Personal subsidiary farming Growing mushrooms. Growing mushrooms as a business. Where better to grow mushrooms

Mushrooms are a fairly popular product in the cooking of many countries. Dishes are prepared both in catering establishments and at home. Today we want to talk about the prospects that the entrepreneur gives the cultivation of mushrooms as a permanent or additional business. There are several technologies that do not require large labor costs and material investments. However, it is impossible to achieve this success in the cultivation and sale of mushrooms without having mastered some of the secrets of such an enterprise.

Business - growing mushrooms, the tempting that they can do it without a separation from the main work. This is explained by such factors:

Plantations do not require continuous care, and there is no need to stay near them;
Knowledge can be enough those contained in public literature;
The cultivation skills are pretty quickly;
Every majority of private houses are needed in production. The missing supplies can be purchased at a finished form, at a low price.

As a basic business, grow mushrooms, entrepreneurs begin infrequently. Large volumes of crop for a beginner often become unable, and a young business ends, instead of development and prosperity. In addition, finding permanent wholesale buyers is difficult. Only in the presence of contracts with large trading networks, restaurants, preparations can be developed to business to the level of the average economy. On how to grow mushrooms in production and at home we will tell.

Technology growing mushrooms

Usually for sale practiced to grow champignons, oysteries or whale. The simplest technology is to grow oyster. For commercial purposes, it is reasonable to cultivate mushrooms all year round indoors. The cultivation of mushrooms in the basement is common, but the usual economic premises can be suitable, which can be soaked. The room must be divided into two parts. Muinnitsa will grow in one of them, and in another harvest itself for sale. Before landing mycelium at home, walls, floor and ceiling are treated with lime and ventilate well.

Mushrooms grow in a special substrate, which is made from the husks of sunflower seeds, sawdust, straw and other Material for the ground-grade is crushed and covered with boiling water. The finished substrate is placed in polyethylene bags. I also close mycelium. All over the diameter of the bag make holes, with a step of about 15 cm.

The first stage of the germination of mushrooms is a month, at a temperature of 20 degrees and humidity of air close to 100%. After this time, the bags are transferred to the room with a temperature regime of 12-18 degrees.

In the room you need to ensure ventilation and timely moisturizing. There are special devices for this, but at the beginning of the activity, the entrepreneur can take advantage of the usual buckets with water and a household fan.

Freeze mushrooms in bags you need 12 hours a day. To do this, luminescent lamps are installed in the room.

Works in the room, even at home, always need to be performed in personal protective equipment. Through the respiratory tract to the human body can penetrate harmful disputes that cause an allergic cough.

After harvesting, the substrate is changed in bags. From one bag weighing 10 kg, about 3 kg of mushrooms are usually collected. In the year, the yield of such a plantation is from 80 to 100 kg of finished product.

It will be a little more expensive to grow. The technology is characterized in that the substrate is impregnated with water with the addition of jam, corn flour or starch. So mushrooms will receive all the vitamins you need for growth. It is possible to plant mycelium not only in bags, but in banks. The cultivation of champignons requires even more than graceful soil - compost. Mushroom pickers with experience prepare it for themselves, and the beginning of the entrepreneur is better to buy it in the finished form.

A separate article deserves the technology that provides for the cultivation of mushrooms in natural conditions on the stump. Mushrooms do not give large yields in such conditions from the point of view of commerce, but due to its ecology, the product is in demand in certain segments of the population and can be parallel to the additional business. The agricultural equipment of growing mushrooms on the stump is quite time-consuming, which is compensated by the relevant price of the product.

How to start the production of mushrooms?

We have already written in our own exercise business for the cultivation of mushrooms in its own utility room. To develop the production of broader scales, it will be possible to rent a spacious room: a former barber or warehouse. On average, for the placement of 15 tons of substrate in 10 kg bags will need 500 sq.m. Square. Special repair premises will not require, but it is better to seal the seams so that there are no drafts. The plant for growing mushrooms is equipped with a system of ventilation and lighting. In the process of growing, the mushrooms use fertilizers and compositions to combat disease.

Indoors necessarily install racks. They will most likely need to be made to order, taking into account the characteristics of a particular production area.

Mushrooms in bags usually have both on the floor and on racks. So the payback of rental costs will be faster. The obligatory expenses of the company include:

Salary of workers;
Costs for lighting and heating;
Fare.

With considering monthly expenses and depreciation of purchased equipment 100 ton production can bring its owner 10 thousand dollars a month. In any case, start a business better from small areas, and better - own.

We have already mentioned that constant wholesale buyers are one of the deposits of success in mushroom business. Exercise paths can be several:

In catering establishment: cafes, restaurants, dining rooms at rest bases, sanatoriums;
In supermarkets and trading networks;
The realization of dealers in the market (recommended for products grown on the stump).

Another article of income accompanying the fungal business is the implementation of the spent contents of the bags. The substrate serves as a beautiful feed for livestock and fertilizer for the garden.

How much can you earn on growing mushrooms

The cultivation of mushrooms refers to high-cost business, the indicators of which at a competent organization exceed 250%. The average profitability indicators are 80% of the cost.

How much money is required for start

The size of the initial investment depends on the Growing method used: automatic or manual. The most common and inexpensive method is the use of mycelium in bags or special containers. To implement such a business idea, no more than 30 thousand rubles will be required. If the entrepreneur has the ability to run large-scale cultivation of mushrooms worth using special briquettes. With automated cultivation, investments will be from 100 thousand rubles:

Rental premises (if necessary) - 30 thousand rubles;
Acquisition of briquettes - 60 thousand rubles;
Business registration and other expenses - 10 thousand rubles.

