Improving the management of municipal utilities. Improving the management system of the housing and communal complex of the municipality on the example of the municipal enterprise of housing and communal services of the Bolshebukorsky village

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FEDERAL AGENCY FOR EDUCATION

Biysk Technological Institute (branch)

state educational institution of higher professional education

"Altai State Technical University

named after I.I. Polzunov"

Monograph

HOUSING AND UTILITIES MANAGEMENTSTVOMMUNICIPAL IMAGESBUTNIA

D.R. Mamashev, E.A. Vyatkina

Publishing house of the Altai State technical university them. I.I. Polzunova

UDC 332.8 (02)

Reviewers:

Deputy Head of the city of Biysk A.B. Lyamkin;

Candidate of Economics, Professor V.N. Klyukovkin (BTI AltSTU);

housing management company director

"BiKO-CENTER" V.G. Nebogin (Biysk)

Mamashev, D.R.

M 221 Management of housing and communal services of municipal government: monograph / D.R. Mamashev, E.A. Vyatkin;

Alt. state tech. un-t, BTI. - Biysk: Alt. state tech. un-ta, 2008. - 105 p.

ISBN 978-5-9257-0122-5

Under the scientific editorship of Doctor of Economics, Professor Povarich I.P.

The monograph analyzes the theoretical and methodological problems of managing the housing and communal services of the municipality in the context of its reform. It is proposed in the transitional period of the reform of housing and communal services, the development of professional management of the housing stock, the creation of a municipal management company and the structure of information and analytical support as mechanisms for improving the efficiency of the functioning of the housing and communal services of the municipality.

It is of interest to researchers, specialists of local governments, teachers, graduate students and students of higher educational institutions.

INTRODUCTION

1. THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF MANAGEMENT OF THE HOUSING AND UTILITY SERVICE OF THE MUNICIPALITY

1.1 Essence, goals, functions and features of housing and communal services as a subsystem of the municipal socio-economic system

1.2 Theoretical aspects management of the housing and communal subsystem of the municipal socio-economic system

1.3 Basic principles and directions of reforming the housing and communal services management system in Russian Federation

2. ANALYSIS OF THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF THE HOUSING AND UTILITIES OF THE MUNICIPALITY (BY THE EXAMPLE OF THE CITY OF BIYSK, ALTAI KRAI)

2.1 Structural and dynamic analysis of the state of housing and communal services of the municipality "City of Biysk"

2.2 Analysis of the management system of housing and communal services of the municipality "City of Biysk"

3. IMPROVEMENT OF THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF HOUSING AND UTILITIES OF THE MUNICIPAL FORMATION "CITY OF BIYSK"

3.1.1 Measures to improve the efficiency of the housing and communal services management system of the city of Biysk in the area of external government factors

3.1.2 Measures to improve the efficiency of the housing and communal services management system of the city of Biysk in the area of the impact of external economic factors

3.1.3 Measures to improve the efficiency of the housing and communal services management system of the city of Biysk in the field of managing internal financial and economic factors

3.1.4 Measures to improve the efficiency of the housing and communal services management system of the city of Biysk in the field of managing internal technological factors

3.2 Development of a system of professional management of the housing stock of the housing and communal services of Biysk (on the example of LLC Management Company Tsentralnaya)

3.2.1 Analysis of the existing housing stock management system (on the example of the municipal unitary enterprise of Biysk "Housing and exploitation trust No. 1")

3.2.2 Development of proposals for improving the system for setting tariffs for housing and communal services

3.2.3 Organization of a municipal management company as a way to improve the efficiency of housing stock management

3.3 The structure of information and analytical support as a mechanism for improving the efficiency of the functioning of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES (on the example of the city of Biysk)

3.3.1 Analysis of the awareness of the population of Biysk about the reform of housing and communal services

3.3.2 Creation of the structure of information and analytical support as a mechanism for improving the efficiency of the functioning of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES (on the example of the city of Biysk)

LITERATURE

INTRODUCTION

Housing and communal services (HCS) is one of the largest and most important sectors of the Russian economy. Due to the fact that more than 52 thousand enterprises of this industry with more than 3 million employees provide the services necessary to form the living environment of the population, the problem effective management the housing and communal services system is of high relevance. The introduction in 2005 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation led to the process of transformation of the housing and communal services management system and led to the need to form effective mechanisms for economic relations between subjects of the housing and communal services market at the federal, regional and municipal levels.

Of particular importance at present is the development of an effective management system for housing and communal services at the level of Russian municipalities, since the current Russian legislation, in particular Federal Law No. electricity, heat, gas and water supply to the population, water disposal, supply of fuel to the population, as well as other housing and communal services to issues of local importance of the municipality.

At present, a number of detailed works are devoted to the study of the problems of the functioning of the housing and communal services in Russia. However, these works are more focused on aspects of managing individual business entities operating in the housing and communal services sector, and such important issues as ensuring the interaction of enterprises and organizations of the industry with the population, local governments, developing a housing and communal services management system at the municipal level are often studied. insufficiently.

In addition, the current methodology of municipal management does not allow for a comprehensive solution of problems related to improving the efficiency of the functioning of housing and communal systems of the municipality in the conditions of crisis situation, since to a greater extent it is developed at the level of individual methods, rules and techniques that are effective only in certain prevailing conditions.

However, despite the presence of a significant number of scientific papers devoted to the problems of state and municipal administration, as well as the economy and management of housing and communal services, at present there are practically no interdisciplinary studies related to the development of a system for managing housing and communal services in municipal level.

1 . THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE MANAGEMENT OF THE HOUSING AND UTILITY SERVICE IN A MUNICIPALITY

1.1 Essence, goals, functions and features of housing and communal services as a subsidyWiththemes of the municipal socio-economic system

Housing and communal services is one of the largest and most important sectors of the Russian economy. Thus, the share of housing and communal services as a branch of the national economy in the gross domestic product of the Russian Federation is about 5.9%. At more than 52 thousand enterprises of the industry with a total value of fixed assets over 1 trillion. rubles (about 26% of the total value of fixed assets of Russian enterprises) employs more than 3 million workers. At present, the municipal economy consumes more than 20% of electricity and about 45% of thermal energy produced in Russia, and includes 56 thousand heating boiler houses, 179 thousand km of heat, 500 thousand km of electric, 444 thousand km of water and 176 thousand .km of sewer networks .

Thus, the problem of increasing the efficiency of management of enterprises in the housing and communal services sector is of great national economic importance and is currently becoming highly relevant.

Despite the fact that the term "housing and communal services" is widely used by scientists and practitioners, there are still disagreements in its interpretation. Most often, the concept of "housing and communal services" is considered in the following aspects that are close in semantic content, but not identical:

As a complex of industries of non-material production, producing services "necessary for the functioning of the housing stock", or more broadly - "forming the human environment";

As a complex of enterprises, services, engineering structures and networks necessary to meet the daily household, socio-cultural and communal needs of the population;

As a social territorial-sectoral system, which is a combination of housing and communal sectors of the municipal economy and the investment and construction complex.

Thus, at the level of the Russian economy as a whole, housing and communal services can be considered as one of the branches of the national economy that produces services necessary for the formation of the living environment of the population.

Currently, the current Russian legislation, in particular the Federal Law No. 131-FZ “On the General Principles of Organizing Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation”, assigns the tasks of organizing electricity, heat, gas and water supply to the population, sanitation, supplying the population with fuel, as well as other services of a housing and communal nature to issues of local importance of the municipality.

In this regard, housing and communal services can be considered as territorial and sectoral subsystem of the municipal socio-economic system, further considering the concepts of "housing and communal services of the municipality (housing and communal services MO)" and "housing and communal subsystem of the municipal socio-economic system (housing and communal subsystem of MSES)" to be identical.

The main goal of the municipal socio-economic system is "the most complete satisfaction of the individual and social needs of the population in accordance with applicable law and generally accepted moral standards" .

economic basis achieve this goal is the municipal economy. There are two main approaches to the definition of the municipal economy.

In accordance with the first approach, the municipal economy is limited to a set of enterprises and institutions that are in municipal ownership. In our opinion, this approach leads to a narrowing of the field of study and does not fully comply with the standards current legislation in terms of equal rights to operate in the market of enterprises and organizations of all forms of ownership.

The second approach is a broader interpretation of the municipal economy as the totality of all entities that carry out economic activity on the territory of the municipality. Thus, this approach provides certain opportunities for local governments to regulate the municipal economy in order to achieve the main target - the most complete and effective satisfaction of the needs of the population.

Thus, housing and communal services MO is part of the municipal economy, including a set of economic entities of various forms of ownership, operating in the territory of the municipality in order to most effectively and fully meet the needs of the population in services related to the formation of a comfortable living environmentania.

Being an important structural element of the MSES, the housing and communal services of the Moscow Region, in turn, is a complex socio-economic system that includes a set of elements interconnected by the laws of interaction, functioning, structure and development.

In our opinion, the essence of the housing and communal services of the Moscow Region as a complex socio-economic system can be revealed through a set of structures and tasks of its subsystems (Table 1).

