Where can you apply for customs. Customs: the profile of a specialist in Russian universities. What our graduates can do

Will hundreds of more teenagers die from drugs passing through a corrupt border post? Will a batch of counterfeit medicines be imported into the country that could affect the health of thousands of citizens? Will a terrorist who plans a large-scale attack with dozens of human casualties pass according to false documents? Without exaggeration, this will depend on you. The profession of a customs officer is an amazing combination of routine paperwork with colossal responsibility and unconditional respect for the profession.

Story

The profession has been known since ancient times. Even if thousands of years ago it was not represented by today's modern specialty, the guards of the borders of countries, empires and occupied territories have always occupied a special place with society. The profession appeared synchronously with the formation of the first centralized states. It is impossible to name the exact date, but it definitely happened at the stage of the beginning of the development of the world society. The impetus for the development of prototypes of modern customs gave rise to trade between countries.

Hundreds of years ago, caravans with goods passing through the borders were taxed. This was necessary to ensure the replenishment of the treasury. In Russia, the customs business originated around the 9th century, when duties and a trade tax - "washed" were introduced in the principalities. Myt collectors were called “mytniks”. It is interesting that in the modern Ukrainian language a customs officer is also a mitnik.

Customs - what is this profession

Customs officer is a civil servant whose duties include control over goods transported across the border, passing people, collection of fees and customs duties. As a rule, university graduates start working as ordinary inspectors. Later they become senior inspectors, department heads. A brilliant career will allow him to take the chair of a policy maker in the field of customs, and perhaps one of the heads of the state apparatus. But over 90% of specialists will forever remain ordinary inspectors.

What are the duties of a customs officer:

Conduct inspection of citizens and goods at customs posts, railway stations and airports.
Execute customs documentation, collect fees and duties.
Identify contraband, prohibited goods.
Keep records of confiscated goods.
Conduct an investigation of offenses within the competence of customs law.

In addition to the general profession, there are several narrow specialties - a checkpoint employee, a passport control employee, a department specialist, and others.

The work as a whole cannot be called interesting and even in the least creative - it is difficult, routine, sometimes boring or dangerous, but always extremely responsible. The security of the state, in particular economic, largely depends on the customs officers. The failure of specialists to fulfill their duties, corruption and a banal shortage of employees can lead to a real tragedy.

The minimum of romance is the maximum of hard work. Customs officers meet trains and check people heading to the country, inspect goods, establish compliance of the documentation with Russian and international standards. Often there are dog handlers in the industry who specialize in the search for goods, drugs and other substances prohibited for import into the country. Is the profession of a customs officer suitable for a girl? Quite if she is ready to handle the hard work and take on a huge burden of responsibility. Many women work in this area - about 35% of the total number of employees.

Where to study as a customs officer

You can become a customs inspector without specialized education. But you definitely need to graduate in order to get a better chance of building a brilliant career. The more prestigious and authoritative it is, the better. TOP-5 Russian universities, which teach customs:

Russian Customs Academy.
Academy of National Economy and public service.
University of Economics. Plekhanov.
Technological University in Korolev.
University named after Witte.

The average passing score in one subject exceeds 85.5, so it is not so easy to enter the best universities in the country. But the documents are still worth submitting - you do not lose anything. However, at the same time, we recommend trying to enroll in a few more universities or institutes that you like. Remember that studying at a reputable, rated university will provide advantages at the start of a career, but will not predetermine success.

Pros and cons of the specialty

The advantages and disadvantages will directly depend on the position held. Obviously, a high-ranking official or policy maker in the customs industry feels quite comfortable. But since we do not have a presentation of the possibilities and prospects of the industry, but an analysis of the real state of affairs, we note the pros and cons of ordinary specialties - inspectors, employees of checkpoints, airports and train stations.

Key pros :

A respectable, respected profession.
A special mission is to ensure the country's security at the borders.
Benefits - customs officers are often equated with the military.
Possible supplements to pensions, social benefits.
Public service with all the privileges provided.

The main limitations:

Low level of comfort.
Average, and sometimes frankly low salary.
Bureaucracy and paperwork.
Flourishing corruption.
The highest level of responsibility.
Constant pressure from people who disregard the law.