How to choose equipment for growing mushrooms

Equipment is purchased after selecting the cultivation technique. Using manual labor There is no need to buy special devices and devices. Enough room equipped with racks, hooks for hanging bags.
Automated process requires purchase:

Climate control systems;
Elements for mounting ventilation and watering;
Conveyor.

Which OKVED indicate when registering activities

In accordance with the updated all-Russian classifier of activities in the registration of mushroom growing, the OKVED code 01.12 indicates.

What documents will be required to create a business

Registration of individual entrepreneurship is a rational way of legalizing activities. For registration B. tax inspection A stationary package of documents is provided.

Marathon on which you create passive income in live air from scratch and recognize specific investment strategies in apartments, houses, garages, cars and even profitable sites

To begin

Growing mushrooms as a business suitable for an entrepreneur with a small starting capital. Mirbivoye has all the prospects to grow into an income case, subject to investments in it, not only money, but also of professional knowledge.

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The relevance of business for growing mushrooms

Niche for the cultivation of mushrooms is actively studied by entrepreneurs. This is due to the fact that the business does not require high costs at the start, and the products have year-round high demand. Despite the obvious relevance of this kind of activity, currently the market can be called low-competitive.

Compared to the cultivation of other plant crops, mushroom production does not require the construction of special expensive greenhouses. In addition, the cultivation technology itself is quite simple and can be mastered even inexperienced entrepreneur. All this allows you to quickly earn and emphasize the investment.

Growing mushrooms becomes profitable for the following reasons:

there is no need to ensure expensive care;
it is possible to organize a small farm at home;
fast harvesting speed: from 3 weeks;
there are winter season "High prices".

Before organizing business on the cultivation of mushrooms, you should decide on their assortment and species, each of which requires special care.

What mushrooms to choose for cultivation?

SHAMPIGNO Weshes White Truffle Mushrooms

In the Russian market, the following types of fungi are most often chosen for cultivation:

oysteries;
champignon;
forest mushrooms;
truffles.

Oyshemes are very popular and most unpretentious appearance. Attracts an entrepreneur-novice with its high yield: from one square meter you can collect up to 14 kg of mushrooms. At the same time, the first collection is possible in a month. Wees are a valuable view containing a plurality of nutrients and vitamins. However, in the process of cultivation, some of its disadvantages are manifested.

Disadvantages of oysters:

fragility: This mushroom is hard to transport long distances;
demanding to a special temperature mode and the most fast delivery;
unselected mushroom fragrance;
possible allergic to disputes.

Many mushrooms converge in the opinion that champignons are harder than the oysholes. They require a special quality mycelium and a nutrient medium. In addition, mushrooms require special humidity and temperature regime. Champignons grow in racks and boxes. During the month, they achieve the necessary growth and after three months they are already collecting their harvest.

The most common for breeding from forest mushrooms is white. This is the most valuable mushroom taste, which can be grown only when creating the conditions of the natural environment. The germination of this species is possible only in symbiosis with the roots of trees, so the cultivation of a white mushroom occurs in groves and coniferous forests.

The cultivation of truffles is supercrowded and at the same time. They grow under oaks. Shoots are placed in sterile conditions and then disappear into the farm. Mushroom requires special, enriched with various elements, compost.

According to the reviews of entrepreneurs, it should be started with the most unpretentious, but from this no less delicious and nutrient fungi, - oyster. In the future, the production of truffles and some types of forest mushrooms can also be organized.

Required conditions for growing madges and.

Market Description and Analysis

Until 2014, the mushroom market in Russia almost fully consisted of imported products. After the introduction of restrictions on importation, foreign products reduced their volumes, which made it possible to increase the cost of domestic producers grown by its own mushrooms, without reducing demand. For 2015, the Journal of School of Mirbivodstvo published data on increasing oxide production by 17% compared with the data for 2014 of the same period.

To date, the market volume in Russia is about 60 thousand tons. To cover import substitution requires about 160 thousand tons of mushrooms. Such data, together with a low level of competition in the market, are a good indicator to the organization of their own farm.

The market analysis shows that the demand of products depends on the location. Most successful for earnings are small cities and even arid settlements - those places where forests grown in natural mushroom conditions are also small.

The most common mushrooms in Russia champignons and oysteries in Russia. The most popular format of this business is small farm, with yield from 3-5 tons per year.

The largest Russian producer of the cascade oysteries is located in the Rostov region. The central, Volga and Southern Federal Districts are becoming in front of production.

According to the data marketing research "The analysis of the world and russian markets Mushrooms and mushroom products. The forecast until 2014, ", Eventus Consulting the volume of domestic production should grow by 2.5-3 times.

Basins:

relatively slight consumption of fungi per person and the potential for the growth of this indicator;
the possibility of competing by manufacturers for the price and types of products;
height economic indicators And the desire of K. healthy image Lifestyle of the population.

The target audience

The target audience of this kind of activity becomes both individuals from 30 years, seeking healthy and diverse nutrition and large enterprises, suppliers.

Among them:

grocery stores and supermarkets;
catering enterprises;
zooprinth;
mushroom firms wholesalers.

Competitive advantages

The competitive environment of this area is currently possible to determine as low. Nevertheless, the market is developing, and its own advantages should be determined.

They can be:

constant support for high quality and freshness of products;
uninterrupted delivery of mushrooms;
monitoring and introducing new technologies in production;
using only proven suppliers of mycelium;
opportunity to work with both legal and individuals;
discounts on wholesale purchases;
flexible pricing policy.

