Ready business project for small business. Ready-made business plans for small businesses with calculations. What is a small business

Every successful entrepreneur can confidently say that a well-written business plan acts as one of the most important elements in building your own business. Understanding how to properly design a future enterprise, you can predict a positive result when contacting a credit institution or an investor. Let's consider further the basic rules for writing a business plan.

Purpose of the document

Writing a business plan (an example of a project will be discussed below) can be done different ways. There are various aids for this. However, in most of them the information is very specific and understandable only to economists or accountants. Along with this, the need to draw up a business plan arises for all start-up entrepreneurs. The document is required for submission to a credit institution, obtaining a loan from an investor to develop a business on early stages. In addition, a business plan allows you to see the immediate and upcoming goals, predict capital investments for one or another, foresee the moment when the first profit arrives, calculate total income from activity.

The specifics of enterprises

To obtain a loan for the construction of a plant or factory, it is more expedient to contact the relevant organizations that can provide qualified assistance in writing a business plan. In this case, the document will contain economic calculations and be supported by financial documents drawn up in accordance with all the rules for their execution. A business plan drawn up in this way can, without hesitation, be sent to both foreign investors and domestic credit companies. However, in this case, it should be understood that the services for designing a project for a future enterprise will not be cheap. To open mobile outlet or a clothing or shoe repair shop, for example, there is no need to study or calculate industry risks in detail. In this case, it will be quite competent to organize production, determine the sales market, and predict enterprises. The program for writing a business plan for such an activity will be understandable to a novice entrepreneur.

Important point

Entrepreneurs who have a fairly large experience in doing business do not recommend unconditionally relying on the experience of acquaintances or friends and only on their own intuition. Forecasting activity does not appear as an obsolete component of socialist reality. Planning is an essential element modern business. Analysis of payback periods, determination of periods of investment, development and subsequent returns are the most important aspects even with a relatively small investment. Concepts such as "market" and "plan" are fundamental both in the East and in the West. On the present stage development of the economy, it is enough to adopt experience successful companies and get positive results.

Business Plan Sample

The project of the future business is necessary for the investor, as well as for the entrepreneur himself. The structure of writing a business plan includes a number of mandatory items. These include, in particular:

  • introduction;
  • a brief description of the future enterprise;
  • assessment of the sales market, competition, investment risks;
  • production formation plan;
  • forecasts for the sale of services / goods;
  • financial plan;
  • management organization;
  • Appendix.

Adaptation to the Russian market

The above plan for writing a business plan is recommended by Western analysts. However, in the practice of domestic entrepreneurship, some of its points require clarification and additional interpretation. So, taking into account the peculiarities of the Russian business sphere, the plan for writing a business plan should include a section that reveals an adequate understanding of the problems and issues related to the quality of services and goods. Here it is necessary to give possible solutions to them. It is also advisable to add a paragraph to the plan for writing a business plan that describes the ability to competently manage and regulate the cost of services / products. In the same section, it is worth revealing ways to ensure its competitiveness. Another additional item will be a clear vision of the prospects for the development of the enterprise, guarantees in the ability to bring the matter to the end.

Plan for writing a business plan: independent work

First of all, it is necessary to clearly assess the competitiveness of the proposed services or goods, analyze the sales market, the timing of the first profit, the time during which the investment will pay off. The next step is to determine the amount of required capital investment. Experts recommend dividing the investment into several parts, backing up the rationale with appropriate calculations. Given the above points, it should be understood that a self-composed business plan may be fundamentally different from the above structure. It should also be noted that there is no project form regulated by norms and standards. Each entrepreneur has the right to independently establish a list of items, the amount of documentation for enterprise planning. However, if outside investment is required to open a business, the above scheme should still be followed.

Introduction

This section of the business plan is a presentation of the future enterprise. It should describe the type of activity in an understandable form in the most optimistic light. It often happens that the introduction is the only section that the investor reads on his own and immediately decides whether to take the project into development or reject it. Examining the rest of the parts that display calculations, marketing research, financial justification, he will instruct his specialists. However, as practice shows, it is the introduction that decides the fate of the project. This section should be short and concise at the same time.

Characteristics of the industry and enterprise

This is the next important part of the business plan. This section provides a general description of the enterprise and industry:

  • Financial indicators.
  • Personnel composition.
  • Direction of activity.
  • Company structure.
  • List and description of services/products.
  • Development prospects and so on.

The section should contain the characteristics of the proposed production, a number of technological aspects. These points should be described in simple and accessible language. There is no point in delving into terminology, using a professional style. In this case, it is enough to indicate the uniqueness of services or products, the demand in the near and foreseeable future. You can also draw the attention of the investor to the advantages of the products offered.

Marketing research

Here you should describe the conditions under which consumers become customers of the enterprise. The section outlines methods of sales promotion, formation of a positive image, distribution of services / goods. The marketing plan includes a list of advertising costs. In essence, you should justify how and why consumers will purchase a service or product.

Production

This section should be described. Here, the characteristics of the premises are given, the established requirements for equipment and personnel are indicated. AT production plan suppliers and contractors should also be described.

Organization of the enterprise and financial component

The business plan should contain a description of the form of management, the tasks of the specialists of the administrative apparatus. For a domestic investor, a resume for each member of the management department is important. In this regard, in this section it is worth listing the partners, noting as truthfully and objectively the contribution of each of them to the development of the enterprise, functional responsibilities and role in the company. The financial part contains economic calculations. In particular, a table of income and expenses is compiled, a balance sheet is forecast, variable and direct costs are indicated, performed, and so on. Three forecasts are usually developed in this section: realistic, optimistic and pessimistic. They are displayed as graphs.

Business plan: sample and purpose of the document + reasons for drawing up + 5 stages of creation + features of writing for investors and for personal purposes + structure + 15 tips + 7 illustrative examples.

