Business plan ready-made examples. Ready-made business plans for small businesses with calculations. Business plan structure: main sections

Business plan: sample and purpose of the document + reasons for drawing up + 5 stages of creation + writing features for investors and for personal purposes + structure + 15 tips + 7 illustrative examples.

Any actions need to be planned and displayed on paper. This is especially true for entrepreneurship. No business planning, i.e. detailed optimization of resources and determination of further tasks, even an experienced entrepreneur will not be able to achieve their goals.

Therefore, it is so important to have at hand sample business plan and compose it correctly. This material will help you with this.

Why and who needs a business plan?

There are several definitions of a business plan on the Internet.

The most common ones are:

Those. a business plan is a document that describes in detail and ways to implement it. Thanks to him, you can fully justify your project, evaluate the effectiveness from all sides decisions taken, to understand the feasibility of financing for a particular activity.

The business plan shows:

business development prospects;
sales market volumes, potential consumers;
profitability of the project;
forthcoming expenses for the production and sale of products, supply of its market, etc.

A business development plan is a tool that evaluates the final results of activities for a specific period of time. It can be used to attract investors and is necessary in creating a business concept, a company's strategy.

Drawing up a business plan is one of the important, crucial stages of planning. It is being developed both for those enterprises that produce goods and for those whose specialization is the provision of services.

Before writing a business plan, the specialists or the owner of the company determine the tasks, the means for their implementation. The developed document can attract lenders to implement ideas. For this reason, its importance cannot be exaggerated.

Business development plan purpose:

analysis of aspects of entrepreneurship;
competent management of finances, operations;
justification of the need to obtain investments (bank loans, share participation of companies in the implementation of the project, budget allocations, etc.);
accounting financial capacity and threats (risks) of the enterprise;
selection of the optimal direction of development.

Entrepreneurs write business plans for the following reasons:

Features of drawing up a plan for personal purposes and creditors

It is important to see the difference between a business plan, which is written for internal use, and a document, so to speak "ceremonial", to be transferred to creditors.

1. Create a plan for personal purposes.

If you intend to use the sample business plan and write it for yourself, please note that it will take the form of a practical guide to further actions.

In this case, the business development plan should answer the following questions:

What kind of activity are you (will you be doing)?
What product / service does your company offer to the market?
Who are the consumers, clients?
What goals should you achieve?
What means are needed to achieve the goals?
Who is responsible for completing certain tasks?
How long does it take to handle?
What investments will be required?
What results should the actions lead to?

You need to understand that, when drawing up a working document, you need to reflect the real state of affairs in order to know in which direction to move, what to take, what to strive for.

2. Document for investors.

When developing a business plan for the purpose of providing creditors / investors, the methodology is different. The person or organization that will finance your venture should receive a document detailing the situation and the main objectives.

It is your responsibility to convince investors that their money will be used rationally, to identify benefits for them. A business plan must be drawn up logically, every action must be justified.

If you are in doubt in any area, study it more carefully, because according to the program you have outlined, lenders will most likely have "uncomfortable" questions. And how you answer them, the amount of the initial investment for opening / developing your own business will depend.

Confidence in presentation is also of particular importance. It is good if you can display statistics in the business plan, referring to the example of another company. This will increase your chances of getting your investment.

When writing a business plan, it is worth sticking to business style and respect the structure.

Sample business plan: structure

Regardless of the purpose for which you draw up a plan, working with it takes place in 5 stages:

As a business builder, you will have no problem making the first two points. But what should be a competent structure of a business plan?

We will analyze the main sections, what information they contain and how to correctly compose them.

# 1. Title page.

He acts like that business card... It indicates: the name of your company, contact information, address information, phone numbers of the founders.

In addition, the title should contain the content of the entire document (chapter - page number). When composing a title, be short, and present information concisely.

The total volume of a business plan is about 30-35 pages, including attachments.

* Business plan (sample title page)

# 2. An introductory part of a sample business development plan.

It takes approximately 2 A4 sheets. The introduction describes the main aspects of your business, its essence, what advantages it has.

It is necessary to write what is attractive for the product / service for buyers, what is the size of the expected profit. If attraction is supposed money for a business, the introductory part indicates the amount of capital that you need.

Usually the introduction is devoted to the following points of the plan:

The introductory part is made up last, because it describes the general picture of the company's activities.
You will be able to depict it in full only after studying all the nuances of the case.

You can study a sample of this and other parts of the plan at the end of this material - there are collected examples of this document for the main areas of business.

Number 3. The main body of the business plan.

The main section concerns the type of activity and all of its key points, the cost of the project.

It consists of subsections:

production;
financial;
marketing;
organizational;
business efficiency calculation;
risks.

We'll look at them separately.

In the end follows final part... In it, you need to take stock of the work done, give a clear definition of the tasks.

Subsections of the main part of business plans

# 1. Development of the production subsection of the business plan.

The main section of the document is the largest. Its subsections represent each aspect of your case.

