Equipment for the production of sand and polymer products. Production of polymer-sand tiles: equipment and manufacturing. Facility requirements and rental costs

So all of us favorite activity in childhood - the molding of cakes from wet sand and even the construction of whole cities from it - turns out to be quite in demand in adult life. Buildings, of course, cannot be built from this material, but it is quite possible to produce a whole range of the most diverse products from a polymer sand mixture.

To obtain the desired composite, all you need is to mix the sand with the polymer and add the appropriate color pigment to this solution. And then from this mixture create: roofing, construction, decoration and other improvement elements. These include tiles, sewer hatches, paving and facing tiles, paving stones, curbs, trays, gutters and many other products of the most different forms and flowers.

What to work on?

To organize this business does not require complex and cumbersome equipment. Basic kit polymer sand equipment includes 3 machines: radial crusher, melting and heating unit (extruder) and molding press. Additionally, of course, you will need molds, as well as auxiliary installations: screw and belt conveyors, systems for feeding and dosing the mixture, oil stations and, finally, aging tables finished products.

We will not talk about secondary equipment, since this is a universal equipment and there should be no problems with its choice. But the main machines are worth paying attention to.

First of all, we think about purchasing shredder plastic... It is best to take a radial crusher. This will allow you to save a lot on raw materials, since the cost of the finished polymer is much higher than crushed used waste. And the shredder can recycle absolutely everything: cans, bottles, cans, films, etc. You just need to find a supplier of this waste (you won't collect it yourself).

Further we select an extruder... The task of the smelter is to heat up and mix all the components into a single mass to the consistency of a tight dough. The productivity of these machines can reach 1000 kg / h, so you need to take the device in accordance with your needs.

Well, the last car in the production chain - molding press... In our case, it should be with an effort of at least 100 tons and with a variable size of the desktop. The latter factor is necessary for the placement of various molds (curbs, tiles, etc.). By the way, it is better not to save on their cost. The fact is that only high-quality molds made of heat-hardened alloy steels can last a long time and withstand up to 5 million moldings.

Despite the ease of operation of polymer sand equipment, it is better to entrust its commissioning to professionals. The suppliers of this equipment will not only set up production, make technical connections to other equipment of the workshop and conduct a trial production of products, but also tell your staff about all the intricacies of working on these machines.

Machine overview

Let's start right away with the good news. mass produced in Russia. Therefore, there is a choice, as they say, and prices are quite reasonable. A complex of installations can be purchased literally in every region of the country, which, of course, significantly reduces the cost of transporting machines to the place of their future operation.

If we talk about the leaders, the most popular among customers are the POLIMERSTROY 18 machines. The production company from Izhevsk offers not only a wide range of high-quality installations of its own design, but also equipment from proven suppliers from the Middle Kingdom. For example, their product line includes 2 universal crushing units for polymer raw materials of Russian and Chinese production. 300-watt machines are designed for grinding hard, soft and film plastics up to 5-8 mm fraction.

Also POLIMERSTROY 18 offers an extruder of its own design, which, due to a variety of modifications, can be combined with various types of related equipment. The productivity of the melting and heating machine is 600 kg / h. Depending on the tasks, you can also select presses from the D24 series with an effort of 100 to 400 tons. Digital control units of foreign production are used as the program-controlling body of the press. With their help, it is possible to manufacture, say, up to 50 sewer hatches or about 140 sq. M. paving slabs per day. Well, in general, Izhevsk molds made of alloyed design steels (40X and 45X) make it possible to produce about two dozen types of various products.

Another leading manufacturer of polymer sand equipment is located in the city of Zlatoust Chelyabinsk region... The MONOLITH enterprise has established itself throughout the country from the Baltic States to Of the Far East... Here you can purchase a set of machines for organizing a full-fledged production. First, a radial shredder for plastics up to 8 mm thick and with a capacity of 100 kg / h. Secondly, an economical in energy consumption extruder of its own brand "Mastek", producing 500-600 kg polymer sand mixture at one o'clock. Thirdly, a semi-automatic molding press with a force of 100 tons. As well as additional equipment: a unit for drying and sifting sand, a forced mixer, an agglomerator for processing plastic films into granules, etc.

We will also tell you about one more domestic manufacturer, whose installations are worth paying attention to. This is POLYMER TECHNOLOGY from the city of Orsk, Orenburg region. According to the specialists of this enterprise, the guarantee for polymer-sand products made on their equipment is at least 50 years! And the resource of each mold, if used correctly, is 5 years! The minimum set of installations includes 3 units: a polymer crusher, a thermo-screw mixing machine and a forming unit with a vertical hydraulic press... Chopper productivity - 700 kg / h; extruder - 250-370 kg / h. And another competitive advantage of this manufacturer is the cost of equipment. The basic kit (and in fact - a whole mini-plant) will cost only 772 thousand rubles.

Polymer sand tiles are considered an analogue of natural ones, however, this material can be called qualitatively new, with advantageous characteristics compared to other market proposals. This covering material is 2 times lighter than natural material, and wins significantly in cost. With it, you can make the roof more noise and heat insulating than using metal tiles. The absence of corrosion is one of the important advantages. The roof is more durable than bitumen. And during the installation process, there is no need to carefully prepare the surface.

Features overview

Polymer sandy tiles are resistant to ultraviolet light and temperature extremes, as evidenced by laboratory tests. Operation of the material is possible at temperatures ranging from -65 to +100 ° C. The tile retains its appearance for many years of operation, because it takes about 100 years for the complete decomposition of the polymer film.

Thermoplastic composite material has an insignificant moisture absorption coefficient, therefore it is protected from the emergence and further development of moss, mold and mildew. In addition, the roof surface will be resistant to acid rain. Polymer sandy tiles have low thermal conductivity, which allows maintaining the temperature regime under the roof. Under such a roof it will be cool on hot days and warm in winter. That is why this covering material is often used in the construction of terraces and attics. As a result, it is possible to form a reliable barrier for condensate.

Additional properties

The roof structure is reliably protected from destruction, which is especially important for wood elements. Shingles are excellent at blocking out noise. No sound absorbing layer is required during installation. The roof will be silent in any bad weather. Another important advantage is impact resistance, which makes installation economical. During transportation, the material does not break, as well as during installation. It meets all the standards and requirements of sanitary, epidemiological, fire and radiation safety.

The main advantages

Polymer sandy tile has many advantages. During the production process, it is coated with a substance that is resistant to ultraviolet radiation. This indicates that even over time, the color remains pristine and the surface does not fade. The material perfectly copes with the harsh continental climate, it is frost-resistant and is able to withstand about 200 freeze-thaw cycles.

Compared to metal roofs, the latter have a drum effect. The shingles do not corrode, they are resistant to chemicals. It is water-repellent and prevents blooming of the roof. The material is dielectric, so the roof does not need lightning protection. The canvases are easy to install, for this the master does not need to have special skills. Even if you have to work with roofs of complex shapes, the waste will be minimal. A roof made of polymer sand tiles can be operated at a point load ranging from 150 to 360 kg.

Negative reviews

In order for your idea of the described material to be complete, it is necessary to note its shortcomings. Among them, consumers note that over time, the roof erodes, which suggests that its thickness may decrease under the influence of negative factors.

But many consumers do not consider this disadvantage so serious, because the process is sluggish, in addition, the initial thickness of the material is quite impressive. Although the quality of the material itself, in the opinion of consumers, does not deteriorate under the influence of temperature deformations, but the tool joints can be depressurized, which results in a leakage of the coating.

What else should be considered

Choosing the described tile, many consumers emphasize that the buyer can run into a fake. Some manufacturers use low-quality raw materials in the manufacturing process, which affects the final product. Although editing is not so difficult, neglect can lead to the opposite effect. In this case, the roof will be damaged. Therefore, many consumers believe that it is better to involve specialists in laying the material. However, this will entail additional costs, which also cannot be called an advantage.

