How to open a grocery store from scratch: a business plan. How to open a grocery store from scratch: the most detailed business plan How to open your own grocery store

There are not many types of businesses that are not affected by the financial crisis and other material hardships. For example, grocery store - profitable business even in unstable times, when the market for service enterprises is narrowing, and some niches are completely curtailed until better times. Consider the steps you need to take to successfully open your grocery store.

Certainly, grocery store not the ideal type of business. It, like other formats, is subject to the same market laws of development, external and internal factors. And during the crisis, despite the stable demand for food, the purchasing power of the population still fell in this niche. Grocery store business owners were among the first to feel the decline in profits. Due to a shift in the consumer's focus of consumption. Simply put, the consumption basket has become cheaper and more modest.

But - good news from the site - demand for everyday goods and food will never be zero. Consumers change only the consumption pattern.

Given this rule, a food store can be made to break even. To do this, it is necessary to change and rebuild the assortment in a timely manner, look for new suppliers and manufacturers, consider cheap alternatives to expensive food products, introduce promotions and come up with other ways to increase customer loyalty.

The concept of opening a grocery business is quite simple. To open a grocery store, you need to collect a package of documents and permits, find and equip a suitable room, select and conclude agreements with suppliers, purchase special equipment for food storage and start advertising campaigns to attract buyers.

Choosing a location for a grocery store

The most optimal solution when choosing a room- find a ready-made, already equipped for food trading. It can even be considered the only correct solution, with some reservations.

This problem, of course, concerns only those who do not have their own premises. Owners, on the contrary, have an undeniable advantage in the form of premises and the ability to equip it the way they want. the site is not looking for easy ways, therefore, we will assume that the premises are supposed to be rented.

In the event that the premises are not ready for the opening of a grocery store, re-equipping the area for food trade in accordance with the norms established by law is a rather complicated process. He can "eat" a lot of money, nerves and time. Moreover, the time spent on registration and obtaining all the necessary permits will take the most. It is necessary to pay special attention to engineering communications. SES, the Ministry of Emergency Situations and other inspection bodies establish special requirements, depending on the area of \u200b\u200bthe premises for the store, for the fire extinguishing and fire alarm system, ventilation, lighting, and the serviceability of electrical wiring. Naturally, this will not happen in an unprepared room. And you have to do everything yourself.

If you manage to find a ready-made premises, it is imperative to check the availability and correctness of permits for the premises in accordance with all necessary standards. If there is no such documentation, or the owner of the premises offers to resolve this issue "later", then, without a doubt, the tenant will have to decide everything, at best, on their own. At worst, the further functioning of the grocery store will become simply impossible.

Of course, the reader of the site will say, a ready-made room for a grocery store will cost a pretty penny, but you still have to redo it to fit your needs. And he will be right. Moreover, it is very difficult to find a good ready-made premises for a specific purpose. Everything that will be offered on the market, one way or another, has problems, such as the need for cosmetic repairs, or, even worse, major repairs. Therefore, the search for a ready-made premises is the only right decision, with these very reservations that it will be very difficult to find a suitable one. Almost impossible.

The optimal solution to this dilemma is to find a room for the possibility of converting it into a grocery store. This means the following: the possibility of arranging the necessary engineering communications, the possibility of repairing any complexity, the possibility of arranging a separate exit. And, most importantly in this decision, the possibility of obtaining the necessary permits. All this, one way or another, will have to be done independently. Good landlords, as a rule, in this case go to meet the tenant - they give rental holidays for the required period, or they can take part of the costs for themselves, they also assist in obtaining permits - they provide the necessary certificates, extracts and other "bureaucracy".

Do not forget about store location is the basis for the success of any retailer. Placement in a passing place is a great luck and the best advertisement for profitable business.

If you plan to rent the premises, then the following simple tips will be very helpful.

A long-term lease is more profitable than a short-term lease; a long-term lease is more likely to give a discount.
The conditions for the renewal of the contract should be transparent and should not provide the landlord with a unilateral right to increase the cost of rent. Such an increase should be additional agreement with prior notice to the tenant. It is better to review all the terms of the contract together with a lawyer experienced in real estate transactions.
The terms of early termination must be included in the contract without fail. Despite the low risks of business loss, anything can happen and, for example, a large area will not be able to reach self-sufficiency. Conditions must suit the tenant.

Documents required to open a grocery store

The current rules for the use of checkout equipment assume that the new grocery store uses an online checkout (KKT-online). That is, a terminal that transmits information via the Internet. It is not difficult to purchase such a CCP, there are many companies specializing in the installation and maintenance of cash equipment and other accounting systems for goods turnover. They will take care of all the paperwork for this equipment. Owner retail outlet for the sale of food, it remains only to arrange the store itself. Of course, this design can also be delegated to third-party specialists for a separate cost, or save money and do everything yourself. Moreover, according to the site, not everything is as complicated as it seems at first glance:

. Takes 5 to 25 days. It is carried out at the tax office at the place of registration, or at the place where the store is opened. If the owner already has his own LLC, which allows you to open a grocery store, then it is enough to get a certificate of no debts from the Federal Tax Service (FTS).
With a ready-made lease agreement (or proof of ownership, if the owner of the premises himself opens his own small grocery business) must be obtained from the SES and the State Fire Supervision Authority (or other similar municipal services and departments) the conclusion that the store premises complies with all standards. In SES it is also necessary to issue a sanitary passport for the premises.
FROM local authority management (HOA, housing office) or a private company, you need to conclude an agreement on the removal of household waste.
If you plan to sell strong alcohol, then you need to obtain a separate license for the sale of alcoholic beverages.
It is also necessary to prepare a list of the full range of goods for the opening outlet.