For example, industrial shows what equipment will be used, what premises you have, how much money will be needed to purchase and launch a business.

Also, this plan is intended so that you can calculate the production capacity, determine the likely prospects for growth in production volumes.

In addition, it contains information on the full provision of raw materials, components, highlights the need for labor, time and fixed costs business.

To ensure that the production subsection of the plan has a clear structure and contains all the necessary information, indicate:

how well-established the production process is, are there innovative solutions;
methods of supplying resources, the degree of development of the transport system;
a complete description of the technologies, why they were chosen;
whether it is necessary to buy / rent premises for doing business;
the composition of the required personnel and all data about it, labor costs;
possible maximum volume of products;
information about suppliers, business subcontractors;
the cost of each product;
estimate mentioning running costs etc.

# 2. Development of the financial subsection of the plan.

Financial plan summarizes all the data presented economic performance for business, i.e. in a cost option.

This includes business reports:

Balance plan (confirming the company's ability to timely settle its monetary obligations).

ABOUT financial results, profit and loss.

It highlights the sources of profit, how losses appeared, an assessment of changes in business income / expenses that occurred in the reporting period, etc.

About the movement of money.

This report allows you to see operating results, long-term creditworthiness, short-term liquidity.

The financial subsection of a business plan is also characterized by the presence of:

charts of future financial activities,
descriptions of probable investments.

Thoroughly consider the investment opportunity, whether it will be profitable, about the target direction of the investment. Write how you will return the funds attracted to the business.

Try to include in the financial part of your business plan:

Number 3. Development of a marketing subsection of a business plan.

The marketing subsection concerns the analysis of the sales market for your company's products. You must indicate in the plan the size, dynamics and trends of the market, its segments, conjuncture.

In addition, the subsection informs about who are the consumers of the business products, what strategy of product promotion will be applied.

It calculates consumption volumes, the estimated market share, describes the levers used to influence demand (advertising campaign, pricing, product improvement, etc.), business competitiveness.

It is necessary to evaluate your product from the point of view of the consumer, what makes it attractive, what is its consumer value, is it safe to use, and the service life.

When making your marketing plan, rely on these points:

To draw up a marketing plan, information is taken from the external environment, appropriate research and surveys are carried out, professional marketers in order to study the market situation.

No. 4. Development of an organizational subsection of the plan.

In terms of doing business, organizational issues... Therefore, in this subsection, you must describe all the steps that will be taken to implement the project.

For example, as shown in the sample in the picture:

It is better to present information in the plan in a tabular form so that the sequence of your actions is clearly visible. It would not hurt to mention the normative and legislative acts that govern the chosen field of activity.

In organizational terms, it is worth describing the management side, the responsibilities of all employees, the system of subordination and reward (remuneration), and describe the company's internal regime.

Remember to follow a structure like this:

No. 5. How to make a calculation of efficiency and probable risks

In the penultimate sections, you need to give an objective assessment of the company's performance, show the expected prospects based on the estimate, balance sheet, profitability threshold, and planned sales volume.

The developer of the business plan must write the payback period, NPV (net present value).

The best option would be to arrange this in a table, as in the example below:

Business risks should also be considered. Be sure to indicate in the plan what measures you will take, if any, to minimize, which self-insurance program to resort to.

Experienced business planners pay particular attention to risk, and consider the likelihood of the worst possible outcome. By taking notes on how to fix the perceived difficulties, you will make your future work easier. If losses and financial losses arise, you will already know how to compensate them.

When this section of the business plan causes difficulties, they turn to experts for help.

Business SWOT analysis is often used for this purpose:

This is a method for identifying external / internal factors that influence business development.

Thanks to him, you can appreciate:

their weaknesses (suppose the need to rent a building, unrecognizable brand),
advantages (low price, high service, professional staff),
designate opportunities (these include the availability of funds for the introduction of innovations, the use of modern equipment, coverage of a larger market segment, etc.).

And, ultimately, threats are considered that you cannot reverse, for example:

economic crisis,
deterioration of the demographic situation,
increase in customs duties,
growing political tensions,
tough competition, etc.

If you provide a clear and reasonable algorithm for resolving risks in the document, this is guaranteed to attract partners and creditors for your business.

15 tips for beginners to write a competent business plan

very painstaking and difficult. In the process of compiling it, many questions will arise. For this reason, most beginners make mistakes.

To avoid them and make your business plan worthwhile, follow these guidelines:

Before you start writing, it is better to look at more than one sample of drawing up a business plan.

It is easy to find illustrative examples on the Internet, and they may even relate to your line of business.

There is no need to "pour water", thinking that the document is supposed to be voluminous.

A business plan should contain only important, realistic information that is of interest to investors and is useful to you in doing business (as in the examples below).