Installation features

Roof tiles with back side equipped with a ledge that is fixed to the lathing. The elements are fastened to each other with side locks, which allows you to get a solid carpet. For additional fixation, a pore of technological holes is provided on each element. It is necessary to start the installation of polymer shingles from below.

The elements are not very rigidly attached to the crate, it is important to ensure the presence of backlash, otherwise the material will not be able to move when exposed to temperature. If everything is done correctly, the roof will take up loads from wind, snow, temperature changes and precipitation quite freely.

Rust streaks should not appear on the front side after fixing. To do this, use galvanized nails or anodized self-tapping screws as fasteners. The former are preferable, because they allow you to speed up the installation process, in addition, they provide non-rigid fastening.

The front and ridge tiles should be fixed with anodized self-tapping screws. Some shingles will be attached to the valley gutter, this applies to ridge elements. They are additionally fastened mechanically using anti-wind or stainless ridge clamps.

Roof tile production line

The line for the production of polymer sand tiles is a heating device that mixes and heats the ingredients, including:

polymer;
sand;
pigment.

As a result, it is possible to obtain a uniform consistency in the form of a tight dough. The productivity of such equipment can reach 1000 kg per hour. The mixture is preliminarily prepared and heated, and then it is fed into the heated chamber through the receiving hopper. The material is pushed inward by the screw, which rotates and provides mixing of the mixture. It moves inward and undergoes three heating zones.

Polymer shingles, the reviews of which were presented above and should help you make right choice, in the first stage of heating, it is dried, where residual moisture is removed. The second zone involves the plasticization of polymers. This allows a homogeneous composite mass to be obtained. Last zone- this is the maintenance of the temperature of the mass, which is required for molding.

The finished mass moves to the outlet port, which is located in the front flange of the body. For production, molding presses can be used, which provide a force of 100 tons. The resulting mass is put into a mold, while the mixture is subjected to pressure and simultaneous cooling, which increases productivity. The production of polymer sand tiles at the final stage involves the extraction of products with the lower pusher. After the tiles are stacked on pallets and cured, this is what distinguishes them from cement products.

In the process of manufacturing the described material, a radial crusher may be needed, which prepares polymers by crushing them to a homogeneous fraction. Raw materials help to save on polymer, because the cost of waste is an order of magnitude lower than the cost of finished raw materials. The production of polymer sand tiles can involve the use of the following polymers:

shredded film;

In the second case, we are talking about low-density polyethylene, in the third - about high-pressure polyethylene. The use of recycled polymers not only saves on the purchase of raw materials, but also solves the problem of waste disposal.

Conclusion

If you decide to purchase the material described in the article, then you should be interested in the manufacturers of polymer sand tiles. One of them is the Bistot company, which provides a complete set of roofs. You can also buy tiles from the manufacturer "Polisand", which is located in the Moscow region. An additional advantage of this company is the opportunity to purchase from it the remnants of roofing material at reduced prices.

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Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

Kazan State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering

Department of Economics and Entrepreneurship in Construction

Course work

on the topic of " Business plan for the production of polymer sand tiles "

Kazan 2016

1.1 Characteristics of the enterprise

1.2 Product characteristics

2.1 Determination of demand

2.2 Selecting the target segment

2.3 Competitor Analysis

3.Production plan

4. Organizational plan

4.1 Business Schedule

4.2 Organizational structure

4.3 Staffing table

5 marketing plan

5.1 Pricing methods

5.2 Distribution channels

6.Risk plan

6.1 Methods for accounting for project risks

6.2 Determination of the discount rate

6.3 Design sensitivity analysis

6.4 Measures to reduce risks

7.Financial plan

7.1 Sources of funding

7.2 Analysis of indicators financial efficiency the project

7.3 Analysis of the indicator of the commercial efficiency of the project

7.4 Analysis of the profit statement

7.5 Analysis of the balance sheet

7.6 Analysis of motion report Money

7.7 Break-even analysis

7.8 Social, budgetary, and environmental performance of the project

List of sources used

Business plan development goals:

1. Justification of the effectiveness of creating an enterprise for the production of polymer sand tiles;

2. Justification of the need to attract a bank loan;

3. Determination of project performance indicators;

The objectives of this investment project:

1. Opening of the enterprise "Kazan polymer-sand tile" and its introduction into the market;

2. Return of funds invested in the project;

3. Sales of manufactured products and making a profit in the future;

Business plan development tasks:

1. Describe the goals and profitability of the investment project;

2. Assess the enterprise's ability to implement the project;

4. Analyze the danger that the goals presented in the project may not be achieved;

5. Choose the optimal project financing scheme;

Brief description of the project:

This business plan proposes a project to create a limited liability company "Kazan polymer-sand tiles" for the production of polymer-sand tiles for the construction and repair of residential buildings, offices and industrial premises.

The main type of products is polymer-sand tiles with parameters: 400x310x50mm.

The offered products have the following main advantages:

* The material has high impact resistance. This property greatly affects the economy in the production and transportation of roof tiles. It is not a secret for anyone that when transporting almost all materials, a certain percentage of the goods must be written off "for battle". In this case, this does not happen.

* Water-repellent properties, there will be no mildew and mildew on the tiles. There will be no such problems with polymer tiles, since they have the property of sound absorption. Quartz river sand, which serves as a filler for the PCB, is "baked" during production. This factor, together with high-quality dyes, allows you to maintain the original color throughout the entire period of operation.

* The rafter system can be attributed to the indirect benefits of PPC. The rafters do not need to be additionally reinforced, since the standard rafter system is designed according to the principle of 300 kg per 1 m2. The weight of the same roofing material no more than 22 kg. Similar types of roofing polymer shingles there is an analogue and a competitor. A very similar product in shape and purpose, which has long won an honorable place in the sales market among roofing materials - a roof made of sand and cement.

* The production of cement-sand tiles does not require the purchase of a large amount of equipment and costs, which affects the cost. In a tile production plant, the concrete mix is pressed into the desired shape and then cut to the required dimensions.

* It is heat and moisture resistant, and its weight ranges from 40 to 47 kg per running meter.

* The material is strong and has a durability of up to 30 years.

The price of our products is competitive and well below the average price.

The planned volume of production is 14,400 sq. M. per month.

The project will be financed from its own and borrowed funds. Own funds will be invested in the amount of 10,000 rubles. Borrowed funds presented in the form of a loan (8,000,000 rubles) in VTB24 Bank at 19% per annum under the Business Start program.

Funds required for financing - 5,604,000 rubles.

Indicators of the commercial efficiency of the project:

· Project life - 15 sq.

Simple payback period of the project - 0.57 years

Discounted payback period - 0.60 years

· The net present value of the NPV project is equal to 12 669 000 rubles.

· Return on investment (PI) - 5.11 rubles.

In this way, this project is acceptable for implementation, has a sufficient margin of financial stability.

Indicators of financial performance of the project:

· Sales proceeds - 83,371,000 rubles.

· Cost - find in the viola and deliver 1,774,000 rubles.

· Net profit - 24,857,000 rubles.

The calculations of indicators that characterize the economic, commercial and budgetary efficiency of an investment project presented in this business plan indicate that the project is effective and attractive for financing.

shingles marketing financial risk

1. general characteristics enterprises

1.1 Industry profile

Market building materials today offers many options for arranging the roof. The range is so wide that you can spend a lot of time choosing the perfect roof. Since the roof is directly exposed to environment, it must be waterproof, moisture resistant, resistant to aggressive chemicals and sudden temperature changes. Should not be subject to warping, cracking and should not collapse.

In modern industry, various wastes are increasingly used, including PET bottles and films. This plastic waste that has flooded municipal landfills can be reused for the production of much-needed tiles and even curbs and facing stones. Such products are called polymer-sand, in contrast to traditional cement-sand.

Polymer sand tiles are a new generation roofing material. It looks like ceramic, but it is made of sand and ultra-high-filled thermo-layers by pressing. Such tiles are very durable (at least 50 years), resistant to water, acids, aggressive environment. Polymer base protects against decay, mildew and discoloration. In addition, it does not rust, does not attract electricity, and does not require a lightning rod.