Table 1 - Functional subsystems of housing and communal services of MO as a complex socio-economic system

Subsystem	Structural-functional constituents	Main goals and objectives

Economic	Legal entities providing housing and communal services and related services	1 Meeting the needs of the population in services related to the formation of a comfortable living environment. 2 Making the most efficient use of resources. 3 Provision of jobs with appropriate working conditions and wages. 4 Ensuring tax revenues to the budgets of all levels
Production and technological	Housing stock; Network engineering; Objects of communal infrastructure; housing construction	1 Ensuring stable and trouble-free operation: Housing stock; Objects of electricity, heat, gas, water supply to the population, supply of the population with fuel; Sewerage systems, as well as other housing and communal services
		2 Organization of measures for environmental protection
Social	Institutions: culture; Social protection of the population, etc.	1 Ensuring the stability of MSES. 2 Preparation and maintenance of the conditions necessary for the development of other subsystems of MSES (through the formation of high-quality labor resources). 3 Organization of library services to the population. 4 Creation of conditions for the organization of leisure and mass recreation of the population and organization of arrangement of places of mass recreation. 5 Participation in development planning, territorial zoning of land. 6 Protection and preservation of cultural heritage sites of local importance
Labor resources	Labor resources employed in the housing and communal services system	Maintaining the necessary employment structure
Management and information	Executive and legislative authorities, mass media, etc.	1 Implementation of the process of management and regulation of housing and communal services. 2 Formation of a public information base. 3 Quality information service

In general, the housing and communal services of the Moscow Region, as a complex socio-economic system, are characterized by the following properties:

Integrity (the possibility of changing the structure of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES is limited);

Communicativeness (housing and communal services MO is interconnected with external environment, which can be described as a set complex systems a higher level (municipal formation, region, state, market), as well as systems of the same level (production, financial and credit, commercial and other subsystems of MSES));

Historicity (in order to avoid the termination of existence, a regular transformation of the structure of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES is necessary, depending on the changing conditions of the external environment);

Equivalence (the maximum efficiency of the housing and communal services management system of the Moscow Region is determined only by its ability to satisfy certain social needs);

Self-organization (in the structure of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES there are active elements that provide the possibility of self-development).

Main Features Housing and communal services MO as a socio-economic system are:

1) autonomy. Housing and communal services MO is an autonomous subsystem of MSES, the isolation of which is due to the following reasons:

The location of housing and communal services in a limited area to meet the needs of the population of a particular municipality;

Financing programs for the functioning and development of housing and communal services mainly at the expense of municipal resources;

Regulation and management of housing and communal services by local governments (LSG);

2) high social significance. The housing and communal subsystem of MSES objectively performs social mission, participating in the implementation of a significant part of the life support functions of the population through the provision of services related to the formation of a comfortable living environment.

The multiplicity and heterogeneity of the tasks facing the housing and communal services of the Moscow Region as a subsystem of the MSES necessitated their differentiation into the following groups:

1) tasks aimed at ensuring the safety and development of housing and communal infrastructure (repair, maintenance, construction, etc.);

2) tasks directly related to the functioning of the housing and communal infrastructure (electricity, heat, gas, water supply to the population, sanitation, etc.);

3) tasks that ensure the satisfaction of the needs of the population in the field of social services (communication services, public catering, trade, library, consumer services, etc.).

Housing and communal services of the Moscow Region, as an important element of MSES, ensures the implementation of these tasks through the provision of housing and communal services to consumers. In accordance with Russian legislation, housing and communal services (HCS) are "services to maintain and restore proper technical condition buildings, structures, equipment, communications and housing and communal facilities, export household waste and the supply of electrical energy to consumers, drinking water, gas, thermal energy and hot water".

Currently, the term "service" most often characterizes "non-material benefits activities to meet the needs individual person and society as a whole”, which makes it possible to consider services as a specific result of economically useful activity, and, consequently, as an object of trade.

With all its diversity, services in general, as well as housing and communal services in particular, have the following general characteristics that distinguish them from the product:

- intangibility, manifested in the intangible nature of services;

- continuity of production and consumption, which consists in the impossibility of creating reserves, and therefore, developing a strategy that ensures a balance between supply and demand;

- variability, due to the dependence of the quality of the provision of services on the degree of competition, the qualifications of the service provider, etc.

Along with the above common features services, housing and communal services, due to industry specifics, also have the following properties:

Systemic and constant demand from the population, as well as enterprises and institutions;

High social significance due to being included in the life support system of the population;

Low degree of substitution by other services;

Seasonal nature of the provision of some housing and communal services.

Thus, housing and communal services are a public good, since their provision satisfies the following basic principles:

1) principle of indivisibility, which defines the interdependence between the availability of a service to an individual consumer and the availability of the same service to other consumers. In such a situation, individual consumers are depersonalized, acting as representatives of a particular group. The principle of indivisibility also leads to the impossibility of identifying the final buyer, since the service is publicly available (for example, the maintenance and improvement of public infrastructure, etc.);

2) principle of non-rivalry, according to which the consumption of a service by one consumer does not reduce its availability for other consumers (for example, electricity, heat, gas and water supply to the population, sanitation, etc.).

Due to the fact that the organization of an effective system for meeting the needs of the population in housing and communal services largely depends on the possibility of individualizing consumption, it is proposed to distinguish the following types of housing and communal services.

1. Andindividually-consumed housing and communal services, the volume of consumption of which can be reliably determined at the level of an individual consumer using physical measurements or average standards (electricity, heat, gas, water supply, household waste disposal, etc.). In turn, individually-consumed housing and communal services can be divided into:

- on theconditionally mandatory which the consumer cannot refuse due to technological, social or other external conditions (heat supply services, household waste removal, etc.);

- on theconditionally voluntary, from which an individual consumer has the opportunity to refuse (electricity, hot water, etc.). The fact of using this type of service can be recorded by the installed metering devices, however, even if they are not used, the consumer is obliged to bear certain costs to maintain the relevant infrastructure in a condition suitable for potential use.

2. Publicly consumed housing and communal services, the need for which cannot be directly determined for each specific consumer (urban lighting, landscaping and gardening, etc.).

In our opinion, in the situation of reforming the housing and communal sector, certain public consumption services (for example, intra-quarter lighting, maintenance and repair of intra-quarter roads, etc.) will increasingly be transformed into the category of conditionally mandatory individually consumed housing and communal services with the establishment relevant consumption standards.

In view of the above, in general, it is advisable to single out individual, group and impersonal forms of consumption of housing and communal services (Table 2).

Table 2 - Forms of consumption of housing and communal services

Housing and communal services properties	Form of consumption of housing and communal services
	individual	group	impersonal

The nature of the need		Collective	Public
The nature of the relationship between the supplier and the consumer of housing and communal services	Direct	Mediated	Impersonal
Reimbursement Form	Individual		Tax payments
	Water, gas, electricity, heat supply, communication services, etc.

Based on the above, the following conclusions can be drawn:

1) the structure of housing and communal services is heterogeneous, however, regardless of the degree of individualization of consumption, all housing and communal services are of a public nature;

2) the degree of divisibility and accessibility of housing and communal services is of decisive importance in the formation of the price of housing and communal services.

The public nature of housing and communal services, the need to ensure access to relevant services for all categories of the population of the municipality lead to the expediency of using in practice the classification of housing and communal services, depending on the level of satisfaction of the needs of the population, in accordance with which it is necessary to allocate the following levels of housing and communal services (Figure 1).

Figure 1 - Classification of housing and communal services depending on the level of satisfaction of the needs of the population

Housing and communal services that ensure the safety of living in the housing stock(minimum standard) are associated with the performance of only those works that ensure trouble-free operation and guarantee the reliability and non-failure of the provision of life-supporting services. The minimum standard determines the level of provision of the entire set of social needs of the population in housing and communal services, below which normal life support and reproduction are impossible. In the absence of a minimum set of services, payment for housing and communal services cannot be charged.

Housing and communal services that provide a normal level of living, include all services provided to the population in full compliance with their volume, quality and required frequency. In our opinion, the achievement of this level of housing and communal services should be the main guideline of state policy at the federal, regional and municipal levels in the field of regulation of relations in the field of housing and communal services.

Housing and communal services providing increased comfort of living, include not only life-supporting services, but also a range of additional services associated with increased comfort.

The interaction of sellers and buyers of housing and communal services is carried out in the housing and communal services market. The main subjects of the housing and communal services market are:

1. On the demand side for housing and communal services:

a) population as the main consumer and buyer of housing and communal services. The monograph proposes differentiation of this segment of consumers depending on the level of income:

Consumers whose income level completely deprives them of a free choice of services in the housing and communal services market;

Consumers whose income level provides a potential opportunity for a limited choice of services in the housing and communal services market;

Consumers whose income level determines the potential possibility of a free choice of services in the housing and communal services market;

b) enterprises and organizations all forms of ownership, acting mainly as consumers of public services;

in) state, stimulating the demand of the population for housing and communal services by providing social guarantees to the population.

2. On the supply side for housing and communal services:

Enterprises - producers of communal services belonging to the category of natural monopolies;

Enterprises - producers of housing services, as well as enterprises economically connected with natural monopolies, operating in a competitive environment;

Organizations specializing in professional asset management in the housing and communal services market.