Errors, corrections, misprints are strictly not allowed.
The business plan should reflect the possibility of your enterprise reaching a higher level and strengths management team.
When developing a business plan, one must not underestimate the competition and possible difficulties.
If the information you want to display is confidential, you must skip it.

Do not whip up the document.

Such a plan will not have the desired impression on lenders. If you compose it for yourself, all the same, it should not look like a draft version.

Use more tables, graphs (as in the samples below).

Providing statistics in this way makes the material more descriptive.

Market analysis is often inaccurate.

Therefore, approach the marketing section responsibly, collect all the necessary data.

Be sure to provide competitive and distinctive characteristics in your business plan.

Throw out too abstruse expressions from the business plan, as well as those that are understood ambiguously and demonstrate your insolvency.

For example, “a product that has no analogues”, “at the stage of consideration”, “ease of sale”, etc.

Consider absolutely all business expenses.

Lenders consider this column to be particularly important. Therefore, they may have a lot of questions for you on such items as salary to personnel, taxes, purchase of raw materials, etc.

Don't ignore risk considerations.

As mentioned, this will protect you from the challenges you face in achieving your goals and will also allow investors to see you as a serious, responsible entrepreneur.

Focus on the business plan not on the first profit, big earnings, but on a stable cash flow.

Remember to include time limits.

Any task has a deadline (quarter, year, several years).

If you are not sure that you can master a business plan on your own, even using the examples below, do not spare the money for a specialist.

He understands this issue more than you do, so he will draw up a document accurately, without technical, methodological and conceptual oversights that you can make without proper experience.

A detailed diagram of a high-quality business plan with explanations

you will find in this video:

Ready-made business plans (samples) for different areas of activity

The pharmaceutical business does not lose its relevance, because the need for medicines does not disappear. Moreover, most family budgetusually goes to medications.

Because of this, opening a pharmacy is a very profitable business.

Therefore, it makes sense to take a closer look at the example of such a business plan in this sample:.

If you are looking to pursue a different field, consider opening a cafe.

There are quite a lot of such establishments and the competition is great. However, the demand for them is growing. If you take into account all the points of arrangement, you will offer healthy food, you will definitely be successful.

To get the document right, check out the sample cafe business plan!

The male half of the population may be interested in the idea of \u200b\u200borganizing a car service.

The owner of the service station will not be left without income if the activities for the repair and maintenance of vehicles are described in detail with all the ensuing factors in the business plan.

It will be more pleasant for women to open a beauty salon.

We assure you, regardless of the number of existing establishments for the provision of cosmetic services, your "enterprise" in the beauty industry will be in demand. This is due to the fact that every client wants the salon to be close by, and does not have to travel to another quarter.

Representatives of the beautiful half of humanity can delve into trading activities and create a flower shop. The main advantage of the idea is a small start-up capital.

This small business also requires planning. And although flower shops are not very popular in Russia, who knows, maybe you can change that.

To do this, you need to draw up a well-thought-out business plan (a sample of which you can: study at this link).

Hospitality is a much more complex option, which involves taking into account many factors, especially marketing ones.

If you do not know what size of premises you need, what investments are needed, get the information of interest in a typical sample:
business plan for the hotel.

The process of implementing a project for farms... But in this case, you will have the opportunity to receive financial support and benefits from the state.

A good example of a plan that can attract public investors, clearly demonstrating goals,.

The realization of any idea begins with drawing up a business plan. Without it, it is impossible to determine the necessary tasks, to understand the feasibility of investments and costs. Many businessmen ignore this fact in vain and do not use this useful tool.

If you did not have experience in writing, any sample business plan given here will help you to understand all the standards for drawing up, due to which you can special labor set yourself a guideline for further action.

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The ability to correctly submit your product to Avito will allow you to earn good money. You can start by selling your own unwanted items. You can buy goods from those who want to sell them faster and cheaper, and then resell them at a higher price. An interesting option - sell other people's goods and services for a percentage. For this, you almost do not need investments, and earnings with active work starts at $ 300-400 per month.

Advertising agency

For a small agency, an office of 10 sq. m, minimal equipment and 2-3 people. It is profitable to open such a business in a big city... Then there will be high demand both for the development of printing materials, and for the creative industry, such as creating logos, corporate identity, slogans. You will have to invest from $ 1000, but the monthly income will be at least $ 700.

In this area, income it gets bigger every month. In the future, you can count on a net profit of 2-3 thousand dollars.

Holidays agency

This is a very interesting business, and moreover -. A small office, computer and advertising are the main expenses for its organization. Then your main task will be the selection of contractors for customers and the development of holiday programs. And almost all earnings are "clean" money. For a small agency, you will need an investment in the region of $ 1000, and the profit will be from $ 1,500 per month.

Cargo transportation

An excellent enterprise that is very easy to scale, gradually increasing your car fleet. Two cars with drivers and one dispatcher are all you need to start. With an initial investment of about 15 thousand dollars, the net profit will reach 1000-2000 dollars per month.