Many experts admit: size wages does not correspond to working conditions and level of responsibility.

In most cases, this is an important, difficult and at the same time low-paid job. Bureaucracy, work in a confined space, all-round pressure - 99% of customs officers who are at the start face this. However, they can be compensated not only by opportunities for career growth, but also by benefits, privileges, and respectability of the profession.

How much do customs officers get

Imagine: you have dreamed of this profession since childhood. Imagined themselves as the defender of the state pages of their country. You wrote an essay at school on the topic “My future profession - customs officer ". Then we entered the university, graduated from it and started to work. But the level of your well-being leaves much to be desired. This industry cannot be called the most "monetary".

"Customs" is one of the most demanded specialties in modern world, because the number of countries willing to cooperate and engage in trade is increasing every day. This means that the state needs experienced and qualified specialists who will be able to ensure full compliance with customs agreements and customs policy in general. Where to study in the specialty "Customs"? Universities in Moscow offer optimal choice in the ratio of the quality of training to its cost.

Customs: definition

Methods and means of resolving customs issues related to the carriage of goods through state border, the rules of prohibition and various restrictions when moving vehicle through customs - all of this can be counted under the definition of "customs". Universities offer another designation option.

Customs is a branch that regulates the foreign economic activity of the state, namely: trade, transportation of bulky goods across the state border. Turns out that this profession presupposes deep theoretical knowledge in economics (which can be obtained by entering the Institute of Customs), as well as practical experience with the preparation of merchandise documentation, declaring goods and skills in management and accounting, because you will have to keep reports on taxation and acceptance of payments, penalties and duties for a particular violation during transportation through customs.

Features of the profession

The profession of a customs specialist is in demand not only in the customs authorities, but also in various brokerage companies, credit institutions, enterprises engaged in foreign economic activity or logistics. A specialist in this business must have extensive knowledge and skills. Here is some of them:

have a good legal education;
be able to manage the activities of customs authorities;
keep records money (payments, taxes);
analyze trade statistics;
correctly draw up documentation;
know how customs logistics work, and at any time carry out the necessary procedures to optimize economic activity enterprises.

universities in Moscow

The profession of a customs officer is very responsible and complex, however, it is considered very prestigious and highly paid. That is why many applicants choose the specialty "Customs". Universities in Moscow have always been famous for their advanced teaching methods, so let's look at which of them teach in this specialty.

It is worth noting that before choosing a certain university, you need to decide for yourself the following questions: "Public or private university?", "Choose the faculty of customs on the basis of a contract, or is there a chance to enter the budget?" The capital offers the most wide selection universities, so everyone can find exactly the university that suits him both in terms of tuition fees and quality.

The next step in choosing a specialty "Customs" is exams. What subjects do I need to pass and by how many points? Let's see which universities offer to pass internal exams, and which ones are enrolled in training based on the results of the USE.

State budgetary universities: TOP-3

Over the past 15 years, there have been major changes: many universities have opened new specialties and directions. One of the most prestigious and promising areas is just "Customs". Universities in Moscow can be roughly divided into two groups: the first includes all public universities, and the second - private institutions that have received state accreditation and issue a state diploma at the end of the training.

For many applicants, the opportunity to study on a budgetary basis is the main criterion when choosing a future university. Here are the best universities in the capital, which you can enter by typing required amount points on the Unified State Exam:

Russian (named after Plekhanov) - there are very high requirements, for admission you need to score an average of 82 points for each subject (Russian, foreign language and social studies).
RANHIGS under the President of the Russian Federation - this university does not have an institute of customs, but the Faculty of Law and national security there is a direction "Customs". The passing mark over the past years is approximately 270 for the same subjects as at Plekhanov University.
- an educational institution located near Moscow (in Lyubertsy). The academy has a customs faculty, the average number of enrollment points is 250 for three subjects. One of the advantages of this university is the largest number of budget places, there are 250 of them, while in others the maximum number is only 20.

