Professions in the field of management. Development of the practical area of ​​HR. What kind of profession is management

A profession is a concept that arose with the development of society and the emergence of a division of labor, when people began to engage in a certain type of activity. Someone chose an occupation for himself - trade, someone - the production of goods, for example, pottery, someone became a doctor. At the same time, a need arose in society for managers who would skillfully coordinate the actions of various segments of the population and influence their fellow citizens and social processes.

What is management

Management - critical process, which combines planning, organization, motivation for action and control over the implementation of tasks, ultimately leading to the achievement of certain goals.

Professions related to management have always been highly rated in society. Not every person can become a manager, for this, first of all, such traits as ambition, the desire to implement some ideas, the ability to influence people and find a common language with them are necessary.

The specifics of managerial professions

Initially, management meant managing people, a team. But in fact, this concept is much broader. It is possible to allocate personnel management, production, processes, financial flows, quality. Development modern society and the economy gives rise to all new types of professions related to management.

The profession of a manager appeared, which means "management" in English. This is one of the most popular and sought-after specialties at the present time.

It requires a person to be sociable, decisive, in-depth knowledge in the field of activity where he works, whether it is banking, or enterprise management, or organizing the work of a team, or promoting goods.

The manager organizes the work in the area entrusted to him and supervises the employees.

Professions related to management

Modern universities offer wide choose management specialties. If a young person has an active life position and wants to do successful career, it makes sense to go to study as a specialist in state and municipal service, which will give him the opportunity to join the ranks of politicians and have a direct impact on the development of the economy in the country and improve the standard of living of fellow citizens.

Financial Manager, HR manager, organization manager is also always in demand in the labor market.

On job sites, you can see dozens of ads, the authors of which are looking for managers. Potential employers call for sales managers, personnel management, logistics, purchasing, and so on. Who is a manager, and what kind of profession is management?

What kind of profession is a manager?

The word management came into Russian from English. English management means management. The term is usually used to refer to the practical management activities. Management refers to the management of organizations, projects and processes in different levels: from political or business leadership at the level of senior managers to the administration of small divisions or individual business processes.

For example, the chairman of the board commercial bank is a top manager who manages financial institution. And the consumer lending manager of the same bank is, in fact, an ordinary specialist who manages a separate business process.

In business organizations with a high level of corporate culture, managers are called classical managers who are responsible for the work of departments and have subordinate employees. Ordinary representatives of such companies are called specialists or experts. That is, a bank employee responsible for consumer lending in a particular branch or point of sale, it is correct to call a specialist, and not a manager or manager.

How much does a manager earn? What salary?

Actually, this is an absurd question. For example, CEO"Sberbank of Russia" is a manager. Also called a manager is a recruiter in a small trading company or a logistics expert in the supply department of a factory.

The level of income of an employee depends on his value to the company, his place in the hierarchy of the organization, the ability to sell himself to the employer. The proud title of "manager" does not provide a high salary or a personal driver and secretary.

Where is the profession of "manager" taught?

You can go to university with a degree in management. Usually universities stipulate the specialization of future graduates. For example, there is organizational management, environmental management, personnel managers, and so on. After graduating from university, you will receive a diploma. The document will confirm that you have received a bachelor's or master's degree in management.

Please note that a diploma does not guarantee you the position of a real manager in employment. Moreover, it would be absurd if an inexperienced graduate would take the post of manager in any organization.

Yesterday's student cannot immediately claim the role of a manager

To become a real manager or leader, you need to gain experience, go through career ladder and take the right position. It takes someone their whole life to become the head of a department from an ordinary employee. And someone manages to become a leader from a beginner in a year regional representation companies.

In addition, a real manager must meet certain intellectual and personal characteristics.

Psychological characteristics of a manager

The manager must know well the business of his company, its products, the market in broad sense this word and consumers. He must also be broad-minded. This is the minimum set of intellectual qualities required for a leader.