1.2 Characteristics of the enterprise

1. Limited Liability Company "Kazanian Polymer-sand tile" - "Kazan polymer sand tile" - "KPPCH"

2. Date and place state registration: in the UFK of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation for the Republic of Tatarstan (IFTS of Russia for the Vakhitovsky district of Kazan) on January 1, 2016.

3. Legal address - LLC "Kazanskaya Polymer Sandy Tile" registered at the address: Alabastrovaya, 2a.

4. Organizational and legal form: Limited Liability Company.

5. Amount of the authorized capital: 10,000 rubles.

6. Information about the founders and management team:

Director of LLC "Kazan polymer sand tile" - Kafiatullina Munira Amirovna.

Date of birth 30.05.90, passport series 92 07 No. 300594, issued on 30.03.08, Department of Internal Affairs of the Soviet district of Kazan. The address. Russia, RT, Kazan, st. Gvardeyskaya, 59, apt. 94.

Education: KGASU, specialty - Production management.

Accountant "Kazan polymer sand tile": Sukhanova GA, Date of birth 16.11.78, passport series 92 05 No. 300893, issued by the Internal Affairs Directorate of the Kirovsky district of Kazan. Address: Russia, RT, Kazan, st. Uprising 30.

Education: Kazan Federal University, specialty - accounting and auditing, 15 years of experience in this field.

The founder is one person with experience in managing similar organizations. In the organization of a business project for the production and production of sand tile polymer all authorized capital owned by Kafiatullina M.A. in the amount of 100% - 10,000 rubles.

7.Main activity: OKVED code: 26.30 (Production of tiles for use in construction)

8.INN / PSRN: 1961196219/9219940510112

Basic bank details: RS No. 1237894561114161719245 at VTB Bank 24 under the Business Start program.

Bank details of JSC VTB 24:

RS No. 1237894561114161719245

Correspondent account: 12378945600000000305 Kazan

BIK 785147324

PPC 305194190

INN 7707085419

OKATO code 45319633577

The enterprise will be engaged in the production of polymer sand tiles.

The workers have work experience in this field of activity.

The brick production workshop and the office of this enterprise will be located on the street. Teachers' house 2a.

1.3 Product characteristics

Polymer shingles are modern look roof covering, which comes to the rescue of those who have to find a compromise between high quality and affordable price... Sand-polymer tiles combine the best qualities of natural material, but at the same time they cost much less. The service life of this coating can be envied: with a factory warranty of up to 20 years, the technical characteristics of the material allow the tiles to be used for about a hundred years, while not requiring major repairs.

Polymer shingles have the following characteristics:

1. Weight 1pc. - 2.2 kg.,

2. The weight of the ridge tile is 1.8 kg. (weight 1 m2 - 16.2 kg)

3. Size 1 piece. - 405 x 315

4. Quantity per 1 m2 - 9 pcs.

PPCs are made from polyethylene and propylene, which are thermoplastic polymers, with the addition of the necessary dyes. Calcined river sand acts as a filler.

How and from what are polymer-sand shingles made? In the manufacturing process, equipment for polymer tiles is used. There are a lot of polymers around us, and for recycling they need to be crushed. For this, a rotary polymer grinder or crusher is used. After the desired polymers have been processed by a crusher, they need to be melted into a homogeneous mass. This will help an extruder - an apparatus for melting polymers. The remelted mass must be mixed with a filler, which is used as sand, and to achieve a certain color of the starting material. At this stage, a thermo-screw machine, or APN, is used. It is she who mixes the molten polymers with sand and the necessary coloring pigment. At the exit, a heated mass is obtained, ready for formation. Special mention should be made of coloring pigments. The dyes added to the polymer mixture must be heat resistant and of high quality. They must also have light stabilizing properties. This will protect the roof from UV rays. If these requirements are met, the roof will have its original color for the entire period of operation. At the same time, equipment for the production of polymer sand tiles and its quality are of great importance. The viscous mass obtained as a result of processing must be given the required shape. The end result is achieved with a press. The mass is poured into the mold necessary for the desired type of product and brought to condition. It would be an oversight not to mention that a sand dryer is also included with the PCB equipment, which greatly facilitates the manufacturing process. The technology for the production of polymer sand tiles, relatively of its high quality, is quite cheap, and therefore this material is one of the leaders in the sales market.

Features of polymer sand tiles:

* PPCh is heat-resistant to temperatures from -700C to + 1500C.

* It has a high resistance to mechanical damage, which means that the material will remain intact in the event of a hurricane or hail.

* PPC roofing will not be affected by moss, acid rain and various bacteria.

* These roofs have a low probability of being struck by lightning and do not accumulate static charge, which significantly reduces the likelihood of fire in the building.

* Seasonal shrinkage of the building is inevitable, and this causes deformation of the roof. Temperature fluctuations in the atmosphere also cause deformation. The structure of the PPCh source material is such that these changes will not harm your roof, since each unit of the product is equipped with a temperature butt joint, and this allows the roof to "stretch". Thanks to these joints, the material is ventilated. This is a very important point, as the building gives off moisture.

2. Analysis of the market and main competitors

2.1 Determination of demand

Determination of demand - an assessment of the potential market capacity, i.e. the total value of goods that residents of a particular region can buy over a certain period of time.

The potential market capacity is the maximum possible sales volume when all potential consumers purchase a product based on the maximum possible level of consumption.

The real market capacity is the real (predicted) sales volume of the analyzed product. There are several methods for calculating the real market capacity.

In this business plan, we use the consumption rate method, which includes calculating the income elasticity of demand and calculating the price elasticity of demand.

Income elasticity of demand is the rate at which demand changes with income. The coefficient of the income elasticity of demand is calculated by the formula (Form. 1):

where is the coefficient of income elasticity of demand;

The quantity of goods required in the base year;

The amount of goods required in subsequent years;

Per capita income in the base year;

Per capita income in subsequent years.

To analyze the statistical data for the Republic of Tatarstan for 2014 (baseline) and 2015 (subsequent) year in relation to our industry, we received the following data:

where 570,000 pcs. - the amount of goods (in kind) consumed in the subsequent 2015 in the Republic of Tajikistan;

542000 pcs. - the amount of goods (in kind) consumed in the base year 2014 in the Republic of Tatarstan.

28787 RUB / month - per capita income in the base year 2014.

31465 RUB / month - per capita income in the subsequent 2015 in the Republic of Tajikistan.

Since> 0, then an increase in per capita income entails an increase in demand for our products.

Price elasticity of demand is the ratio of relative fluctuations in demand volumes to relative fluctuations in prices. The coefficient of the price elasticity of demand is calculated by the formula (Form. 2):

where is the coefficient of price elasticity of demand;

The demand for the product in the base year;

The demand for the product in subsequent years;

Base year price;

Price in subsequent years.

Having studied the statistical data of the Republic of Tatarstan for 2014 (baseline) and 2015 (subsequent) year in relation to our industry, we received the following data:

Consequently, the increase in price led to a slight decrease in demand.

320 RUB sq.m - the price of 1 roll of a square meter of polymer sand tiles in the Republic of Tatarstan;

385 r sq.m - the price of 1 square meter of polymer sand tiles in the next year in the Republic of Tatarstan.

2.2 Selecting the target segment

Segmentation is the process of dividing consumers into groups based on differences in needs, characteristics, behavior. A market segment is made up of consumers who respond in the same way to the same set of marketing drivers.

For the normal functioning of production, the following segmentation was carried out:

1. In terms of income, potential consumers of products can be:

A - buyers with low income;

B - buyers with an average income;

B - high-income buyers.

2. By the types of buildings in which potential consumers live, we will single out the following:

Г - owners of private houses;

D - residents of multi-storey residential complexes;

E - owners of administrative buildings.

We represent this division graphically in the form of a matrix and select the segment that we will focus on.

Table 1

Thus, our company will target middle and high-income buyers in different types buildings.