To obtain a permit to trade in food, the collected package of documents must be submitted to the local government consumer market. In a month, if all the documents are in order and pass the test, a trade permit will be issued.

After the permission is received, it is necessary to register cash register equipment and attestation of workplaces. Also, without fail, it is necessary to organize a consumer corner, where:

emergency phone numbers;
a book for complaints and suggestions, of the established form;
a copy of the current law "On the Protection of Consumer Rights";
copies of licenses for all products subject to licensing;
a copy of the trade license.

Grocery store equipment

For a grocery store, equipment is divided into two types - commercial equipment and, as noted above, cash registers. Installation of equipment is one of the most expensive items of expenses for opening a store. It's all about its high cost. Especially for new technology. And this item of expenditure cannot be avoided.

Because the organization of space inside the grocery store is regulated by the norms and laws of the state. Installing obviously unsuitable equipment can result in fines and sanctions, the total cost of which exceeds the cost of suitable equipment.

Shop equipment. The equipment is selected based on the needs of the owner and the capabilities of the outlet. The display of goods implies the presence of various racks and showcases suitable for placing suitable goods. The most expensive purchase refrigeration equipment. The way to save, in this case, is to rent or installment equipment. Many commercial equipment companies have such offers. Also, suppliers and food manufacturers can provide their own (branded) equipment for the entire period of the supply contract. Renting and branded equipment is a great way out for those grocery store owners who are on a budget.

Cash register equipment. Since 2018, the use of cash registers is mandatory for all UTII and PSN payers. The grocery store must be equipped with a cash register, a reader for plastic payment cards, scales and a label scanner. According to federal law N 54-FZ "On the use of cash registers in the implementation of cash settlements and (or) settlements using payment cards" The owner of the CCP is not required to conclude an agreement for Maintenance cash register equipment. However, all the problems that arise in the operation of this equipment will have to be solved independently or to involve outside specialists. The same law allows you to register CCP yourself, without involving specialists and overpayment.

To register a CCP on your own, you must:

Equip the cash register with a fiscal drive;
Conclude an agreement with any fiscal data operator (OFD);
Submit an application for registration of your cash register with the Federal Tax Service (this can be done using the Internet, through the official website of the Federal Tax Service, for this you need to obtain an electronic signature);
After consideration of the application for registration, if successful, a unique registration number will be assigned, which must be entered in the CCP.

Recruitment of sales staff for a grocery store

A prerequisite for store employees is the presence of a valid sanitary book. In case of violation - the absence of sanitary books - the business owner faces a large fine. Also, in the state it is desirable to have movers, goods handlers and cleaners. If the store is small, the display of goods and cleaning of the premises can be occupied by sellers for an additional fee.

Suppliers of goods and work of a grocery store

The choice of suppliers is the secret to the success of any grocery store. Suppliers can be wholesale companies and manufacturers of goods. To select suppliers, you can use the services of a logistics specialist, he will help you select and organize the assortment of a grocery store for any format. If you plan to do everything yourself, then for this you need:

To study the demand of buyers and offers of the nearest competitors;
Based on the data obtained, create a product matrix - a list of goods that are planned to be sold;
Based on the list, select suitable suppliers that will help form a competitive advantage.

Competitive advantages lie not only in selling prices, but also in the availability of goods or even some of its exclusivity. Even an expensive product makes a profit if it high demand exceeding the offers of neighboring competitors. Sometimes a low wholesale price is not the reason for serious savings, the benefit is facilitated by more convenient logistics of goods from the supplier, which can also cost a pretty penny.

The very same loyalty of customers - the preference of the audience of visitors to visit a particular grocery store - is formed not so much by promotions and a range of goods, but by the quality of products and the service provided. It is these two components that form the general trend of the store development and its further work.

Therefore, by finding the optimal combination of all factors, even a small grocery store can be profitable. And vice versa - a large trading network - barely reaches self-sufficiency .. It reacts vividly to changes in demand, the financial health of the population and other external and internal factors. An experienced store owner must and must take into account these circumstances.

"Newbies" in this business, as well as everyone else, can try to open a business selling products under any federal franchise. This will allow you to study all the processes from the inside, learn how to sell products, go through all the stages from choosing a premises to opening a retail outlet. In addition, the federal network of franchised grocery stores has an undeniable advantage - a sign and a well-known name that is well known to consumers. Which also plays on the loyalty of the audience. The downside, without a doubt, in this case is the lack of several degrees of freedom of behavior and choice in business. An experienced entrepreneur may not like this. On the other hand, this will save the “newbie” from imprudent steps and serious mistakes.

Opening your own grocery store, with the right approach, is a great way to establish a profitable and stable business. Own business!

What IP documents are needed to open a grocery store, and how much money will be invested in such a business. It is impossible to refuse to buy food, so there is always a demand for them. For a store with a small turnover, a form of ownership in the form of an individual entrepreneur is sufficient.

If the future owner of a profitable business has never been associated with entrepreneurship and this is his first grocery store, then you can contact special law firms who assist in the registration of individual entrepreneurs and will help to pass the registration according to the law of the Russian Federation. Nevertheless, this procedure is quite easy, so you can try to register yourself.

How to open a grocery store? To register as an individual entrepreneur and start your own business, you need to contact the tax office at the place of residence or one of the multifunctional centers in the region. By the way, soon only the latter will deal with the registration of enterprises, the bodies of the Federal Tax Service will be released from this function, but the address for transferring taxes will not change.

Selling alcohol with registering a store as an individual entrepreneur will not work, you need to re-register as an LLC. For the full legality of the sale of such products, it will also be necessary to obtain an appropriate license.