To minimize losses and providing an additional assortment to the buyer, an entrepreneur can open its own line of processing mushrooms or manufacture of semi-finished products.

Advertising campaign

To promote the product on the market, it should be made from it a recognizable brand with its history. The basis for the formation of the company's image is the presence of an informative site with product characteristics and corporate identity elements.

name;
logo;
corporate video with frames of production and products.

For work S. legal entities and representatives of large retail chains important:

make information materials of good quality;
develop a presence strategy in the online environment;
develop methods of additional competitive advantages.

For promotion among individuals can be used:

placement of outdoor advertising at sales points;
carrying out shares and tastings;
the development of social Networks and attracting non-standard content.

Step-by-step instruction of the opening of a mushroom farm

To implement the Ideas for the cultivation of mushrooms at home, it is necessary:

Analyze the market.
Create a detailed business plan.
Pass the state registration And to choose the form of taxation.
Select mycelium and find substrate suppliers.
Earn compost manufacturing technology.
Find and prepare the room.
Run the growing products and adjust the technology.
To search for sales channels.
Conduct products and build contacts with wholesale customers.

Documentation

Business registration involves the possibility of registration in several forms:

Individual Entrepreneurship (IP);
Limited Liability Company (LLC);
Peasantic farm economy (KFH).

The form of the PI allows both growing and selling mushrooms.

a certified application for a notary in form No. 21001;
application for the transition to the Eskhn or USN (otherwise it will be by default);
copy of all passport pages.

The form of LLC makes it possible to attract additional financial assets through state programs and loans.

Requires the following documents for registration:

statement in form No. 21001;
charter LLC;
decision on the opening of LLC or the Protocol, if there are several founders (partners);
receipt of payment of state duty;
certified by the notary copies of passports of founders;
the application for the transition to the ESKHN or USN (the default will be general).

KFH is a simplified form of LLP (limited liability partnership), as well as IP and Ltd. is entitled to legal force.

OKVED codes, under which the business of growing fungi falls:

01.13 "Growing vegetables, mesh, root and tuberfold crops, fungi and truffles";
01.13.6 "Growing mushrooms and truffles."

After growing a party of mushrooms, you need to get documents for products.

Namely:

quality certificate;
declaration of compliance with Gosstandart;
phytosanitary certificate;
conclusion of radiological research.

Merbal farm room

The organization of mushrooms is advantageous including, due to the lack of high costs of searching and preparing the premises.

At home, a suitable room can be:

basement;
barn;
cottage or village house;
abandoned agricultural or industrial buildings.

Basic requirements for the premises:

air temperature from 12-25 ° C;
air humidity at least 85%;
availability of communications: electricity and water supply;
connected heating and ventilation.

For small rooms, additional air humidification is required. However for large production A special system of moisturizing and air conditioning is required. Inside large rooms also use cultivation chambers that allow you to maintain an optimal microclimate.

Production zones:

warm zone for the extension of mycelium with watering system and good ventilation;
cool zone for planting mushrooms.

If the compost is planned to be manufactured independently, then it is necessary to organize an additional zone with chopper and equipment for pasteurization.

Equipment and inventory

For growing fungi at home, equipment and inventory are required:

Name	Number, pcs.	price, rub.	Amount, rub.
Crusher Molotovaya
Humidifier
Heater
Steam generator
Exhaust fan
Pasteurization container
Polyethylene bags
Pork gardeners
Formalin solution, kg
Shopping boxes
refrigerators compartment

Crusher hammer 35 000 rub. Air humidifier 20 000 rub. Steam generator 38 000 rub. Polyethylene bag 250 rub.

For large production, you will need additional equipment:

climatic installations depending on the grown species;
autoclave for the manufacture of mycelium;
special equipment for the extraction of mushroom fruit bodies;
substrate preparation machines;
racks for equipment equipment;
packaging equipment.

Mycelium

To approach the choice of mycelium is especially careful, since the yield and income of the entrepreneur depends on its quality.

Mycelium is a sowing material that is a vegetative body of mushrooms consisting of thin, branched threads called gifami.

Purchase mycelium is only in specialized laboratories companies. At the initial stage it is recommended to be purchased from several suppliers with a good reputation and conclude on the basis of your own experience.

The choice of the supplier is carried out by the following criteria:

availability of licenses and quality certificates;
availability positive feedback from buyers;
product quality;
the average market value.

The storage period of mycelium to 120 days at a temperature of +2 degrees, so its procurement is carried out several times a year.

When buying, you should pay attention to the following product characteristics:

strain and mushroom grade;
speed and percentage of grains;
shelf life;
resistance to mold;
internal temperature + 20-22 degrees;
no black or green spots with ammonia smell.

Mycelium is used to prepare the substrate. Over time, it can be made independently. This process is quite complicated and requires additional premises and professional skills. However, components for the substrate inexpensive, therefore, with a skillful approach, the manufacture of the sowing material can significantly save costs.

The main stages of the preparation of the substrate at home:

Straw or sawdust are sealed in hot water at the rate of 1 kg of mycelium per 10 kg of substrate.
The resulting mixture is cooled, combined with mycelium and placed in polyethylene bags. Mycelium is crushed without opening the packages and equalize its temperature with the substrate. The Mycelium tab and the opening of the package is produced in sterile conditions with a disinfecting solution.
In the bags obtained, a clean object, at an angle of 45 degrees, make holes 0.5 cm at a distance of 10-15 cm. Mushroom blocks are installed so that the sides with the slots are ventilated and not on the side of the wall.
Bags 10-12 kg are sent to the shelves of the room without penetration of light at a temperature of + 18-20ºС. During the incubation period, the room is not ventilated. It is mandatory for a daily cleaning with chloride solutions.