The economic interests of market entities are the main factor in the self-regulation of the market through the mechanism of competition. However, this mechanism cannot be fully manifested in the housing and communal services market due to the following reasons:

Consumption of housing and communal services is essential;

The need for housing and communal services is universal;

Consumption of housing and communal services is urgent;

The need for housing and communal services is mandatory;

HUS needs are not interchangeable.

The above features of the housing and communal services market lead to the following consequences of the development of competitive relations in the market:

1) violation of the equality of the positions of the seller and the buyer in the market, which provides an opportunity for sellers to dictate their pricing conditions to buyers;

2) the price of housing and communal services ceases to experience the action of the law of supply and demand, losing its objective character and breaking away from the factors expressing consumer tastes and preferences. In this regard, the pricing mechanism in the housing and communal services market begins to focus on production costs.

In general, the degree of development of competitive relations in various segments of the housing and communal services market can differ significantly.

Singling out the market of housing services and the market of communal services in the housing and communal services market, from the standpoint of the development of competitive relations, the housing services market is more attractive, since consumers get the opportunity to independently form relationships with service providers. The communal services market presents much less opportunities for the development of competitive relations, since the communal subsystem of the housing and communal services of the Moscow Region, due to technological features It is characterized by the monopoly position of the majority of enterprises in local markets, which, as a rule, geographically coincide with the boundaries of municipalities.

The rigid nature of the links between the production and consumption of services in the communal subsystem of the housing and communal services of the Moscow Region is also one of the reasons for the emergence in the indicated sector of the housing and communal services market of natural technological monopolies, the main characteristics of which are:

Significant economies of scale (as the volume of utilities grows, the cost per unit decreases significantly, and the greatest effect is achieved when one producer covers the entire market);

Low price elasticity of demand (due to their urgency, generality, urgency and obligation, demand in the public utilities market is weakly dependent on the price of goods and services set by enterprises of the utility subsystem of the housing and communal services);

Low substitution effect (utilities are unique to the consumer and cannot be replaced in consumption by other goods or services).

Since the majority of enterprises of the communal subsystem of housing and communal services of the Moscow Region satisfy the specified characteristics, in practice there is a need for state regulation and control over prices for housing and communal services. In general, the main specific features of the housing and communal services market from the standpoint of state regulation are:

- high social importance. Due to the fact that the housing and communal services market covers the sale and purchase of vital goods of great social importance, this market segment especially needs the use of selective measures of state regulation;

- presence of natural monopolies, which necessitates the use of specific instruments of state regulation, especially in the field of pricing (tariff policy);

- high degree of attachment to a certain territory, which leads to the expediency of regulating the housing and communal services market by local governments.

Currently, state regulation of the housing and communal services market in the Russian Federation is carried out by direct regulation of utility tariffs by federal service on tariffs, regional authorities, as well as local governments.

It should be noted that in the communal subsystem of the housing and communal services of the Moscow Region, there are certain opportunities for creating a competitive environment in certain technological segments of production and providing the corresponding housing and communal services (purchase of materials and fuel, repair of equipment and infrastructure facilities, etc.) based on the competitive involvement of executing organizations.

Thus, the management of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES should be carried out taking into account the following characteristic features housing and communal services market:

Almost all housing and communal services are aimed at meeting the primary needs of the population, which determines the high social significance of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES;

Consumption of housing and communal services is a constant process for the population, which is everyday and continuous;

There is a territorial monopoly on the housing and communal services market (as a rule, within the boundaries of the municipality), since the delivery of housing and communal services from outside, from other territories is practically impossible;

The production and consumption of housing and communal services either completely coincide in time or have an insignificant time lag (water supply and sanitation, passenger transport and road facilities, etc.);

Non-compliance by enterprises of housing and communal services MO production program in a certain period of time, it cannot be compensated without damage to consumers either by the subsequent overfulfillment of the production program, or by the provision of similar services in excess of the planned quantity in other settlements;

There is a close relationship and interdependence between the constituent elements of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES;

There are natural local monopolies in certain large segments of the housing and communal services market (water supply and sanitation, heat and power supply, etc.);

Housing and communal services enterprises of the Moscow Region have a special nature of economic activity associated with the homogeneity of products, the difficulty of forming stocks, the absence of work in progress, the seasonality of production and other factors.

1.2 Theoretical aspects of managing the housing and communal subsystem of the municipalaboutsocio-economic system

Identification and theoretical justification of the features of the management of the housing and communal subsystem at the level of municipalities is an important methodological problem modern science. At present, the study of methods and principles of managing the housing and communal subsystem of MSES is becoming highly relevant in connection with the reform of the housing and communal services sector, as well as its high social significance.

In our opinion, the management of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES is a rather complex process that it is advisable to describe through the totality of the existing terminology in the field of management.

Thus, the management of the housing and communal subsystem of MSES it is necessary to consider as a process of development and implementation of targeted control actions on the corresponding control object, including such interrelated stages as modeling the state of the control object based on the analysis of existing information; development and adoption of management decisions; organization of execution decisions taken etc. .

On the other hand, it is equally important to study the management of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES by describing the implemented management functions to achieve the goals.

Due to the fact that "management is an inseparable, inherent property of organizational systems", the monograph attempts to apply a systematic approach to the study of certain aspects of the management of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES. In our opinion, the use of a systematic approach allows not only to design a mechanism for the interaction of the managing and managed subsystems of the housing and communal services of the Moscow Region, but also ultimately provides the possibility of developing and implementing an effective program for reforming the housing and communal subsystem of a separate municipality.

Taking into account the essence, purpose, functions and features of the housing and communal services as a subsystem of the MSES, it is advisable to consider the management of the housing and communal services of the Moscow Region as a management system that allows you to develop and make effective management decisions aimed at achieving the strategic goals of the municipal socio-economic system in the field of life support for the population through the provision of services related to the formation of a comfortable living environment.

From the point of view of systematic implementation, the management of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES provides for the presence of structural features of the type of system, among which it is necessary first of all to single out the managing (subject) and managed (object) parts, as well as management relations (interaction between the object and the subject of management, as well as also other components of the environment to achieve synergistic properties of unity) . Management relationships are aimed at achieving a specific goals(for the housing and communal subsystem of MSES - the formation of a comfortable living environment for the population of the Moscow Region) and are implemented through the performance of a number of management functions that are cyclical. At the same time, the process of managing the housing and communal services of the Moscow Region can be reduced to purposeful changes in the values of controlled variables in order to achieve the specified values of indicators (indicators) that determine the state of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES.

The subject area of housing and communal services management of the Moscow Region is a conglomeration of relations and connections of management systems of different levels, the interaction of which cannot be provided functionally from a single center. The creation of a single field for managing the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES, which includes many interacting entities, is hampered by the fact that state authorities, local governments, the population, public and political organizations, etc. are involved in the circulation of relations.

In general, the most important properties of managing the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES are the activity nature of management (activity, purposefulness, awareness, impersonality, objectivity, effectiveness), process nature, as well as continuity, cyclicity, variability, situationality and systematic management.

The subject of study of the management of housing and communal services of the Moscow Region is the process of transforming the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES, taking into account the impact of changing environmental factors to ensure the preservation of the integrity and basic properties of the subsystem, as well as the achievement of its targets.

In connection with the above, the object of management of the housing and communal services of the Moscow Region is the state of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES, and the subject of management is both local governments and governing bodies of supersystems (regional and federal).

Features of the housing and communal subsystem of MSES as an object of management are determined by its specificity and structure, which combines a complex and diverse set of elements that are closely interconnected by common economic and social problems, goals and objectives. The most important feature Housing and communal services of the Moscow Region is its focus on meeting the urgent needs of the population, which leads to the dominance of social factors in the management process and, in addition, determines the specificity of the criteria for assessing the effectiveness of the functioning of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES as a whole, as well as its individual structural elements. Another feature of the housing and communal services of the Moscow Region is the stochastic nature of the processes occurring in it, associated with the impact on the functioning of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES of a significant number of random factors of an economic, technogenic, as well as natural and climatic nature.

Management entities, primarily local self-government bodies, which, in accordance with the current legislation, are responsible for providing the population of the municipality with housing and communal services, ensure coordination and regulation of the activities of enterprises and organizations of housing and communal services as structural elements of the housing and communal subsystem of MSES, using administrative and economic mechanisms taking into account:

Roles and places of the corresponding element of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES;

The relationship of elements within the housing and communal subsystem MSES.

It should be taken into account that relationships in the management structure of the housing and communal services of the Moscow Region are based on two types of relationships: subordination and interaction. Subordination links arise between higher and lower management bodies of the housing and communal subsystem, interaction links are closed within one level of this control system.

The analysis of publications made it possible to reveal the existence in the world practice of the following models of housing and communal services management:

1) socially oriented model, the main purpose of which is the determining role of the state in meeting the needs of the population in housing and communal services;

2) liberal model, aimed at meeting the needs of the population in housing and communal services with the involvement of private structures with minimal participation of the state, whose tasks are limited only to the development of regulatory frameworks for regulating the market and the creation necessary conditions for competition.