Before visiting for registration, you must select the codes by OKVED classifier and print a receipt from the website of the Federal Tax Service for paying the state. duties. It is worth being careful, because depending on the place of registration - at the MFC or tax office - the receipts will differ. The amount of the state fee for registering an individual entrepreneur today is 800 rubles, not including the bank commission.

So, a complete package of documents for registering an IP should contain:

copies of all significant pages of the passport along with the original;
a copy and original of the tax registration certificate (TIN);
original receipt of paid state. duty;
IP registration application.

How can an individual entrepreneur open a grocery store? The application for registration of an individual entrepreneur contains a list of OKVED codes that characterize the specifics of the entrepreneur's activities. So, the tax office understands exactly what a businessman does. To open a grocery store, an individual entrepreneur must indicate code 52.2 in the first column. "Retail sale of food products, including beverages, and tobacco products in specialized stores". This code will be the main one for the enterprise.

Study the code classifier in advance, depending on what assortment of goods is planned to be created, it is necessary to select the appropriate codes.

So, separate codes are indicated for trade in fresh meat, canned food, fish, crayfish. Even if the entrepreneur is going to sell only vegetables and fruits or bakery products, OKVED also has special codes for this type of activity.

It is worth noting that an unlimited number of codes can be indicated in the application for registration of an individual entrepreneur, so you need to mark everything that you are going to trade now and in the long term.

To obtain a record sheet from the USRIP about IP, notary services will be required. Depending on the region, it can cost from 1000 to 3000 rubles. If an individual entrepreneur wants to make a wet seal, then it can cost from 300 to 3000 rubles. Having a wet seal, as well as a current account, is optional, but has many advantages. For example, without a current account, an individual entrepreneur will not be able to install payment terminals at points of sale, and Russians are already used to paying with a bank card everywhere.

In addition, you need to purchase cash register, get permission to use it and install it. At the place of installation of such a device, its technical passport, cashier's journal and registration card should be stored. Such a card can be obtained from the local tax office within 5 working days after the submission of the application of the owner, the passport of the device and the technical support agreement.

When filling out an application for registration of an individual entrepreneur, you can specify several codes for types of activity, but only the code from the first line will be considered the main one, which will be indicated in the registration certificate.

The cost of a particular project will depend on the location of the store, the product range and the store itself. For example, a shopping area in the form of an island in mall will be much more expensive than a store in a residential building in a residential area. This is due to the permeability of people in a particular place. So, in a shopping center, an entrepreneur needs to pay more for 1 sq. m., because the traffic, especially on weekends, is very high.

However, estimates for a new grocery store will include the following costs:

It is better to calculate expenses for the year ahead, because it will not be possible to reach the break-even point in the first month of the store's operation. In general, about 2 million rubles will be required for the first month, and about 15 million rubles will have to be invested in a year. Significant expenses are required in the first month, as equipment is purchased, the trading floor is repaired and permits are obtained.

Such items of expenditure as equipment and permits will be the most expensive.

When choosing a room, it is worth, first of all, to focus on human traffic in a particular place. The more people pass at the location of the grocery store, the faster you can recoup the costs. However, you should not rush to rent an area for a future store near large chain super- and hypermarkets, you will not be able to compete with them because of the volume and variety of the assortment.

An interesting option for placing a grocery store are modular pavilions or simply kiosks. The cost of such an outlet, together with the movement, installation and conduct of the necessary communications, will be about 700 thousand rubles. for an area of about 30 sq. m., increasing the area of such a point to 80 sq. m., you will need to pay about 1.2 million rubles.

Even when choosing a premises, an entrepreneur needs to think about future prospects, if over time it is decided to sell tobacco products and alcohol, then the store cannot be closer than 100 meters from children's educational institutions, that is, kindergartens and schools.

The main document that regulates the work of grocery stores is " Special rules for the organization of grocery stores "or abbreviated as SP 2.3.6.1066-01.

In this document, you can find information about the following important points of work:

how to organize the order of reception and storage of food;
what are the requirements for engineering systems (water supply, ventilation, etc.);
what are the basic requirements for the hygiene of store employees;
what requirements the premises and equipment must meet.

Naturally, one should not forget about the design of the room, which plays an important role in the mood of the buyer. At the location of the counters and commercial equipment it is necessary to think over so that everything is convenient, both for buyers and store employees.

It is imperative to organize a buyer's corner, that is, a place that is located in the hall and contains:

Book of reviews and suggestions.
A copy of the Consumer Protection Act.
A copy of the IP registration certificate.
Other permits and licenses.

In addition to the above list of documentation, such a stand should contain information on servicing disabled people and veterans of the Second World War, as well as telephone numbers of regulatory authorities and the Central Internal Affairs Directorate, Civil Defense, FSB, and Emergency Situations.

The store must have concluded agreements with specialized garbage disposal companies and a certificate of entry into commercial register cities. All documents regulating the activities of an individual entrepreneur must be stored in the store, and at any check they must be presented upon request.

It is impossible to say unequivocally what should contain the assortment of a grocery store. In a residential area, bread and dairy products, eggs, butter and sunflower oil, semi-finished products, as well as soft drinks and, possibly, draft beer.

A store in the city center should target a different category of customers. Here it is worth focusing the consumer's attention on snacks such as chips and crackers, sweet products that can be bought on the run before going to visit. These can be boxed sweets, chocolates, various cookies and bars. In summer, you can increase your revenue with a wide range of ice creams and chilled drinks.

Only experience will allow you to adjust the width and depth of the assortment; already in the first month of sales, the sellers themselves will know what is in demand, and what goods are not interested in buyers. Nevertheless, no matter how the assortment changes, the main rule should be observed: each product must have a quality certificate.