2.3 Competitor Analysis

At this stage of the analysis, we collect the necessary information on all possible competitors producing similar goods. As mentioned earlier, there are none in Kazan. However, there are companies that supply products from domestic and foreign manufacturers. The assortment of these products of domestic manufacturers should be taken into account. You should take into account the range of these products, as well as the pricing policy of these companies. The strongest competitors are:

· LLC "Stroitel AG"

· LLC "EuroStroyTech"

· LLC "BT"

· LLC "Ukrainian Polymer Sand Company"

1. LLC "Stroitel AG"

Stroitel AG LLC was founded in 2000 by a group of professionals who came to the company from various fields and have already accumulated significant work experience. Very quickly the company turned into a large-scale industrial and construction enterprise - at the moment LLC "Stroitel AG" has all the necessary resources to independently implement the entire range of construction works... In addition, the firm is a partner and dealer of several of the world's largest manufacturers of construction products. At the same time, the specialists of Stroitel AG LLC have the corresponding high qualifications in order to provide a full cycle of services - from consulting and design to work in the framework of complex turnkey projects. It is also worth noting that there is a system of cumulative discounts that is convenient and beneficial for customers, plus there are corresponding discounts for a large volume of purchases. In addition, the company offers a product reservation service in stock, which allows our customers to receive necessary materials and goods in convenient time... Moreover, the company's delivery service allows our customers to significantly save time and resources required to transport the ordered products.

In March 2005, Stroitel AG LLC acquired a new production base. It was deployed in Golitsino (Moscow region, Minsk highway), and its total area is 2 hectares. All the main divisions of the company are concentrated here at the moment, including the sales department, warehouse terminal, design and service and production divisions.

Among its main advantages, it is worth highlighting high strength, low weight, long service life, ease of installation, maintainability and many others. In addition, polymer sand tiles in their appearance do not differ from natural ones, but at the same time they have a much more favorable price.

To date, the factory has 2 melting and heating units for the production of polymer sand tiles, as well as 2 presses with a semi-automatic temperature control system.

The production capacity of each of the lines reaches 150241 sq.m of polymer sand tiles per year.

Today at this enterprise 2 types of polymer sand tiles are produced:

Roof tiles

Ridge tile

The Stroitel AG factory pays great attention to environmental protection issues. The enterprise has 2 regenerative units for cleaning exhaust gases manufactured by Sequa GmbH & Co. Germany.

All manufactured products comply with the sanitary requirements of the Russian Federation. In 2012, the products of the Stroitel AG factory successfully passed the necessary tests and received a Certificate of Conformity with the requirements of the Technical Regulations on fire safety requirements.

2. LLC "EuroStroyTech"

"European Building Technologies" - young and dynamic developing company, the main activity is the production and sale of polymer - sand products. For several years our company has established itself as a reliable supplier of quality materials that are in high demand among construction organizations and private buyers. Not stopping at what has been achieved, the team strives to constantly improve the quality of products, expand the range, and introduce new production technologies. The priority direction is the production of Strong tiles, Hardplast cladding panels, as well as drainage systems and borders made of polymer-sand composition. Thanks to the quality and excellent properties of this material, our products have earned high marks in operation. Since 2012, our company has mastered the production of slabs for cable closure in a trench (PZK), which is used to protect cable lines when they are installed in the ground. Our products are in demand throughout Russia. We invite you to cooperate with both construction and installation organizations and individuals. We are glad to see you in our store and office, where you can get acquainted and purchase all types of products we offer, as well as receive detailed advice on its use.

The company's management pays great attention to improving the qualifications of its employees. German programmers, managers, mechanics work together with Russian colleagues.

One of critical factors influencing the quality of the manufactured products is the qualitatively high level of the raw materials used.

3. LLC "BT"

The BT company has been a Perm manufacturer of paving slabs and tiles for 14 years.

This company is an exclusive manufacturer of polymer sand and concrete paving slabs and tiles in Perm, in terms of price-quality ratio.

BT LLC produces 3 types of products:

1. Polymer sandy paving slabs at low prices.

2. High quality polymer sand tiles from the manufacturer.

3. Fencing borders for beds and flower beds

The material has certificates of conformity, fire safety and an epidemiological conclusion.

BT LLC has a number of advantages that will attract experienced consumers:

· Guaranteed up to 50 years.

· The range of products is constantly growing.

· Color matching.

· Flexible system of discounts.

This enterprise is the only manufacturer of this type of product in the Perm Territory. LLC "BT" the company has been on the market for over 14 years, during this time more than 1,000,000 sq. M. Have been produced and covered. roofs.

The partners are such companies as:

· LLC "UralDomStroy" general developer of the cottage village "Gorki 2"

· LLC "Derzhava" general developer of townhouses and others, as well as more than 500 individuals.

· Hypermarket "Superstroy"

4. LLC "Ukrainian Polymer Sand Company"

Ukrainian Polymer Sand Company is a young company gradually conquering the market and promoting a new environmentally friendly and durable type of building materials.

This enterprise is focused on the development of such products in this segment as polymer sand tiles, polymer sand tiles, paving stones.

Ш Production:

The plant is equipped with the necessary equipment for the production of high-quality polymer sand products.

The production capacity of the complex is 10,000 square meters of products per month.

W Team:

Professionalism in the understanding of this company is not only a thorough knowledge of all the intricacies of your favorite work, but also a continuous striving forward, to new knowledge, skills and achievements. Professionalism allows them to be more efficient and perfect than competitors.

W Quality:

All links of the production chain work for the client, so the quality of the finished polymer-sand product is the No. 1 priority. Accordingly, in order to guarantee it at the output, raw materials are carefully selected and controlled - there is no random material in production

table 2 Comparative analysis products of the main competitors of LLC "Kazan polymer sand tile"

Name Indicator	LLC "Stroitel AG"	LLC "EuroStroyTech"		LLC "Ukrainian Polymer Sand Company"	"Kazan polymer sand tile"
Price, rub / piece
Quality			High (4)	High (5)
Reliability
Range
Discount on the volume of production.
Reputation		Positive			New firm

From table 2 it follows that LLC "Kazan polymer sand tile" has the highest score for 2 indicators out of six possible (in terms of price and reliability)

Conclusion: our company will occupy a fairly stable position in the market.

Determination of the competitive position of the firm in the selected market segment.

To analyze the competitive position, we use the matrix (Industry Attractiveness - Competitive Position) developed by the McKinsey consulting company. The positioning of the firm is carried out in the coordinate system. One of the axes is the attractiveness of the market segment, and the other axis is the competitive position of the organization in the selected market segment.

The following parameters were selected to assess the attractiveness of the industry:

1. Market capacity - The total number of goods (in quantitative and value terms) that can be sold in a segment for a certain period of time. The number of possible consumers. The construction segment of the industry is in high demand on the market, so we will give this indicator a score of 4 and assign it a weight of 0.19.

2. Competitive pressure - the number of competing stores, the intensity of competition and the definition of the degree of their security, the assessment of their competitive advantages. Assessment of the level of competition and determination of the degree of security of a trading enterprise. Since in Kazan and the nearest regions they do not produce polymer-sand tiles, therefore, for this indicator, we will put a score of 5 and assign it a weight of 0.25.

3. Resource security - the company has sufficient resources to operate in the market: staff qualifications, access to finance, marketing opportunities, access to market technologies. Due to the low distribution of production (polymer-sand tiles are not developed in the region), we estimate this parameter at 2 points and assign a weight of 0.09.

4. Stability of the segment - Stability of the selected group of consumers, their loyalty to this retail trade enterprise... For this parameter, due to the absence of competitors in this area, we will estimate it by - 4 points and assign a weight of 0.19.

5. Sufficiency - the potential of the segment, including the duration of the existence of the segment and the rate of its change (growth, decrease). The total number of goods (in quantity and value terms) that can be sold in a segment for a certain period of time; number of consumers; segment area. Let's estimate this parameter by 3 points and assign a weight of 0.14.