Public universities offering tuition fees

The number of paid universities is increasing every year, because the demand for education is also growing. This is especially noticeable in Moscow: after graduating from school and passing the exam, many applicants decide to enter the capital's universities and come here from the most remote regions of Russia. It is not surprising, because it is in the capital that you can find a university that meets all the wishes and possibilities of the applicant:

offers training on contract basis, both for those who passed the exam, and for those who wish to pass internal exams. At the Faculty of Economics, applicants are invited to choose three areas, including "Customs". The cost of training is within 200 thousand rubles per year.
MADI is another university specializing in training in the specialty "Customs". The passing score is 120. The cost per year of study at the Faculty of Logistics and General Transport Problems is 147 thousand rubles.
The MGUPS of Emperor Nicholas is one of the oldest universities in the capital, the legal institute consists of 6 areas, one of which is customs. The passing grade is 180, and the cost of training is 198 thousand rubles per academic year.

Private universities

Applicants who scored the minimum points on the exam have the opportunity to enter non-state universities on a paid basis. Below is an overview of the most prestigious state accredited universities:

The Moscow Institute of Jurisprudence is one of the most affordable universities, the cost of training is only 65 thousand rubles per year. At the same time, there is a possibility of admission without passing the examinstead, you need to pass tests conducted by the university independently.
IFLA offers quality training in relation to low prices: 100 thousand rubles for the first course of study, then some discounts are possible. The university accepts both on the basis of the USE results and on the internal exams. Foreign citizens also have the opportunity to enter this institution, it is enough just to pass an oral exam in the Russian language and write a short essay.
Moscow University V. S. Yutte is one of the five best private universities in the capital. The cost of training at the Faculty of Economics and Finance is 110 thousand rubles, and the passing score is 100.

Whichever university you choose, remember that the main component of successful education is not prestige educational institution, but your personal efforts.

Form of study: full-time
Cost:290,000 rubles / year
Duration: 5 years
Learning basics: budget, contract

Implemented basic professional educational programs, 2020:

1. Organization of customs control
2. Customs payments and foreign exchange regulation
3. Foreign trade, transport and customs logistics

In light of the deeper involvement of Russia in the global integration processes, "Customs" is one of the most demanded programs, which allows to train relevant specialists of a qualitatively new level.

Admission conditions:

Conditions of education:

Implemented forms of education	full-time
Mode of conducting classes	Monday - Friday from 09.00 to 16.15
Duration of training	5 years
Issued documents	specialist diploma in the specialty "Customs"
Educational plans	Foreign trade, transport and customs logistics - Curriculum-2019 Curriculum - 2019 Customs payments and foreign exchange regulation Curriculum-2019
Work program annotations	Organization of customs control - Archive -2018 Customs payments and currency regulation - Archive - 2018

A deferral from service in the RF Armed Forces is provided in accordance with applicable law.

Graduates of the "Customs" program are qualified specialists, the demand for which is ensured by the rapid development of Russia's foreign economic relations. The course was developed in 2012 and is based on a combination of fundamental theoretical knowledge and practical skills. In the course of training, RANEPA provides students with practical training in the customs authorities.

Skills of specialists

With successful training in the "Customs" program, students gain knowledge in the field of jurisprudence, the basics of organization, management of customs processes and foreign economic activity. Future specialists develop skills in various areas of the chosen profession:

foreign economic transactions;
conclusion of contracts;
application customs procedures;
calculation of customs payments;
declaring goods;
control at customs;
commodity nomenclature foreign economic activity (TN VED), etc.

Job prospects

After training, graduates of the faculty can take in private and state structures the following positions:

declarant;
specialist or manager: customs, export;
international transport specialist, etc.

After training, graduates of the course are employed in large logistics companies, consulting centers, open own business, occupy senior positions in the customs departments of international corporations, organize the work of border checkpoints, work in air and sea ports, at railway facilities, etc.

Education at RANEPA

The RANEPA program is aimed at training specialists who are able to solve not only basic professional tasks, but also find ways out of non-standard crisis situations... Training is conducted by teachers from practical experience work in the customs authorities. Seminars, master classes, internships and practice in Russian and international structures are organized for students. Upon completion of training, future specialists protect qualifying work and receive a state diploma from one of the leading universities in Russia. If desired, the graduate can continue his education in the master's or postgraduate studies. RANEPA provides the knowledge and skills necessary for a successful career in the customs field.