When purchasing the initial assortment of the store, the entrepreneur will face the fact that each supplier offers different conditions for cooperation. Moreover, it is not always possible to limit the assortment to the products of one or two suppliers. Pay attention to the official representatives of the manufacturer, so it will be possible to receive goods directly from the factory, bypassing intermediaries.

Also, preference should be given to wholesale companies that offer a wide range of products, so you can save on bulk purchases and even get some discounts and deferred payments.

For a store with an approximate area of 50 square meters. m. will require a minimum of 0.5 million rubles. investments in the purchase of commercial equipment.

This price includes the purchase of:

refrigerators and freezers;
showcases, racks and special shelves for placing goods;
weight equipment;
containers for storage of liquid and bulk products;
cash register;
fire and security alarm systems.

Such equipment may be new, then warranty cards will be available, and the store owner will not have problems with breakdowns. Buying used refrigerators, racks and other equipment will help save almost half of the money. Stands and showcases can be updated, repaired and painted in-house, and refrigeration equipment can be found in good condition no older than 2-3 years.

Keep track of which stores in the region are closing, look for such news on the Internet - it may be possible to buy out most of the commercial equipment from a bankrupt enterprise.

At the first stage, two saleswomen who will work in shifts are enough to open a grocery store. They can also be assigned the function of laying out goods and cleaning the retail space. In addition, a loader will be required to ensure the unloading of products from suppliers' vehicles to the store's warehouse.

The attendance of the store also depends on the friendliness of the staff. The buyer is more likely to go an extra block for one loaf of bread, just not to listen to the rudeness of the saleswoman. Business owners should pay attention to this, and take it into account in organizational planning. It may be worthwhile to conduct periodic trainings to train how to work with customers or introduce a reward system for maintaining service standards. Such standards should also include the normative speed of service for one client and phrases of greeting and gratitude.

Each employee is required to have a health book and regularly undergo a medical examination, in case of non-compliance with these requirements, the entrepreneur faces a fine.

If individual entrepreneur If you have never dealt with accounting, it is better to hire a specialist so as not to get into trouble with reporting. It is better to find an experienced accountant who has worked with retail.

Grocery Store Taxation

When registering an individual entrepreneur, a general taxation system is automatically established. According to experts, in real market conditions, it is not profitable for an individual entrepreneur to work on such taxation. That is why, even before registering an individual entrepreneur and tax registration, it is necessary to decide on the choice of a taxation system. An application for the transition to the simplified tax system or UTII can be written immediately on the spot at the tax office and submitted along with the entire package of documents for registering an individual entrepreneur. If you miss this moment, then change common system available at the beginning of the next calendar year.

Which tax regime to choose: USN or UTII? Such a taxation regime as the USN has a turnover limit of 60 million rubles per year, it is obvious that a small grocery store will easily comply with this norm. It is convenient to use this mode in wholesale trade. Depending on the size of the markup in the store, you can choose the STS "Income" with a rate of 6% - if the markup is large, or the STS "Income minus expenses" with a rate of 15%, when the markup is not more than 40% of the purchase price of goods.

You will not be able to use UTII if the grocery store:

Engaged in the wholesale of goods.
It has a trading area of over 150 sq.m.
Located in Moscow (UTII is prohibited here for this type of activity).
It has over 100 employees according to the average indicator for the previous year.

In any other conditions, an entrepreneur can voluntarily switch to UTII, and the tax rate is set from 7.5 to 15%.

There is no shortage of retail grocery outlets today. In any city, regardless of size, there is a serious struggle for the consumer. At the same time, the crisis buyer is no longer a cake. Is it a good idea for a small business to open a grocery store during a crisis? Will a single retailer be able to resist the networkers?

The situation in retail, including grocery, is not rosy: the crisis affected all, federal and regional chains, stand-alone stores, and markets. To successfully start in this area, you need to take into account a lot: the direction of retail development in a crisis, changing customer behavior, niche prospects, new legislation... Let's try to figure out how to open a grocery store from scratch in 2016 so as not to burn out.

Product Market - 2016

Situation and trends

Retail is storming. According to the Ministry of Economic Development report “On the results of the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation in 2015”, the retail trade turnover in January-December 2015 amounted to 27,575.7 billion rubles, i.e. 90% of the previous year. The fall was recorded in all federal districts, the saddest situation is in Sevastopol (-23.0%), Samara region (-19.1%), Karachay-Cherkess Republic (-18.1%), Chelyabinsk region(-17.3%). MED analysts consider the retail figures to be the worst since 1970.

Food products in 2015 ranked in the structure retail trade 48.6%. Conclusion - food retail is experiencing the same difficulties as other segments of the industry. In some regions, grocery retail "got" even more. Thus, in Bashkortostan, food retail fell by 14.6% over the year, the industry as a whole - by 12%.

* - with excerpts, only indicators affecting the retail market are presented

Source: MED report 2015

The product market is forced to change, while there are trends:

points of the "Hard discounter" format are multiplying;
large networks are actively experimenting with formats, occupying traditional niches of small businesses: the U Doma store, the Family store, etc.;
more and more specialized stores are in demand: meat and fish shops, eco-products, etc.;
optimization of retailers' costs leads to an increase in the local assortment;
retailers are introducing online trading as one of the sales channels.

Middle class crisis: the evolution of the buyer

Following the situation in the country, the buyer himself, his moods and behavior in stores are also changing. Yes, there are consumer groups that have not been affected by the crisis. However, the grocery trade stands on another whale - the mass segment, represented by the middle class (and it suffered significantly during this crisis).