Any actions must be planned and displayed on paper. This is especially true for entrepreneurship. Without business planning, i.e. detailed optimization of resources and determination of further tasks, even an experienced entrepreneur will not be able to achieve their goals.

That's why it's so important to have sample business plan and compose it correctly. This material will help you with this.

Why and who needs a business plan?

There are several definitions of a business plan on the Internet.

Here are the most common ones:

Those. A business plan is a document that details how to implement it. Thanks to it, you can fully justify your project, evaluate the effectiveness from all sides. decisions taken to understand the feasibility of financing in a particular activity.

The business plan shows:

  • business development prospects;
  • volumes of the sales market, potential consumers;
  • profitability of the project;
  • forthcoming expenses for the production and sale of products, their supply to the market, etc.

A business development plan is a tool that evaluates the final results of activities for a specific period of time. It can be used to attract investors and is necessary in creating a business concept, company strategy.

Drawing up a business plan is one of the important, crucial stages of planning. It is developed both for those enterprises that produce goods, and for those whose specialization is the provision of services.

Before writing a business plan, specialists or the owner of the company determine the tasks and means for their implementation. The developed document can attract creditors to implement ideas. For this reason, its importance cannot be overstated.

The purpose of the business development plan:

  • analysis of aspects of entrepreneurship;
  • competent management of finances, operations;
  • justification of the need to obtain investments (bank loans, equity participation of companies in the project, budget allocations, etc.);
  • accounting financial opportunities and threats (risks) of the enterprise;
  • choice of the optimal direction of development.

Entrepreneurs write business plans for the following reasons:

Features of drawing up a plan for personal purposes and creditors

It is important to see the difference between a business plan, which is written for internal use, and a document, so to speak, "ceremonial", to be transferred to creditors.

1. Create a plan for personal goals.

If you intend to use the sample business plan and write it for yourself, please note that it will be in the form of a practical guide to further actions.

The business development plan in this case should answer the following questions:

  1. What activities do you (will you) do?
  2. What product/service does your company offer to the market?
  3. Who are the consumers, clients?
  4. What goals should you achieve?
  5. What means are needed to achieve the goals?
  6. Who is responsible for performing certain tasks?
  7. How long does it take to get it done?
  8. What capital investment will be required?
  9. What results should the actions lead to?

You need to understand that when drawing up a working document, you need to reflect the real state of affairs in order to know in which direction to move, what to do, what to strive for.

2. Document for investors.

When developing a business plan to provide to lenders/investors, the methodology is different. The person or organization that will finance your venture should receive a document detailing the situation and the main tasks.

You have to convince depositors that their money will be used rationally, to identify benefits for them. A business plan must be drawn up logically, each action must be justified.

If you have doubts in any area, study it more carefully, because according to the program you outlined, creditors will certainly have “uncomfortable” questions. And how you answer them will depend on the amount of initial investment in opening / developing your own business.

Also of particular importance is the confidence of the serve. It’s good if you manage to display statistics in a business plan, referring to the example of another company. This will increase your chances of getting an investment.

When writing a business plan, you should follow business style and follow the structure.

Sample business plan: structure

Regardless of the purpose for which you draw up a plan, working with it takes place in 5 stages:

As a business builder, you can make up the first two without any problems. But what should be the competent structure of a business plan?

We will analyze the main sections, what information they contain and how to correctly compose them.

No. 1. Title page.

He acts like himself calling card. It indicates: the name of your company, contact information, address data, phone numbers of the founders.

In addition, the title should contain the content of the entire document (chapter - page number). When composing the title, be concise, state the information concisely.

The total volume of the business plan is about 30-35 pages, including applications.

*Business plan (sample title page)

No. 2. Introductory part of a sample business development plan.

It takes approximately 2 A4 sheets. The introduction describes the main aspects of your business, its essence, what advantages it has.

It is necessary to write what is attractive for buyers of the product / service, what is the expected profit. If it is intended to attract Money for a business, the introductory part indicates the amount of capital you need.

Usually the introduction is devoted to such points of the plan:

The introductory part is the last one, because. it describes the overall picture of the company's activities.
You can fully portray it only after studying all the nuances of the case.

You can study a sample of this and other parts of the plan at the end of this material - there are collected examples of this document for the main lines of business.

Number 3. The main part of the business plan.

The main section deals with the type of activity and all its key points, project cost.

It consists of subsections:

  • production;
  • financial;
  • marketing;
  • organizational;
  • business efficiency calculation;
  • risks.

We will consider them separately.

At the end it follows final part. In it, you need to summarize the work done, give a clear definition of the tasks.

Subsections of the main part of business plans

No. 1. Development of the production subsection of the business plan.

The main section of the document is the largest. Its subsections describe each aspect of your case.

For example, industrial shows what equipment will be used, what premises you have, how much money will be needed to purchase and start a business.

Also, this plan is designed to allow you to calculate production capacity, determine the likely prospects for growth in production volumes.

In addition, it contains information on the full provision of raw materials, components, highlights questions about the need for labor force, temporary and fixed costs business.

In order for the production subsection of the plan to have a clear structure and contain all the necessary information, indicate:

  • how well the production process is, whether there are innovative solutions;
  • ways of supplying resources, the degree of development of the transport system;
  • a full description of the technologies, why they were chosen;
  • Do I need to buy / rent a business premises;
  • the composition of the required personnel and all data about it, labor costs;
  • possible maximum volume of output;
  • information about suppliers, business subcontractors;
  • the cost of each product;
  • quote with mention running costs etc.

No. 2. Development of the financial subsection of the plan.

Financial plan generalizes all the above data with economic indicators for business, i.e. in value terms.

This includes business reports:

  • Balance plan (confirming the ability of the enterprise to timely settlement of its monetary obligations).

    • O financial results, profit and loss.