Remember the wonderful film "White Sun of the Desert" and its hero, the customs officer, Vereshchagin? There was no longer any border, no country, on the guard of whose interests he stood, and Vereshchagin kept guarding his customs. "I do not take a bribe. I'm sorry for my state!" - catch phrase this handsome strong man with principles and sovereign thinking, became the personification of a portrait of a real customs officer.

Remember the wonderful film "White Sun of the Desert" and its hero customs officer Vereshchagin in the magnificent performance of Pavel Luspekaev? There was no longer a border, no country, whose interests he stood guard, and Vereshchagin kept guarding his customs, looking with disgust at the watermelons and black caviar, which his wife fed day after day. "I do not take a bribe. I'm sorry for the state!" - the catch phrase of this handsome strong man with principles and sovereign thinking became the personification of a portrait of a real customs officer.

It is precisely such a principled and conscientious person who should be the guardian of state interests. It must be - this is the key phrase, since the portrait of a modern customs officer is very different from the "cinematic" one. And the point is not that there are no Vereshchagins left in the modern world, but that many young people choose the profession of a customs officer thoughtlessly. They are seduced by the perceived benefits, forgetting about the importance and characteristics of this profession. Therefore, today we will try to tell you about all the nuances, disadvantages and advantages of the profession of a customs officer, and we hope that this will help you to consciously approach the choice of a future place of work.

Who is a customs officer?

Customs officer - an employee of the state customs service, exercising control over the movement of people, things, vehicles, goods and other items across the customs border, as well as producing customs clearance and collection of customs duties.

The name of the profession comes from the Old Russian word tamga (seal, tax, duty), which in turn has Turkic roots. Note that in Ancient Rus customs was called mytnya (from the word myt - the name of the payment levied by local princes). Story customs profession originates in ancient times, when the first foreign economic relations between states arose. It was then that the need arose to control goods and people crossing borders. The very first customs officers were engaged in this, and their activities have practically not changed since that time.

Today, as before, the job of a customs officer is to clear goods transported across the state border. The professional duties of this specialist include:

registration of cargo documentation;
cargo inspection for customs, inspection of citizens at the airport or train station;
detection of contraband and goods prohibited for import or export;
work at checkpoints;
accounting of confiscated goods;
investigation of offenses in the field of customs law.

More specifically, the customs officer must check the documentation for the goods and draw up his own declarations, determine the country of import-export of goods and determine the amount of duties and their amount, let the goods and citizens through the border. By the way, the range of duties of customs officers is so great that there are several narrow specializations, which depend on the place of work of a specialist: an employee of a checkpoint, an employee of passport control, employees of the international customs department, etc. Therefore, when crossing the border, citizens, as a rule, have to deal with a variety of representatives of this profession. It does not matter where exactly this border passes: at the airport, at the railway station or in the sea harbor.

What personal qualities should a customs officer have?

Customs officer work is fraught with certain risks and temptations, which impose a number of requirements on the representatives of this profession. First, they should be distinguished by a high degree of patriotism, integrity and honesty. In addition, any customs officer must have such personal qualities, as:

I would also like to talk about intuition. It is visually very difficult to determine whether a person or transport is lucky or unlucky. But experienced customs officers do it according to only one of them understandable signs, "pull by the thread", gradually unwinding the ball. In this case, they rely not so much on knowledge of psychology and practical skills, but on their own intuition.

Also, the customs officer is required to have impeccable knowledge of laws, legal and legal subtleties, the rules for maintaining documentation and possession of the official business style of speech. Economic knowledge is also necessary for a customs officer, especially those related to trade.

Advantages of the customs profession

Ask any customs officer: what are the advantages of his profession. And you will definitely hear in response: of great importance to society. After all, it is the employees of the customs service who guard the national security of the country, preventing the import of contraband and preventing the free movement of terrorists.

Undoubted the advantage of the profession of a customs officer also can be called demand. As customs are constantly expanding as a result of the increase in trade and the increase in the number of people crossing the border, young professionals can easily find jobs.

Customs officers are entitled to benefits, such as early retirement and a substantial increase to it. Customs officers involved in checkpoints, the search for contraband and prohibited from importing goods are equated with the military and, accordingly, can count on the same benefits.