In 2015, not only did consumer demand fall, but the dynamics and structure of consumption changed. “Middle peasants” began to visit grocery stores less often, but buy more, choosing goods carefully. Consumer trend - we buy more necessary and cheaper. Another trend is an increase in the promotional activity of buyers: the majority are ready to move around the city in search of bargains.

However, cheapness is not the main criterion for Russians when choosing products. According to a survey by the Romir research holding, more than half of the population appreciates the freshness and quality of food, and people are willing to pay more for this. Over the past three years, a group of “food patriots” has emerged who prefer domestic products. There are fewer and fewer people willing to pay for brand fame.

Networks vs Singles: Do Offline Stores Have a Chance?

Creation large networks beyond the power of small businesses: at best, "kids" manage to promote several geographically close shops, usually in the format "At Home" or a minimarket. Autonomous establishments with wine and vodka departments are in a worse situation today, the costs of which have increased following the change in the rules of the alcohol trade: they have to buy jobs in the EGAIS system.

Networkers and singles are in different weight categories. During a protracted crisis, it is easier for federal and large regional networks to survive. They have reserves, a better developed logistics system, more favorable terms of supply. Large retailers can afford attractive promotions and low prices, i.e. invest in "price marketing". In addition, many networks have been developing all possible formats for a long time, ousting small businesses from their traditional territories. As a result, large retailers “kill” offline stores, luring customers low prices, close location, rich assortment, more comfortable shopping conditions.

Small businesses have little chance of competing with networkers. But they are. Retail giants have a weak point: they are inert in terms of assortment, they are in no hurry to change large suppliers and push low-quality unclaimed goods off the shelves. At the same time, more and more consumers of the mass segment prefer fresh and organic products, value freshness and quality. Small businesses can take advantage of this.

SMEs in food retail: components of success

In the current realities, a combination of factors brings success to a startup:

geographical proximity to the buyer and simultaneous remoteness from network points;
high-quality and demanded assortment;
perfect service, "face to customer" service.

As for the range, this is the cornerstone of success. Depending on the location of the store and its competitor neighbors, you can choose a wide assortment with the presence of fresh and takeaway categories, as well as specialization in one product group. Sometimes combination works well: a wide selection of products with a focus on a particular category. For example, “only we have farm dairy products” (meat or poultry from farms, organic vegetables, “healthy pastries”, etc.).

Despite the crisis and fierce competition with chains, small shops with a bakery, culinary, coffee shop, etc. are also promising. The main thing is the convenience and relevance of the concept.

The question “I want to open a grocery store, where to start” can be answered with advice:

first evaluate the viability and relevance of the business idea, analyze how it covers the needs of customers;
think about whether you can provide quality service and an original assortment, how;
choose the appropriate format for the concept.

If everything fits together, then go ahead.

Choosing a Grocery Store Format

Trade establishments selling food products, according to GOST R 51773-2009, differ in:

by form of ownership (private, municipal, unitary, etc.);
service format (full or partial self-service, through the counter, etc.);
method of organizing trade (network, branded, autonomous);
by specialization (universal, specialized, with a combined or mixed assortment);
by type (hyper-, super- or minimarket, grocery store, supermarket, Cash & Carry store, pavilion or store "Products", "Discounter", stores "Fish", "Vegetables and Fruits", etc.);
types shopping facilities(stationary and non-stationary);
according to the terms of sale (with trading floor or without).

Not all formats can be opened by small businesses. Among these, for example, are hypermarkets with an area of more than 4,000 sq. m and supermarkets (600 - 5,000 sq. m.), i.e. stores with a wide range of products and a large share non-food items(30-40%). Consider the modern formats available for SMEs.

1 "Convenient store"(convenience store), aka "Around the corner", "Next door" and "At home"

This format involves a low share of trade through the counter. Shop area - 50-400 sq. m. The assortment includes 1,500 - 3,000 positions, up to 60% of which are consumer goods, i.e. products of the weekly consumer basket. The share of non-food products - up to 15%.

There is an opinion that such points should offer both goods and services of average quality. However, following such a tradition in a crisis is a guaranteed failure. For U Doma stores, it is important to properly arrange equipment, ensure accurate display and high-quality service, and prevent delays in goods. The best location - sleeping areas and areas of new buildings.

“Udobnye” are now developing in the direction of increasing the range of food to go and the “fresh” category (fresh, not frozen products and products of own production). Here you can install coffee machines, equip service areas for selling tickets, paying for services, issuing Internet orders, and arranging eating areas. An entrepreneur who has chosen this format, depending on the city, will compete with the network projects Kopeyka, Perekrestok Express, Dixy, Every Day, etc.

2 Shop healthy food (eco products)

Refers to specialized shops with a narrow range, but with great depth. It is possible to trade in one group of goods: dairy products, meat, honey. Trade area - 18-200 sq. m. The mark-up is usually higher than for analogues in non-specialized stores. The remaining parameters (location, obligatory traffic, share of trade through the counter) are not of decisive importance, but are determined only by the characteristics of the core product.

By the way, about the unique product. If the store also sells everyday products, then when laying out and placing the emphasis should be on core products: give central racks for them, put them at eye level, etc.

A few figures on the well-known network of farm dairy products "Izbenka" in Moscow. For trade in 70 items, 15-20 sq. m area. Opening one point requires 150,000 - 200,000 rubles. investments. The main problem of the business is to find several reliable suppliers in order to ensure the stability of the price and quality of products in retail outlets.

Eco-product stores are relevant in large cities, where the economically active population is not burdened by their own gardening and horticulture. IN settlements up to 100 thousand people, the prefix "eco" is perceived as pampering. People in these cities have a place to put money besides organic carrots.