The main personal characteristics required by a manager include:

High emotional intelligence, personal charisma. To captivate subordinates, the leader must be an interesting and strong personality. In this case, he will practically not have to use the so-called whip or punishment in his work with employees.

Sociability. The manager can be an extrovert or an introvert. But he shouldn't have communication problems. The manager should simply communicate with colleagues, subordinates, top management, partners, clients, and government officials.

Objectivity and a sense of justice. The boss can be a tyrant and a tyrant. But subordinates do not respect such leaders. But the employee is happy to work under the guidance of a fair manager who adheres to ethical standards.

Also, the manager should have a standard set personal qualities needed to survive in a corporate environment. First of all, we are talking about stress tolerance, since every employee faces different stresses every day.

The manager is the leader

However, at present, it is customary to call almost any employee a manager. The classic manager can be attributed to a specialist who occupies leadership position, has subordinate employees and manages business processes. And the so-called line managers are rather specialists or experts.

Introduction

1. Definitions of management as a science

2. Profession manager

3. Qualities necessary for a manager

4. Control functions

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

The topic of management as a profession is especially relevant in our modern time. Agree that most people do not want to work as subordinates, but want to manage the organization. More and more people are striving for this, but not everyone achieves their goals, and not everyone deserves the role of a manager.

Personally, as a student of the Faculty of State and municipal government this topic is of great concern. I, as a future specialist, leader, want to know what management is, what definitions exist for this science. Also, what this profession includes; what qualities a specialist should have in order to become successful in his kind of activity. I want to be successful, thanks to the work I was able to learn what will help me achieve my goal.

The main goal of my work is to define the essence of management as a type of human activity.

I set myself the following tasks:

Consider the history of the origin of management.

Define the role of management in modern world.

Consider the functions of management.

The object of my research is a manager who manages an organization.

The subject of my research is qualities, various facets of personality.

To achieve the goal, it is necessary to consider periodic literature, books, reference books and encyclopedias on this topic, analyze the knowledge gained, write out theses of the answer to this question. I think that my own reasoning will also help me in revealing the topic.


Definitions of management as a science

In recent years, profound economic transformations have taken place in our country. the Russian Federation as an independent state, it has taken a course towards carrying out market reforms that should ensure the well-being and freedom of Russian citizens, the country's economic revival, and the growth and prosperity of the domestic economy. Indeed, the time in which we live is an era of change. In socio-political life, this is the transition from totalitarianism to democracy, in the economy - from the administrative-command system to the market, in life individual person- its transformation from a "cog" into an independent business entity.

Property relations have changed significantly, and with them the goals of the organization's activities, the mechanisms of their interaction. Under these conditions, the role of governing structures - management - has also increased significantly.

We can say that management appeared together with people. Where at least two people united in an effort to achieve some common purpose, the task of coordinating their joint actions arose, the solution of which one of them had to take on. Under these conditions, he became a leader, manager, and the other - his subordinate, executor.

During the years of our economy's transition to a market economy, along with the usual phrase "management of an organization or enterprise", another phrase "management of an organization or enterprise" became common. Currently, they are most often used as concepts identical, interchangeable. What is management?

There are many definitions and interpretations of this word. Let's consider some of them.

In a simplified sense, management is the ability to achieve goals using labor, intelligence, and the motives of other people's behavior.

In Fundamental Oxford Dictionary in English management is defined as a way, a manner of dealing with people, the power and art of management, a special kind of skills and administrative skills, a governing body, an administrative unit.

The American textbook for management students gives the following definition: “Management is the process of optimizing human, material and financial resources to achieve organizational goals. Moreover, the process here is understood as a system of actions taken by managers. Optimization means that managers should work towards achieving the best long-term results, and goals are those results that the main shareholders of the company achieve.

The object of control can be a natural phenomenon, technical or economic system. Despite the specifics of each type of management, they have common feature: the impact on objects with a small amount of energy should give a significant result.

So we got acquainted with the definitions of management, and now I would like to talk about the profession of a manager.