Service "husband for an hour"

No capital investment. Your task is to organize a base of employees of various specializations, coordinate their work and look for customers. With daily, even the smallest, orders, net profit per month starts at $ 500.

Shoe repair and key making

A room of 5-10 square meters, tools, shelving and a good craftsman - and you can start working. If you are qualified, you can do this yourself. You will need $ 800-900 to get started. And the monthly income of such a business is $ 600-1500, depending on the number of orders.

Breeding and sale of animals

A successful small business can be built: dogs, cats, chinchillas, rabbits, fish, pigs, nutria, ducks, bees, quails, pheasants, ferrets, snails, chickens, etc.

Of course, the size of the initial capital for each case is different. (both $ 500 and 15 thousand - to organize a full-fledged farm). But the net profit in any case starts at $ 1,000. Thanks to the breeding of expensive and "popular" animals, you can earn 3-5 thousand dollars a month.

Tutoring

Studying various disciplines, playing the guitar, singing and many more interesting things, you can earn from $ 400 a month. But for good employment, you will need to spend on minimal advertising on the Internet ($ 50-70).

Online store of things from China

- great business that does not require a lot of start-up capital... In order to buy the most "popular" things and already have them in stock, you will need about $ 700. Even with a small markup (15-25%), monthly sales income can reach $ 600-1000 "net".

Computer service

The organization of a computer repair service requires renting a room with an area of \u200b\u200babout 15 sq. m and buying tools. All costs associated with the purchase of components and spare parts are already paid by your customers.

Having invested about $ 500 in this business, you can count on a net profit of about $ 600 a month. Popular services earn from $ 900... But to expand, you will need to hire one or two more repairmen.

Printing on clothes

Despite a lot of competition, it is highly demanded. It will take $ 800-900 to rent a room and buy a heat press. And on such a business, you can get 300-400 dollars "clean" per month. And this is if you have a really small firm with one employee. If you expand and advertise about yourself, you can count on larger amounts.

Private cosmetologist (hairdresser, make-up artist, manicurist)

This work from home is a real business. Moreover, you do not need to spend money on the rental and arrangement of the salon. Only for your tools and consumables. To purchase quality tools and good products (cosmetics, balms, paints, etc.), you will need at least $ 900-1200. And the net profit will be from $ 1,000 per month.

Canteen

To open a small canteen for 20-30 seats, you will need about 24-25 thousand dollars (rent and repair of premises, documents, equipment, salary, food). The profitability of such an enterprise is $ 1500-2000 per month.

Carpet cleaning

First you need to spend money on equipment and effective detergents (vacuum cleaner, steamer, stain removers, etc.) and advertising. All this will cost approximately $ 2500-3000. And your net income will be $ 1500-2000 per month in the first year of work.

Making crafts at home (hand-made)

Making money on goods is not that difficult. What products are most popular?

Decorations;
Soap;
Candy cakes and bouquets;
Wooden dishes;
Handmade toys;
Candles;
Various souvenirs.

With small sales volumes, your net income will start at $ 150-200.

Photo and video filming to order

Weddings, corporate events and anniversaries are an inexhaustible source of clients. To work, you will need high-quality equipment (from $ 2,000) and advertising, since the competition is quite strong. In a month, if you have at least 7-8 orders, you can get 2-3 thousand dollars of net profit.

Dance studio

Starting a dance school from scratch is not easy, but dancing classes are incredibly popular. Therefore, such an enterprise will pay off quite quickly and will bring you income from 1.5 thousand dollars a month "clean".

Home web studio

Website development is a very lucrative niche. Especially if you offer full-cycle services: design creation, programming, content and website promotion. This business does not require any investments, except for intellectual and advertising... Can . A small studio of two or three people is capable of bringing in from 2 to 3 thousand dollars per month in net profit.

Daily rent of housing

This business is best suited for those who have their own house or apartment that can be rented out. You do a little renovation, advertise on the Internet and make a profit. By investing $ 300-400 in renovations, you can earn about $ 600 a month.

Distribution of promotional materials

A large company or entrepreneur would prefer to contact an advertising distribution company rather than looking for performers themselves. A small company with a staff of 8-10 people (couriers, promoters, pasting machines) will generate income in the region of $ 1,500 "net".

Creating a profitable website on the Internet

Money costs are minimal here - payment for hosting, domain name, advertising. But you have to work hard, and you should not count on profit in the first six months. But in six months or a year you will receive a source passive income at $ 200-300 per month. The promoted ones are able to bring monthly profit in tens of thousands of dollars.

Skype training and consultations

Only your own baggage of knowledge and skills. What can you do?

Teach foreign languages;
Provide psychological, legal, business advice;
Make up horoscopes, guess.

A stable income of $ 400-600 per month is guaranteed to you.

Custom-made furniture

It is not necessary to make exclusive furniture. Even ordinary tables, chairs, beds will be more profitable for the buyer than the assortment of most furniture showrooms.