In our opinion, in Russian practice it is most expedient to use model statenbut-private partnership, which occupies an intermediate position between the above models and ensures close interaction between state, regional and local authorities with enterprises-investors of the private sector in the field of financing the construction and operation of housing and communal infrastructure.

Due to the fact that the main goal of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES is to create a comfortable living environment for the population of the municipality, the most significant goal of the subjects of management of the housing and communal services of the Moscow Region is to achieve the established values of indicators (indicators) of the housing supply of the population, housing and communal services, the state of housing and communal infrastructure, reliability and sustainability of its functioning, etc.

Thus, the main tasks of the management of housing and communal services of the Moscow Region are:

Implementation of programs to increase the level of provision of the population with housing on the basis of regulatory needs and quality standards;

Ensuring the rational placement of new housing construction facilities and organizing work related to the renewal of the existing housing stock development;

Ensuring the safety of the housing stock, the uninterrupted operation of engineering communications based on the organization of their maintenance, repair, modernization and reconstruction in accordance with established rules, regulations and technical conditions.

To solve these problems in the process of managing the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES, the activities of local self-government bodies should be directed to:

For the development and implementation of programs for the development of housing and communal services of the Moscow Region, taking into account the characteristics of the municipality;

On the optimal distribution of own and attracted financial resources for the overhaul of the housing stock and the development of engineering infrastructure, the formation of funds to support the development of housing and communal services of the Moscow Region;

To establish minimum social norms for the consumption of housing and communal services, the development of regulations governing the provision of housing and communal services, benefits, subsidies, etc.;

To provide the necessary conditions for the stable functioning of enterprises and organizations of the housing and communal services of the Moscow Region, as well as life support systems for the population.

Effective implementation of the tasks of managing the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES is impossible without the application of the project approach, which consists in initiating the impact on the structure of the housing and communal services of the Moscow Region within the project space based on the formation of the structure of indicators of the state of the housing and communal subsystem, its monitoring and analysis. The following basic principles should be taken as the basis for improving the efficiency of the housing and communal services management system of the Moscow Region:

- goal setting(provides for a purposeful change in the state of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES to achieve the global goal - to ensure the comfort of living for the population of the Moscow Region);

- multi-level(consists in describing the housing and communal services of the Moscow Region as a subsystem of the MSES, establishing links between the elements of the subsystem and the external environment, as well as studying the elements of the subsystem at the required level of detail);

- functionality(dictates the need to develop a rational organizational structure management of housing and communal services of the Moscow Region, which ensures the effective implementation of all the goals, functions and tasks facing the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES, taking into account changing environmental factors);

- the need to take into account the social significance(requires adjustment of management methods, indicators for evaluating management effectiveness, etc. due to the high social significance of the housing and communal subsystem of MSES).

One of the promising approaches to the management of housing and communal services of the Moscow Region is also cluster approach. Based on the definition of M. Porter and correcting it, it can be argued that the elements of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES can be studied as groups of geographically neighboring (within the boundaries of the Moscow Region) interconnected enterprises and organizations, as well as related public, political and other organizations operating in the field of housing and communal services of the Moscow Region and characterized by common activities and complementarity.

Thus, clusters in the housing and communal services of the Moscow Region are groups of enterprises and organizations located on the same territory, representing various sub-sectors of the housing and communal services, characterized by the commonality and interconnectedness of their activities and their focus on meeting the needs of the population in housing and communal services. Housing and communal clusters can have different configurations and forms (depending on the coverage of territorial life support systems, the specifics and complexity of production and technical systems, etc.), however, “a “key link” can be distinguished in the structure of each cluster” .

In connection with the systemic homogeneity of clusters, the cluster approach opens up new opportunities for improving the efficiency of housing and communal services management in the Moscow Region. In particular, the presence in the cluster of technically advanced highly competitive enterprises with effective management inevitably has a positive impact on the state of all other enterprises and organizations that are part of the cluster. A significant role in this process is played by the relative internal information openness characteristic of housing and communal clusters, due to the common territorial location of diverse economic entities, the development of formal and informal contacts of their managers.

In general, the process of managing the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES is a complex process aimed at ensuring the functioning and development of the management object within the framework of using a system-cluster approach, taking into account the influence of external and internal factors.

The study of publications made it possible to identify the following main factors of the external and internal environment that have a favorable / unfavorable effect on the state of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES as an object of management of the housing and communal services of the municipality.

When studying the impact external factors on the state of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES, it is advisable to carry out their structuring as follows.

1. Government factors:

a) political factors influence the intentions of state, regional and municipal government in relation to the development of territories, on the methods and forms of conducting state policy (political stability, the impact of political parties, public organizations and etc.);

b) regulatory factors characterize the features regulation housing and communal services, affect the forms and methods of activity of local self-governments and business entities (the state of the regulatory legal framework, the dynamism of the legal system, the features of federal, regional and municipal legislation in the field of economic, financial, tariff policy, etc.).

2. External economic factors:

a) macro-environment factors affect the processes of formation and distribution of resources at the state, regional and municipal levels, determining the overall market conditions for the housing and communal subsystem of MSES (general level of economic development, cost of capital, inflation rate, unemployment rate, budgetary, tax, industrial, investment, innovation policy, etc.);

b) factors of the immediate environment are associated with consumers of housing and communal services (the level of financial and economic condition, the level of expectations and satisfaction of needs, etc.), as well as with resource providers.

3. External technological factors characterize the change in the state of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES due to the appearance innovative technologies in the field of construction, infrastructure, management, etc.

4. Other external factors are due to the likelihood of negative, force majeure situations (emergency situations of natural and climatic, man-made nature, etc.).

Internal factors, affecting the state of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES, must be classified into the following groups:

1) internal financial and economic factors characterize the current state and economic potential of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES as a whole, as well as individual business entities that are part of the housing and communal cluster (the state of the financial and economic structural and functional components of the subsystem: the level of profitability, business activity, liquidity, solvency, etc.);

2) internal technological factors reflect the technical and technological state of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES (production parameters, the degree of depreciation of fixed assets, etc.);

3) internal organizational and managerial factors are related to the state of the housing and communal services management system of the Moscow Region (quality of management, professionalism of managers, specialists and employees, availability and effectiveness of the information base, etc.);

4) others internal factors reflect the socio-psychological and other aspects of the state of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES.

In our opinion, taking into account the study of the influence of these factors that affect the state of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES, when developing an effective management system for the housing and communal services of the Moscow Region, special attention should be paid to a detailed analysis of the processes occurring in the supersystems of the MSES and related to the reforms of the housing and communal services carried out at the level of the Russian Federation.

At present, the housing and communal services management system that has developed in most municipalities of the Russian Federation has a number of negative signs, the main ones being:

Chronic underfunding of measures for the modernization and development of housing and communal services of the Moscow Region, manifested in significant physical and moral depreciation of fixed assets;

Insufficient development of the regulatory and methodological framework, including models, methods and tools for the effective implementation of the process of managing the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES;

The use of predominantly administrative methods of management, which is an obstacle to attracting private investment in the housing and communal services sector of the Moscow Region, to develop competition in the housing and communal services market;

Imbalance of interests of the population of MO, local self-government and housing and communal services market operators; insufficient assistance to the development of the system of self-management of the owners of the housing stock.

In our opinion, the optimal management structure of the housing and communal services of the Moscow Region will be created only if responsibility is shared:

Local self-government bodies for achieving the goal of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES - ensuring the comfort of living for the population of the municipality;

Owners of the housing stock for the maintenance of their property;

Manufacturers and suppliers of housing and communal services for the quantity and quality of rendered housing and communal services.

1.3 Basic principles and directions of reformhousing and communal services management systemsIn Russian federation

At present, the situation that has developed in the housing and communal services of most Russian municipalities is a source of a number of threats to life, health and property of the population, as well as environment. Therefore, the reform of the housing and communal services management system should consist in solving the following main tasks.

1 . Povercoming the critical depreciation of fixed assets. According to the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation, on average in Russia in 2007, the physical deterioration of boiler houses amounted to 55%, water supply networks - 65%, sewerage and heating networks - 63%, electrical networks - 58%; in some municipalities, the amount of depreciation of the communal infrastructure has reached an almost critical level of 70-80%.

Significant depreciation of fixed assets leads to an increase in resource losses during the operation of housing and communal infrastructure facilities, as well as to a high accident rate of housing and communal infrastructure facilities.

In general, for the restoration of fixed assets used in the housing and communal services of the Russian Federation up to normative values funding of at least $2 trillion is currently required. 140 billion rubles.

2. Atimprovement of the financial condition of enterprises and organizations operating in thetgrew. Currently financial results activities of enterprises and organizations of housing and communal services remain unsatisfactory. So, at the beginning of 2007 accounts receivable enterprises of housing and communal services of the Russian Federation amounted to 333 billion rubles, and accounts payable increased to 324 billion rubles. According to the results of 2006, the balanced loss of enterprises engaged in the management and operation of the housing stock amounted to 4,582 million rubles. .