Staff

Often, the production of breeding mushrooms begins how family business. This reduces wages and allows not to worry about employee responsibility.

However, the expansion of production will require additional personnel of qualified specialists. On average, 1 worker is required to collect up to 100 kg per day.

Thus, the composition of the staff of the mushroom farm:

Position	Number of people	Salary, rub.	Monthly payment fund, rub.
Working production
Stuffing worker

The duties of work is included:

harvesting;
tracking processes of cultivation and timely adjustment;
reporting;
creation of conditions for productive operation of production;
formation of applications for the purchase of mycelium and breeding compost.

The auxiliary worker is the main assistant of production and performs operational instructions of the head.

Financial plan

Mirbye belongs to business with average costs at the start. The magnitude of investments, regular costs and income depends on scheduling. Drawing up a financial plan with accurate numbers will help calculate the main indicators and make the project profitable. Download ready business plan It is possible on many sites, but all the indicators should be adjusted under the specifics of a particular region.

How much does it cost to open a mushroom farm?

Start costs will be:

Article expenditure	price, rub.
Rental premises
Repair and Conducting Communications
Purchase mycelium and substrate
Procurement equipment
Registration of the enterprise and receiving the necessary licenses

Search for sales channels and contacting contacts
Other types of expenses, including unforeseen
Remuneration of staff for the first month

Regular costs

Monthly cost articles will be:

Revenues

To calculate returns per month, determine income from one cycle. In the year of such cycles can be 4-6.

10 tons of substrate give about 2 tons of mushrooms. Average vacation price 150 p. per kilogram. Thus, net profit per month will be 150 thousand rubles.

Business income per month 42 thousand rubles.

Calendar plan

The system of launching an enterprise is designed for 4 months. A feature of the calendar plan will be obtaining additional certificates for products that are possible only after growing the first batch. Similarly, with the establishment of sales channels.

Stage	1 month.	2 months.	3 months	4 months	5 months.
Market analysis	+	+
Business Plan Preparation		+
Document package design		+
Getting additional permits		+			+
Rental premises		+
Repair work		+	+
Purchase and equipment inventory		+	+
Personnel search		+
Sales channels					+
Opening				+

Risks and payback

The payback period of the project during stable yield and the organized market is 16 months.

After the project is released, the following perspectives can be allocated to the break-even point:

increase the selling price of products;
increasing production;
expansion of species;
the presence of additional sales channels and wholesale customers.

Like any business related to the cultivation of products, mushroom production is associated with certain risks.

Risks and ways to minimize them:

Unrealized product and spanking of the commodity type. You should think over the sales channels in advance and purchase a refrigeration chamber for short-term storage products.
Insufficient yield. The biodeadow market should be studied and, if necessary, change the supplier of mycelium.
Unforeseen costs associated with the lack of experience. It will help the study of special literature and dating in order to exchange experience.
Rising competition. It is necessary to monitor the balance of the "price - quality" balance and work on the expansion of the service.

Business with low competition is attractive for entrepreneur, as highly profitable. But often connected with the unavaorescence of Niche and the lack of professional knowledge at the organizer itself. Systematic study of the specifics of activity and operational change negative factors will lead to business expansion and its successful operation.

In search of the idea for own business Many come to growing mysteries at home. In this material, we will consider in detail the costs, profitability and reviews of this activity. Is it worth it effort or serious investments and a large enterprise?

Advantages and disadvantages

This business is in many aspects the ideal option for beginners to familiarize yourself with entrepreneurship. It requires minimal start-up capital and allows you to start working with small volumes, with time increasing them. Moreover, it is possible to grow mushrooms at the very beginning and exclusively for personal use, and as soon as the technology is debugged, go to the market.

The following advantages should also be noted:

You can grow mushrooms both in rural areas and in urban.
High harvest in demand.
The widest possible development and expansion of the business.
No need for employeesat least in the first stages.
No need for a wide list of business contacts.
Relatively stable income.

Among the minuses, the problem with the realization of truly large lots of mushrooms (the truth will not begin the problem will not soon, it all depends on the growth rates). Also need at least minimal knowledge on the subject (they can be accumulated in the process).

It should be noted such an important factor as seasonality. In the summer and autumn, sales often go on a decline, and starting from the middle of winter, when the population's own stocks end up, the demand is growing.

Causes of selection of weekends

Leaving aside nutritional, taste and utility, it is worth noting that compared to more popular chanters, thickens, champignons and other, oysteries are enough to grow enough, and the growth rate is high. If in natural conditions the crop of mushrooms can be obtained in 2-2.5 months, then in artificial this period is shrinking twice.

Fruit cultures in a few waves, the weight of one cluster can reach 200 grams, and the record holders grow up to a few kilograms, and even more.

An individual plus it is worth noting that the mushroom can grow almost on any substrate: on the stump, straw, wood sawdust, even the husk from sunflower. In some countries, the weighs are grown even on paper waste. Modern technologies allow you to expand this list even more.