6. Variety of assortment - the higher the variety of assortment on the market, the more difficult it is to differentiate your product from competing products and find a working one. competitive advantage... Since our production will be focused on high quality polymer-sand tiles, we estimate the parameter at 3 points and assign a weight of 0.14.

Table 3 Assessment of the attractiveness of market segments

Market segment parameters	Relative weight	Result
Market volume
Competitive pressure
Resource endowment
Segment stability
Adequacy
Variety of assortment

Therefore, the integral estimate is: 0.76 + 1.25 + 0.18 + 0.76 + 0.42 + 0.42 = 3.79.

When assessing a competitive position, the calculation is similar to the previous one, but here we consider the key factors for the success of the organization. (table 4)

1. Profitability - the segment must provide a certain return on invested capital. In the construction industry, the level of profitability is at a high level, therefore, we estimate it by 4 points and assign the weight - 0.227

2. Segment availability - informational, territorial, material.

According to this parameter, we estimate the production of polymer-sand tiles at 3 points and assign a weight of -0.16.

3. Competence level - the company has sufficient competence to operate in the segment. Therefore, let us estimate the parameter by 3 points and assign the weight - 0.16.

4. Product quality - the company's product is able to meet the key needs of consumers in the target market at an effective level. Since in the production of polymer-sand tiles, we will use exclusively high-quality materials, therefore, we will estimate it by 3 points and assign a weight of 0.253.

5. The likelihood of entry for new players - the prospects for entry of new strong players increase the risk of increased competition and reduced profitability of the industry. Because Building bussiness in the region is now in a stage of active growth, the likelihood of competitors appearing on the market will estimate the indicator by 1 point and assign a weight of -0.1.

6. Solvency of the audience - a decrease in the solvency of the market audience can lead to a decrease in the frequency of use of the product, switching to cheaper analogs or refusal to use a category of products. Unstable situation on financial market in the country, does not provide a stable paying capacity of the population, therefore, we estimate the indicator by 1 point and assign a weight of 0.1.

Table 4 Assessment of competitive position

Market segment parameters	Relative weight	Assessment of segment attractiveness	Result
Market volume
Competitive pressure
Resource endowment
Segment stability
Adequacy
Variety of assortment

Assessment of the competitive position of the organization:

0,908+0,48+0,32+1,012+0,1+0,1 = 2,92.

Therefore, according to the table. 3 and 4, the integral assessment of the attractiveness of the industry segments is 3.79, and the assessment of the competitive position is 2.92.

3. Production plan

3.1 Influence of geographic location

LLC "Kazan polymer-sand tile" is going to carry out its activities in the city of Kazan, but does not have its own premises for these purposes, which would be suitable for organizing production. In order to start our activities, we take this premises for rent in accordance with the parameters we need. These include:

The area of the industrial premises (workshop) is not less than 1500 sq.m.

Office area not less than 100 sq. M.

Availability of communications

Premises that meet our requirements at st. Teachers' house 2a. Moreover, both the office and the workshop are located in the same building, which is an undoubted advantage for the management.

In terms of cost, the rent also fits into the scope of our expenses, namely the price per sq.m. is 150 rubles. For the office we rent 100 sq. M., For the workshop - 400 sq. M.

But also the rent includes utility bills.

Thus, the total rental costs are: 82,800 rubles per month

150 H 500 = 75,000 rubles.

We also need to take into account utility bills (included in the rental price), because the production of pp-tiles is very energy-intensive.

18000- Utility bills.

3.2 Characteristics of the materials used

This Technical Specification applies to shingles intended for roofing buildings.

1. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

1.1. The tiles must comply with the requirements of these Specifications and be manufactured according to the Technological Regulations approved in the prescribed manner.

1.2. Roof tiles are manufactured in two types:

Grooved with two side closures;

Ridge semicircular, conical.

1.3. The following materials are used for the manufacture of tiles:

Sand for construction work in accordance with GOST 8736-85;

Pigment - red lead in accordance with GOST 8135-74 or other mineral pigments.

1.4. The depth of the grooves (folds) of the tiles must be at least 4 mm.

1.5. The height of the tongue of the tiles must be at least 14 mm.

1.7. The shingles must have at least one through hole with a diameter of 4-5 mm in the overlapping part for attaching it to the lathing.

1.8. The shingles should be regular in shape with smooth surfaces and even edges without cracks.

Appearance indicators Permissible deviation:

1. Curvature of the surface and edges (warpage), mm, no more than 3

2. Chipping or crushing of one of the corners length, mm, no more than 5

3. Chipping or crushing of a thorn, no more than 1/4 of the thorn height

1.9. The breaking load during the bending test of the tile must be at least 800N (80 kgf). The strength of the ridge tile is not determined.

1.10. In terms of frost resistance, tiles in a state saturated with water must withstand at least 50 cycles of alternate freezing at a temperature of minus (15 ... 20) ° С and subsequent thawing in water at a water temperature of plus (15 ... 20) ° С without any signs of destruction (stratification, chipping, peeling, cracking).

1.11. Weight 1 sq.m. coverings with grooved tiles in a state saturated with water should be no more than 50 kg, and the mass of running meters. ridge tiles - no more than 10 kg.

1.12. The shingles must be waterproof, i.e. when tested according to clause 3.6. of these Specifications on the underside of the sample within 3 hours from the start of testing, there should be no water droplets.

1.13. The color of the tiles of one batch must be solid.

1.14. Marking.

1.14.1. Each package (container, package, etc.) must have transport markings in accordance with GOST 14192-77, which indicates:

Product name and date of manufacture;

Batch number;

Number of pieces in a package;

Package weight;

OTK stamp.

1.14.2. Tiles are marked in an amount of at least 20% of the batch on the lower (not the front) side of the product with quick-drying and indelible paint or in any other way with an indication of the manufacturer or its trademark.

1.15. Package.

1.15.1. The shingles are placed on a pallet or in specialized containers on soft gaskets (cardboard in accordance with GOST 3135-82, wood chips in accordance with GOST 5244-79, etc.) on the edge along the length tightly to one another. Each row in height should be overlapped with thin wooden battens or other cushioning material. The number of rows of tiles, stacked one on top of the other, must be more than 3. By agreement with the consumer, it is allowed to use a different type of packaging according to the current regulatory and technical documents.

2. RULES OF ACCEPTANCE

2.1. The acceptance of the tiles must be carried out in batches by the technical control department of the manufacturer.

2.2. The size of the shingle batch is set in the amount of daily production of the manufacturer.

2.3. The shingles must be supplied in a set according to the customer's specification, which must indicate the number of grooved and ridge tiles. If there is no specification in each batch, the number of ridge tiles from the total must be written.

2.4. Each batch of shingles supplied must be accompanied by a quality document specifying:

Manufacturer's name and address;

Product name and its symbol;

Batch number and date of manufacture;

Type, overall and covering dimensions of the tiles;

Number and date of issue of documents;

Test results;

Designation of real technical conditions.

2.5. To check the compliance of the tiles with the requirements of these technical conditions, acceptance and periodic controls are carried out.

2.6. For acceptance control, samples of tiles are taken from each batch in a pre-agreed order, in an amount of 1% of the batch, but not less than 25 pieces, and tests are carried out according to the following indicators:

Shape, size and appearance - all samples taken;

Water resistance - not less than 5 pieces;

2.7. Periodic control is carried out on tiles selected from among those that have passed the tests according to clause 2.6., According to the following indicators:

Frost resistance - at least 5 pieces;

Mass of 1 m2 of covering of grooved tiles and 1 running meter. ridge tiles in a state saturated with water.

2.8. The frost resistance of the tiles is determined at least once a quarter and every time when the technology or raw materials are changed.

2.9. The determination of the mass of 1 m2 of covering with grooved tiles and 1 running meter of ridge tiles in a state saturated with water is carried out at least once a month and each time when the technology or raw materials change.

2.10. Upon receipt of unsatisfactory results of testing tiles for at least one of the indicators for this indicator, repeated tests are carried out on a doubled amount of tiles taken from the same batch. Upon receipt of unsatisfactory results of repeated tests, the batch is not subject to acceptance.