Profession Manager

The profession of a manager is difficult, but at the same time it has many attractive sides, it is very interesting. In the modern world, not every person is able to become a good manager. Why do I think so? Because in the past the workers were for the most part a submissive, poorly educated, faceless mass and in the best possible way handling them was considered coercion. Yes, and managers were people in the first place with obvious dictatorial abilities. People were forced to work without reason.

Nowadays, everything is completely different. With the understanding that workers should not be forced to work, but encouraged, the requirements for managers have changed. The manager is like the head of the family, the father who treats his subordinates with firmness, but with justice.

The manager often has to solve the most difficult tasks in critical situations and uncertain prospects.

This profession provides great opportunities for personal development, gives dignity to a person, is exciting and exciting.

Life as a leader is not easy. On their way, they meet many difficulties, the main of which, according to universal recognition, is the management of subordinates. In second place is the planning of the company's activities and in third place is the dismissal of employees. You can also note the problem of managing your time, delegation of authority, financial "wilds", decision-making and conflict resolution.


Qualities required for a manager

A manager needs to possess a number of qualities to be successful. Just getting along with people is not enough, interaction must be provided with a reliable material base, which creates a reliable uninterrupted sale of goods. This will also require brokerage skills from the manager.

And finally, today, firms have grown so much that it has become almost impossible to manage them alone. In addition, managers have added many external functions, including interaction with partners, trade unions, government and political figures. Each direction is handled by an independent manager, so the head of the corporation becomes an organizing manager, whose main duty is to coordinate the activities of a group of managers.

Fulfilling this duty, the modern manager acts in several guises.

Firstly, it is a manager, vested with power, leading a large team of people.

Secondly, this is a leader who is able to lead his subordinates, using his authority, high professionalism, positive emotions.

Thirdly, it is a diplomat who establishes contacts with partners and authorities and successfully overcomes internal and external conflicts.

Fourthly, this is an educator with high moral qualities, capable of creating a team and directing its development in the right direction.

Fifthly, this is an innovator who understands the role of science in modern conditions, who is able to evaluate and immediately introduce this or that invention or rationalization proposal into production.

Sixthly, this is just a person with high knowledge and abilities, a level of culture, honesty, decisiveness of character and at the same time prudence, capable of being a model for others in all respects.

The personal qualities of a manager include, first of all, honesty and decency, which always presuppose the observance of the norms of universal morality, modesty and fairness in relation to others.

The leader should try to understand his subordinates, see them as individuals worthy of respect, be able to understand their behavior, be humane and take care of people, strive for cooperation, while taking into account the interests of all.

A manager must be principled in all matters, be able to resist pressure from both "above" and "below", consistently and firmly stand his ground, not hide his views, defend to the end the values ​​that they profess, and help others acquire these values. by personal example, and not moralizing, firmly keep the given word.

Another group of qualities that any manager needs are professional ones. This is competence, i.e. system of special knowledge and practical skills. It is special and managerial. This culture is general, technical, economic, legal, informational, psychological and pedagogical. A number of other points are also important. First of all, a modern manager is distinguished by a good knowledge of both internal and external reality, an understanding of the goals of the company and his unit, the ability to see problems, highlight the most significant aspects in them, and be receptive to novelty and change. This is impossible without possessing mental abilities above the average level, the ability to analyze the situation, create and critically evaluate various plans and programs, make decisions, take responsibility for their implementation, work hard and hard for this, be energetic and decisive.

However, the leader must be not only well prepared and highly educated, but also creative personality. He is required not only to believe in his own creative abilities, but also to appreciate such abilities in others, to be able to mobilize and use them, overcoming all the obstacles encountered on the way. To do this, you need to be persistent, feel the need for change, be able to break with traditions, accept new ideas and innovative solutions, and systematically use them.

Personnel is a direction of training that is in demand today. It has good prospects. There are many associated with this activity. modern professions. Each of the specialties has features that a novice worker should be familiar with. A big jump in demand for this direction has been observed over the past 7 years. This is due to profitability, popularity and excellent prospects.