Selection of sales market

Among the most obvious options:

Independent sale in the markets. In this case, you will have to get acquainted by finding free shopping place, make and competently place advertising, attract the attention of potential buyers. Implementation in this case goes in retail rates. As an advantage - the ability to establish our own prices with a loan for competitors, if those are.
Implementation through grocery stores and supermarkets. In each fairly large city there is a trading network or a separate point that will be interested in the wholesale purchase of mushrooms. Unfortunately, most often they offer very low prices. Over time, it will be possible to switch to more favorable terms of cooperation, and the recruited base of regular buyers will remain with you, even if we break collaboration with the trading point.
Sale restaurants. Mushrooms traditionally enjoy in great demand in restaurants. The reason is simple - such institutions are prepared only from the freshest products. Collaboration will allow large batch of mushrooms quickly and profitably. The remaining can be sold on the first or second method.

Needless to say, what kind of option is not decided to resort, the grown mushrooms must necessarily be of the highest quality.

Registration of enterprises

Before starting work, you should register a business. This requires to select the OKVED code 01.12.31.

This type of business implies three options. legal form: IP, LLC or KFH, that is, the peasant farming. All three have their advantages and cons. This form, as a personal subsidiary farm in this case, will not suit.

IP

It makes it possible to grow mushrooms and sell harvest.

To register, you will need to pay the state duty in the amount of 800 rubles, apply for the transition to USN or the USNX, as well as to prepare a statement in the form of 21001, which will be required to assure the notary.

On photocopies of all significant passport pages should be worried in advance.

Ltd

Gives the right to attract investments through loans for agriculture And through the state programs.

For registration it is necessary to pay state duty in the amount of 4000 rubles, to submit a statement No. 21001, prepare the charter of the LLC and the decision to open it, assure a copy of the passports of all founders from the notary of the notary of passports, write an application for the transition to the chosen tax form.

The authorized capital of the enterprise must be at least 10,000 rubles.

Documentation

The documentary design of his own farm has an important role in this case. Receiving a special certificate of fungal business in Russia does not provide.

However, in order to become a successful seller of its products, the result of a laboratory study will be required. You can get it in the food laboratory. Her employees are often asked to prepare the security protocol. For him, it is already necessary to make analysis for the presence of radioactive substances and heavy metals.

Documentary registration of cultivation of madges on an industrial scale (albeit in its own basement) is an overhead and non-burst. Moreover: As a result, the protocol will be required to be updated every 3 months.

Select room

The choice of premises to create a mushroom plantation should be carried out as responsibly. It is preferable to choose enough wet, but not too hot place. If we are talking about the very beginning of the business, then a basement or cellar can come up. As the case develops, you can purchase and re-equip old cowpers, vegetable stores and similar buildings. In the extreme case, you can buy a special greenhouse.

Requirements for the room:

Residual moisture.
High-quality ventilation, but without drafts (if any other option is not suitable, you can do several holes in the bottom of the wall and stretch the hood).
The ability to adjust the temperature (especially relevant in the winter).
Mandatory disinfection before starting landing.

A few words about the size of the room. The wagon placed about 20 tons of compost for growing. In order to fully distribute it and put it entirely into the case, the area of \u200b\u200b200 with small square meters will be required. The internal space is divided into sections in which multi-level (depending on the height of the ceiling) racks.

Each farm must have at least two passages. In the first, the collected harvest will be exported, it can be done narrower, the second must be very wider - the soil loading will be carried out.

Among the additional premises you can select a boiler room, a couple of refrigerators for storing the collected mushrooms, the area for packaging and a variety of technical plan rooms: cabins, toilet and others. As a result, the total farm area grows up to almost 1-1.5 thousand square meters. Of course, at first it is possible to do with more modest premises.

If it is planned to grow oysters year-round and completely on their own, you will have to envisage several additional rooms:

The room for inoculation, where the mushroom blocks will be formed from the finished substrate in the bags, in which the mycelium appears.
Incubation premises for the extension of mycelium.
The cultivation premises for the extension of the fruit body (the largest room, the blocks are riveted on the rods, laid out on multi-tiered racks or suspended).

The first thing that will be needed is a high-quality ventilation and air conditioning system that will be used to maintain the optimal temperature and humidity.

For additional heating, water heating boilers are used in winter. Ideally, it is recommended to purchase several full-fledged climatic installations that will help regulate the parameters of the atmosphere for mushrooms at different stages of maturation.

Refrigerated chambers are used to store finished products. It is very important that they retain mushrooms only for a period of three days. In addition, for proper circulation of air, they must be filling out no more than half.

For premises, a large number of racks will be required. Also, depending on the specific grade for production, bags or boxes will be required.

Staff

The overwhelming duties are assigned to the owner. It was he, at least at the start, deals with delivery and sales issues. Very often at the beginning of work, when several relatives are engaged in the case, one is responsible for the supply of deliveries, while the rest are directly involved in growing, fertilizer, landing, etc.

As the farm grows and the expansion of the production of mushrooms, it becomes more complicated to cope with everything. At a certain stage, the invitation of new employees in his small business will become an urgent need. However, there are no special requirements for employees in this matter - they will only need conscientiousness, the absence of bad habits and the availability of a medical record.

Given that none educational institution The country does not have the Department of Mushroom Studies, find a qualified specialist will be simply impossible. Of course, there is always a chance that an experienced person falls. In this case, it is extremely recommended to establish its wages depending on the production.

What the total number of employees for breeding will be required, to say difficult. On the cultivation of mad at home will be enough and one helper. If we are talking about the crop in the centner daily, it will be necessary to attract at least a couple of employees.

At the same time, they will be engaged only by the mushrooms themselves, while for the sale of products, the preparation of raw materials for production and to the position of an accountant will require additional forces. Of course, one person will be able to combine several roles if desired.