2.11. The consumer has the right to carry out a control check of the compliance of the tiles with the requirements of these technical specifications.

3. TEST METHODS

3.1. Appearance shingles (the presence of cracks, bumps, crushing of spikes, etc.) are determined visually.

3.2. Determination of the size and correctness of the shape of the tiles is carried out with a steel ruler in accordance with GOST 427-75 with a measurement error of no more than 1 mm.

3.2.1. When measuring the length and width of the tiles, the ruler is applied in two places at a distance of 20 mm from the edge of the tile. The arithmetic mean of the results of two measurements is taken as the length and width of the tiles.

3.2.2. The curvature of the surface and edges of the tile is determined by measuring

the largest gap between the surface or edge of a free-lying tile and the verified surface of the reference plane.

3.2.3. The value of the bounce of the corners is measured with a ruler along the longest length of the bounce.

3.3. Determination of the breaking load for fracture.

3.3.1. Preparing for the test.

Before testing, the lower surface of the tile is leveled with two transverse strips of gypsum mortar 20-30 mm wide, located in the places where the tiles rest on the supports. On the upper surface in the middle of the tiles, one transverse strip is made in the same way at the place of load application.

3.3.2. Testing.

The tested tiles are laid on rigid parallel prismatic supports with rounded edges with a radius of 10 mm or cylindrical rollers with a diameter of 20-30 mm. The distance between the axes of the supports should be 300 mm. The length of each support must be at least the width of the tile to be tested. The breaking load must be transmitted to the shingles through the rigid prismatic block exactly, in the middle between the supports and evenly distributed along the entire line of contact between the block and the tile. The loading rate should be (15 ± 5) N per second.

3.4. Tests for frost resistance of tiles are carried out in accordance with GOST 7025-78

The duration of one freezing of tile samples should be 5 hours.

3.5. Determination of the mass of 1 m2 of covering with grooved tiles and 1 running meter of ridge tiles in a water-saturated state. Selected samples of tiles are placed in a vessel with water at a temperature of (20 ± 5) ° C in one row on lining so that the water level in the vessel is at least 2 cm above the top of the samples, and kept until they are completely saturated. Thereafter, the samples are removed from the vessel, immediately blotted with a soft cloth, and each sample is weighed. The mass of water flowing from the pores of the sample onto the weighing pan shall be included in the mass of the water-saturated sample. Weighing of each sample, carried out with an error of up to 1 g, must be completed no later than 5 minutes after saturation with water. The weight of one tile (m) in grams is calculated as the arithmetic mean of the weighing results of 5 samples. The number of tiles per 1 m2 of coverage (A) is determined with an error of up to a decimal place as the quotient of 1 m2 per average covering area of one tile in square meters (excluding permissible deviations). The mass of 1 m2 of a tile covering in a water-saturated state (M) is calculated by the formula M = m x A

3.6. Determination of the waterproofing of tiles.

Tile samples are placed face up on the supports. A glass tube with an inner diameter of 25 mm and a height of 200 mm is placed on the front surface of the tile. The gap between the edges of the tube and the surface of the tile is sealed with plasticine, paraffin or other sealing material. The tube is filled with water up to a height of 150 mm and this level is maintained by constantly adding water. During the test, the appearance of water droplets on the underside of the tiles is monitored, which is determined visually or using an automatic device developed by the VNIIstr Institute. Determination of the appearance of a drop using an automatic device consists in fixing the moment of closing the electrical circuit between the electrodes, one of which is lowered into a tube with water, and the other, made in the form of a plate, is set at a distance of 1 mm from the underside of the tile. At the moment the circuit is closed, the time counter stops with the simultaneous appearance of a sound signal. A shingle is considered to pass the test if, within three hours from the moment the tube is filled with water, a drop of water does not appear on the underside of the shingle.

3.7. The uniformity of the color of the tiles is determined as follows:

The shingles together with the reference samples are laid on a slightly inclined shield with an area of at least 1 m2 and at a distance of 10 m is determined visually by comparing with reference samples its uniformity.

4. TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE

4.1. The shingles are transported by any type of transport in

in accordance with the "Rules for the carriage of goods" in force for this type of transport.

4.2. Transportation of tiles in vehicles must be carried out in

packaged, in special containers.

4.3. Loading and unloading of tiles should be done mechanically using special grippers. It is not allowed to load shingles in vehicles felling (throwing) and unloading by dropping.

4.4. During loading and unloading operations, the safety rules established by GOST 12.3.009-76 must be observed.

4.5. Roof tiles should be stored separately by type in packaged form on pallets or in specialized containers according to the relevant regulatory and technical documentation.

4.6. It is allowed to store tiles without pallets in packages that provide

mechanized loading and unloading.

5. MANUFACTURER'S WARRANTIES

5.1. The manufacturer must ensure that the supplied cement-sand tiles meet the requirements of these technical specifications, subject to the conditions of transportation and storage.

4. Organizational plan

4.1 Business Schedule

When drawing up a business schedule, it is necessary to record the most important and key events. It will reflect the specific sequence of actions. For clarity, we present the business schedule in Table 5.

Table 5 Business schedule of the organization "KPCH" LLC

Key event	Dates (date)	Responsible person
establishment of a company		Director
creation of a product prototype		Technologist
reaching agreements with sales representatives		Director
signing agreements with wholesalers		Accountant
ordering materials in quantities required for the production of the first batches		Storekeeper
start of production		Technologist
receiving first orders		Accountant
delivery of the first consignments		Accountant
receiving the first payments and receipts to the account.		Accountant

4.2 Organizational structure

Organizational structure is a set of ways by which the labor process is first divided into separate work tasks, and then coordination of actions to solve problems is achieved. The organizational structure defines the distribution of responsibilities and authorities within the organization. As a rule, it is displayed in the form of an organization - a graphical diagram, the elements of which are hierarchically ordered organizational units (departments, job positions), horizontal and vertical links.

For the effective functioning of the enterprise, it is necessary that all employees of the organization are in "their places" and fulfill all the duties assigned to them.

LLC "KPPCH" has the following staff. (fig. 4)

Administrative and managerial:

Ш Manager

Ш Accountant

Main production personnel:

Ш Utility workers (2 persons);

Ш Operator of the APN line (2 persons)

Support staff:

Sh Technologist

SH Storekeeper

Ш Cleaning lady (2 persons);

Ш Driver (2 persons).

4.3 Staff schedule

The staffing table is presented in table 6.

Table 6

The total monthly salary of the AUP is 224,000 rubles. In addition, taxes are charged to off-budget funds on the specified salary in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Consider the main responsibilities of the administrative and management personnel.

The director acts as a manager. It accepts all production and management decisions... The duties of the director also include the following:

1) Manages the financial and economic activities of the Company, ensures that the Company performs the tasks assigned to it, organizes the work and effective interaction of all structural units Society.

2) Ensures the observance of the law in the activities of the Company, the fulfillment of all licensing requirements when carrying out the activities of the Company in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, organizes the preparation of relevant documents and the implementation of all necessary actions to obtain (renew) a license to carry out the statutory activities of the Company.

3) Ensures that the Company fulfills all obligations to the federal, regional and local budgets, state extra-budgetary social funds, as well as customers and creditors.

4) Organizes the development and implementation of the latest progressive forms of management and organization of labor, scientifically based standards of material, financial and labor costs, studying market conditions and advanced experience (domestic and foreign) in order to improve the technical level and quality of work (services) in every possible way.

5) Solves issues related to financial, economic and economic activity the organization, within the limits granted to it by the legislation of the rights, delegates certain areas of activity to other officials of the Company.

6) Ensures and controls the implementation of decisions of the general meeting of shareholders, the Board of Directors of the Company, provision of information, reporting on the activities of the Company and explanations on the management of the activities of the Company general meeting shareholders, the Board of Directors and auditors of the Company.

7) Organizes the provision of the Company with all the necessary material and technical conditions for its activities.

8) Organizes work to provide the Company with qualified personnel, rational use of their professional knowledge and experience, conduct certification and train employees.