3 . Pimproving the quality of housing and communal services provided to the population. The insufficient development of competition in the production and provision of housing and communal services leads to the fact that consumers do not have the opportunity to influence the quality of the provided housing and communal services.

...

Improvement of the housing and communal services management system

Proposals for solving this problem include two main areas:

Formation of the diversity of owners of the housing sector;

Demonopolization of maintenance of the municipal housing stock and the formation of a market for services.

It is necessary to resolve the problems between the subject of housing property and its user. This issue was not resolved by the privatization of housing. The population of the city of Chita does not feel like an owner, realizing that only an apartment has been privatized, and everything else is jointly owned with other entities that own other elements of buildings. A huge role in improving the quality of housing and communal services is played by personal interest in the maintenance of the housing stock. The creation of homeowners' associations (HOAs) will increase the personal interest of the tenant in the quality maintenance of not only his apartment, but also common areas, equipment, etc. On the other hand, the demands on organizations providing housing and communal services will also increase, because the effectiveness and direction of investment will be determined by the owners themselves.

Thus, the municipal authorities of the city of Chita should in every possible way promote the creation of an HOA, while providing comprehensive legal and economic support.

Promoting the early establishment of HOAs should include:

Simplification of the registration procedure;

Obtaining subsidies for homeowners associations for the maintenance of housing and utilities at the level of the municipal housing stock;

Transfer of rights to non-residential premises or transfer of part of the rent of the HOA for non-residential premises in the house;

Transfer of rights to land plot under the house and adjacent territory.

Effective assistance in the spread of associations of owners can be provided by organizing them on the basis of newly built residential buildings, in which all apartments are distributed on a market basis. However, the fact of creating an HOA with the participation of municipal authorities through authorized bodies is not excluded.

One of the main goals of the reform is the demonopolization of housing and communal services and the formation of a service market. To achieve this goal it is necessary:

Separation of the functions of the customer and the contractor for the provision of housing and communal services;

Implementation competitive selection contractors in all spheres of housing and communal services in the city of Chita.

The customer service of the city of Chita should gradually turn into a management company. The customer service should be a management structure both in the field of maintenance of housing and other facilities, and in the field of their heat and power supply.

The introduction of a contractual form of relationship between both the owner and municipal service of the customer, and between contractors, allows you to transfer the sphere of management of housing and communal services to a higher level. Liability for violation of contractual obligations leads to a significant improvement in the quality of maintenance and service of the housing stock of our city.

The practice of the regions of Russia has shown that the creation of a competitive environment in the field of housing stock management between management companies of various forms of ownership also leads to an increase in the quality of housing and communal services and a reduction in the cost of maintaining the housing stock, however, today the system of budgetary financing of the customer service does not allow development market relations in the field of housing stock management. This is primarily due to the fact that when financed from the budget, the customer service is created with a minimum number of staff, which in turn is associated with a reduction in budget expenditures.

The management company must be self-sustaining, and the number of personnel must be determined based on the actual tasks set. In the future, only the homeowner should choose who he entrusts with the management of his property and how much he will pay for it.

On the other hand, not only residential buildings and adjoining territories should fall within the scope of interests of a new type of management company, but also, quite logically, other infrastructure of microdistricts and districts of the city, namely: kindergartens, schools, hospitals, social and cultural facilities, thermal transmission networks, etc.

Improving the mechanism for financing housing and communal services

To achieve the goals of the housing and communal services reform in the field of financing, it is necessary to:

Annually, in the budget of the municipality of Chita, provide for a protected item for the provision of compensation and benefits for payment of housing and communal services.

Work out a system of bills of exchange in housing and communal services, which implies the issuance of a bill designed to reduce the crisis of non-payments in the housing and communal services system and avoid mutual offsets.

Introduce a housing voucher for payment of subsidies, which can then be used by a resident to pay for housing and communal services, and then be used for mutual settlements between housing and communal services enterprises and the budget. This will free up significant financial resources.

Work out a system of city loans secured by real estate.

Develop a program to attract extrabudgetary investments.

It is necessary to create and develop enterprises, joint ventures that would work for the housing and communal services system. Newly created or existing enterprises investing in the development of housing and communal services, or when issuing new products for housing and communal services exempt from paying taxes for the period of return on investment.

To make fuller use of additional sources of financing through advertising revenue, the presence of someone else's property on municipal property, attracting tenants in terms of repairing facades, landscaping, etc.

Introduce a system for operational accounting of cash flows and a system for accounting for current receivables and payables.

Conduct selection and economic analysis of investment projects aimed at the development of housing and communal services in the city of Chita.

Efficiently use temporarily free funds to obtain additional profit and, in particular, allow the use of temporarily free target budget funds during the year at the discretion of the single customer service with the provision of reports at the end of the year on their intended use.

To develop a regulation on differentiated payment for housing and communal services, providing for differentiation of payment depending on the number of storeys, the condition of the house, remoteness from the center, its location along the street or inside the block.

The tariff for thermal power should consist of two parts: the cost of energy itself and its transportation, and the cost of transportation is a constant value, and the cost of the energy itself is determined on a competitive basis.

To reduce costs, the customer service in Chita can buy energy directly from producers who must provide a calculation, a deciphered tariff indicating their real costs.

Introduction

1. Analysis of the features of the functioning of the housing and communal services in Russia 11

1.1. The current economic state of housing and communal services in Russia 11

1.2 Tariffs and tariff regulation 20

1.2.1 Modern multi-part tariffs 21

1.2.2. Determining the financial needs of housing and communal enterprises 37

1.2.3. Alternative options for multi-part tariffs 41

1.3. Housing and communal services management system 53

1.3.1. Housing management subsystem 57

1.3.2. Tariff regulation subsystem 64

1.3.3. Cash distribution schemes 67

1.3.4. The set of preferences of the actors of the housing and communal services system (Pj) 71

Conclusions to chapter 1 80

2. Development of a generalized decision-making algorithm in the housing and communal services management system 83

2.1. Classification of decision support systems 83

2.2. Decision-making methods and models 87

2.3. Synthesis of a generalized decision-making algorithm in the housing and communal services management system 93

2.3.1. The study of many informative features of the information infrastructure of the housing and communal services management system 95

2.3.2. The environment for the task of making managerial decisions in the management system of housing and communal services 101

2.3.3. Goal setting when choosing management decision in the management system of housing and communal services 107

2.3.4. A set of measurement scales according to the criteria and preferences of the actors of the system 109

2.3.5. Many alternatives 110

2.3.6. Vector criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of the control action 112

2.3.7. Formation, formalization, ordering and aggregation of the set of preferences of system actors 122

2.4. Justification for the choice of solution methods 130

2.5. Generalized algorithm for multi-criteria choice of alternatives 131

2.6. Decision-making algorithm based on a game model under uncertainty 134

2.7. Decision-making algorithm based on the hierarchy analysis method 138

2.8. Algorithm for determining the consistency of expert opinions 144

Conclusions to chapter 2 146

3. Software implementation of the task of making managerial decisions in the housing and communal services management system 148

3.1. Solving the CPD using the matrix method of game theory 149

3.2. Solving the CPR using the Hierarchy Analysis Method 154

3.4 Comparative analysis volume of expert work 186

Conclusions to chapter 3 188

Conclusion 189

References 191

Introduction to work

This dissertation research is devoted to the development of a basic simulation model for a management decision support system (DMS) in the management of housing and communal services (HUS), which allows, from a variety of alternative options for strategic management decisions, to carry out a multi-criteria choice of the “best” (compromise) variant of a management decision based on the existing fuzzy and sometimes uncertain information about the current economic and financial state of the economy sector and the solvency of consumers of housing and communal services (HCS). The relevance of the topic of the dissertation work is determined by the ongoing reform of housing and communal services (HCS) - one of the most important areas of socio-economic transformations in the Russian Federation. The main goal of the reform is the formation of a civilized market for housing and communal services with the creation of a full-fledged system of targeted social protection for low-income strata of the population.

However, lately there are more and more signs of a serious slowdown in reform, the causes of which are a complex of problems left over from the previous period of the industry's functioning and emerging today. Among the unresolved problems are the lack of sufficient funding for housing and communal enterprises, the backlog of legislative support for the reform, the lack of practice of end-to-end contractual relations, which is determined by the lack and lack of development of scientifically based approaches and methods to decision-making in the housing and communal services management system (HCS). Currently, the industry is faced with the search for strategic management solutions aimed at solving the above problems. A number of Decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of Moscow emphasize the need to reform the management system of the industry and introduce science-intensive technologies into it, allowing for multilateral expert activities.

using modern information technologies. This determines the need to develop theoretical and applied decision-making tools in the HCS, as well as the development and implementation of expert systems (ES) and decision support systems (DSS).