Approximate calculation

Exemplary analysis of expenses and income large enterprise can be seen in the table.

	*Primary expenses*	*Sum*
1	Rent or buying a land or building site	1 000 000 rubles
2	Buying equipment	500 000 rubles
3	Registration of enterprises, advertising costs	100 000 rubles
	*Monthly spending*
1	Salary of employees	150 000 rubles
2	Advertising	5 000 rubles
3	Service costs	15 000 rubles
	*Revenues*
1	Profit from processing at a wholesale price of 1 kg of mushrooms in 14 rubles	1 400 000 rubles

Here it should be noted at once two important points:

These calculations imply work with a large farm, in which there is about 100 tons of compost for growing, in the event of a decrease in scale, the costs will become less.
Data is given at the same time processing cycle, there may be up to four them in the year.

Summarizing all of the above, it can be noted that net profit for one two-month cultivation cycle will be up to 780 thousand rubles. As a result, according to experts, the full payback period of the oyster farm will be about two years.

Those who wish can download one more.

Competition and risks

Separately, it is worth noting the issue of competition. Currently, its level on the market can be estimated as low enough, which is associated with low demands for the top of the business makes it particularly profitable for beginners. Imported products did not leave the domestic market so long ago, but the price level was preserved, and the demand for mushrooms is invariably high constantly.

Participation of competition should be in most part from larger producers engaged in industrial breeding. However, today there are not many of them on the market, so you can not be afraid of serious counteraction to expansion. Risks in this area are also not too large, given the undepair to investment.

conclusions

The main advantage is high profitability. The advantage is the lack of need for significant investments at the initial stage. The income at the same time is quite good - it reaches 650 rubles from each square meter processed in 1.5 months.

Another indisputable advantage is simplicity in mastering. Oyshemks require a much smaller care than other mushrooms, including.

Experienced businessmen, however, do not deny the presence of a number of difficulties, but they all relate to initial stages Establishing a process and marketing. After settling these moments, everything becomes much easier and remains only to collect and sell a harvest ..

Video: Weight growing technology.

Growing champignons
Growing mushrooms Veshinka
Processing of mushrooms
How much can earn money
What equipment to choose
OKVED
Do you need permissions

General information about mushroom business

The mushroom cause is more and more interest among representatives of small businesses. That is, your reasons. The main of which is the increase in the consumption of mushrooms in our country. The culture of mushroom consumption is growing, it is increasingly added to salads and hot dishes or consuming in pickled form.

At the same time, the collection of mushrooms in vivo is gradually reduced. Several arguments can be distinguished in favor of profitability and the prospects of fungal business:

Mushrooms - extremely productive and fast-growing agricultural culture. So, when compliance with technology can be obtained a year to 100 kg of champignons with 1 square meters. m. In monetary terms, this means a revenue of $ 300 with 1 m2. That is, just 100 square meters. m. You can "raise" to $ 300,000 per year.
For cultivation of most fungi, agricultural waste and processing industry are used. The mushroom industry not only solves the problem of waste disposal, but also gets actually the "Darm" raw materials.
Great sales opportunities. Mushrooms are some of the few products whose production is much more difficult than their sales. Here are just a few real buyers: trading networks, processing enterprises, grocery stores, cafes and restaurants, markets. As a last resort, you can do our own processing of mushrooms (making or do a saltwood with vegetables). But about it is slightly lower.
And, most interesting: during the crisis, the import of mushrooms has sharply decreased. And the share of imports until 2014 was not a lot of 85% of the total consumption of mushrooms in the Russian Federation. It speaks only one thing: the number of domestic producers of mushrooms will grow steadily.

In this article we will look at the 5 most popular and real ways to make money on mushrooms.

Growing champignons

The most popular "commercial" grade of mushrooms is champignon. In the ratio of productivity and taste, it is practically no equal.

The great popularity of this mushroom and a large amount of information on its cultivation, make a business on champignons one of the most proven. The substrate for the cultivation of champignons is a mixture of horse manure, chicken litter, gypsum and straw.

The substrate or compost can be made independently in the conditions of mushroom farming. It will at least be more profitable than buying compost on the side. But the mushroom mycelium champignons will have to buy from specialized enterprises, since its cultivation requires special laboratory conditions.

It will be interesting: How to build a business on the cultivation of champignons

Technology growing mushrooms

Grow champignons very quickly. During the day, the mushroom adds 100% in growth, that is, it becomes twice as much. And all this happens almost in complete darkness. An important condition is access to oxygen, since the growth of champignon directly depends on this.

In general, special requirements are presented to the creation of a microclimate for the production of champignons. That is why attempts by many beginner farmers do not lead to anything. It is enough to be mistaken in doses of irrigation, temperature mode or humidity level and mushroom may not climb.

By the way, about watering. Point watering with a jet of water boxes with landfied champignons are unacceptable. The champignon is poured by the method of uniform spraying of water by sowing, thus imitating rain. If we competently comply with the technology, it is quite possible to achieve yields of more than 100 kg from 1 square meter. m. per year.

With an average price of $ 3 / kg., One square meter brings up to 300 dollars per year. For the cultivation of champignons at home in "industrial scales" detailed in the following video:

Growing mushrooms Veshinka

Any mushroom breed will say that the cultivation of oysteries is several times easier and cheaper than growing champignons. Oyshemka less good, than champignon and it does not require any special microclimate.