9) Organizes the development and approves staffing table Society, job descriptions for employees of the Society.

10) Organizes and controls the implementation by the employees of the Company job duties, the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation and internal normative documents Society, takes measures to eliminate violations and shortcomings in the work of employees.

Qualification requirements: higher professional (technical) education and work experience at leadership positions at least 3 years.

The accountant of the limited liability company "Kazan polymer sand tile" carries out the following activities:

1) Performs maintenance work accounting property, liabilities and business transactions (accounting for fixed assets, inventories, production costs, sales of products, results of economic and financial activities; settlements with suppliers and customers for services provided, etc.).

2) Participates in the development and implementation of measures aimed at compliance financial discipline and rational use of resources.

3) Carries out the reception and control of primary documentation for the relevant areas of accounting and prepares them for counting processing.

4) Reflects on the accounts of accounting operations related to the movement of fixed assets, inventory and cash.

5) Draws up accounting estimates of the cost of products (works, services), identifies the sources of losses and non-productive costs, prepares proposals for their prevention.

6) Calculates and transfers taxes and fees to the federal, regional and local budgets, insurance contributions to state off-budget social funds, payments to banking institutions, funds for financing capital investments, wages workers and employees, other payments and payments, as well as the deduction of funds for material incentives employees of the enterprise.

7) Participates in the conduct economic analysis economic and financial activities of the organization according to accounting and reporting data in order to identify on-farm reserves, implement a saving regime and measures to improve document flow.

8) Participates in the inventory of funds, inventory, settlements and payment obligations.

9) Prepares data on the relevant areas of accounting for reporting, monitors the safety accounting documents, prepares them in accordance with the established procedure for transfer to the archive.

10) Performs work on the formation, maintenance and storage of a database of accounting information, makes changes to the reference and regulatory information used in data processing.

11) Carries out individual service assignments of his immediate supervisor.

Requirements for qualifications: higher professional (economic) education and work experience in the field of accounting and control for at least 2 years.

Technologist:

1) Develops, using design automation tools, and implements progressive technological processes, types of equipment and technological equipment, automation and mechanization, optimal production modes for products manufactured by the enterprise and all types of work of various complexity, ensuring the production of competitive products and reducing material and labor costs for its manufacture.

2) Establishes the order of performance of work and the operational route for processing parts and assembling products.

3) Draws up plans for the placement of equipment, technical equipment and organization of workplaces, calculates production capacity and equipment load.

4) Participates in the development of technically justified norms of time (production), line and network schedules, in the development of product designs for manufacturability, calculates standards material costs(consumption rates of raw materials, semi-finished products, materials, tools, process fuel, energy), the economic efficiency of the designed technological processes.

5) Develops technological standards, instructions, assembly diagrams, route maps, maps of the technical level and product quality and other technological documentation, makes changes to technical documentation in connection with the adjustment of technological processes and production modes.

...

Product receipt process

Generally available and inexpensive components are used as raw materials for the production of finished tiles. You can get them in every region of the country.

Technological scheme for the production of polymer sand tiles

These include:

cleaned sand,
polymers,
pigments.

To reduce the cost of purchasing all the necessary components, you can buy secondary raw materials - they are much cheaper.

As for the exact recipe, everything is strictly individual here - each manufacturer works with its own composition. You can develop a recipe yourself, or you can invite an experienced technologist for consultation.

The technology for the production of polymer sand tiles is extremely simple and does not require any specific skills and knowledge from the entrepreneur (if he decided to carry out all the work with his own hands).

Making polymer sand tiles with your own hands is carried out as follows:

Prepare all ingredients and mix them.
Melting of the raw material.
Pressing products.
Storage of finished products.

Business prospects.

Purchase of equipment for obtaining products

The next thing an entrepreneur will need to do is buy equipment for the production of polymer sand tiles. And even home production will require certain machines.

Line for the production of polymer sand tiles

TO technical equipment we will assign the following items of equipment:

Dispenser - from 30,000 rubles.
Concrete mixer - from 40,000 rubles.
Melting and heating machine - from 350,000 rubles.
Press - from 150,000 rubles.
Molds - from 1500 rubles / piece.

The final price of equipment for polymer sand tiles will depend on the capacity of the machines, their configuration and the degree of automation. Minimum cost production line for a mini-workshop and its commissioning is ≈800,000 rubles. And this figure can be much higher if we talk about a more powerful enterprise.

Sales of finished products and profitability of the workshop

The sale of polymer sand tiles, with well-established distribution channels, should bring a high profit to the entrepreneur. And given the demand for products, there is no doubt that many customers will be interested in purchasing high-quality tiles from a direct supplier. It is used for paving roads, interior and exterior cladding.

Products can be sold:

hardware stores and warehouses,
developers,
repair firms,
private buyers.

Despite the fact that the bulk of the profits will come from wholesalers, private buyers should not be discounted. For this, a small pavilion can be organized in the workshop, where the manufactured products will be displayed in front of customers.

The production of polymer sand paving slabs, as practice shows, will begin to pay off quickly enough. The launch of a small workshop will require investments of at least 1,000,000 rubles. This will include the following costs:

purchase of the most basic equipment,
preparation for the operation of the premises (conduction of light, water and sewerage),
providing a raw material base for the release of the first batch of goods,
company registration.

To calculate the profitability of the planned enterprise, let us take as an example a low-power line with a capacity of up to 50 m 2 of finished tiles in an 8-hour shift. It turns out that more than 1000 m 2 of products can be received monthly. Polymer sandy tiles for a basement stand today on the wholesale market 250-500 rubles / m 2. This means that if you immediately sell all the products produced, the entrepreneur can receive revenue in the amount of 500,000 rubles. And these are excellent profitability indicators for the shop floor in the small business segment.

To calculate net income and total revenue, subtract variable costs:

The post was changed:

How to open the production of polymer sand tiles

Polymer sand tile is one of the state-of-the-art materials used in private construction. Its advantages include the ability to drown out percussive sounds, maintain temperature under the scorching rays of the sun, the absence of a fight during transportation, the lightness of the material itself and its processing, and fit. Only these qualities are enough to understand: polymer sand tiles - production is profitable, the product will be in demand.

Business brief analysis:
Business setup costs: 1.2-1.5 million rubles
Relevant for cities with population: no limits
Industry situation:average level of competition
The complexity of organizing a business: 4/5
Payback: 1-1.5 years

Types of tiles

The oldest roofing material, which gave its name to a number of modern sheet roofing materials, has always been made from clay. To date, it is practically not used due to the long production time, the complexity of laying, a large percentage of losses as a result of the fall of fragile dies, the impossibility of creating an ideal, non-leaking monolithic layer.

Despite all these shortcomings of a heavy natural material, manufacturers are trying to implement its main qualities in modern counterparts. The best qualities clay tiles:

protection from rain and wind noise;
preservation of the microclimate in the room due to the resistance of clay to heating and excessive cooling;
the ability to replace only damaged roof elements.

Tiles can be copper, ceramic, cement-sand, metal, composite, polymer sand, bitumen.

P.S. And if production is not your option, and you just need to buy tiles for your home. The best option is this! “Dr. Schiefer ”- a company for the production of ceramic tiles. Go to the site and choose for any need!

Modern materials have strict geometric outlines, regardless of the pattern reproduced using forms, metal rolling machines and other equipment. This greatly simplifies the joining of sheets into a single monolithic coating. However, corrugated sheets are overlapped like slate. The difference lies in the subtlety of the materials, due to which the modern tile roof looks attractive. And at the same time, rain protection is more effective.

One of the most demanded roofing materials in summer cottage construction is metal. Its production does not require a large amount of specialized equipment and space. A metal rolling machine with a specific pattern for profiling, a hydraulic knife for cutting to size is enough. Small production can be located on 20 m². The main thing is that the concrete floor is flat, and the raw materials are cheap and of high quality.

