How to make a bakery business in a village. Mini bakery as a business from personal experience. What documents are needed for registration

The key to the success of any small business is the presence of constant demand and repeatability of sales. These requirements are fully consistent with the production of various bakery products: citizens buy such products every day and eat with great pleasure. Moreover, many are not limited only to bread, adding muffins, pies and other sweets to the shopping list, so opening a bakery is a relevant business in Russia today. The main thing is to draw up a competent business plan and organize the business correctly.

Today is a guest of the magazine Reconomica Anna Yezhova from Kazan decided to tell how she opened her mini-bakery and why, in the end, she sold her already profitable business.

My name is Anna Vladimirovna Yezhova, I live in Kazan. By the time the idea came to launch my own bakery, I already had a business related to the stationery and bringing stable income... I just graduated from the university, I was 22 years old, and I had a lot of free time to implement my ideas.

The business was launched in 2012, when there was practically no market for hot baked goods in Kazan, straight from the oven to take away. I spied on the idea in Nizhny Novgorod, where by this time such kiosks were located literally at every step.

Initially, I planned a kiosk, as in Nizhny Novgorod, but there were no suitable places, and even then there was a policy - to remove existing kiosks, and not give permission for the construction of new ones.

Premises for rent

Precisely because of the difficulties with renting, the idea of a kiosk selling pastries grew into the creation of a mini-bakery with pastries.

The premise was rented by me right in the center of the city, with an area of 40 sq. m. I took such modest areas for lack of budgets for something more, on the first line, in the center. The room was not very good, walk-through, with two entrances and high rent, but for lack of anything better I took it.

At its core, my mini-bakery did not need large areas, since baked goods came to me twice a month from the Nizhny Novgorod plant in frozen form. As required, the blanks were defrosted and baked in a special convection oven.

Business plan

I was very tough on the business plan, because I had very modest budgets accumulated from the income of another business.

Initially, I decided that I would do the decor of the room myself, and I would take everything that could be taken free of charge from suppliers for free. I also took all the equipment and furniture for my bakery from my hands, while mercilessly bargaining.

My mini-bakery didn't need large areas.

My expenses for opening a bakery

The rent is 40,000 rubles.
Advertising - 0 rubles. If you cooperate with Coca-Cola and put up a refrigerator with their products, they will advertise completely free of charge, only there will be a picture of their soda and it says "Together tastes better." I had a huge banner and a light box from them. All iron structures, installation they made themselves, at their own expense.
Initial purchase of puff pastry blanks - 40,000 rubles. Lots of different types, boxes, the price of the preparation was from 8 to 15 rubles, not cheap, but the pastries were very tasty.
Two freezers for workpieces. I took them from my hands for 4,000 rubles, in total: 8,000.
A confectionery refrigerated display case was also bought from hands for 7,000 rubles. Confectionery was brought to me from the local bakery.
I also took the bar counter for 4,000 rubles.
Work surface and various shelves. This had to be done to order, it cost 12,000 rubles.
The coffee machine was rented free of charge from Nescafe. In order for them to give their machine for free, they had to take different types of coffee for the machine. The purchase cost 10,000 rubles. Previously, they only rented powder coffee machines, but now I see at gas stations, they also install grain.
Tables and chairs were brought from Ikea, it cost 20,000 rubles.
Room decor elements - 5,000 rubles.
The mixer for whipping cocktails cost 2,000, and the purchase of toppings - 1,000 rubles.
I bought a new convection oven for baking for 20,000 rubles.

In total, the opening costs amounted to 169,000 rubles. At that time, it was all my money cleaned up, I was in a hurry with the opening, because there was nothing corny to refuel the car with. All income from another business was invested in this one.

In my opinion, I opened my own mini-bakery on a very budgetary basis.

How much did i make

On the first day, the proceeds were more than 5,000 rubles. I worked myself, without sleep or rest, behind the counter in a chef's hat, seven days a week.

In the future, the revenue remained at the level of 5,000-7,000 rubles, and it was not possible to raise it in any way. It would be possible to introduce beer and snacks, but I categorically did not want to do this, the focus of my mini-bakery was strictly family.