    It highlights the sources of profit, how losses occurred, assesses the changes in income / expenses of the business that occurred in reporting period etc.

    About the movement of money.

    This report allows you to see operating results, long-term creditworthiness, short-term liquidity.

The financial subsection of the business plan is also characterized by the presence of:

  • schedules for future financial activities,
  • descriptions of likely investments.

Think carefully about the possibility of investing, whether it will be profitable, about the target orientation of the contribution. Write how you will return the funds attracted to the business.

Try to see the following in the financial part of your business plan:

Number 3. Development of the marketing subsection of the business plan.

The marketing subsection deals with the analysis of the sales market for your company's products. You must indicate in the plan the size, dynamics and trends of the market, its segments, conjuncture.

In addition, the subsection informs about who are the consumers of the business products, what strategy will be used to promote the product.

It calculates consumption volumes, estimated market share, describes the levers used to influence demand ( advertising campaign, pricing, product improvement, etc.), business competitiveness.

It is necessary to evaluate your product from the consumer's point of view, what makes it attractive, what is its consumer value, is it safe to use, and how long does it last.

When compiling a marketing plan, rely on the following points:

To draw up a marketing plan, information is taken from external environment, relevant research and surveys are being conducted, professional marketers in order to study the market situation.

No. 4. Development of the organizational subsection of the plan.

In terms of doing business, it is equally important organizational issues. Therefore, in this subsection, you are required to describe all the steps that will be taken to implement the project.

For example, as shown in the sample in the picture:

It is better to present information in the plan in tabular form, so that the sequence of your actions is clearly visible. It would not hurt to mention the normative and legislative acts that regulate the chosen branch of activity.

AT organizational plan it is worth describing the managerial side, the duties of all employees, the system of subordination and incentives (remuneration), describe the internal regime of the company.

Remember to follow the structure as in the example:

No. 5. How to issue a calculation of efficiency and possible risks?

In the penultimate sections, you need to give an objective assessment of the company's performance, show the expected prospects based on the estimate, balance sheet, profitability threshold, planned sales volume.

The developer of the business plan must write the payback period, NPV (net present value).

The best option would be to arrange this in a table, as in the example below:

Business risks should also be considered. Be sure to indicate in the plan what measures you will take if they occur to minimize them, which self-insurance program you will resort to.

Experienced business plan writers Special attention risks, moreover, consider the probability of the worst outcome. By making notes on how to eliminate the expected difficulties, you will make your work easier in the future. If there are losses and financial losses, you will already know how to compensate for them.

When this section of the business plan causes difficulties, they turn to experts for help.

Often, a SWOT analysis of a business is used for this purpose:



This is a method of identifying external / internal factors that affect business development.

Thanks to it, you will be able to evaluate:

  • their weaknesses (suppose the need to rent a building, unrecognizable brand),
  • advantages (low price, high service, professional staff),
  • designate opportunities (these include the availability of funds for the introduction of innovations, the use of modern equipment, coverage of a larger market segment, etc.).

And, ultimately, threats that you can't undo, such as:

  • economic crisis,
  • deterioration of the demographic situation,
  • increase in customs duties,
  • growing political tension,
  • tough competition, etc.

If you provide a clear and justified algorithm for solving risks in the document, it is guaranteed that you can attract partners and creditors for your business.

15 tips for beginners to write a good business plan

very laborious and complex. In the process of its compilation, many questions will arise. For this reason, most beginners make mistakes.

To avoid them and make your business plan worthwhile, follow these guidelines:

    Before you start writing, it is better to look at more than one example of a business plan.

    It is easy to find illustrative examples on the Internet, and perhaps they will even relate to your line of work.

    There is no need to “spill water”, thinking that the document is supposed to be voluminous.

    The business plan should contain only important, realistic information that is of interest to investors and useful to you in doing business (as in the examples below).

  1. Errors, corrections, misprints are strictly not allowed.
  2. The business plan should reflect the ability of your enterprise to reach a higher level and strengths management team.
  3. When developing a business plan, one should not underestimate competition and possible difficulties.
  4. If the information you want to display is subject to confidentiality, it should be skipped.

    5. Don't rush the paperwork.

    Such a plan would not have the desired effect on creditors. If you are compiling it for yourself, anyway, it should not look like a draft version.

    Use more tables, graphs (as in the samples below).

    Providing statistical data in this way makes the material more visual.

    Market analysis is often inaccurate.

    Therefore, responsibly approach the marketing section, collect all the necessary data.

    Be sure to include competitive features in your business plan.

    Throw out too abstruse expressions from the business plan, as well as those that are understood ambiguously and demonstrate your failure.

    For example, “a product that has no analogues”, “under consideration”, “ease of implementation”, etc.

    Keep track of all business expenses.

    Lenders consider this column especially important. Therefore, they may have a lot of questions for you on such items as salaries for personnel, taxes, purchase of raw materials, etc.

    Don't ignore risk considerations.

    As already mentioned, this will serve as a protection against the problems encountered on the way to achieving the goals, as well as allow investors to see you as a serious, responsible entrepreneur.

  5. Focus in the business plan not on the first profit, big earnings, but on a stable cash flow.

    6. Don't forget to set time limits.

    Any task has a deadline (quarter, year, several years).

    If you are not sure that you can master the business plan on your own, even using the samples below, do not spare money on a specialist.

    He understands this issue more than you, so he will draw up a document accurately, without technical, methodological and conceptual oversights that you can make without proper experience.

A detailed diagram of a quality business plan with explanations

you will find in this video:

Ready-made business plans (samples) for different areas of activity

The pharmaceutical business does not lose its relevance, because the need for medicines does not disappear. Moreover, most of family budget, as a rule, goes to medicines.

Because of this, opening a pharmacy is a very profitable business.

If you want to go into another area, consider opening a cafe.