In this regard, it has become relevant to monitor the consistency of interests of many subjects of the housing and communal services market (hereinafter referred to as the actors of the housing and communal services system) with ensuring the availability and “transparency” of the formation of funding volumes and the cost structure included in the payment of housing and communal services. Its necessity is associated with the gradual adoption of a scheme of end-to-end contractual relations in the housing and communal services sector and making payments for consumed heat and water resources. Rigid accounting of resources leads to a change in the income base of resource-supplying enterprises and organizations managing the housing stock (housing organizations, management companies (MC) and other legal entities). This increases the responsibility of local governments for the approved tariffs for the coming period, in accordance with which resource-supplying enterprises and managing organizations will be required to conclude supply contracts. Under these conditions, the relevance of a preliminary scientifically based examination of the accepted tariffs for payment of housing and communal services as a tool for strategic regulation is sharply increasing. At the present level, these issues cannot be successfully resolved without the development and use of information systems, allowing in each period of time to find socially compromise management decisions in the regulation of the activities of housing and communal services enterprises.

The lack of theoretical and applied developments on the choice of effective management options actualizes the problem of developing the basis for mathematical modeling of DSS in complex multi-level, multi-factorial and multi-criteria management systems for housing and communal services, which is the subject of this dissertation research.

The degree of development of the research topic. Management Issues economic processes in housing and communal services, such as

the impact of tariff regulation on the economic efficiency of production, regulation of the cost of resources and services, as well as the formation of a methodological basis for calculating tariffs for electricity, heat and fuel, are reflected in the works of Baldin D.V., Fedotova Yu.V., Fatakhetdinova A.I., Sivaeva S., Sharipova I.R., Khachatryana S.R., Vasilyeva I.A., Tarasova N.A., Erzinkyan E.A., Sushko E.D., Shchegoleva A.V.

Certain aspects of the management of the housing and communal services system, aimed at improving the structure of the management system and the regulatory framework that accompanies socio-economic processes, are reflected in the works of Starodubrovskaya I.V., Andrianov V.V., Anankina E.A., Khomchenko D.Yu., Semakova I.K.

The works of Burkov V.N., Novikov D.A., Petrakov S.N., Opoytseva V.I., Kalyanova G.N., Andreichikov A.V. are devoted to mathematical and simulation modeling of socio-economic systems operating under conditions of uncertainty. ., Andreichikova O.N., Laricheva O.I., Vorobieva S.N., Kruglova V.V., Dli M.I., Trakhtengerts E.A., Neumann J., Borisova A.N., Telnova Yu F., Fomina G.P., Novoseltseva V.I., Tsyganova V.V., Borodina V.A., Shishkina G.B., Varzhapetyan A.G., Glushchenko V.V., Egorova N.A. ., Faermana E.Yu. and other researchers.

However, the issues of building decision support systems in the management of housing and communal services have not yet been developed. This served as the basis for the dissertation research.

Object of study is a housing and communal services management system equipped with a decision support system.

Subject of research is a basic simulation model for a decision support system in the management of housing and communal services and a methodology for developing rational management decisions. The purpose of the study is the improvement of the housing and communal services management system based on simulation methods and the use of a decision support system.

Tasks of dissertation research. To achieve the goal of the dissertation research in accordance with the principles of system analysis, the following tasks were set and solved:

Conducting an analysis of the sectoral pricing system, the principles of tariff regulation and the management system of housing and communal services in order to identify the causes of financial instability in the sector of the economy.

Development of a simulation model of the socio-economic system of housing and communal services at the municipal level, which is the basis for building decision support systems in the housing and communal services management system and allowing, from a variety of alternative options, to carry out a multi-criteria choice of a compromise management decision based on the available uncertain information about the current economic and financial state of the economy sector and solvency consumers of housing and communal services.

Formation of a set of informative features of the information infrastructure of the housing and communal services management system, which makes it possible to formalize the task of making managerial decisions in the housing and communal services management system and consisting of a set of actors of the housing and communal services system, a vector criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of management decisions, a set of preferences of the actors of the housing and communal services system, a set of alternative options for management decisions in the form of multi-stay tariffs, a set of measurement scales according to the criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of a management decision in the HUS system and according to the preferences of the actors of the HUS system.

Development of methods for ordering and aggregating the components of the vector criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of management decisions in the HCS and the set of preferences of the HCS system actors. Justification and choice of mathematical methods of solution.

Development of an algorithm for choosing a compromise management decision in the housing and communal services management system based on the calculation of priority vectors of alternative options

solutions. Software implementation of the proposed selection algorithm.

6. Performing calculations on the choice of a multi-part tariff for paying for housing and communal services, which strengthen the financial condition of housing and communal enterprises, reduces their degree of subsidization and does not lead to an increase in social tension in its application. The methodological basis of the dissertation research are: system analysis in management, based on the structuring of systems and a quantitative comparison of alternatives; structural analysis; theory of active and organizational systems; the theory of assessing the usefulness of decision making; operations research theory; theory of intelligent systems. Research methods. The dissertation research uses methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis of systems; methods of the theory of mathematical modeling; functional analysis methods, game theory matrix methods, hierarchy analysis method, a priori and a posteriori expert methods. Scientific novelty is as follows:

For the first time, an information-parametric field of the problem of choosing management decisions in the housing and communal services management system has been formed.

For the first time, a generalized algorithm for developing management decisions in the housing and communal services management system was synthesized, based on the method of expert assessments and allowing for a multi-criteria choice of management decisions from a variety of alternative options;

5. The results of applying two methods of multi-criteria choice of management decisions in the housing and communal services management system - the matrix method of game theory and the method of analysis of hierarchies (MAI) - were studied. Defense provisions.

Formed sets of informative features of the information infrastructure of the housing and communal services management system: a set of actors of the housing and communal services system; vector criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of management decisions in the housing and communal services management system; a set of preferences of the actors of the housing and communal services system; many alternative options for management decisions in the form of structural and logical schemes of multi-rate tariffs for paying for housing and communal services.

Technique for ordering the components of the vector criterion for the effectiveness of management decisions in the housing and communal services management system.

A method for ordering and aggregating the set of preferences of actors in the housing and communal services system.

A generalized algorithm for solving the problem of choosing management decisions in the housing and communal services management system.

Theoretical and practical significance.

Theoretical significance dissertation research is determined by the fact that the author for the first time developed scientific and methodological recommendations for building a basic simulation model for a decision support system in the management of housing and communal services. Practical significance lies in the fact that the developed model contributes to the development of tactical and strategic management decisions in the housing and communal services management system and can be used in making decisions on the regulation of tariffs for resources and services for heat supply, water supply and sanitation at all levels of management. Validity and reliability of research results.

Validity of dissertation research achieved by the correct application of the proven methodological apparatus of the theory of system analysis, the theory of managerial decision-making, the theory of operations research, game theory and the theory of evaluating the usefulness of decision-making. Reliability of research results confirm multiple testing of research results over five years, the introduction of methodological recommendations for making decisions and a computer decision-making system in the management of the housing and communal enterprise ZhilKomSet LLC in the Zelenograd district of Moscow, as well as the fact that the generation of many informative features of the information infrastructure of the management system Housing and communal services were carried out on the basis of current legislation and the practice of functioning of housing and communal enterprises.

Implementation and testing. The theoretical provisions developed by the author were reported at six international and Russian scientific and practical conferences.

Based on the results of the dissertation research, the author received 2 acts on the implementation of research results in the practical activities of the HCS and studying proccess institutions of higher education.

Based on the materials of the dissertation research, the author published 9 scientific articles. A list of publications is attached.

The structure and scope of the dissertation. The dissertation work consists of an introduction, a list of abbreviations used, three chapters with conclusions to each of them, a conclusion, a list of references containing 156 titles. The work is presented on 190 pages of typewritten text and contains: 105 tables, 30 figures, 17 numbered formulas.

Tariffs and tariff regulation

The concept of the policy of payment for housing and utilities involves the legislative definition of the composition of the housing utility bills, tariff structures for certain types services and the value of individual tariffs and / or their parts. Since the life and health of the population, as well as the stability of all sectors of the country's economy, depend on pricing in the housing and communal services sector, it cannot be free from state regulation.

At the Federation level, the modern policy of paying for housing and utilities is regulated by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, the Law "On the Fundamentals of Federal Housing Policy", the Concept for Reforming the Housing and Communal Services in the Russian Federation, as well as the Laws and Decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation on housing subsidies, on social protection, social guarantees and compensations for certain groups of the population and the Decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation “On federal standards for the transition to new system payment for housing and utilities.

At the regional level, the policy of paying for housing and utilities and the targeted social protection of the population carried out at the same time is regulated by the relevant regional legislation - the Decrees of the regional Legislative Assemblies and governors, as well as the Decrees of local governments.

The concept of tariff policy includes the definition of the structure of tariffs for certain types of housing and communal services and the value of individual tariffs and / or their parts. Thus, the tariff policy is part of the policy of paying for housing and utilities.

One of the objectives of the tariff policy is to form the financial base of utility companies. The most important instrument for the implementation of this task is tariff regulation, the principles and methods of which should be designed in such a way that, on the one hand, they stimulate utility companies to achieve the goals of the owner of the property and, on the other hand, do not cause social tension in society.