After four months of work in splendid isolation, I took over a woman, a retired technologist, and life became more fun.

After four months of work in splendid isolation, I took on a woman to replace myself.

Her salary of 30,000 rubles was easily affordable for me, but on the other hand, I began to enjoy life again.

My monthly income and expenses for 3 years

Total income - 200,000 per month.
Salary + taxes - 40,000 rubles per month.
Rent + electricity - 44,000 rubles.
Payment for expendable materials, including workpieces, water, coffee, disposable tableware- 70,000 rubles.
Taxes - 7,000 rubles.

I had about 40,000-50,000 thousand clean, I could have earned them anyway, without having such a serious physical and mental load.

Realizing this, after a year and a half of the cafe's operation, I began to introduce my own baked goods, the preparations for which were made by my shift manager. The prime cost per position dropped to 3-4 rubles, and this increased my net profit.

Arising difficulties and problems

Constant breakdown of any equipment. After all, I bought everything from hands, used. To save money on repairs, I found a grandfather with golden hands who repaired everything quickly, at any time of the day and for little money. Still, it is better to buy refrigerators new, because once my refrigerators stopped working, and the blanks for 30,000 rubles were gone.
SES. When registering, I was registered as an individual entrepreneur, but later I opened an LLC. For LLC there are a lot of various certificates and approvals, but for individual entrepreneurs there are practically none. By the way, according to the documents, my bakery was listed as a buffet.
Problems with the HOA. The chairman of the HOA in the house where my bakery was located was constantly trying to snatch something from me. It was necessary to pay for the fact that her janitor sweeps near the porch, then give money to paint over the graffiti, which my clients allegedly did. I endured for a long time and quarreled. From that moment on, complaints began to come regularly to all authorities, but I did not receive a single real fine.

Before renting a room for such a business, you need to personally speak with management company at home or the chairman of the HOA to avoid becoming a sponsor.

Trouble with suppliers. This is an eternal headache, then cakes with an expiration date will be brought, then the blanks stuck together on the way to me, and you need to prove your case everywhere, without this there is nothing.
Unscrupulous employees. A beautiful woman who worked for me was more than once caught taking the products home, there were also small shortages, but she had a difficult fate, and I felt humanly sorry for her, so I put up with these little things. In general, it suited me, and I was ready to forgive shortages and losses (about 2,000-3,000 per month), just not to change anything.

I have not come across any kind of lawlessness, no one has ever come to me and said that I will have to pay someone there simply as it was, for example, in the 90s.

After a year and a half of work, I began to introduce my own baked goods.

Business sale

In 2016, she came to our city large network bakeries, and in order to settle on an already established base, they bought already existing bakeries with a solid traffic.

By that time, I was already very tired of the business, which brought a lot of hassle, but, in my opinion, not enough money, but nevertheless it would be a pity to close it myself, because it was still profitable. I realized that this was my chance, and set myself a goal - to sell my bakery as expensive as possible.

I didn't have a solid traffic, but I talked with the owner of the bakery, which this large chain had already bought, and knew in detail what they were checking, how and when.

The main criteria were customer flow and a large average check.

I contacted the development manager of this bakery chain and gave him a show of my business. What was happening these days in my bakery can simply be called a circus. Acquaintances, friends, relatives created the average check and traffic I needed, and thanks to this, I was still able to sell my business for good money.

At the very last moment, I almost changed my mind, because, on the whole, the business was not bad, but it was at this time that both refrigerating chests suddenly broke down, and the large sum of blanks turned into jelly. This undermined my morale, and the deal went through.

If the bakery had not been registered as an LLC, and it would have remained an individual entrepreneur, then I would not have been able to sell it.

Therefore, if someone decides to build a business, it is still better to register an LLC so that it can be sold, in which case. In addition, the individual entrepreneur is responsible for its obligations with all of its property, and the LLC, within the framework of its authorized capital, I have authorized capital was 10,000 rubles.

Conclusion

When I sold my bakery, it became so easy for me to breathe that I decided to completely quit the business.

In 2016, a large chain of bakeries came to our city.

Unfortunately, I simply closed my second business by selling wholesale leftovers, because exactly how ready business, I could not sell it. I sold my car and put everything cash in a bunch, I bought myself a new good foreign car, and I drive it to this day.