There are quite a lot of similar establishments and the competition is strong. However, the demand for them is growing. If you take into account all the points of arrangement, you offer healthy food, you will definitely succeed.

The male half of the population may be interested in the idea of ​​organizing a car service.

The owner of the service station will not be left without income if the activities for the repair and maintenance of vehicles are detailed with all the ensuing factors in the business plan.

It will be more pleasant for women to open a beauty salon.

We assure you that regardless of the number of beauty care establishments available, your "enterprise" in the beauty industry will be in demand. This is due to the fact that every client wants the salon to be at hand, and did not have to get to another quarter.

You will be required to provide quality services, take care of increasing visitors.

Representatives of the beautiful half of humanity can delve into trading activity and set up a flower shop. The main advantage of the idea is a small starting capital.

This small business also requires planning. And although flower shops are not exactly popular in Russia, who knows, maybe you will change that.

This requires a well thought out business plan.

The hotel business is a much more complex option, which involves taking into account many factors, especially marketing ones.

No less time-consuming is the process of implementing a project for farming. But in this case, you will have the opportunity to receive financial support and benefits from the state.

The implementation of any idea begins with a business plan. Without it, it is impossible to determine the necessary tasks, to understand the feasibility of investments and costs. Many businessmen needlessly ignore this fact and do not use this useful tool.

If you did not have experience in writing, any sample business plan given here will help you understand all the standards for compiling, due to which you can special work set yourself a guide for further action.

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Good planning is the basis for the successful operation of any enterprise, and small projects are no exception. Having in your hands a business plan that was drawn up correctly, where all the components of success are presented and all the main risks are taken into account, with due diligence, you can definitely count on a good return on the activities of a small company. We will analyze the development of this document and consider an example of a business plan for a small business.

Good Small Business Business Plan: Highlights

A business plan for a small firm, like any other, should include:

The main difference between a plan for a small business is that when drawing up it, you need to take into account much fewer points than when developing planning documentation for a large company.

Therefore, the documents themselves are simpler and have a smaller volume.

However, in any case, the matter must be approached with all seriousness, because a mistake can be costly. If there are one or more errors in the plan, this can prevent the company from being profitable.

The procedure for developing a business plan for a small enterprise

The plan should consistently fix seven main points.

  1. Business concept.
  2. Basic information about the company.
  3. The essence of the enterprise, information about the goods sold and the services provided.
  4. Market conditions (information about potential consumers and competitors should be provided here).
  5. Development strategy.
  6. Company management organization.
  7. Financial planning.

How to draw up a business plan?

To make a plan, you must first answer a few basic questions.

  • What is the purpose of creating a business?
  • What result do you want to get?
  • How will the company be managed?
  • To what extent is the company's activity subject to the influence of external factors?
  • How competitive will the company be?
  • How big will financial stability firms?

In order for planning to be carried out at the proper level, it is necessary to have some business experience and understand how to properly organize financial flows.

If you do not have enough knowledge for this, it is better to seek help from those who have them, or buy ready plan and redo it.

Sample Small Business Business Plan

Let's analyze the business plan of a fitness bar in an abbreviated form.

1. Resume

Firm "Fitnessbar" operates in the catering market. The volume of sales of goods in this place in the first year should reach 15,000,000 rubles, and profit - 1,300,000 rubles. To do this, you need to invest 5,000,000 rubles.

In the future, there will be an expansion of the enterprise. To solve this problem, additional investments will be attracted, and profits will also be spent on expansion.

1.1. Goals

  • To increase the volume of sales of goods in the bar "Fitnessbar" by 2 times.
  • Reduce costs so that they are no more than 15% of sales.

1.2. Company mission

We strive to ensure that visitors enjoy their stay in our bar and become our regular customers and we want our establishment to become the most popular fitness bar in the city of N.

We are working to improve comfort and create conditions for relaxation in the Fitnessbar bar. To do this, we improve the quality of service, organize broadcasts of matches and sports programs, create an atmosphere of unity and friendliness.

1.3. Keys to success

  • Quality: The products that are sold in our establishment must be of the highest quality, as well as the service.
  • Proper management of financial flows.
  • Strict cost control.

1.4. Possible risks

  1. Competing companies.
  2. The lack of solvent customers in the city of N.

Children's goods never lose popularity, besides, many mothers prefer to order goods on the Internet. At this link you will find an exemplary business plan for an online children's clothing store.

2. About the company

The concept of the company involves:

  • high specialization: the target audience of the company is people who are fond of fitness, and we do our best to satisfy its needs;
  • creating a first-class service: high quality service, comfortable seats, regular broadcasts of sports programs;
  • location: the bar is located in the city center and is located within walking distance of three fitness centers and a sports school.

2.1. Owners

The owner of the company is Ivan Ivanov, the company is in his sole ownership.

2.2. Company history

Firm "Fitnessbar" was founded in 2014.

Every year "Fitnessbar" increases sales and expands the circle of its customers.

Table 1. Development costs

3. Services provided

The institution is a fitness bar where visitors have the opportunity to dine, watch matches and other sports broadcasts and meet friends, as well as make new acquaintances. There are three services on offer:

  • food;
  • the ability to watch broadcasts;
  • sale sports nutrition and sports paraphernalia at retail.

3.1. Technology

Plasma screens are used for broadcasting.

4. Description of the market

The market is very promising, as the number of people who are fond of fitness is growing every year. The popularity of fitness bars is also growing year by year, and this trend will continue for many years to come.

4.1. Market segmentation

The market consists of three main segments:

  • people who are fond of fitness;
  • people who lead healthy lifestyle life and carefully approach nutrition;
  • fans.

4.2. Market Condition

Competition in the market is at a low level, this opens up great opportunities for development. In city H, there are only 3 competitive establishments per 100,000 people that do not meet the demand that is growing every year.

5. Strategy and its implementation

The company's strategy is to meet the needs of fitness enthusiasts, people who attach great importance to healthy eating and sports fans.