The specifics of the profession

Human resource management is not for everyone. Anyone who knows how to communicate, loves to analyze and think a lot, strives for informal work, can apply for personnel management as a professional activity. Aspirations can be achieved through a variety of direction management. Conventionally, the activities of a manager are divided into 4 types:

  1. Diagnostician(assessment and selection of personnel).
  2. Consultant(optimal search for all possible methods of solving the problem).
  3. Coach-manager(improving the efficiency of the enterprise by improving the competence of employees).
  4. (makes decisions that develop the organization in a complex way).

Professional activity related to personnel depends on the principle of the organization and its specialists involved in this process. Consideration of different models is allowed, and among them consulting and personnel agencies are the most popular. The specificity of their work lies in the competent selection of personnel for vacant position.

Personnel management implies a high level of competence and professionalism. Production work associated with the possession of several specialties and a specialized line of production.

Specialty training

Universities offer higher education in personnel management, which is qualified by studying a number of disciplines and practices.

According to the specialty program at universities, the following disciplines are taught:

Practice is designed to teach how to develop production problem solving skills, which include:

  • analysis of the labor market, tracking its development and relevance of directions;
  • creation and implementation personnel policy;
  • development management strategy;
  • staffing the enterprise, determining the qualifications of employees and accounting for personnel;
  • competent movement of personnel;
  • internship, training, stimulation career development;
  • adaptation of new employees and reorientation;
  • motivation and control of internal relations;
  • selection of talented people, their business qualities;
  • the formation of the corporate spirit of the enterprise and the prevention of conflicts;
  • ability to work with labor legislation.

The knowledge gained at the university allows you to apply for good position in large corporations. The modern labor market needs professional people who can select and stimulate personnel.

Types of HR Specialists

Diagnostician

People with this specialty can work in recruitment agencies and organizations that need a flow of employees. The purpose of the work is in competent assessment of personnel based on psychological methods and checking a personal file for the purpose of security. Personnel management allows you to search for people while visiting exhibitions, browsing sites and visiting universities.

In recruitment agencies, personnel are selected for various organizations, and therefore management training allows you to work there as:

  1. Administrator - a specialist manages the search process and evaluates the quality of personnel.
  2. Contractor - is engaged in the search, diagnosis and verification of personal files.

Working in an agency implies having a higher education in psychology. A recruitment agency is often hired without experience, which allows you to start well as a personnel officer.

Most often, people are selected, focusing on professional abilities. It is better if a person knows the production well or has work experience.

Head-hunter stands out in a separate group - this specialist is engaged in the search for personnel with education, but in fact, lures staff to his company. This specialty in Russia is only now gaining momentum in popularity. Such a specialist must combine extensive connections with psychological characteristics.

Coach-managers

This activity involves working in a training company that is able to offer training programs, namely sales, management, training trainings for promising professionals.

Anyone who has ability to design and implement programs. Another way of career growth is considered to be serious study at the university. Not bad if you have experience. Those who teach sales often have sales skills. The ideal person to form a team is a person who has assembled his own team himself.

The coach must combine the ability to communicate, quickly diagnose the situation, think creatively and study the characteristics of personnel groups.

Consultants

First of all, these people are bring new knowledge to people. An important quality of the specialty in personnel management is the absence of limited thinking. Consultants need to be trained in psychology and economics, as well as to know the specifics of Russian marketing and risk calculation methods.

To get a job in a consulting firm, you need to have coaching experience and education in economics and consulting. The demand for such professionals in Russia is still small, because not everyone knows that the work is highly paid and difficult. Today, in our country, the demand for counseling is just beginning to form.

Most enterprises hire a specialist in corporate culture. These people are responsible for the management of the firm, the methods of advertising and the observance of traditions. The job requires the ability to connect various events into a single whole, explain to people the reasons for difficulties in the company and find solutions for any problems.