On the site of my bakery, a network bakery was opened and, having worked for less than a year, vacated the premises. The huge rent and poor walk-through premises were to blame.

I am very happy that I got rid of this business in this way, because I would not have raised my hand to close it.

Now I am working on a large industrial enterprise and I remember my business as a good life experience. I consider my main mistake to be the wrong choice of premises with a huge, for such a nasty premises, rent.

Approximate data:

The monthly income is 600,000 rubles.
Net profit - 70 550 rubles.
Initial costs - 1,000,800 rubles.
Payback - from 1 year and 3 months.

This business plan, like all others in the section, contains calculations of average prices, which may differ in your case. Therefore, we recommend that you make calculations for your business individually.

In this article, we will compose detailed business plan mini-bakeries with calculations.

Description of the service

The organization is engaged in the production of bakery products. The assortment will include: bread, bagels, bagels, dryers, muffins, muffins and buns with cottage cheese. Please note that the bakery will not be engaged in direct sales finished products... The sales representative will be responsible for the wholesale distribution of products.

Market analysis

Bakery products are an everyday commodity. In any economic situation, people will need to eat. In addition, bread has been an integral attribute of any table since the days of Russia.

When opening your own mini-bakery, you need to decide what stages will be included in production. There are several options:

Full cycle enterprise. The organization will be engaged in the production of bakery products from start to finish. That is, the dough will be made in the mini-bakery itself. This option is suitable for those who are ready to invest serious money now in order to get big profits at the exit.
An enterprise based on the production of bakery products from semi-finished products. In this case, the production is exclusively engaged in baking products from ready-made dough. This option requires less investment than the first. But the profitability will also be much lower.
Open a bakery for a franchise. This option makes it possible to obtain a ready-made certified production technology. The profitability will be slightly less than in the first option if the production volumes are the same.

We will consider the first option, as it gives more prospects to the entrepreneur.

Today the main production of bakery products falls on factories and large bakeries (61%). Private bakeries account for almost a quarter of the market (21%). The share of 13% is accounted for by supermarkets, which independently produce baked goods for sale.

The main competitors of our mini-bakery will be:

Large bakeries. Their main advantage will be mass production, and, consequently, a large number of products. The demand for their product is quite high.
Various hyper and supermarkets, as well as other stores that are engaged in self-production of baked goods. Each of them has a small production volume. They satisfy the demand of their customers, but they cannot provide large volumes. Often their products are bought under the influence of momentary demand (spontaneous purchases).

The main advantages of the products of both types of competitors will be that they respond quickly to market changes. They are also capable of increasing the assortment and volumes in a short time. Another plus is that such organizations are used for the production of bakery products with high-quality raw materials.

It is worth noting that the main disadvantage is that both competitors use supplements that do appearance products are better. But because of this, the price of bread also rises.

At first, it will be quite difficult to find stores ready to purchase products in our mini-bakery. The main competitive advantages will be:

provision of fresh products;
the quality of bakery products;
acceptable cost.

Potential buyers will be small shops and stalls.

After the main consumers are found, the entrepreneur may think about opening his own bakery, which will serve as additional income.

SWOT analysis

When opening your own mini-bakery, you need to carefully analyze all the factors. They are usually divided into external - independent of the entrepreneur - and internal - which can be influenced.

TO external factors it is customary to attribute:

Possibilities:

Free access to the necessary resources.
Little activity of competitors (their work is not aimed at fighting).
Use of new technologies and developments.
The possibility of increasing the variety of products.
Increased demand for the product.
An increase in the standard of living and, as a consequence, the level of income of citizens.
No number of new competitors (due to the fact that there are barriers to freely enter the market).

Threats:

Changing consumer preferences.
A sharp increase in competition among existing manufacturers.
Alternative products may appear.
Increased requirements for manufactured products.
High sensitivity to new business conditions.

TO internal factors can be attributed:

Strengths:

The company employs only highly qualified personnel.
Only high quality products are produced.
Use of effective advertising.
Debugged technological process.
Using the most modern technologies production.
Working with reliable suppliers of products.
Using the most modern equipment.
Deep analysis of consumer preferences.