5.1. Competitive advantage

Main competitive advantage- high quality food and service and special approach to serve customers from all three market segments.

5.2. Marketing strategy

Firm "Fitnessbar" is positioned as follows: a highly specialized institution that provides visitors with three services.

This food retail sports nutrition and sports paraphernalia.

Cost price

Information on the cost of goods and services provided is given in table 2.

Table 3. Sales plan

6. Management

The firm has 6 employees. The company is managed by its owner - Ivan Ivanov.

Employees perform three main functions:

  • are engaged in the establishment of supplies and sales;
  • service the equipment of the fitness bar;
  • deal with accounting and administration issues.

Table 4 staffing

7. Financial plan

  • The growth of the company's profit is stable moderate, the balance is positive at any time.
  • The residual profit is invested in business development.

Table 4. Planned balance

Planned balance
Assets
2016
Money RUB 27,000.00
Debt 0.00 RUB
Funds in securities RUB 30,000.00
Inventory RUB 22,000.00
Other assets RUB 24,000.00
Total assets RUB 103,000.00
Equipment and real estate RUB 300,000.00
Depreciation deductions RUB 60,000.00
Equipment and real estate (net) RUB 240,000.00
Intangible assets RUB 8,556,094.00
Other assets RUB 30,000.00
Total assets 8586094

7.1. Profit and Loss Forecast

The stable growth of the company's profits is expected due to the expansion of the number of customers and the opening of new establishments in addition to the existing one.

In the next three years, revenues should grow 3 times. So in general view looks like a business plan for a small business.

A well-designed plan is the basis for the success of any company.

In addition, this important document is necessary in order to attract investors. All persons interested in investing money in a small business, after getting acquainted with it, will see the full picture. Such a plan is necessary in order to show investors the prospects for business development and let them know what return they can expect from their investments.

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Most likely Each of us has come across ideas that we lacked the knowledge and energy to implement. However, to realize any idea and achieve the intended goals, it helps to clearly build a plan and follow its guidance. To implement a business idea, entrepreneurs face the question of how to create a business plan, which will be discussed in this article, the purpose of which is to help beginners organize their business and calculate all the pros and cons of a new project.

You will learn how to make a business plan that will help you understand your assets and in case of a shortage, you can count on the support of sponsors who want to invest in a worthwhile cause.

What is a small business business plan, what does it consist of, who develops it?

This business organization tool will help you more organized approach to the implementation of your idea and related preparatory work.

After analyzing the ideas for your business, the question arises, how to draw up a business plan?

How to write a business plan for a small business and what is included in its structure:

  • Targets and goals;
  • Market analysis;
  • Product;
  • Marketing plan;
  • Organizational plan;
  • Management staff;
  • Material resources;

Purposes and functions

A well-written business plan reveals the idea itself, its functions, the means necessary for the task, and the final profit. It displays the current economic and material activities of the enterprise and shows further prospects for its implementation.

With the correct preparation of a business plan, it is necessary to follow its leadership until external or internal factors will not put such pressure on it that it will need to be adjusted.

It should be noted at the same time that a business plan is a document of a prospective nature, which is calculated for 2-3 years of its implementation.

Business plan features:

  1. Calculate the activities needed to achieve the goal.
  2. Present a project for investment.

Document content

The document consists of two conditional parts, a description of the project and a presentation of the strengths of the idea.

  • Project summary;
  • General provisions;
  • Market analysis;
  • Marketing and strategic plan;
  • Costs;
  • Investments.

How to learn how to draw up your own business plan diagram yourself - step by step instructions

How to build a business plan, the face of your future business, because any business at the initial stage of its inception requires clear planning. How to write a business plan step-by-step instruction presented in this article will help you do it right.

Evaluation of the prospects of the promoted product or service

If we focus on the relative market share and the growth rate of sales in the market, then this may not give necessary information, because market demand undergoes constant change. Also, the intensity of competitive growth makes the market unstable and unattractive.

Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the prospect of the promoted product as follows

Columns 2-5 are evaluated on a four-point scale: 4 - good, 3 - average, 2 - below average, 1 - bad. The final score will show how promising your promoted product is.

Making a cheat sheet for yourself

To visualize the feasibility of your project, it would be good to build a Gantt chart, which will display the dates of implementation of the various stages of promoting the idea.

Based on the analysis of the market and the competitiveness of the product, a strategic and tactical course of action is built to conquer the market.

The pricing policy is carried out on the basis of economic calculations and expected income.

Thus, the Gantt chart helps to achieve three main goals:

  • graphically visualize and simplify the perception and evaluation of your project;
  • helps to realistically assess the sequence and timing of the project;
  • makes it possible at any time to analyze the current affairs of the project and the progress of their implementation, which facilitates the process of its management.

goal setting

The development of a business plan begins with setting goals, for this you will need to honestly determine:

  • What do I want to achieve?
  • What do I benefit from this?
  • Why and who needs my project?
  • Then state the purpose of the project.
  • As a result, decide on what I draw up a business plan for.

Preliminary analysis of the market and competitors

In parallel with writing a business plan or before, a market analysis is carried out, the assessment of which will directly determine the success of your project. Focusing on a specific market niche and target audience, a rigorous analysis is carried out to identify the relevance of your idea, and its implementation. In the course of the analysis, an excess of supply may be revealed, then the idea should be corrected according to the state of affairs in the market. In case of increased demand, you can safely get down to business. For market analysis, you can use outsourcing, but for organizing own business it would be better to research this issue yourself, this will help to give an objective assessment of your business and determine the strengths and weaknesses of your project.

Identifying the strengths and weaknesses of your project

It identifies the most likely problematic aspects and prospects for business ideas.

For analysis, use the SWOT matrix.