The main condition is humidity and good ventilation. And, naturally heating, for the possibility of year-round production. To obtain the mushroom, almost any room is suitable, including a wooden house, a basement, a greenhouse, a barn or an industrial building.

Minimum equipment requirements allow you to start almost "from scratch", subject to availability of property. The oyster is grown in bags of 10 - 12 kg. Bags are placed in rows on racks. Speakers and chips are used as a substrate, which can be taken on local sawmills for free. Costs will only be shipped.

Also for additional nutrition Acquire bran (they need about 10% of the volume of sawdust). Mycelium Oyshemes costs about 100 r. / kg and purchased on the Internet or in large fungal farms. Per quarter. The meter requires approximately 6 kg. From other expenses: polyethylene film, twine for blocks, substrate.

Costs also include electricity costs, raw materials delivery and unforeseen expenses. Total, according to some calculations, about 700 p are required for one square meter. investment. For the year, when compliance with technology, from one square meter you can remove up to 50 kg of oyster. From 100 square meters. m. You can produce 5 tons, respectively. The mushroom is realized by 180 r. / Kg in retail or 130 r. / Kg. wholesale.

It will be interesting: How to organize business on growing mushrooms

Hurry cultivation - waste-free production. Exhaust mushroom bags are implemented to the local population on cattle. There is truth, at oysteries and back side - Their disputes can cause allergies and worsen human health.

At the same time, the disease can be caught not only anyone who is directly engaged in mushrooms, but also people living nearby. If the oyster is grown in the basement, the allergies may arise in people living on the second and even the third floors. "Businessman" can ignore the issue of filtering and ventilation of the room, which will suffer from the neighbors and relatives.

Opinions about the danger of mushroom cultivation are strongly spent. Someone says that during the fruiting mushroom (and this is about one week in a month), the spores of the oyster can get into the lungs and turn them into a mushroom block. But this, of course, is exaggerated. In fact, the spores of the oysterwood cause ordinary allergies how it can make a homemade cat wool.

All you need to make mushrooms is to use the respirator, as well as place the production away from the dwelling. Also, it is impossible not to say about the complexity of technology. This only at first glance may seem that the cultivation of the oysteries is a slight occupation.

In practice, some people have the years to work out the technology of obtaining stable yields. The most frequent errors are associated with the wrong choice of substrate, poor power mushroom, as well as ignoring the sterilization of the substrate, which is why bacteria and infections occur in the fungal block.

Technology Growing Shiitaka

According to some experts, there are currently all prerequisites for profitable cultivation of shiitake mushrooms.

Shiitake - edible mushroom, kind of loventinul family of thoroughly, consumption and cultivation of which is common in Japan and China. This is one of the most delicious and useful wood grades of mushrooms.

Its consumption slows down the aging processes in the body, has an anticercinogenic effect and increases immunity. In our country, the demand for Shiitake significantly exceeds the proposal.

Many restaurants of Japanese cuisine Moscow and St. Petersburg are ready to purchase this mushroom at high prices in 500 - 600 r. / Kg. There is an opinion that it is not much more complicated to grow shiitake than a hanger, and the economic benefit may be higher than several times.

Yes, the cost of growing shiitake exceeds the cost of oyster, but the sale price is significantly different. Oyshemka Wholesale is a maximum of 200 r. / Kg., While Shiitake is implemented at least 500 rubles, and in separate retail stores You can see the price tag in 1000 p. and more. "Navar" can figure out yourself.

Shiitake is grown on cellulose-containing substrates - deciduous wood, sunflower husk, straw from cereals, on the cobs and stems of corn and even on waste paper production. The mushroom is teothelubvoy, so it does not grow under the outdoor.

Comfortable temperature for Shiitake cultivation is from +11 to +25 gr. Some daches, as a hobby, grown Shiitake even on the street, building a canopy over the mushroom plantation. The same mushroom unit can be operated in the summer, and for the period of frosts to send to the warm room.

In the next video, it is described in detail how to prepare the substrate block for growing Shiitake at home:

The incubation period in Shiitake is significantly higher than that of the same oyster. The formation of the first probraths of the oysteries is 14 days, while in Shiitake incubation lasts from 1 to 3 months. As for the yield, the calculation is approximately the next.

When the substrate is loaded in 200 kg per 1 square meter, you can get up to 40 kg from 1 kV. m. every 45 days. That is, an approximate yield is 300 kg from 1 square meter. m. To ensure such effective use The area of \u200b\u200bthe room must be purchased special metal racks and organize a microclimate system.

It is possible not to all mushrooms. The main problem for a novice farmer who decided to grown Shiitake is that it is difficult to find the working technology of obtaining fungus. There are practically no solid farms involved in the production of Shiitake in our country. Therefore, to obtain experience in this case, you may have to attend foreign countries.

It will be especially difficult with the acquisition of mushroom mycelium. In our country, in 99% of cases of Mycelium Shiitake sell the dealers, from which the price of it is indecent high.

Processing of mushrooms

In order to make it well to make money on mushrooms at all, it is not necessary to grow them. On the shelves of supermarkets, you can see pickled and frozen mushrooms in a large assortment. It's no secret that lion Their manufacturers do not grow mushroom independently, but only buy it on the side.

Everyone easier to do packing and frost mushrooms. Champignons are especially good for these purposes. The trademark is recorded, a small shop opens by 50 - 70 square meters. m., Packing equipment (dual-stage weight dispensers) is purchased, several working hands are hired - a business is ready.