Weak sides:

Self-financing.
Undeveloped strategy.
Lack of product distribution channels.
Inexperience.

It is important, when creating a mini-bakery, to pay attention to the following issues:

Increase in the range of products. At the same time, it is important to take into account consumer preferences, to make your products focused on a certain circle of wholesale buyers.
Development of our own production technology. It is important to come up with original recipes and use only natural products during manufacture.
Development of a dealer network, the possibility of opening your own points of sale. If there are no funds to open stores, you can think about cooperation with a chain of stores, which also appeared on the market not so long ago.
Try to provide yourself with individual orders in advance.

Opportunity assessment

Our mini-bakery will be open seven days a week. The work schedule for different categories of workers will be different.

So, bakers will work in two shifts according to the schedule 2 through 2. Their working hours: from 23:00 to 09:00.

The second category of workers will be a sales representative who will look for customers and deliver products. It will work daily from 7:00 to 15:00. You can do without a sales representative if the entrepreneur himself takes over these responsibilities.

There is no seasonality as such in this type of business. Demand may decrease in the hot season, but only slightly. The organization can find additional wholesale buyers at these moments.

During the opening, it will also be necessary to hire a professional technologist who will help set up production. As the assortment and workshop expand, its services may be needed again.

When choosing a room for a bakery, you need to decide on the required area. We have chosen a full-cycle enterprise, so we need a room with an area of at least 50 m 2. If you plan to bake from ready-made dough, then the workshop can fit into an area of 15-20 m 2.

It is very important, when choosing a room, to pay attention to the electrical network. It is better to coordinate this issue with the technologist. He will tell you how much power will be needed to operate the mini-bakery.

Organizational and legal aspects

Registration of your own company. It can be or. OKVED codes can be as follows:

15.81 Manufacture of bread and flour confectionery short storage;
15.82 - Manufacture of dry bakery products and flour confectionery products for long-term storage.

If you plan to sell your own products, then the following OKVED codes may also be needed:

52.24 — Retail bread, bakery and confectionery;
55.30. Activities of restaurants and cafes.

The entrepreneur can choose either UTII. In the second case, two options are possible - the USN "Income" 6% or the USN "Income minus expenses" 6-15% (the rate is determined depending on the region).
To work by bank transfer it is necessary.
Ask if your area has tax holidays... They are provided only for some types of IP activities. A mini bakery falls under a manufacturing activity. We remind you that tax holidays can be received by an entrepreneur who has not previously conducted his own business. There are other conditions for obtaining benefits (percentage of income, a certain system of taxation, and others). The duration of such tax holidays cannot last more than two years (1 or 2 tax periods). More detailed information can be found in Federal Law 477-FZ "On Amendments to Part Two of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation".
You need to understand that a mini-bakery produces products for the population. This area is strictly regulated by various regulations... Before starting activities, they will need to be studied and consistent with them.
It is necessary to strictly comply with the existing fire safety standards, sanitary rules.
Documents with requirements for product quality are subject to study.
Remember that all equipment must be certified in Russia.
Licensing the operation of a mini-bakery, as well as obtaining a FEZ permit for products and premises not necessary.
It will be necessary to conclude agreements with the relevant organizations for pest control, disinfection and deratization.
You will need a contract for the disposal of solid waste and laundry services.
The enterprise must approve a production control program with a plan dedicated to the sanitary measures taken and the control of production technology.
Logs should be kept for recording disinfectants and conducting general cleaning in the premises.
All workers must have medical records and undergo a timely medical examination.
Do not forget that all bakery products must have a declaration of conformity with the requirements of TR CU 021/2011. It is valid for 5 years. Certification authorities can help in obtaining the declaration as they provide consulting services.

Marketing plan

Pricing strategy:

The cost of production should not be overestimated. Better to stay at the mid-market price or slightly below. The latter strategy is advisable to use only if the company will not incur losses.

Marketing strategy:

There will be no advertising of our mini-bakery as such. The sales representative and the entrepreneur himself will be engaged in product promotion. Their main tools will be preliminary calls. potential clients, mailing commercial offers, delivery of booklets to shops with price lists, negotiations with potential customers.