How to competently draw up the structure of a production project for investors yourself - the content of the main sections

The typical structure of a business plan and the content of its main sections to attract investors consists of several parts:

Summary -summary project, which is displayed on the title page, plays a leading role in the consideration of the project by investors.

Business characteristics - detailed business information.

Market analysis - description of the market situation in your case.

Project description - rationale and description of the idea, especially its commercial side.

How to write a business plan to attract investors? This will require a high level of skill and knowledge in your field, as well as experience and time to write a project. However, the implementation of such an idea may be rewarded with financial investments.

Summary

The summary of the project, although located at the beginning, is drawn up at the very end of writing the plan. When the document is fully prepared, it will be easier for you to present a summary of the project itself.

The summary includes several aspects:

  • objective of the project;
  • financial need;
  • competitiveness.

It depends on how competently and professionally you approach writing a resume, whether your project will be considered further or not.

Project idea and SWOT analysis

In describing your business in detail, it is important to maintain a balance, not to overdo it with details, but at the same time to provide all the necessary information for an investor on the topic. For this, one can describe general characteristics enterprises, the quantitative composition and professionalism of the working structure, tell about the main goods or services, promising aspects of production and other aspects of the business.

SWOT analysis will help to give a real assessment of your strengths and weaknesses, as well as point out possible risks or promising aspects of the project.

SWOT means:

strengths– strengths and perspective;

Weakness s - weaknesses and shortcomings;

Opportunities- chances, opportunities;

Threats- risks.

This section of the business plan is small in content, but the process of the analysis itself is considered quite complicated and takes a lot of time.

  • Conduct a market analysis tailored to your needs. Marketing Analysis will help to collect complete information on competitors and consumers, and determine your target audience.
  • The next step will be to determine the optimal location of the office, enterprise, which will be convenient for the consumer. To do this, you need to compare the number of consumers that are needed for the business to pay off with the audience that is within the radius of the proposed location.
  • If the market is oversaturated with competitors, you will need to think over your strategic move, focusing on the uniqueness of your product or service.
  • Define distribution channels.
  • Calculate the necessary costs to attract the consumer.
  • Decide on the pricing policy, which tactics will be the most profitable, high cost with little demand or a competitive price with a large flow of consumers.
  • Service and maintenance is also not unimportant for most customers, while they are willing to pay more for the high quality service they receive.

Production

This section covers in detail the essence of your business: what do you plan to do?

The production plan states:

  • suppliers of goods and equipment;
  • location of the enterprise;
  • what is the performance;
  • step by step production;
  • level of qualification of employees;
  • calculation of the necessary deductions to various funds,
  • logistics costs.

Many factors affect how much money will be spent on the implementation of the future business.

When describing the technology of the final result of production, you will discover other sides of your idea that did not come to mind before. There will be questions related to the storage of goods or problems with the delivery of imported raw materials, a lack of qualified specialists in this field.

After all the subtleties, let's move on to the financial part. Subsequently, calculations may have to be made and adjustments to the plan itself, for example, to reduce costs or change production technology.

This section describes the entire structure of the enterprise and its management. Such a scheme simplifies the system of distribution of rights and powers of structural units.

Assuming the organization of the entire company, it will be easier to draw up a system of interaction between departments and personnel policy.

Organization Chart allows you to plunge deep into production and reveals the truth of who and how will bring the implementation of the project into reality.

Finance

When drawing up a financial plan, it is important to determine how much investment is required to start, how long they will pay off, from which the income and expenses of your business will be regulated.

The first thing you need to calculate is how much money you will need to invest in organizing and implementing the stability of your business. After that, the expected profit is calculated, the average number of consumers per month is predicted. This will allow you to calculate the real payback period of the project. This stage will help determine how many customers should be during the month, and what should be the amount in order to pay off the invested capital in a certain period of time.

The calculation indicators in this section will help you weigh all the pros and cons. this project, and understand whether the game is worth the candle or not. Potential investors also evaluate the project according to the data provided in the Finance section.

The financial section directly links all the points of the business plan.

In view of this, if adjustments or additions are made to any of the sections, then this will necessarily affect financial calculations, or vice versa, changes and adjustments in finance will affect other structures.

Risk Forecast

Based on financial indicators, compare the essence of the business plan and give an objective assessment of what you see. Is the material accessible? What sides does it reveal? If I were an investor, would I invest in it?

If your answers were positive, then you have perfectly completed the first stage of your activity, you can proceed to the next one, the implementation of your idea! This outcome paves the way for a successful start to your project.

How to write for a beginner short review(summary) of the project - rules for compiling

The executive summary is the protagonist of the project, the basis of the business plan, revealing the contents of the package on one sheet of paper, often after reading which investors either show interest in getting to know the project in more depth, or leave it without even looking inside. Therefore, in order to adequately and clearly present it, it is given time last, when the entire document has already been drawn up.

A well-written summary will give the right impression about its originator, his idea and plans.

Goals and objectives of the company

Briefly describe the essence of the activity, mention at what stage of development your business is.

For example, the goal of the project is to open a clothing store for the whole family "Happy Family".

Or the goal of the project is to open a network of Bonjour coffee shops, where the products of the confectionery factory will be sold under the same logo.

Essence of the project and business concept

A short description of my entrepreneurial activity, its specifics and stages of development.

Brief analysis

The analysis of the market situation includes a summary of the conducted market research, which includes the marketing area:

  1. The total effective demand of the proposed sales product or service.
  2. characteristics of the competitive group.
  3. Product competitiveness.
  4. To give the summary more weight in the eyes of investors, information sources are indicated that are trustworthy and participation in the market analysis of well-known marketers, the entire marketing move is based on this.

What does the organization's marketing look like, how to prepare the main parts?

For the first stage of business development, a marketing plan is important, which includes the target audience, an advertising move that attracts and retains the attention of customers.

A well-designed marketing plan will be a guide for you, following which you will not only get the maximum number of loyal customers, but also increase the profit of your organization.