Not sure where to start? Go shopping, evaluate what is the best demand, analyze prices. Start-up capital for home production, literally in my garage, it will be $ 200-300, but the net profit per month - from $ 400.

Hello, dear readers of the online magazine about money "RichPro.ru"! This article will focus on how how to write a business plan... This publication is a direct instruction to action that will allow you to turn a raw business idea into a confident one. step by step plan to implement a clear task.

We'll consider:

What is a business plan and what is it for;
How to draw up a business plan correctly;
How to structure it and write it yourself;
Ready business plans for small business - examples and samples with calculations.

At the end of the topic, we will show the main mistakes of aspiring entrepreneurs. There will be a lot of arguments in favor of creating quality and thoughtful a business plan that will bring your idea to life and success affairs in the future.

Also, this article will provide examples of ready-made works that you can simply use, or you can take as a basis for developing your project. Ready examples of the presented business plans can be download for free.

In addition, we will answer the most frequently asked questions and clarify why not everyone writes a business plan, if it is so necessary.

So let's start in order!

The structure of a business plan and the content of its main sections - a step-by-step guide to its preparation

7. Conclusion + related video 🎥

For every entrepreneur who wants to develop himself and develop his business, a business plan is very important. He performs many important functions that no other person can do otherwise.

With its help, you can secure financial support and open, develop your business much earlier than you can collect a significant amount for the business.

Investors generally react positively to a good, well-thought-out business plan written without errors, as they see this as a way of making money with all the invented and described troubles.

In addition, even before the opening of the establishment, you can see what awaits you. What risks are possible, what solution algorithms will be relevant in a given situation. This is not only favorable information for the investor, but also desired plan, if you get into trouble yourself. In the end, if the calculation of risks turns out to be too intimidating, you can redo a little, transform the general idea to reduce them.

Creating a good business plan Is an excellent solution for finding investment and developing your own action algorithms even in the most difficult situations, which are more than enough in business.

That is why, apart from your own efforts it is worth using "other people's brains"... A business plan implies a lot of sections and calculations, research and knowledge, only with successful operation, with which you can achieve success.

The ideal would be to study all aspects on your own. For this, it is not enough to sit and read the relevant literature. It is worth changing your social circle, referring to courses and trainings, finding specialists for advice on certain issues... This is the only way really figure it out in the situation and dispel all your doubts and delusions.

A business plan is worth writing for many reasons, however home Is a clear algorithm of actions by which you can quickly get from point A (your current position full of hopes and fears) to point B (in which you will already be the owner of your own successful business consistently and regularly generating income). This is the first step towards realizing dreams and confident middle class status.

If you still have questions, then perhaps you will find answers to them in the video: "How to draw up a business plan (for yourself and investors)".

That's all for us. We wish you all good luck in your business! We will also be grateful for your comments on this article, share your opinions, ask questions on the topic of publication.

It is a document that highlights all the characteristics future organization, analysis is carried out possible problems and risks, their prediction and methods by which it will be possible to avoid them.

Simply put, a business plan for an investor is the answer to the question "Do I need to finance a project or send it to the trash?"

Important! The business plan is drawn up on paper, taking into account some procedures and rules. Such presentation of the project to some extent materializes your idea, shows your desire and willingness to work. Also, the design on paper makes it easier for the investor to perceive the idea.

Self-preparation of a business plan

It is not so difficult to draw up a business plan yourself, you just need to carefully consider the idea. Before you grab a calculator and calculate your income, you need to take a few steps.

Identify the "pros" and "cons" of the idea. If the number of "cons" goes off scale - do not rush to give up. Some aspects can be turned in the opposite direction, think about ways to solve such "disadvantages".
Important characteristics competitiveness and market stability.
The sales market needs to be thought out to the smallest detail.
The payback of the product (service) and the time to receive the first profit will allow you to determine (approximately) the required amount for investment.

If, after such a superficial analysis, you do not want to leave your brainchild, then it's time to take clear sheet and start creating a business plan.

It's important to know! There is no single structure and step-by-step instructions on how to calculate a business plan. Therefore, the presence and order of items included in the plan is determined independently. However, experts have established the most optimal variant of the plan structure. If there is no experience in drawing up such documents, you need to use these recommendations in order to correctly compose the work.

The structure and procedure for drawing up a business plan

The structure of a good business plan, according to economists, should include 12 points. Each of them is described below.

Title page

The following parameters are specified here:

name of the project;
the name of the organization where the project is planned to be implemented, indicating phone numbers, addresses and other contact details;
the head of the above organization;
developer (team or leader) of a business plan;
date of preparation of the document;
it is allowed to put on the first sheet the most significant indicators of financial calculations for the project.

This document is required to protect the copyright of the idea and business plan. It reflects the reader's awareness that he is not entitled to distribute the information contained in the document without the permission of the author. There may also be an indication of the prohibition of copying, duplicating a document, transferring to another person, a requirement to return the read business plan to the author if the investor does not accept the agreement.