3 Shop with a mini-bakery (cooking)

In fact, this is the format of "At Home" or "Traffic" stores located at traffic intersections, but with its own bakery production. The range may be limited to the actual pastries, and may include consumer goods. It is important to remember that in addition to administrative, warehouse and retail premises, production areas will be required (according to the law, they can not be placed everywhere).

How to choose a room, equipment and draw up all the documents for the bakery.

What is the advantage of the U Doma bakery? Bread, buns, pies are baked in small batches. You can quickly change the assortment, respond to customer requests, focus on "healthy bread" and interesting additives. This format of the store involves the sale of drinks, the organization of places for the use of pastries, the installation of a coffee machine.

How to open a grocery store

Brainstorm

The competition in retail is huge, competent business planning is half the success. Decide on the format and location of the store, find several suitable options for premises, start negotiations on the lease. Make a business plan, make several options: optimistic, realistic and pessimistic.

registration

It is better to register a grocery store in the form of an individual entrepreneur or LLC. Keep in mind that individual entrepreneurs cannot sell strong alcohol (only beer and beer drinks). Therefore, LLC is the choice of those who plan to organize a wine and vodka department at a retail outlet. Select OKVED codes intended for retail trade in food products, from groups 52.1 - 52.27.

Decide on the taxation system, for retail trade the following are optimal:

patent - only for individual entrepreneurs with a trading floor of no more than 50 sq. m;
UTII - for LLCs and individual entrepreneurs, if the area of \u200b\u200bthe trading floor of the pavilion / store is up to 150 sq. m;
USN "income minus expenses" - LLCs and individual entrepreneurs can apply without restrictions on retail space.

The first two systems are introduced in the regions by the laws of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, therefore they are not available throughout the entire territory of the Russian Federation. STS is applied throughout the country without restrictions.

Premises selection and renovation

When looking for premises for a store, you should focus on the area and location required for the selected format. In addition, grocery retail outlets must comply with the rules of the Ministry of Emergency Situations and SES, this must be taken into account.

For example, fish and vegetable shops cannot be placed in residential buildings, as well as attached / built-in premises. There are requirements for the organization of an additional exit for evacuation in case of fire, the inadmissibility of oncoming flows of customers and personnel, etc. All these points are easier to take into account at the stage of selecting a room, its redevelopment and repair.

Obtaining permits and approvals

Entrepreneurs today are legally protected from excessive control of supervisory authorities, are relieved of many approval and licensing procedures. A clear knowledge of one's rights and obligations comes in handy in the case of bureaucratic "excesses on the ground."

Law N294-FZ of December 26, 2008 "On the protection of the rights of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs in the exercise of state control (supervision) and municipal control". Let's go through key points.
Entrepreneurs in some activities must notify the supervisory authorities of the start of their work. Conclusions from the control authorities for starting activities (SES, Ministry of Emergency Situations, etc.) are licensing requirements established for specific types of business. If the activity does not involve obtaining a license, then conclusions are not needed. Scheduled and unscheduled inspections are strictly regulated, for the period 2016-2018. Supervisory holidays for small businesses have been established (Article 26.1.).
Decree No. 584 of July 16, 2009 "On the notification procedure for the start of certain types of entrepreneurial activity". The document lists the types of activities for which notifications must be submitted, and the procedure for submitting notifications is established.

From the above regulations it follows that the retail sale of products does not apply to licensed activities (except for the sale of alcohol), so the store owner:

after registration with the IFTS, but before starting activities, notifies Rospotrebnadzor (you need to send a standard form);
should not receive conclusions from the SES and the Ministry of Emergency Situations.

Retail sale of alcohol according to the law No. 171-FZ of 11/22/95 is possible only for legal entities and only on the basis of a license. The list of licensing requirements is impressive, from the size of the authorized capital to 1 million rubles. (established by regional authorities) until available technical means for the transfer of information to EGAIS. But conclusions from the SES and the Ministry of Emergency Situations are not required to obtain a license for alcohol retail. Individual entrepreneurs can only sell beer and beer drinks, but without a license.

Despite the fact that you do not need to obtain opinions for a grocery store, the outlet must comply with fire safety and sanitary standards.

At the time of opening, the store must be equipped with a fire alarm and fire extinguishers, have separate emergency exits, and meet other requirements. Familiarize yourself with the regulatory framework regarding fire safety and the requirements of the Ministry of Emergency Situations for retail facilities.

On the issue of SES requirements. You need to focus on SP 2.3.6.1066-01 "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for trade organizations and the turnover of food raw materials and food products in them." The main provisions of the document relate to the placement and arrangement of outlets, their water supply, ventilation and heating, the issues of receiving, storing and selling products, sanitary and hygienic rules for personnel, etc.

There are many rules and requirements, but the vast majority of them are based on common sense and are aimed at protecting the life and health of customers and store employees.

Formation of assortment, selection of suppliers

Find out exactly who your customer is:

people who purchase goods for immediate consumption (students, schoolchildren, young people who prefer ready-made food);
who buy food once a week in hypermarkets and come to the U Doma store for perishable goods (fruits, milk, bread);
shoppers who do all their shopping close to home and don't have a car or time for long shopping trips.

Form an assortment based on the proportion of which customers will prevail among buyers. Do not overload the shelves with goods, do not compete in the breadth of assortment with hypermarkets. Be flexible, analyze sales, survey buyers, replace poorly selling items. Find your unique product category.

The main thing when choosing suppliers is that you must get a product that satisfies the quality, price and range. Interact not only with wholesale depots and small wholesale organizations (read: intermediaries), go to direct suppliers, manufacturers. This way you can get a big margin and choose what is really needed for the concept of the store.

The choice of commercial equipment

A grocery store will need a universal trading technique: KKM, lighting, ventilation, air conditioning and heating systems, scales, terminals for card payments.