Part I. Summary of current products and / or preconditions for the creation of new ones

  1. Summary of current goods. This will require a thorough analysis of how the objectives were achieved and how marketing plans last year, which strategies and tactics were used, which worked, and which did not produce results. Highlight key lessons learned from last year's marketing system, describe the lessons learned from the lessons and apply them in the new year.
  2. Prerequisites for creating a new product. To launch a new product on the market, you need to briefly and simply describe the idea for it. The carefully crafted concept of the new product will be outlined in the main part of the plan. It is desirable to give a source of the idea of ​​a new product, which will emphasize the need for it.

Part II. situational analysis

A situational analysis is the rationale behind your marketing planning, a foundation that will give solid support to your decisions and reasons for a certain approach. Evaluation of the conformity of the strategies and tactics of the subdivisions with the prerequisites of the constructed plan.

Part III. Strategic Direction

A brief description of the main direction of the product, target audience, benefits and positioning, performance criteria.

How to make a production plan, what are the right points?

Development of a business plan for an enterprise, including a production plan, which determines the size of the workforce and the amount of resources required for the production of goods;

The production plan includes:

  • manufacturing process;
  • the needs of the enterprise in stocks, materials, fixed assets;
  • quality control of products and production process;
  • major suppliers of various materials;
  • production facilities - use, location, advantages, disadvantages, buildings, adjustments;
  • staff - number of employees different specifics, their salary, level of education or qualifications.

Important for the production plan is a description of the achievement of quality control, procurement and production costs, ensure Maintenance.

Cost control is carried out on the basis of cost analysis, which determines the compliance of planned and standard volumes. Due to the importance of cost control in every organizational process, the enterprise must know at what stage the product is located, require reporting from managers competent in this matter.

Procurement control. It helps to control the discipline of deliveries, track the quality of raw materials, quantity, characteristics and prices of goods from suppliers.

For simplicity and efficiency of such control, use the following steps:

  • collect maximum truthful and accurate data on the conditions and dates of deliveries;
  • collect data on the quality of supplies, their compliance with production standards;
  • get supplier price data.

Supplier control. For this, one or two suppliers are selected for long-term cooperation, as a result, this ensures the reliability of supplies and the effectiveness of cooperation.

Inventory control. To do this, use the re-order system after completing its certain level. Re-ordering is used to minimize the ongoing cost of maintaining inventory, and also this approach ensures the proper level of customer service.

Maintenance control. This need must be taken into account at the initial stages of equipment design in the production plan.

Quality control. A comprehensive customer-oriented program improves the quality of production processes and products.

This activity carries out constant quality control of products for compliance with established GOSTs and standards.

How to develop and build an organizational chart?

To build the main work schedule, you need overall plan production. The basic organizational system clearly records the type and quantity of each individual product manufactured, and gives detailed information about how, where and when it will be produced tomorrow, next week, next month. The data also includes the number of working class, production needs. The organizational chart, first of all, divides the general plan into separate detailed operational sub-plans for each product, and then they are combined into a general production plan, which was discussed above.

How to calculate a financial plan - calculation step by step

Due to the insufficiently stable market situation, when analyzing a business, experts have to pay attention not only to mathematical calculations potential income of organizations. It is also very important to take into account the level of demand for the product / service produced, as well as the social component of the field of activity where the organization develops.

Since many factors affect the economic component in business development, it is not always possible to bring the company to the desired level of profitability. Therefore, the financial plan is designed to control the profits and expenses of the company, which allows the owner of the organization not to incur losses.

When calculating a financial plan, you should pay attention to 3 important criteria:

  • the effectiveness of the financial plan;
  • possible risks;
  • final analysis of the financial plan.

Determining the effectiveness of the financial plan is an important point at the planning stage. This is what allows us to evaluate the effectiveness of the company's activities in the market in a competitive environment.

When calculating the financial plan, the most significant are such indicators.

This is the amount of expected profit from the calculation of the cost of the product / service at the moment.

The reasons for the change in the indicator may be:

  • inflation;
  • the risk of losing investment;
  • investments bring predicted income.

If in the course of calculations this indicator has a value of 0, this indicates the absence of unprofitability.

Profitability

Profitability is a complex indicator of the financial productivity of the company. With the help of this indicator, the owner has the opportunity to understand how successful his project is, as well as to figure out whether the income received is stable.

If the profitability indicator has a negative value, then the company does not generate income, but there are only losses.

The profitability indicator is classified into 2 groups:

  • sales ratio - the percentage of income from each unit of currency (allows you to understand the effectiveness of pricing policy, as well as regulate costs);
  • profitability of an asset is a relative indicator of performance (allows you to see the possibility of making a profit from the company's activities).

Payback periods

This is a time indicator that displays the period for which the full payback of the business occurs.

The payback indicator is divided into the following subgroups:

  • a simple indicator (it is the time period after which the investor will be able to return the invested funds);
  • dynamic indicator (to calculate the indicator, data on the value of cash are used, which depend on the inflation threshold throughout the entire time).

As a rule, it is the dynamic indicator that always prevails over the simple one.

To calculate the financial plan, you need to use the following formulas.

Net discount income is calculated as

NPV=NK+(D1-P1)/(1+SD1)+(D2-P2)/(1+SD2)+(D3-P3)/(1+SD3), where

  • NK - initial capital of expenses and investments;
  • D1-D3 - income by years, depending on the number next to it;
  • P1-P3 - expenses by years, depending on the number next to it;
  • SD - discount rate.

To calculate profitability, you need

ROOD=POR/PZ, where

  • ROOD - profitability from the main activity;
  • POR - profit from sales;
  • PP - incurred costs.

CO=NC/NPV, where

  • SO - payback period;
  • NK - initial capital (if necessary, additional investments are added to this figure;
  • NPV is the company's net discount income.