An example of a privacy memorandum can be seen below.

The next 2 sections of the plan - "Brief summary" and "Main idea of \u200b\u200bthe project" - are introductory. They can be used as a preliminary offer (for review) to partners and investors, until negotiations are scheduled.

Brief summary

Although a short summary of such a document is at the beginning, it is written in final stage, as a result. A resume is an abbreviated description of a project idea and a list of the most significant characteristics of the financial component.

The following questions will help here, answering which you can get a great resume:

What product does the company plan to sell?
Who would want to buy this product?
What is the planned sales (production) volume for the first year of the company's operation? What will be the revenue?
How much is the total cost of the project?
How will an enterprise be formed according to its organizational and legal form?
How many workers are you planning to attract?
What is the required amount of capital investments for the project?
What are the sources of funding for this project?
How much is the total profit (profitability) for a specific period, the payback period, the amount of funds at the end of the first year of operation of the enterprise, profitability. Net present value.

It's important to know! The resume is read by the investor first. Therefore, the further fate of the project depends on this section: the investor will either become interested or bored. This part should not exceed 1 page.

The main idea of \u200b\u200bthe project

What is the main project goal?
What are the tasks of the enterprise to achieve the main goal?
Are there barriers to your goal and how to get around them?
What exact actions does the author propose to perform in order to achieve a result and achieve a goal as soon as possible? What are these terms?

Important! It is necessary to provide clear, real and explicit arguments that confirm the confidence in the profitability and success of the project. The volume of this part is optimal within 1-2 pages.

In the same section, it is customary to use the conducted SWOT analysis. – assessment of strong, weak features of the enterprise, opportunities (prospects), as well as possible threats. It is hardly possible to make a business plan correctly and fully without such an analysis.

The SWOT analysis reflects 2 sides that affect the life of an organization: internal, which concerns the enterprise itself, and external (everything that is outside the company that it cannot change).

Do not forget: you describe an enterprise, not a product! A common mistake of authors is that they start writing product characteristics in the “strength” column.

Here are the parameters you can use to describe strengths or weaknesses:

high-tech production;
service and after sales service;
multifunctionality of the product (without affecting its specific properties);
the level of qualifications and professionalism of employees;
the level of technical equipment of the enterprise.

TO external factors ("Opportunities" and "threats") include:

market growth rates;
the level of competition;
the political situation in the region, country;
features of legislation,;
features of the consumer's solvency.

Example

Characteristics of the industry on the market

the dynamics of sales of similar products in the industry in recent years;
the growth rate of the market sector;
trends and features of pricing;
comprehensive assessment of competitors;
search and indication of new and young enterprises in the industry, as well as the characteristics of their activities;
description of the consumer market, their desires, intentions, requirements, opportunities;
assessment of the possible impact of scientific, social, economic aspects;
development prospects in the market.

The essence of the project

This section reveals the idea, the subject of the business plan. It also reflects the level of preparedness of the enterprise for going out, the availability of all the funds required for this.

The most important provisions in this section:

primary goals;
description of the target consumer segment;
key performance factors of market success;
detailed presentation of the product, the characteristics of which must be within the defined above market segment;
product development stage (if production is started), patent and copyright purity;
characteristics of the organization;
the total cost of the project, indicating the financing schedule by periods and investment amounts;
the required expenses of the initial period for the marketing campaign and the formation of a well-coordinated organizational structure.

Marketing plan

The tasks, goals of marketing policy and methods of their solution and achievement are indicated here. It is important to indicate which task is intended for which personnel, in what time frame it is required to complete it and with what tools. The funds needed for the latter must also be indicated.

Marketing plan Is a strategy, a set of sequential and / or simultaneous steps, created to attract consumers and provide effective return on their part.

The investor will be attentive to such points as:

well-developed system of comprehensive research and market analysis;
the planned volume of sales of goods (services) and its range, scheduled for time periods until the enterprise reaches full capacity;
ways to improve products;
description of product packaging and pricing policy;
procurement and sales system;
advertising strategy - clearly formulated and understandable;
planning service;
control over the implementation of the marketing strategy.

Production plan

Everything that relates directly to the creation of products is reflected in this part. Therefore, it is advisable to draw up this section only for those companies that plan not only distribution, but also production of products.

Points to be indicated:

required production capacity;
detailed interpretation technological process;
a detailed description of the operations assigned to subcontractors;
the necessary equipment, its characteristics, cost and method of purchase or lease;
subcontractors;
the required area for production;
raw materials, resources.

It is important to indicate the cost of everything that requires costs.

Organizational plan

At this stage, the principles of organizational strategic management company. If the enterprise already exists, then this item is still required: here the compliance of the existing structure with the intended goals is determined. The organizational part must certainly contain the following data:

name of the organizational and legal form (individual entrepreneur, JSC, partnership and others);
organizational management system, reflecting the structure in the form of a diagram, regulations and instructions, communication and dependence of departments;
founders, their description and data;
management team;
interaction with staff;
supplying the management system with the necessary material and technical resources;
location of the company.