Tariff policy is built at the level of municipalities. Rates, tariffs and norms for the consumption of housing and communal services are established at the municipal level and approved by local governments (except for tariffs for electricity and gas). The regions as constituent entities of the Russian Federation are responsible for coordinating changes in rates and tariffs for housing and communal services with a change in rates and tariffs for payment for gas and electricity, established at the level of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation. Since 2000, after the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation was issued, decisions on tariffs for housing and communal services are within the competence of local government and can be made by the Head of the city, and not by the Legislative Assembly of the region, as it was before. The direct competence to set tariffs is determined by the Charters of municipalities. In most cases (more than 70%), this is the competence of representative bodies local authorities- meetings of deputies.

In some regions ( Khabarovsk region, Chelyabinsk region, Chuvash Republic, Samara region) rates, tariffs and standards for the consumption of housing and communal services for the population are approved by resolutions of the Heads of districts of individual municipalities and are mandatory for municipal enterprises and institutions owned by municipalities, with the exception of tariffs for water supply. Tariffs for communal services provided by enterprises of other forms of ownership are agreed with the district administrations and approved by the Regional Energy Commissions.

At the same time, the payment for the use of residential premises was not abolished. As a result of terminological arbitrariness, a situation has arisen where out of the seven payments accepted, one part duplicates the other: the payment for the use of residential premises includes payment for the maintenance and repair of the premises. Terminological vagueness is also present in: in the definition of social hiring, the new term "payment for housing" is used, and further in the text "payment for housing" is used. Moreover, the terms "payment for housing" and "payment for housing" are not equivalent, since the "payment for housing" includes payments for major repairs and the removal of household waste, but they are not provided for in the "payment for housing".

In our opinion, the entire set of housing and communal services provided to consumers can be divided into two categories: housing services and utilities. These services are provided to the population by two different subjects of the housing and communal services market: housing services are provided by the owners of the housing stock in accordance with a social rental agreement, in particular, by municipal authorities that own the municipal housing stock and land plots on which private households are located. Payment for housing services is made at established rates. Utilities are provided to the population by service organizations of various forms of ownership, which manage the housing stock in accordance with the contract (service contract between the owner of the housing stock and a service organization - DEZ, a management company, etc.).

Housing and communal services management system

In this study, we restrict ourselves to consideration of housing and communal services at the municipal level, since this level is the basis for building models of a higher level.

The analysis of the CS of the housing and communal services is carried out in order to identify all the structural elements of the management system and the subjects of the housing and communal services market that are directly involved or have an impact on the formation of the tariff policy, as well as non-participating, but interested parties and subject to accounting in the economic and mathematical model. In this regard, this chapter analyzes: 1. currently known management schemes for housing and communal services; 2. financial flows in the provision of housing and communal services; 3. tariff revision procedures at the end of the regulated period.

At the same time, housing and communal services are considered as a socio-economic system, which includes a number of business entities of various forms of ownership, whose activities are coordinated by the formed SU, as well as consumers of housing and communal services. It should be noted that at the present time there is no single form of HCS at the municipal level. Many municipalities have their own structural and functional features control systems. At the same time, economic entities of housing and communal services can be divided into two categories:

1. legal entities related to SU - separate divisions of municipal administrative structures (departments, departments, committees), managing organizations;

2. legal entities related to the objects of management (OS) - resource-supplying organizations, housing enterprises, contractors.

The subsystem of consumers of housing and communal services, in turn, consists of individuals and legal entities as business entities (organizations, enterprises, homeowners associations, housing cooperatives, housing and communal services, etc.). The indicated socio-economic system (hereinafter - simply the system) has a number of features that should be taken into account when developing economic and mathematical models.

The first feature of the HCS is that economic activity of this large, branched socio-economic system largely depends on the activities and price levels formed by economic complexes related to other sectors of the Russian economy - fuel and energy (FEC), mining and water supply, having federal and regional levels of subordination and, consequently, levels regulation.

The second feature is that the housing and communal services system consists of subsystems of three levels - federal, regional and municipal (Figure 9). Depending on the level of consideration of the problem, the number of control objects (OC), regulatory bodies and interested market participants, that is, in the aggregate - the actors of the system under study, changes. This largely depends on the current legislative framework in terms of the level of competence of the relevant government bodies and the established practice of relations between them.

The third feature that generates feedback in the housing and communal services system is that in many cities of Russia, municipal housing and communal services are serviced by resource-supplying enterprises of regional and federal levels of subordination, which have the status of SUE - a state unitary enterprise. In such cases, as a rule, tripartite contracts for the supply of resources are concluded, in which the management company (MC), the resource supplying enterprise and the administration of the municipality participate. Each party has its own rights and obligations. The management company collects payments from the population for housing and communal services (HCS), places an order for the supply of resources, determines the quantity and quality of the supply of resources, and pays for the consumed resources, taking into account the volume and quality of supply. The resource supplying enterprise releases resources in accordance with the requirements of the contract, the administration of the municipality provides a direct transfer of targeted budget funds to the resource supplying enterprise, controlling the quality and quantity of the supplied resources.

At the same time, tariffs and norms for resource consumption are approved by local governments, most often in the form of interdepartmental commissions. This leads to the fact that individual control actions (in the form of a tariff structure and (or) a tariff scheme, consumption standards and transferred volumes of target funds) carried out at lower levels, for example, at the level of local government, have a direct impact on the financial condition of resource suppliers. enterprises of a higher level of subordination and should be taken into account in mathematical models as an internal or external influence (depending on the level of the model) through the level of prices for the resources received.

The fourth feature of the housing and communal services system is that the decision maker (DM), at all levels of management, is a set of authorities and regulatory entities involved in decision-making, as well as influencing decision-making, that is, it is of a collective nature and, ultimately, it is a group of persons who have the right to make agreed decisions on the choice of one of several options for control actions. In particular, when revising tariffs, the decision maker is a regulatory body in the form of an interdepartmental commission or a regional energy commission (REC), the main purpose of which is to optimize the interests of all parties.

This fact leads to the need for strict regulation of the tariff revision procedure, since it requires the regulatory body to carry out a large amount of work in coordinating numerous expert opinions. When choosing alternatives, decision makers have to take into account a large number of conflicting requirements and, therefore, evaluate solutions according to many criteria. Contradictory requirements and ambiguous assessments in the choice of priorities greatly complicate decision making.

Synthesis of a generalized decision-making algorithm in the housing and communal services management system

In this dissertation study, the proposed solution algorithm is demonstrated for a particular case of the RRP: from a variety of payment schemes for housing and communal services (multi-rate tariffs), based on a variety of criteria for evaluating outcomes and a variety of preferences of HUS market participants, it is required to choose one compromise scheme based on the available fuzzy information about the current economic and financial state this sector of the economy and the solvency of consumers of housing and communal services.

In this decision problem: 1. strategic goal search for management solutions T is to stabilize the economic condition of the economy and improve the financial condition of housing and communal services, which is reduced to a hierarchy of private goals. 2. The set of alternatives A = (Ak), k= 1,...,12 is a set of 12 proposed payment schemes for housing and communal services. 3. Under the environment of the RFP E, the features of the RFP and the conditions for the implementation of the PR procedure are understood to be characteristic of the housing and communal services. 4. The set of criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of HC K = (K,), i=l,...,9 consists of 9 parameters showing the level of socio-economic well-being of housing and communal services. 5. The set of preferences of the actors of the system P = (Pj), j=l,...,16 is a set of goals and interests of the actors that must be taken into account when choosing a management decision. 6. The set of measurement scales according to the H criteria is a set of different scales used in the process of choosing a solution. 2.3.1. Study of a set of informative features of the information infrastructure of the housing and communal services management system

In order to build a decision-making system in the most efficient (or optimal) way, it is necessary and sufficient that individual subsets of the M-dimensional set of informative features in the information infrastructure of the housing and communal services system, which is the set (4), be distinguishable as elements of perception (or recognition images). On the basis of the Bolzano-Weierstrass theorem, from a limited set, which is the set of informative features of the information infrastructure of the housing and utilities management system, it is possible to single out a particular set converging to the final limit structures of SU housing and communal services and determination of their separability. To assert this position, in turn, it is necessary to define a number of set-theoretic positions.

It is necessary to prove that the set of informative features is countable and everywhere dense. But before proceeding to the proof of the proposed assumption, it is necessary to define the following lemmas.

Lemma 1. Any point of the metric space of informative features of the HCS information infrastructure ye[Y] can be defined as y = lim yn, where yneY. The interpretation of the put forward lemma for the majority of informative features of the decision-making and decision-making system in the housing and communal services system has the following meaning: each element of subsets and sets of informative features is formed as a result of identifying the most significant factors. Let us define this set of informative features as a set of points in a metric space, each point of which, in the passage to the limit, can be represented as the limit of generators of basic sets or as a limitingly possible derived element of the family of conditional dependency of informative features, which belongs to Y. Based on this definition, we present the proof of the lemma. Consider two cases:

1. If any element of the set of informative features of the HPU information infrastructure belongs to y eY, then we can put yn = y for all n, that is, any element of the metric space is determined.

2. If any element of the metric space of sets of informative features does not belong to Y, but belongs to its closure ye[Y], then in accordance with the fact that the operation of closing an arbitrary set consists in attaching conditional equivalence groups of the metric space of information infrastructure Y of limits to the set of informative features all converging subsets of its individual elements. A set of such limits is a closure of a set of informative signs - [Y] a single information field for decision-making in the HCS. Consequently, the inclusion ye[Y] implies y=lim yn, where yn eY, which was to be proved.