Due to the specifics of the work, the customs officer is very good at developing observation, analytical skills, intuition, memory and attentiveness. These qualities, without any doubt, are useful not only in the performance of professional duties, but also in everyday life. And the skills and knowledge acquired in the process of working at customs in the field of jurisprudence and foreign economic activity will allow a former customs officer to easily obtain leadership position in a commercial enterprise.

Disadvantages of the customs profession

Foremost lack of customs profession - this is constant pressure from people who want to bypass customs regulations, do not pay duties or import prohibited goods. We can say that almost every customs officer has risks of meeting them. Not everyone can resist the temptation, withstand, remain an honest employee under the pressure of such temptations.

Hence follows the next disadvantage of this profession - a high turnover of personnel. According to statistics, in our country, customs is one of the most corrupt systems, and only 2-3% of customs officers can be called crystal-clear. Well, since our state is actively fighting corruption and regularly introduces more and more anti-corruption measures, the ranks of employees customs service quite often they are "cleaned".

The disadvantages of this profession are also associated with the psychological stress that exists in the work. The constant need to be fully armed, to strain attention and memory can lead to nervous breakdowns, stress and prolonged depression.

Where can you get the profession of a customs officer?

To get the profession of a customs officer it is not at all necessary to have a specialized education. However, since this profession requires a large amount of versatile knowledge, the presence higher education generally is a prerequisite... Knowledge and skills in the field of customs can be obtained at special courses.

Nevertheless, we recommend getting this profession in specialized universities, since in this environment graduates of customs academies are most valued. In addition, only highly qualified customs officers can count on fast career growth, especially if education in the specialty "Customs" was received in such the best universities in Russia, as.

Training of customs specialists - a synthesis of legal and foreign economic disciplines. Students pass, international trade, settlements and foreign exchange markets, commodity science and expertise in customs, customs management. Get acquainted with the specifics of document flow in the customs authorities and pricing in foreign trade... They study the intricacies of customs procedures, customs control, customs clearance of goods and vehicles. They study the economics of customs.

Key disciplines:

Declaration of goods and vehicles
Document flow in customs authorities
International trade, settlements and foreign exchange markets
Customs procedures
customs control
Customs management
Merchandising and expertise in customs
Economics of Customs
Ethics business communication in the customs sphere
Basics of customs
Merchandising, expertise in the customs business of food and non-food products
Commodity nomenclature of foreign economic activity
Finance
General management
Customs clearance of goods and vehicles
Customs regimes and special customs procedures
Declaration of goods and vehicles
Organization of customs control of goods and vehicles
The basics technical means customs control
Customs control technologies (workshop)
Customs control after the release of goods
Customs and tariff regulation of foreign trade
Prohibitions and restrictions on foreign trade
Foreign exchange regulation and foreign exchange control
Foreign trade documentation
Institutions of administrative and customs law regulating the activities of customs authorities
Revealing and bases of investigation of administrative offenses referred to the competence of customs authorities
The basics of qualifying crimes in the field of customs
Fundamentals of investigation of crimes referred to the competence of customs authorities
Fundamentals of document flow in customs authorities
Personnel management in customs authorities
Customs administration
Customs administration
Contracts and foreign trade documents
International customs cooperation
Prosecutor supervision
Organization of foreign exchange control in various customs regimes
Customs payments in various customs regimes
International conventions and agreements on trade
Workshop on the application of customs payments
Theory and practice of using customs controls
International law
International private law
Constitutional law
Constitutional law of foreign countries
Criminal law and criminal procedure
Administrative law
National security
National and regional policy
Fundamentals of Systems Analysis
Accounting
Customs management
Economics of Customs
Economic security
Analysis of the financial and economic activities of the enterprise
Business planning
Fundamentals of foreign economic activity
Entrepreneurship in the customs sphere
Pricing in foreign trade
Economic potential customs territory Of Russia
Information customs technologies
Customs statistics
Economic theory
Ethics of civil service and civil servant
Sociology
Management
Customs value control
Workshop on Contract Price Control

Training and industrial practice future customs specialists go to transport and forwarding companies, where customs clearance of goods takes place; customs terminals; firms conducting export-import operations with goods; customs brokerage companies that carry out customs clearance of goods.

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