Production of metal tiles from cold or hot rolled steel to the exit of the finished roofing sheet is possible only at large enterprises, which is associated with large financial investments. Composition of multilayer material:

the foundation;
zinc;
passivating layer;
primer;
coloring.

Since some of the layers are duplicated on both sides, it turns out that the sheet of roofing metal material consists of 8 layers. For exterior painting, polyester or pural spraying is used. The interior is painted without a primer with a cheaper paint.

Galvanized steel sheets with thin polymer coating good for cold roofs. For houses of permanent residence, metal tiles are suitable only if the attic is insulated with SIP panels. They will drown out the sounds of rain and provide optimal thermal insulation.

Conclusion! The metal tile is suitable for decorating warm roofs, gazebos and summer houses. For year-round houses (in areas of a temperate climatic zone), more solid material is needed.

The high quality of the material is provided by only two ingredients and a manufacturing method. The material consists of coarse sand and polyethylene. As a result of hot pressing, the material is homogeneous, it has no pores. Drying of the material takes place in a confined space, where there is no access to moisture.

The color variety of polymer-sand tiles is provided by mineral dyes added to the enclave where the main ingredients are mixed. Due to the lack of air access, each grain of sand is enveloped in a layer of polyethylene. Not only is this material safe from shaking on the roads, but falling from the roof will not cause damage.

The weight of one standard sheet of sand roofing material is 22 kg. Unlike brittle slate, this material can be cut, nailed with roofing nails, heated to + 70 ° C and cooled to -50 ° C. Neither heat, nor cold, nor acid rain will affect the quality of the material, the service life of which is expected to be at least half a century.

The peculiarity of polymer sand tiles is that they do not have characteristics that will not be required during operation. It only protects the roof of the house from wind, moisture penetration, dampens shock sounds, does not heat up in the sun to critical temperatures.

This material can be safely called a transitional form from natural clay tiles to their modern counterparts. Moisture-proof cardboard is used as the basis of this material. On both sides it is pressed with a sand-cement mortar with chemical additives. For many decades, slate has been considered the best roofing material. He perfectly protected from winds, moisture, shock sounds. Its only drawback is fragility. Losses during transportation up to 10% is an acceptable rate.

A little later, rubber slate appeared. Its advantages consisted in the absence of combat, ease of processing and fitting in size, but it heated up strongly in the sun, became brittle in severe frosts, and for its installation, a monolithic lagging with wood was required.

The manufacturer's stated service life for both types of slate was in dire need of adjustment. After all, the integrity of the roofing material depended on the air temperature, the sharpness of the drops, the amount of precipitation in winter, and the angle of the roof slope.

Modern rubber roof tiles are a product of recycled rubber, which was formerly a car tire. Its production can be set up at regeneration plants, the demand for whose services has dropped significantly over the past 3 decades. But the equipment remains, it can be used. The process is time consuming, you cannot do without specialized machines. The challenge is as follows:

removal of the cord;
cutting the tread;
grinding of the resulting elements;
coating with slate powder or wood flour;
heat treatment.

This material has its admirers not only among ardent environmentalists. Builders like rubber tiles for the presence of side grooves that simplify the installation of a monolithic roofing sheet.

Working with natural clay requires maintaining a certain climatic regime in the room. The raw materials coming from the quarry are heterogeneous, which implies its repeated crushing, drying, moistening, sifting. All this is easier to produce with the use of powerful specialized units in a sufficient space of the workshop.

Before proceeding with molding, it is necessary to impart a certain plasticity to the raw materials, which may require chemical additives, plasticizers. Additional costs - payment for the services of a technologist. Only after many days of preparation of the raw material, you can start molding and firing. The temperature in the kiln is maintained within 450-600 ° C, and during the secondary firing, after glazing, it should be at 1000 ° C.

Composite material, which includes: rubber, plastic waste, bitumen impregnation. Fiberglass and basalt are used for the base. The manufacturing method is technologically advanced, multi-stage.

The main components are Portland cement, quartz sand or limestone, water, iron oxide. Specifications materials practically coincide with those that have ceramic products... Only the cost of this analogue is much lower.

The production of this roofing material is impossible without expensive specialized equipment required for high pressure molding of the press. We need a drying chamber to dry the material for 8-12 hours at a consistently high temperature. After 3-step staining of cement-sand tiles, it is necessary to dry for a month in a well-ventilated area.

Steel sheets hidden behind an aluminum-zinc alloy. The thickness of the coating with mineral granulate ≈ 20. Such a complex composition gives the steel sheet protection against corrosion, mechanical damage, fading.

Business organization

When planning a business, you need to decide which polymer will be used in production. The most important thing is to unload cities from plastic packages that are taken to landfills in tons.

It turns out that there is no need to deliver granular polymers from factories located at a considerable distance from the area where it is planned to open a workshop for the production of polymer sand tiles. One of the main ingredients for the manufacturer will be cheaper.

Raw materials for the production of roof tiles

You won't have to get it, many townspeople are ready for separate waste disposal. Having rented several containers for garbage marked "plastic container" from a recycling company, having concluded a contract with them for periodic delivery, the first part can be considered completed.

Sand can be purchased directly from the quarry. But to use it, you will need a drying chamber and sifters - sieves, screens. Natural deposits are rarely clean, as a rule, small pebbles, shells, clay, particles of tree bark or remnants of roots are present in the sand.

Each career has its own characteristics. It is better to conclude contracts with those suppliers whose raw materials are cleaner, and their delivery and preparatory processing does not require large financial investments.

Necessary equipment for the production of polymer sand tiles

Given the difference production process when using ready-to-use raw materials and materials at hand, the selection of equipment is somewhat different.

For processing used polymer containers will be required:

crusher;
moistening vat for soaking labels;
dryer with a directed air flow for natural blowing of foreign inclusions;
foaming agent for polyethylene.

For the processing of natural sand, a production line can be used, equipped with a conveyor belt passing through a drying chamber and a raw material dispenser.

Manufacturing technology

The way of processing polymer and sand converge at the mixing vat. From there, the mixture, ready for processing, enters the smelter. After that, the mass tinted with mineral dyes is poured into molds with a dosing apparatus and sent under the press. Here, the starting material will remain until completely dry at an elevated temperature. In fact, the material should be baked.

Business registration

Having rented abandoned or not fully used workshops of rubber products factories together with equipment, you do not need to worry about the size of the first investment. They will equal the costs of:

rent;
payment of utility bills;
operator salaries;
delivery and purchase of raw materials;
expenses for registration of individual entrepreneurs.

Considering the benefits for settlement for the disposal of a significant part of waste, real benefits to the population in the form of creating new jobs, you can get material support from the local budget. To do this, you must contact the local employment service, provide a business plan with all calculations for:

market analysis;
the ratio of expenses to production income;
determining profitability;
payback periods;
attraction of investments.

It is investments, own savings and assistance from banks in the form of loans that are fundamental to the construction of your own workshop with the purchase of a production line. When renting a ready-made production line, you can start a business with a subsidy from the state.

Sales channels

At minimum investment it is necessary to have stable points of sale. Large purchases retail outlets, construction companies can exempt from the need to rent or build their own workshop.

The most important thing is to conclude contracts for deliveries in your own area, this reduces transport costs, which automatically makes the goods cheaper for the buyer. Better advertising than high quality and low price it can not be.

Calculations of costs, income and ROI

Starting a business from scratch, you need to take into account the cost of the necessary equipment

Production of polymer sand tiles at home

It is extremely difficult, almost impossible to make decorative tiles at home, but straight tiles do not require complex molding. It can be seen as an opportunity to start a business at the lowest cost.

The raw material for production will be polymer clay... A wooden barrel will serve as a press, into which metal forms filled with mass can be laid in layers. Each subsequent frame will serve as a press for the previous one.

The standard size of this type of tile is 35x20 cm. This format will have frames, their height is 2.5 cm. Drying of the material in natural conditions lasts about 14-15 days. Considering such a long period of manufacturing polymer-sand tiles at home, there can be no talk of a quick payback. This method is good when preparing material for your own needs.

Polymer shingles production process

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