This position often involves consolidation of previous specialties. One of the methods to become a head of personnel management is considered to be the path from a junior specialist to a boss. The HR director and the head of the personnel department necessarily interact with managers of other departments in the main areas of the enterprise. Often these managers "grow up" to the position of the deputy management of the company, and therefore those who know the production itself and specialize in personnel management become administrators.

In most faculties government controlled and law introduced a specialization aimed at training administrators.

Basic principles

The description of the activities of a personnel manager suggests the presence of a penchant for interdisciplinary knowledge. A professional person must have knowledge and technology related to the following areas:

  • psychology (behavior and motivation);
  • law (knowledge Labor Code, the practice of drafting contracts and maintaining documentation);
  • sociology of organization (method sociological research, features of the development of the enterprise);
  • economy (financial development of the organization and marketing).

What should a specialist know?

When getting the profession of personnel management, “whom to work with” is a question that sharply confronts a graduate. First you need to figure out what knowledge you need to have professional man.

Working with the right speech is the main thing that is required from an employee. In addition, he must present information clearly and concisely and the results of the analyses. Reports and characteristics are studied by employees and management, sometimes far from sociology and psychology. The personnel officer needs to write in such a way that readers understand the meaning of his words.

Another requirement for a specialist is the interest and desire for professional development in their activities. Understanding the strengths and weaknesses person. If a person is attracted by theory and practice with by human resourses, training in this specialty is exactly right for him.

The prospects for personnel management are very bright, and therefore education in this area has become relevant.

Advanced training for managers

In specialized institutions, training and advanced training of various specialists is carried out. As a rule, courses are short-term. Studying proccess it can be stationary, evening or correspondence. Specialized seminars on personnel management and new legislation have become popular.

An important point in the qualification improvement is the study of periodical literature and participation in modern conferences.

It is hard to imagine the work of any large enterprise or organization without personnel service, because the labor path of each person begins precisely with communication with employees of the personnel department. To date, positive changes continue to occur in the field of personnel management, and personnel officers are becoming people who not only monitor the proper processing of personal files of employees of the enterprise, but also have the opportunity to influence labor collective by applying various methods to improve labor efficiency and achieve a high level of personnel return for the benefit of the organization.

The popular scientist and management consultant Edward Deming noted that the main element in the business system is people, and how effectively these people give their strength to the benefit of the organization absolutely depends on the work of the personnel management service. But in order to understand what function the personnel management system performs and what is needed in order to become a manager in this area, one should take a closer look at the very specifics of practical activity.

Definition and essence of personnel management

Personnel management, or HR management, is an area of ​​activity that is aimed at forming in an organization quality staff. The main responsibilities of the HR staff are:

  • selection and hiring of personnel;
  • optimizing the use of personnel;
  • control over the proper performance by the employees of the organization of their functional duties.

Development of the practice area of ​​HR

In the field of human resource management over the past five years, many new areas, professions and specialties have appeared that differ in their focus. In addition to the main professions in personnel management, such as personnel officer, HR inspector or HR manager, sales trainers, training managers, corporate culture managers, personnel assessment specialists, and couch consultants are gaining popularity. It should be noted that specialists in this field remain in demand, and their activities bring a stable and fairly high income. This is due to the fact that many organizations, in order to achieve their goals, strive to create such a workforce that would be able to cope with their duties in a high-quality and highly professional manner, but, accordingly, professionals in the selection and hiring of personnel are needed for this.

Education in the field of personnel management

The profession of personnel management requires special education and certain internal qualities on which it depends whether a person will be successful in his labor activity in this area. Today, many higher education institutions with an economic focus provide an opportunity to get a proper education in this direction. During the training, you can study such areas as psychology, economics at various levels, office work, sociology, political science, management, as well as the legal support of personnel management and many other disciplines that will help the future specialist master necessary knowledge and skills to work with people. It is worth noting that education in this area can be both full-time and part-time. The most sought-after employees in this area are those people who have completed a master's degree in this specialty.