Thus, we can say that the advertising costs will be reduced to the costs used for the production of booklets. The share of these costs in the total costs will be very small.

Another plus of the work will be that the bakery will work on pre-orders. That is, there will be no stale products and goods that need to be written off. Everything that is produced will be immediately sold.

Calculation of projected income

Production plan

When choosing a rented space, remember that it must meet certain requirements:

There must be a working ventilation system.
Place a bakery in a basement it is forbidden.
There must be a sewer drain, as well as cold and hot water.
The room should have a warehouse and a toilet.
Indoor ceilings need to be whitewashed and walls tiled.

Based on these requirements, as well as the norms of the SES and the Ministry of Emergency Situations, it is necessary to repair the premises.

You will need a set of equipment for a full cycle bakery. This will include ovens, cabinets, kneaders, baths, sheets, tables, racks, and so on.

Staffing table:

Organizational plan

Financial plan

Profit before tax: RUB 83,000.
Tax (15% according to the simplified tax system): 12,450 rubles.
Net profit: 70 550 rubles.
Profitability: (70,550 / 600,000) * 100% = 0.12%.
Payback: 1,000 800 / 70,550 = 14.2. Consequently, the project will pay off in a year and 3 months.

Risks

An entrepreneur should think in advance about possible risks and do everything to avoid them. They are usually divided into external and internal.

External risks cannot be controlled, but measures can be taken to avoid the consequences. These include:

Cost growth

This risk is especially relevant today. This is due to the constant growth of prices for raw materials and final products.

The growth in the cost of raw materials used will negatively affect the company's revenue - it will noticeably decrease.

It is possible to reduce losses by concluding long-term contracts with a fixed (not floating!) Price for raw materials. In order to have time to react to changes in value, it is necessary to constantly monitor prices.

If the situation has already happened, then you can compensate for your losses by setting a higher price for the product.

Growth in the number of competitors

The probability of this risk occurrence can be estimated as average.

In the event of the emergence of new competitors, some consumers may refuse the services of our production. This will reduce sales, and therefore revenue.

It is possible to avoid possible losses, it is necessary Special attention pay customer loyalty. It is worth thinking about the development of qualitatively different products, the use of the most advanced technologies.

Seasonal decrease in demand

The probability of this risk is medium.

A decrease in demand will affect the number of sales. It will decrease. At the same time, the bulk of costs will not decrease, which will inevitably lead to a sharp decrease in profits.

To prevent such a situation, you need to competently approach the search for customers, correctly distribute your production capacity, and develop an effective strategy for product promotion.

Changes to industry regulations

The likelihood of this risk is low.

It is almost impossible to avoid it in advance. It is only important to be ready to recycle existing technological maps production and revision of the range.

Internal risks can be controlled, some even eliminated altogether. These include:

Incompetence of personnel, their low qualifications

The likelihood of this risk is high.

As a result, sales can be significantly reduced. The enterprise may become unprofitable at all, while intensifying the action of some external risks.

To avoid such a situation, you must:

Study the resume in detail when applying for a job.
Hire people with experience.
Build a training system.
Improve the qualifications of employees (conduct personnel training related to the use of the latest equipment).

Technological risks

The likelihood of this risk occurring is low.

It is important that the technology used at the enterprise is efficient and the production process is adjusted. It is also important to check the condition of the equipment in a timely manner, to repair the slightest malfunctions (even those that do not affect production at the moment).

Important: Remember that you can independently draw up a business plan specifically for your business. To do this, read the articles:

Last request: We are all human and we can make mistakes, ignore something, etc. Do not judge harshly if this business plan or others in the section seemed incomplete to you. If you have experience in this or that activity, or if you saw a defect and can supplement the article, please let us know in the comments! Only in this way can we jointly make business plans more complete, detailed and relevant. Thank you for the attention!

Do you have a desire to open a mini-bakery, but do not know where to start? Then this article is for you!

There are many recommendations on the internet today. step by step organization bakery business. However, the overwhelming majority of them (in our opinion) absolutely do not correspond to the realities modern life... Therefore, in this article, the reader will not see the usual, standard instructions and parting words.