In addition, you need to choose equipment that depends on the range, size and layout of the room:

shelving for the trading floor and warehouse;
packaging equipment, refrigeration and freezing (showcases, chests, chambers).

The refrigeration system in a grocery store is the main consumer of electricity and a significant cost item. Therefore, when choosing, pay attention not only to ergonomics, functionality and price, but also energy efficiency.

Hiring staff. Advertising and promotion

At the final stage, it is necessary to hire employees: salespeople, administrators, accountants - everyone who is necessary for the effective functioning of the chosen concept. The main thing to remember is that sellers are persons in direct contact with buyers. Their task is an attentive and friendly attitude to the client, fast and high-quality service.

Many beginners and already experienced entrepreneurs have thought about how to open a grocery store from scratch. At first glance it seems that everything is obvious in this business. Bought goods and sell. But there are many nuances that you should know if you decide to open a grocery store. We will understand all the intricacies of this business together.

What you will learn about:

Product market 2018 - 2019: situation and trends

Over the past five years, Russians have begun to eat better, according to statistics. In a word, people began to spend more on products and choose them more carefully.

What is the situation today and what awaits us in 2019? The media have already written that another price increase is coming. When it will happen, and what foodstuffs will become more expensive - is still unknown.

Prices are rising for various reasons:

depreciation of the ruble. This affects, first of all, goods imported from abroad: tea, coffee, cocoa, chocolate, seafood, cheeses, alcohol, etc.;
negatively affected the Russian economy - the imposed sanctions;
increased spending on transportation across regions and the supply of products to stores;
increase in VAT, the 10% preferential taxation on products will remain, but the business as a whole will increase its costs.

According to experts, in 2019, the purchase of goods, the cost of which will increase, will increase. Paradox? Not at all. Consumers simply believe that in the future the price may rise even more, which means it is better to buy now.

And this means that by opening a grocery store (with a competent approach to this issue), there is a high probability that you will be able to develop your business. After all, there will always be a demand for products. And how to act in stages, we will tell further.

Pros and Cons of Opening a Grocery Store

First, let's look at all the advantages and disadvantages of a grocery business.

There are plenty of pluses and minuses. We are sure that when you open a grocery store, both of them will increase. Before moving on to decisive action, draw up a business plan for the future store.

For more information on how to write a grocery store business plan,

How to open a grocery store: step by step instructions

Step 1. How best to register a grocery store: individual entrepreneur or LLC

Consider how and what is necessary when registering an individual entrepreneur and LLC.

It should also be noted that the fines for LLCs are noticeably higher than for individual entrepreneurs. For example, for a violation of cash transactions, an individual entrepreneur will pay approximately 5,000 rubles, and an LLC - 80,000 rubles.

Now see which one is better and easier for you:

Only you can decide what is best for you as an individual entrepreneur or LLC. If you plan to open a small grocery store, the most convenient option would be an individual entrepreneur. Supermarket with growth prospects network business- OOO.

Step 2. What documents are needed to open a grocery store

In order to open a grocery store, you need to collect a fairly large package of documents. They can be requested by the supervisory authorities:

Step 3. Choosing the direction of trade and format

When you open a grocery store, a good choice of the direction and format of the future store is half the success.

It is necessary to understand what kind of customers it will be designed for, where it will be located (city, village) and, most importantly, what product you will offer the buyer. Therefore, do not rush to solve this issue. There are many decisive factors, here are a few key ones:

seasonality. Simply put, open a store at a time of the year that suits you. outlet. We decided to engage in the sale of fruits - start in the summer;
Competition. If there is already a similar one where you plan to open a grocery store, then, of course, you should not do it. Look for another place where you can become the main outlet.

If we talk about profitability, then the supermarket is considered the best form. They are convenient for customers, because they always have a large selection of products, you can see the composition and expiration date of the purchase on the spot.

Decided to sell a certain product? Best Format for such an idea - "counter-seller". In such cases, buyers can consult with the seller and make their choice. With quality customer service, customer loyalty will be quite high.

How to open a farm products store: step by step instructions

Today, healthy food is quite fashionable, which means that farm, natural products will be in demand, and such points of sale will be very profitable. According to statistics, income from environmentally friendly goods can exceed 500 thousand rubles. per month.

To open a shop farm products, you also need to build a package permits from fire, veterinary and sanitary inspections. Choose the type of activity - sole proprietorship or LLC.

Decide on the type of farm:

Animal husbandry (large cattle, pigs, birds, etc.);
Plant growing (growing potatoes, wheat, etc.).

whether it is necessary to purchase the premises or whether it will be necessary to rent it;
new or used equipment will be purchased;
contracts with farms concluded for the purchase of their products or for sale.

In total, the amount varies from about 500 to 700 thousand rubles.

If you do not have your own farm, decide on suppliers (for example, enter into an agreement with local manufacturers). Be sure to ask for certificates confirming the quality of products. And you don't need to buy a large batch of goods in the first place. First you need to decide what is in demand.

When you open a grocery store, location plays a big role. A farm food store should not be located near the markets, otherwise the flow of customers will undoubtedly go there. Do not inflate prices so as not to scare away a potential buyer. 30% - is considered the optimal margin.

Opening a grocery store is not that difficult. But the sale of farm products is still more relevant for those who are already engaged in agriculture and ready to sell your product.

Farm Products Store: A Story of Successful Entrepreneurs

Step 4. Choose a place and a room for a grocery store

To choose the right place to open a grocery store, you need to follow simple rules. They will allow you not to “bite your elbows” in the future, complaining about a hasty decision.