Financial plan

This chapter of the business plan provides a cumulative economic assessment of the written project, accompanied by calculations of the level of profitability, payback periods, and financial stability of the enterprise.

The financial plan is very important for the investor, here he determines whether this project is attractive for him.

Here you need to do some calculations and summarize them:

Risk analysis

IN risk analysis the author must research the project and identify potential threats that could lead to a decrease in income. It is necessary to take into account financial, industry, natural, social and other risks. At the same time, it is necessary to develop a detailed and effective plan to prevent them or minimize the impact on the company. Therefore, the business plan must indicate:

a list of all potential problems;
a set of techniques and tools to prevent, eliminate or minimize risks;
models of the company's behavior in the event of events that do not contribute to its development;
justification of the low likelihood of such problems.

Applications

This is the last link in the structure of the business plan. It includes documents, quotes, sources, copies of contracts, agreements, references, letters from consumers, partners, statistics data, calculation tables used in compiling of this document... The attachments in the text of the business plan need to include references and footnotes.

General requirements for the document

it is necessary to write a business plan in a clear, concise language, without long and complex wording;
the desired volume is 20-25 pages;
the business plan must cover all the information required by the investor in full;
the document must necessarily be based on real facts, reasonable rational proposals;
the plan must have a strategic foundation: rigorous, delineated and complete, with clear targets;
interconnectedness, complexity and consistency are important features of drawing up a plan;
the investor must see the future, the prospects for the development of the project idea;
the flexibility of the business plan is a significant plus. If you can make adjustments, amendments to the written project are a nice bonus for the investor;
conditions and regimes of control over the functioning of the enterprise should become part of the business plan.

Making a business plan from scratch without the help of a specialist is not easy, but possible. It is important to adhere to the above rules, build structure and avoid mistakes.

The most common mistakes

Illiterate syllable

The rules of the language cannot be ignored. It often happens that the most incredible and promising idea flies into the basket along with a bunch of plans for incompetent IP people. And all because mistakes in spelling, vocabulary, punctuation and poor presentation of the text completely discourage any investor.

Sloppy design

The design should be the same throughout the document: bullets, headings, lists, font, size, numbering, spacing, etc. Contents, headings, numbering, titles of figures and tables, designation of data on columns are required!

Incomplete plan

In order to correctly draw up a business plan, you need a comprehensive amount of information. The above sections of the document are the minimum that should be unconditionally included in the project.

Vague plan

The work should be "like in a pharmacy on the scales." Clear, definite, specific statements of goals and (important!) Ideas.

Too many details

The abundance of technical, financial, marketing terms will only help in exams. Only the most significant details need to be selected for the business plan. If there is a great need for a thorough description of a process, then you can put it into an application.

Unrealistic data

Such business proposals are based on assumptions. Therefore, the author needs to rationally approach the idea and have a grounded background, a real reason, supported by calculations.

Few facts

For each assumption - its own rationale - real, valid. Facts add meaning and confidence to work. A fountain of facts is also not worth arranging, and if you are carried away, then we look at the rule about details.

"We have no risks!"

The main rule: there is no business without risk. There is no such business in which "peace and quiet". The investor knows this, and the author must know it too. Therefore, it is time to descend from the clouds to the earth and study, research, analyze.

"And we have no competitors either!"

There is always a competitor, like risk. It can be direct or indirect. Study this topic carefully and meticulously, and an opponent will surely appear on the horizon, waving a pen at you.

Neglecting outside help

Creating a business plan yourself does not mean doing absolutely everything yourself. Moreover, obtaining a high-quality result is possible through the joint efforts of several specialists. Do not be afraid of helpers!

Your future project. How to write a business plan? The step-by-step instructions in this article will help in this matter.

Business plan objectives

The writing of a business plan can be different depending on why you need it. One of the most common purposes is to present it for investment. Such a business plan for a project is the most difficult one. Often third parties are involved in writing it - specialists in their field who will create a suitable business plan for the investor's approval.

It happens that the manager instructs to write a business plan for the company, for example, for opening a branch. In this case, too, they often turn to third-party specialists in drawing up such plans. Ultimately, the contractor may only need to make some adjustments for the needs of the company.

Well, when a business plan is necessary to start your own business, it is best to write it from cover to cover yourself. This is a difficult process, but exciting and very interesting. After all, your own business is a real brainchild of an entrepreneur. And therefore, their creation is treated very reverently and thoroughly. The article provides instructions on how to draw up a business plan for your business.

Initial idea

Basically, those who decide to open their own enterprise have already chosen and are well aware of their field of activity. But there are entrepreneurs who want to have their own business, but do not yet clearly know what they will be doing. They are looking for a business idea. It is difficult to overestimate its importance. The idea should fit the interests and desires of the entrepreneur himself.