We will show you an effective, proven way to open a mini-bakery at home, which will bring real profit after a few months.

The first steps

Almost all "professionals" are advised to start their business with registration and search for premises for a bakery. Forget about it. At best, your bakery will pay off for at least six months, at worst, you will go broke.

Oddly enough it may sound, but you should start a bakery business with a search for points of sale of finished products. If you manage to find and “stake out” a place with good traffic, you have already done half of the job. Such outlets can be the following objects:

Passage place in the market. It is desirable that it is located near the exit.
Place (2x2 m) in grocery store... It is better that the grocery store is not large (pay less rent), but located in a walk-through area.
Point (s) at municipal institutions and in factories.

After you have agreed on a lease with the management of an enterprise or institution, you can start organizing a bakery production.

Where to begin?

"Draw up your business plan" - this is what is on the first lines today step by step instructions in recommendation articles on Internet sites. We recommend another way: learn how to bake the entire range of products at home.

And do not rush to buy equipment. For these purposes, a conventional oven is sufficient. Having learned how to quickly and correctly perform all the cooking procedures using household appliances, you will be able to control the entire production process when you purchase professional equipment.

The range of bakery products that you need to be able to make must include at least three types of products:

Common products: rolls, loaves, bread.
Sweets: cakes, pies with sweet filling.
Original products: pizza, pie and other products with meat (fish, mushroom) filling.

Later, in the process of selling the goods, it is necessary to decide how much to manufacture each of the products.

Manufacturing process

Organization production process a mini-bakery consists of three phases: preparation of premises, purchase and adjustment of equipment, search (or training) of personnel.

Room preparation

First of all, a suitable room is needed to open a bakery. The best way- this is private house or the first floor of a multi-storey building. To organize a mini-bakery at home, you need about 40 m2 of free space. If the kitchen area is not enough, then you will have to additionally equip the next room.

There are a number of requirements that must be observed when arranging industrial premises:

Waterproof floor. The walls are tiled or painted.
Hot and cold water supply.
Availability of ventilation and / or air conditioning systems.
Utility room for storing raw materials.
Equipped fire extinguishing system (fire extinguisher).

In this case, you must comply with all requirements of hygiene and sanitation. It is better to do this right away, since later (after registration) various checking authorities will visit you.

Equipping with equipment

First initial stage you do not need a complete set of baking equipment. The most expensive appliance required for the production of baked goods will be the oven. The best option is a two-section unit. Depending on the brand, model, its cost varies from 25 to 40 thousand rubles. You need a two-chamber oven, since you will need to bake several types of products at the same time.

Other necessary equipment is: tables for cutting and shaping dough, cabinets for storing ingredients (dough, fillers) and finished products. If you have several small spaces, then the oven and cabinet for storing baked goods are installed in the kitchen, and the rest of the inventory in another room. With the correct distribution of funds, the total cost of baking equipment, furniture and tools will cost 50-60 thousand rubles.

Staff

It is impossible to organize and develop a bakery business alone, even at the initial stage. At the very least, you need three assistants: a baker, a convenience store, and a salesperson. It is better to hire staff with experience in this field of activity. However, if there are none or the employee asks for an exorbitant salary, you can train your friends in baking at the initial stage.

Price policy

For successful trading it is necessary to correctly set the prices for the goods being sold. So, the cost of bakery products for general use (rolls, loaves) should not exceed that set in stores and supermarkets. Setting a higher price for other products (cakes, pizza, pies) will help to compensate for the low profit from sales.

Further development

Having established production and having received the first profit, you can start registering your business. In the Russian Federation, you will receive a certificate in three days. However, in the future, you will have to go through other mandatory instances.

It is not recommended to expand production earlier than six months later. During this time, the entrepreneur must accumulate (with proper business conduct) 300-400 thousand rubles. This money will be required to purchase additional professional equipment(150-200 thousand rubles), rent and equipping of production premises, arena of new retail outlets.

The main conditions for the further development of the mini-bakery remain the same: the search for points of sale - the expansion of production (equipment, personnel), an increase in the range - documenting all innovations.

Good luck to all aspiring entrepreneurs in organizing this challenging but interesting business!

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