Despite the simplicity of the formulas, today it is more convenient to carry out calculations using specialized programs. If you are new to business, it is easier to purchase demo versions of such programs, their cost is much less, and the functionality is similar.

How to correctly calculate the risk forecast - a detailed procedure

Since it takes a lot of time to create a financial plan from scratch, it is sometimes easier to analyze an existing one and correct weaknesses. This will speed up the process of obtaining profit from the activities of the organization.

As they say, risk is a noble cause, but this expression should not be used in business. It is the financial plan that serves to ensure that the company can prevent unpleasant situations in order to avoid losses. It is important to consider all possible situations and choose the safest solution.

According to the sphere of influence, risks are classified into 3 groups.

Commercial

External factors of commercial risks are:

  • decline in demand for manufactured products/services;
  • unexpected entry of a competitor into the market;
  • fraud on the part of business partners (delivery of low-quality raw materials, delays in the supply of goods, etc.);
  • instability of prices for technical support and services.

These are just the most common external causes that can negatively affect the financial plan. It is very important to consider the scope of the company and consider the impact of each specific unforeseen situation in a timely manner.

Financial

Financial risks are unforeseen items of expenses, as well as receiving unforeseen profits.

Reasons for financial risks may include the following:

  • in late payments for goods/services by buyers;
  • receivables;
  • increased rates from creditors;
  • changes in legislation that entail an increase in the cost of doing business;
  • unstable situation with the currency in the world markets.

Control of the above risks allows avoiding possible losses and bankruptcy.

Production

Such risks are associated with changes in the operating mode of the company due to unforeseen circumstances.

The reason for the production risk can be:

  • insufficient level of qualification of workers;
  • protests and strikes that disrupt the work schedule of the organization;
  • production of low-quality products, which entails a decrease in demand for goods and a decrease in sales;
  • there is no quality control of the manufactured goods.

If such risks are not controlled in a timely manner when drawing up a financial plan, investments in the business will be unjustified (no income, losses grow).

In order to avoid all kinds of risks, it is worth using risk management techniques. To do this, they can use means to resolve the risk, as well as techniques to reduce the degree of risk.

The means to resolve risks can be:

  • risk avoidance (avoiding a situation that may entail risk often implies that the investor refuses to make a profit);
  • risk retention (responsibility for possible negative consequences rests with the investor making the decision);
  • transfer of risk (the investor transfers responsibility for the risk, for example, to an insurance company).

Risk Reduction

This is a reduction in the volume of losses and a decrease in the likelihood of a risky situation. To reduce the likelihood, various methods and means can be used.

Diversification

The essence of diversification lies in the division of capital between different investors who are interconnected, as well as different forms of activity of the organization itself, goods produced / services provided. Diversification is the most reasonable and least expensive way to reduce financial risks. But, the risk of investments can be dissipated with the help of diversification, but it is still impossible to reduce the probability to zero. This is due to the fact that there are external factors (not related to the choice of objects for investment) that cannot be influenced downward.

Obtaining additional data and information

The maximum possession of information allows for the most accurate forecasting and reduces the likelihood of risks for decision making - this makes data and information as valuable as possible.

Limitation

The essence of limiting is the establishment of a limit - the maximum allowable amount of expenses, sales, lending, etc.

self-insurance

This procedure means that the entrepreneur decides to insure himself, and not to purchase insurance from insurance companies. This reduces the cost of insurance capital. The essence of self-insurance is the creation of reserve funds, the task of the procedure is to overcome temporary financial difficulties as quickly as possible.

Insurance

This is the most popular and important technique for reducing the degree of risk. The essence of insurance is that the organization is ready to give up a certain part of its income in order to avoid risk. talking in simple words, the company is willing to pay to reduce the likelihood of risk and financial loss to zero.

To avoid the most unpleasant consequences, the owner of the company must regularly resort to preventive measures, for example, analyze the activity of competitors in the market.

In conclusion, I would like to note that a financial plan can be considered successful in such a situation:

  • if high incomes are visible, and financial costs are minimal;
  • when the predicted risks are eliminated at the initial stage;
  • when the activity of the enterprise is worthy of competition with similar companies;
  • when the company has a material and technical base and funds are invested in it;
  • in the presence of documentary evidence of the profitability of the company.

The financial plan has many subtleties. Thanks to correct analysis obtained data, it is possible to eliminate shortcomings and avoid unprofitability.

After getting acquainted with general requirements on writing a business plan, we can conclude that before embarking on the realization of your dream, it is still important to set out detailed plan its achievements on paper, calculate all the pros and cons, and eventually begin to act according to your planning.

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Term business plan went from the English expression business plan. A business plan is a structured document describing the stages of a company's development, its main activities, its strategies and risks. At its core business plan- this is a roadmap designed to bring the business to the planned goal, passing the planned routes, taking into account the intermediate stages and showing the results obtained as a result.

💡 Write a business plan or download a ready one?

Often when starting a business, when starting a business, the question arises for aspiring entrepreneurs to download a business plan or write their own? Of course, if you have sufficient experience, it is better to write your own unique business plan. True, not many entrepreneurs who first thought about starting a business have the skill of such an activity. In this case, it is better to keep in mind that writing a business plan is necessary if your business:

  • unique
  • requires big calculations
  • implies non-standard stages of development
  • involves unconventional risks
  • there are non-standard requirements for the format, for example, a potential investor
In most cases, when opening a small business, it is quite possible to use a ready-made business plan from a trusted source, of course, with its refinement according to your data.

💡 Where can I get a ready-made business plan?

On the Internet, there are a huge number of paid and free business plans. Despite the greater variety, we recommend using the business plans presented on our portal. All business plans are provided absolutely free of charge, contain detailed financial calculations and take into account risks. In addition, the portal presents a huge number of business ideas structured by areas of activity.

 

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