It can be a favorite business, which a person is ready to do even for free, or a business that already brings guaranteed income. In any case, having chosen a niche for yourself, it is important to no longer be distracted by anything else and not dream of unattainable peaks, but step by step to bring your real idea to life. A business plan will really help in this matter.

How to write a business plan? Step-by-step instruction

So, having imagined what the future business will be, you can proceed to writing a business plan. There are special planning standards. Therefore, if it will be submitted for investment, you should choose an appropriate standard and adhere to it when writing.

To figure out how to write a business plan, step-by-step instruction and generally accepted standards will serve well as they are validated by people with a professional knowledge of these matters. An entrepreneur will be able to sort through his, perhaps not yet fully formed thoughts and bring his business to life.

A standard business plan consists of the following chapters:

General Provisions.
Market analysis.
Marketing and strategic plan.
Costs.
Production plan.
Investments.
Financial plan.

Summary

Here the essence of the matter, a description of a business idea, information about its objective necessity in the market, terms of implementation, and competitiveness should be briefly displayed.

Of course, this part is more intended for potential investors. It is they who, after reading the resume, conclude whether it is worth reading this plan further or not. Therefore, if it is supposed to be presented to the investor, it is necessary to carefully describe this part, perhaps returning to it again and again, making adjustments after the compilation of the following chapters.

However, for their own needs, this part is also important, since it helps the entrepreneur to better see the whole process of organizing the business as a whole.

General Provisions

If the resume is written approximately one - maximum two pages, then this chapter can be written in more detail. That is, in fact, the chapter "General Provisions" contains the same information as the summary, but in a more detailed form invites the reader to get acquainted with the project as a whole.

It describes the characteristics and implementation of the project, its life cycle, the possibility of additional development and the forecast of product changes with a possible change in the market trend.

The service business plan in this chapter should contain information about what the particular service is and how it will attract customers. For example, a business plan describes all the proposed services, their characteristics and distinctive features. An attractive feature here will be the legend about how celebrities undergo procedures in the salon or how individual specialists provide them with these services, how specialists were trained directly with the brand of product with which they work.

Market analysis

In parallel with writing a business plan or before drawing it up, it is necessary to conduct a market analysis. This is an extremely important part, because the success of the future project directly depends on it.

Having chosen a market niche and target audience, conduct a thorough analysis in order to identify how relevant the project's business plan, the initial proposal and its idea are. If the analysis reveals an excess of supply, then it is worth returning to the idea and trying to correct it in such a way that it matches the state of affairs in the market. If there is an increased demand, then everything is in order, and you can safely proceed to further actions.

Market analysis is done in different ways. But if there are problems with its implementation, there are companies where you can outsource market analysis.

Nevertheless, it is recommended that the entrepreneur figure out this issue himself, since any third-party organizations will give only an objective average result, not fully taking into account the business plans of small businesses and all the nuances of the business idea of \u200b\u200bthe author of the project.

Marketing and strategic planning

This plan includes bringing the product to market, its development, pricing, sales and distribution system, and advertising. To display a product, it is advisable to build a Gantt chart, which will display the dates of implementation of various activities. Based on the analysis of the market and competitiveness, a strategy is calculated, how the market will be conquered and what tactical actions will be required for implementation.

Pricing is based on economic calculations and the expected income of the company. Sales and distribution can be represented in the form of a diagram, where the entire process will be visible in stages. For example, from the receipt of goods at the warehouse and to the receipt of money for the goods and their sale.

Costs and production schedule

This chapter includes the purchase of the necessary equipment, repairs, rental of premises and other costs. In the production schedule, it is necessary to reflect how many people are required to implement the project, their work schedule, deductions wages and related payments.

They will become much more attractive for the investor if there is a ready-made team that will work on the project, as this proves the entrepreneur's ability to implement his plans. Therefore, it will be appropriate to emphasize this fact in the business plan.

Production plan

If the company will be a manufacturing company, then here it is necessary to describe the production process, as well as partners and suppliers who will be involved in the case. For example, the farm business plan in this chapter should include equipment for milking, bottling, packaging milk and a mechanism for marketing it through specific suppliers.

Financial plan and investment

The most critical part of the entire business plan is, of course, the financial plan. Moreover, if the project is intended for the investor's acquaintance, then after reading the resume, a serious investor will most likely look at the financial plan. After all, it is here that the entrepreneur's real ability to implement business ideas will be visible. This is the essence of entrepreneurial activity.

The financial plan contains all the information about the possible costs and income of the project. Based on marketing, strategic plan and costs, a table is drawn up for several years, which displays the required investments and the schedule for their repayment, all costs and possible income.

The final part financial plan there must be a calculation of the profitability of the future business.

The reader now knows how to write a business plan. The step-by-step instructions provided in this article are a short tutorial demonstrating the importance of understanding goals and the need for business planning.

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