If you have already decided on the area where you will open a grocery store, pay attention to whether the roads are good, whether it is convenient for the buyer to get to you, whether there is parking, etc.;
Will your store sign be visible? Are there any developments planned nearby that can close the visibility of the outlet;
Find out what assortment is in demand among residents (arrange a raid on nearby stores);
Conduct a competitive analysis. Which of the stores is able to pull the target audience.

Where not to open a grocery store:

Where there is a large supermarket nearby;
Where there is a food market nearby.

Let's talk about a grocery store. Basically, the area is from 20 m2. The main thing is that all communications, electrical networks (for the operation of refrigeration equipment, etc.) are carried out. Also check that it is convenient to drive up to the room as trucks as well as buyers.

You can open a grocery store in the acquired premises or in a rented one. For an entrepreneur selling everyday goods, renting is much cheaper. After all, if at this point the business is unprofitable, then you can easily move. If the premises are bought, you will have to spend a lot of time selling it.

The question, of course, is the price. You can buy a room for a grocery store from 500,000 rubles, rent - from 40-50 thousand rubles a month.

Step 5. How much does it cost to open a grocery store

Let's calculate how much (approximate amount) it will take to open a grocery store.

Estimate forsmall grocery store

Do not be afraid of the amount, because the average check in such a store is 200-300 rubles. Monthly income within 500 thousand rubles. Profitability - 30%. Payback in about a year and a half.

Try the product accounting program for a grocery store from Biznes.Ru. Maintain full inventory control, set a negative sales ban, analyze revenue, calculate product profitability, predict sales, and remotely control the operation of a retail outlet.

Step 6. Installing equipment in the grocery store

What equipment do you need when opening a grocery store:

Shelves, showcases, counters;
Refrigerators;
Cash register, scales;
Baskets for goods;
Luggage storage.

Consider how you will arrange the equipment on the trading floor. One of the main requirements is to be functional and convenient for customers. Too large equipment will become a hindrance. Customers must have enough space to move around the store.

How to get the most out of your store

You can increase sales with the help of loyalty systems, they allow you to motivate the buyer to come back again, as well as attraction tools in the form of creating sales or promotions for certain groups of goods, analytics that will allow you to see profit, profitability, revenue and other indicators that will help you see the picture of current sales and will influence the growth of these indicators.

For more information on how to increase sales with the help of the correct layout of the trading floor,

Step 7. Decide on the assortment of the grocery store

Before you decide on the range of products in your store, you need to carefully study this issue. The Internet will also come to the rescue. According to surveys of Russians, the most popular items in their grocery basket are:

When forming the assortment of a grocery store, it is important:

Understand who your the target audience. Consider social, personal, financial characteristics, area of residence, etc.
Analyze commercial offers suppliers, choose the one that suits you best.
Analyze the dynamics of sales of each product, the percentage of revenue, exclude rarely sold products;

It is also important to remember when opening a grocery store that you need to sell goods to different categories of customers: sausage for people with low incomes and a quality product for the middle class.

You can keep a full-fledged warehouse accounting, analyze profits and predict sales by connecting the Business.Ru inventory system.

Step 8. We conclude contracts with suppliers

When you have opened a grocery store, you need to select a supplier. It can be wholesale companies or manufacturers of goods. There are several ways to find a supplier:

look in the markets, you can immediately see what product the company offers, and discuss all the nuances;
visit exhibitions. At the stands you can learn more about the product and agree on cooperation.
the Internet. Quite a few companies have their own websites and offer their services on the World Wide Web.

Important! When selecting a supplier via the Internet, look through 10-20 pages of search results. Often, suppliers do not pay due attention to the promotion of corporate sites on the Internet, but the conditions can be favorable.

When you decide on the supplier and proceed to the conclusion of the contract, it is necessary to discuss the following points:

Supplier capabilities. Will he be able to meet your requirements and deliver the quantity of goods you need within the agreed time frame.
Product quality. First, ask the supplier for samples of goods, make sure of their quality, and only after that make large purchases.
Terms of payment. Negotiate all the nuances of payment so that the final version suits both parties.
Guarantees. Consider product returns, time to process claims, etc.
Prices. Many suppliers offer discounts for bulk purchases, check this information.

Step 9. Hiring staff

When you open a grocery store from scratch, you need to carefully consider what the staff will be like. This factor depends on the scale of the outlet.

You will need:

director;
Chief Accountant;
sellers-cashiers;
cleaning woman;
loader.

You should not save money on staff qualifications and select people with experience. They know how to properly arrange the goods, they know how to communicate with customers, they do not get confused in a stressful situation and they understand the assortment of the store.

Read more about how to attract the most effective employees,

As payment, it is better to choose a piecework option. Simply put, when a person receives a fixed payment per day in a store and a percentage of the sale. The employee must serve customers, help with suppliers, etc.

Approximate calculation wages(per month) store employees

Step 10. How to advertise a grocery store

One of the most effective and free ways to advertise a grocery store is word of mouth. If your store pleases customers with a diverse assortment, affordable prices, promotions, then buyers will advise your outlet to friends and family.

Learn more about how to get everyone talking about you with word of mouth.

production of a sign - from 50,000 rubles (banner extensions, banner panels, light boxes);
facade design - from 80,000 rubles (signboard, shop window, light panel, running line);
placement of information about price promotions in elevators of nearby houses - from 10,000 rubles;
holding price promotions - from 30,000 rubles (designing banners, leaflets, brochures during promotions for seasonal goods, goods of the day, etc.).

Despite all the expenses, a grocery store can bring in good profits. If you are ready to work hard and develop your outlet on a daily basis, then our advice will certainly come in handy. And then it all depends on your perseverance, professionalism and, of course, luck.

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