What are the responsibilities of a Human Resources Specialist?

The main responsibilities of an HR manager (HR specialist) include:

  • organization of work on staffing in accordance with the objectives and goals of the enterprise;
  • staffing of the enterprise;
  • assistance in the adaptation of personnel in the organization;
  • study of the labor market to identify sources of staffing the organization;
  • forecasting staffing needs;
  • resolution of various labor disputes;
  • grade labor activity employees;
  • development of proposals for improving the working conditions of employees;
  • performance appraisal of employees;
  • organization of work aimed at improving the skills of employees and the possibility of their training;
  • staffing development;
  • participation in development collective agreement and other primary documents regulating the labor activity of the organization;
  • motivation and stimulation of employees of the organization.

Types of specialists in the work of personnel management

Based on the fact that in the field of human resource management in recent years there have been many changes and this area has received wide demand, it has become more difficult for specialists to develop and work in all areas of personnel management. This factor led to their division into conditional types.

HR managers can be divided into the following types:

  • diagnosticians;
  • trainer-managers;
  • consultants;
  • administrators.

The peculiarity of each of these types is in the options for realizing the professional aspirations of a person in the field of human resource management from an enterprise or organization where a personnel specialist is involved.

It is worth dwelling on each of the above types in more detail.

Diagnostics

As a rule, recruitment agencies need diagnosticians either large enterprises in need of new staff. The task of an HR diagnostician is, first of all, an assessment of the staff, in other words, a comprehensive diagnosis of an employee and his personal file.

In their activities, such specialists use psychological techniques to test candidates and employees of the organization. Thanks to this approach, the organization is able to hire only highly professional personnel who cope with the tasks set and ensure the achievement of the company's goals.

In the case of recruitment agencies whose activities are aimed at recruiting employees for various organizations, diagnosticians Special attention they devote to the study of personal files, resumes, profiles and biographies of candidates for positions. Their main goal is to protect the customer company from non-professional personnel. Very often, head-hunters (head hunters) work in recruitment agencies - specialists who focus exclusively on experienced and professional personnel. It often happens that in order to satisfy the need of a certain organization for employees, the “bounty hunter” lures away already employed professionals from companies and firms. Head-hunters are highly skilled in psychology and have extensive connections with many firms.

Coach-managers

Coach-managers are involved in various companies conducting trainings for organizations on various programs. Specialists in the field of personnel management conduct seminars and trainings on sales, staff adaptation in the organization, team building and leadership, creation personnel reserve, time management. It is important that training managers should be able not only to correctly present information at trainings, but also to develop training programs.

Becoming a trainer-manager is quite difficult, since only those who have sufficient experience in the field in which they conduct their trainings can teach.

Consultants

The main task of a consultant is to correctly present knowledge to a person and transfer his experience in the field of personnel management to another person. One of the features that an HR consultant should have is the versatility of thinking. Consultants, being psychologists, must also be good economists. This is required in order to carry out the correct calculations of economic risks, various costs, benefits, as well as to know the specifics of marketing. The career of a consultant is multi-stage, such specialists must have the skills and abilities of the personnel management profession.

Administrators

The administrative type in the profession of personnel management is the most versatile, since it combines all the previous ones. It is extremely difficult to reach the so-called highest administrative level, and it takes a lot of time, theoretical and practical experience. This type includes heads of personnel management services. Heads of the service or department in the field of HR interact with all structural divisions organizations and their immediate supervisors and are personally responsible not only for the activities of their department, but also for the selection, hiring and organization of labor activities within the organization.

In addition to the above, administrators are required to organize and staffing personnel management within the framework of an integral system of the enterprise. Such an extremely responsible task can be handled by specialists who have the appropriate education and their own experience in human resource management. It should be noted that in higher educational institutions with a legal and economic bias, you can get an education in the specialty "personnel management", which already implies the possibility of achieving success in administration.

 

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