken the strength of the rope. For example, the figure-eight knot - by 25%, the bowline knot - by 30%, the weaving knot - by 35%. Other knots reduce the strength of the rope by about the same limits. In addition, it is important to know that a wet rope reduces its strength by 10%, the strength of ropes decreases by almost 30% at temperatures close to 30 ° below zero. The strength of ropes that are dirty, old, dried in the sun and with a broken outer sheath is reduced by half.

To knit knots correctly, of course, practice is needed. Those who need it will strengthen their skills by training. After all, not all knots fit easily. There are very successful knots, but difficult to remember. In general, the ability to knit knots is very individual. Someone will have to memorize a simple knot for a long time, and someone will knit a knot with a complex pattern the first time.

straight knot
Spontaneously unties ("creeps"), therefore, use without control nodes is only permissible for domestic purposes.

reef knot
A variant of a straight knot with a loop that makes it easier to untie. It is used as an auxiliary, not working under load. The option with two loops at the running ends is known to everyone since childhood under the name " bow".

Weaving knot.

Counter node.
It does not creep, it tightens strongly under load, it is used for tying ropes of any diameter and ribbon-rope combinations.

counter eight
The characteristics are similar to the counter node.

Shkotovy (а-в) and bramshkotovy (d) knots
Under load, they do not tighten, but "creep" under variable loads.
The clew knot is used to tie ropes of the same diameter,
bramshkotovy - for ropes of both the same and different diameters. Control nodes are required.
On the left side of figure "d" the authors mixed up the root and running end of the rope.

Knot "grapevine"
Reliable and beautiful. It tightens up a lot under load. It is used for tying ropes of the same and different diameters, fishing lines.

Anchor knots

Knot "boa constrictor"
It tightens quickly and strongly (with heavy loads - "tightly"), does not "creep".
To facilitate untying, a loop is knitted with a long free end (d).

Double knot "boa constrictor"
It tightens even more.

Fishing bayonet (a), simple bayonet with a hose (b), bayonet with a fence (c)
A bayonet with a fence, unlike the "simple bayonet" knot (which does not have a second turn of the rope around the support), does not slide along the object around which it is tied under pendulum loads.

loops

Conductor (I - loop, II - one end)
It is knitted both at the end of the rope and in the middle. Pos load is strongly tightened, "creeps", especially on a rigid rope, a control knot is needed. It is not recommended to use under heavy loads - it greatly reduces the strength of the rope.

Eight (I - loop, II - one end)
Under load, it doesn’t tighten much, it doesn’t “creep”, the strength of the rope reduces less than the conductor.
Notes Analyst: 1) In this sketch, the lower right figure does not match the upper left. 2) After tying the "eight" with a loop, the knot pattern turns out to be somewhat incorrect and requires adjustment. It is problematic to explain which one, in words, you will knit - guess for yourself.

Nine
It has the highest strength (70-74%) compared to all other nodes of the "conductor" series - it reduces the strength of the rope even less than the "eight".

Bowline (arbor knot)
It was known to the Egyptians and Phoenicians for 3000 BC. e.
Under load, it doesn’t tighten much, it “creeps” under variable loads, a control unit is needed.
A bowline, especially a loose one, is sensitive to which end the main load is applied to. If you pull on one end, the knot is strongly (sometimes even too much) tightened. If you pull after another, this load contributes to the self-untying of the knot.
By the way, the description of the bowline is accompanied by a pattern of the Cossack knot.

double bowline
Allows you to make loops of both the same and different lengths.
To make the drawing of the knot correct, it is necessary to pull out the loop "A" completely in the opposite direction from the loops "B" (1), then tighten the knot (2). It is used in mountaineering for knitting gazebos (each loop for one leg), in marine practice, the knot is used to insure a person: they sit in one loop, and the other covers the body under the armpits.

Eskimo loop (a-c)
Allows you to quickly adjust the size of the loop in the knot, convenient for knitting braces. Under load, it does not tighten, it does not "creep".
Fishing loop (g)
Does not "creep", under load it drags on a lot.

Austrian conductor, he is also a return conductor, he is also a riding loop,
he is colloquially "butterfly" or "bee"
Allows you to make a reliable loop anywhere in the rope, weakening its strength less than the "guide" and "eight". Can be used to knit a rope ladder (see also stirrup).

Knot "bunny ears"
Forms a double loop, which increases its tensile strength. Doesn't crawl. It tightens up a lot under load.

Cossack knot (a-c). Kalmyk knot (g).
Reliable knots, do not "creep", do not tighten much under load, do not require a control knot.
To facilitate untying, you can use the option with a loop (d).
The figure on the right shows an alternative variant of tying the Cossack knot, and for some reason the picture accompanies the description of the bowline.
For the convenience of memorization and comparison, the drawings of the primary sources were deployed around different axes.

Auxiliary nodes

Marking node
Allows you to keep the rope in a compact state with the help of a mark (mark - a few turns with the end of the rope around the folded rings). Indispensable for rope transportation.

rope chain
Allows you to temporarily shorten the rope by 3-3.5 times. If necessary, the rope straightens in a matter of seconds.

Special Knots

Grasping nodes: a) Prusik (Prusik) b) Marchard (Marchard) c) Bachman (Bachman) d) semi-grasping

The Marshall knot holds much better than the others, including with unfavorable ratios of the diameters of the main rope (marked with hatching) and the cord, does not allow slipping even without being tightly tightened before loading.

Stirrup
The loops of the knot are used as a support for the legs when climbing a fixed rope (crawling out of cracks, etc.).
It is identical to the tie knot, which is tied in a different way, and is not shown here, since it is less effective than the boa knot. Shown upside down for ease of knitting.

Knots for tying fishing hooks

Sources: http://spelestology.km.ua/news/uzly/2010-03-16-58 and http://www.phototerritory.ru/index/uzly/0-159

If you need more images of nodes for consideration - study, look in the attachment to this article Igor Balabanov's book - some materials can be found on the forum of our site in the "Sturmalp" section

There is also a great video on the topic. practical application knots: it will be especially useful to analyze knots with which you can replace specific climbing iron, which you may not have with you: zhumar, eight, a set of blocks for a chain hoist ...

 

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