A more complex way - the production of pickled mushrooms. In this case, the staff should include a competent technologist. Because 90% of success will depend on the marinade recipe. High profitabilityAccording to experienced players, it is possible to obtain, engaged in the production of solicky from mushrooms. For example, mix mushroom with cabbage. On the bank in 500 gr. Cabbage is required only 1-2 mushrooms.

The main difficulty here is to find product sales channels, that is, gain access to the politic space of supermarkets or small intracity product networks. It is for this reason that not all fungi farmers are processed - it is easier for them to pass the wholesale reseller for a penny.

Purchase of mushrooms can be carried out in two ways. The most basic is to acquire the product wholesale in farmers. Mushrooms weird and champignons are engaged in almost every region. In some regions, the middle strip mushrooms can be purchased from the local population in the season of natural fees (August - September).

To do this, it is necessary to establish prefabricated points in the villages and villages whose places are famous for mushroom abundance.

Production of mushroom mycelium and compost

In connection with the growth of the mushroom industry, the promising idea will be the production of raw materials for growing mushrooms - compost and mycelium. The easiest way to produce mushroom compost for champignons. At the initial stage, horse manure and straw mixed.

For a week, the mixture is watered with water and turn over to satisfy the compost moisture and activate biological and chemical processes. In the same stage, chicken element is added to the mixture to increase the content of nitrogen and gypsum, which neutralizes acidity. After 1-2 weeks, the compost is immersed in the so-called composter.

Get a substrate chocolate brown. Next compost subjected pasteurization to remove insects and their eggs. The mixture is kept in the chamber at +58 gr. Celsius. Then it is cooled to +25 gr. In the years, microorganisms turn ammonia into nitrogen protein is the most nutrient for mushrooms.

The compost can be implemented both by containers, and pack in bags of 2-5 kg. Approximate compost price: 16 - 40 r. / Kg. Such demand also uses a substrate for oyster. The substrate is a block of polyethylene sleeves (films), in which the substrate is located: the straw of cereal crops, a biodox and mycelium.

Most often, the blocks are made of 10 kg weighing and implement an average of $ 5 per piece. If investment is allowed, in parallel you can sell equipment for growing mushrooms. Climatic equipment, racks, boxes and containers, shockers, humidification systems are used in demand.

Even the technology of mushrooms, all sorts of training discs and courses sell.

The production of mushroom mycelium may be more profitable, but it is difficult to organize business requiring relevant investments. To produce a growing mycelium, it is necessary to create actually sterile conditions, since any ingress of foreign microorganisms is unacceptable.

It is possible to achieve this only in laboratory conditions, in specially trained premises. If you manage to establish technology - consider 90% of the case done. Sales of Mushroom Mycelium is actually guaranteed because each mushroom farmer is your potential client.

Step-by-step opening plan - where to start

When deciding to build a business on growing mushrooms, the first thing should be determined which mushroom you will produce.
Registration of a business entity.
After the production niche is defined, it is necessary to choose the growing room.
Then follow the choice of soil and the purchase of mycelium - seedlings.
Mushrooms grow enough quickly - about a month later you will receive the first harvest, so it is more expedient to resolve the issue of product implementation in the first stages.

How much can earn money

The amount of net profit depends on what scale you grow mushrooms. To simplify the calculation, take the area in 100 m 2. About 6 tons of fungi grows on such an area for two months.

Wholesale price is approximately 50-60 rubles per kilogram. Thus, profits will be 360,000 rubles. Minus all expenses (120,000 - 150,000 rubles) net profit will be up to 200,000 rubles. But it is worth paying attention to the fact that in addition to cultivation, it is necessary to take care of the implementation of such a product amount .

How much money needs to start

The amount of investment depends on several criteria - which way you will grow mushrooms - manual or using briquettes, depending on the expected harvest and the area involved, also from the choice of the region. Exemplary financial costs will be:

Rent areas up to 60 m 2 - 5-8 thousand rubles.
Purchase mycelium - 12 thousand rubles.
Buying a compost - 22 thousand rubles.
Package (packages, boxes) - 7 thousand rubles.
Microclum equipment - 20 thousand rubles.
Refrigeration equipment - 50-70 thousand rubles.
Transport costs - 10 thousand rubles.
Preparation and registration of documents - 20 thousand rubles.
Communal payments - 25 thousand rubles.

Thus, the preliminary calculation implies costs of 194 thousand rubles. A more accurate calculation depends on the volume of production, the region in which you decide to open your business.

What equipment to choose

For this type of business, you need to purchase ventilation systems, air conditioning, air humidifiers, steam generators and pasteurization devices.

Expensive and special equipment is used in the cultivation of the so-called Dutch way, but this type of activity is not suitable for small and medium businesses, as it requires large capital investments and the availability of additional staff.

When growing with a container in special equipment, wooden containers treated with specialized substances against mold can be attributed. With the most common and simple scenery method, it will be enough to get a large number of ordinary bags.

Professional business plans on the topic:

Business Plan for Growing Mushrooms (14 sheets) - Download ⬇

OKVED

In the All-Russian classifier of species economic activityThe cultivation of mushrooms belongs to agricultural production, the number according to the classifier - A.01.12.31.

Documents for opening a business on mushrooms

To start a business, you should open an IP. The form of personal subsidiary farm (LPH) for this type of business is not suitable, as there is no registration.

What to choose the tax system

Agricultural production has an ECHN taxation system - a single agricultural tax and implies a rate of 6 percent of income.

Do you need permissions

To open business, the permissions are not required, but the following documents are required to implement your products:

Compliance with GOST.
Certificate phytosanitarian.
Radio protocol.
Manual for transportation and storage.

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