According to Lemma 1 and 2, [Y]=M means that each element of the set of information infrastructure of the housing and communal services management system uєM can be represented as y=lim y. In this case, yneY or for each element of the set of information signs yєM for any E 0, you can find yneY such that p(y,yn) є. Thus, it has been proven that the set of information features of the information infrastructure of the HCS CS is separable.

This proof was considered for a finite set of information features, which is directly used in the construction of the decision-making information space in the information infrastructure of the housing and communal services management system. .

AT general case the set of information signs for the system under consideration is not limited, that is, the emergence of new information signs as the development of socio-economic relations in the housing and communal services management system is possible. However, such a set will also be countable and everywhere dense. Consequently, the space of information signs of a single space M in the information infrastructure of decision-making will also be separable.

Solving the CPR using the Hierarchy Analysis Method

According to the MAI, at the first and second stages, in accordance with the hierarchy structure shown in Figure 25 of Chapter 2, the objects of the third level of the hierarchy were ordered in accordance with the weight coefficients of the objects of the second level, namely: the ordering of the components of the vector criterion for the effectiveness of a management decision and the set of preferences of the system actors in accordance with the weights of private decision-making goals.

At the first stage, in accordance with the methodology of the Moscow Aviation Institute, the components of the vector criterion of the effectiveness of the management decision (kj), і=1...9 were ranked. To do this, each expert filled in three tables of paired comparisons of the components of the vector criterion, corresponding to three particular goals of making a managerial decision (in the figures, the goals are designated CI, C2, C3). Judgment tables were filled in according to the AHP scale given in Table 16 of Chapter 2.

Next, the obtained tables were normalized by rows and the priority vector of the criteria components was calculated according to the AHP scale. The priority vector calculated in this way shows the degree of significance of each component of the vector criterion for achieving a particular goal.

For each table of expert assessments, the indicators of consistency of judgments were calculated: the consistency index of IS and the ratio of OS consistency were calculated according to the methodology described in Section 2.8 of Chapter 2. As a result, if the consistency indicators of all 4 experts met the established requirements (OS value 1), then the results of expert evaluations were averaged by the number of experts. Otherwise, the data was returned to the expert for clarification.

Tables 20, 23,26 show the results of expert surveys in the form of averaged matrices of pairwise comparisons of the components of the vector criterion in terms of each particular goal СІ, С2, СЗ (respectively - “Achieving a stable financial condition of housing and communal services enterprises”, “Reducing the degree of subsidized enterprises of the economic sector Housing and communal services”, “Compliance of established tariffs with the level of solvency of consumers of housing and communal services”), Tables 21, 24, 27 show normalized matrices with the calculated vector of priorities according to the MAI scale. Tables 22, 25, 28 show estimates of the main value averaged over the number of experts of the normalized matrices of pairwise comparisons of the components of the vector criterion.

The obtained satisfactory consistency indicators indicate that the priority vector of the set of criteria for the effectiveness of managerial decisions can be used in subsequent calculations of the generalized weights of alternatives.

At the second stage, in accordance with the AHP, an additional (actually safety) ranking of the aggregated set of preferences of system actors (Pj), j=l ...6, obtained earlier by the CBM method, was carried out. Similarly to the first stage, the experts filled in three matrices of pairwise comparisons of preferences in accordance with three particular goals of making a managerial decision. The elements of the matrix reflect the degree to which individual preferences correspond to each particular goal.

Next, the obtained matrices were normalized by rows and the vector of priorities of the preferences of the actors of the system was calculated according to the AHP scale. Then, the main value was calculated for each received matrix of judgments and the indicators of consistency of judgments were calculated.

Tables 31, 34,37 show the averaged matrices of paired comparisons of actors' preferences for particular goals СІ, С2, СЗ. Tables 32, 35, 38 show normalized matrices with calculated priority vectors on the AHP scale. Tables 33, 36, 39 show the average indicators of the consistency of judgments on the goals of СІ, С2, СЗ.

At the third stage, the ranking of the set of alternative options for payment schemes for housing and communal services (Aj), і =1... 12 was carried out. The experts consistently made a pairwise comparison of alternatives from the standpoint of each efficiency criterion and each preference of the system actors. The elements of the matrices reflect the degree of superiority of one alternative over another in terms of a possible improvement in the values of the considered components of the vector criterion or the possibility of realizing the considered preferences of the actors.

Next, the resulting matrices were normalized by rows and the priority vector of alternatives was calculated according to the AHP scale. Then, for each obtained matrix of judgments, its main value was calculated and the indicators of consistency of judgments were calculated. Note that in all matrices of expert assessments, the OS belongs to the acceptable range (20%), which made it possible to take into consideration the results obtained and average them over the number of experts.

Discipline: Economy
The type of work: coursework
Topic: Improving the management of housing and communal services

Improving the management of housing and communal services
Content:

Introduction

Chapter 1. The state of housing and communal services in Russia

1.1. Demonopolization of housing and communal services

1.2. The crisis state of the housing and communal sector

Chapter 2. Prospects for reforms in the field of housing and communal services

2.1. Formation of a strategy for the development of housing and communal services of the municipality

2.2. Reform of financing of housing and communal services

Chapter 3

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

The housing and communal sphere affects the vital interests of each of us: material, social, physical, consumer, information, environmental. But during the implementation of the housing and communal reform, civil society again remained on the sidelines.

The course taken to transform the industry required an immediate solution to specific problems that had a negative impact on the state of real estate in the housing and communal sector. First of all, they should include:

residual funding principle;
the lack of a clear delineation of powers and responsibilities of different levels of government for its safety;
scanty participation of the population in paying for housing and utilities;
lack of a housing market and housing and communal services;
multifunctionality, and hence the multi-level departmental subordination of enterprises, etc.;

The main issues were ownership of fixed assets related to the housing and communal services sector, responsibility for the safety of this property, its intended use and development.

As a result of the transformations of 1999-2004. the existing system of management and financing of housing and communal services has undergone cardinal changes. The forms of ownership of all objects of the housing and communal sector of the Russian Federation have changed significantly.

This course work is devoted to these and other transformations in the housing and communal sector.

The housing and communal reform has a multifaceted impact on various aspects of the life of our country, therefore, the government, federal ministries and departments, as well as state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, cities and municipalities monitor its progress and actively participate in its implementation.

The housing and communal services of Russia are in decline... How to update everything in it, what to change in legislation, in management, how to make the producers of housing and communal services learn how to rationally manage their production, and consumers get the freedom to choose services in terms of quantity, quality, set and prices? These are the issues that the housing and communal services reform should solve.

The purpose of this course work is to study the improvement of the housing and communal services system.

In connection with this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks:

Consider the state of housing and communal services in Russia.
To study the prospects for reforms in the field of housing and communal services.
Analyze the reform of the financing of housing and communal services.

The source for writing the work was the regulatory and legislative acts of the Russian Federation governing the reform of the housing and communal sector in Russia, numerous publications from Russian economic periodicals devoted to the reform of housing and communal services, as well as statistical reporting.

Chapter 1. The state of housing and communal services in Russia1.1. Demonopolization of housing and communal services

As part of the implementation of the concept of housing and communal services reform, the Program for Demenopolization and the Development of Competition in Housing and Communal Services was developed, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 12/20/97. No. 1613.

The program included:

creation of a competitive environment in the provision of housing services as a result of the division of functions between the owners of the housing stock (or organizations authorized to act on behalf of the owner), management companies and contractor housing organizations;
antimonopoly regulation of the activities of natural local monopolies and the creation of a competitive environment in the field of heat, electricity, water supply and sanitation;
demonopolization and creation of a competitive environment in sub-sectors (improvement settlements and funeral service)
demonopolization of the bath-laundry and hotel industry;
creation of a competitive environment and demonopolization of housing and communal services in small municipalities, countryside and closed administrative-territorial formations.

Summing up the results of the first years of the implementation of the program, for which it was designed, it should be noted that the main goals have been achieved. In many regions, they understood the importance of housing and communal services as a socially forming branch of the urban economy, requiring close attention of the authorities, including in terms of changing the management system and financing of functioning business entities. Over the past two years, the structure of organizations operating in the manufacturing market and the system for providing housing and communal services have changed (see figure).

Rice. 11 Dynamics of growth in the number of enterprises
by form of ownership in the housing sector

The prevailing number of economic entities belongs to the sphere of small business. Finally, in 1999, they produced works (services) worth more than 20 billion rubles, or about 6% of the volume of services in housing and communal services. The largest number of such enterprises operate in the field of capital and current repairs of the housing stock (about 80%).

An important element in the implementation of the demonooolization program was the further corporatization of organizations in the resource-supplying sectors of the urban economy, in the field of road management and improvement, and public services. Thus, the share of joint-stock companies in 2004 (%) was:

Table 1

plumbing and sewerage

thermal power engineering

road maintenance and improvement

ritual service

housing

As experience shows, a change in the form of ownership has positive results only if the corporatization of enterprises is carried out on the basis of a deep financial and economic analysis of their activities, the financial interest of each employee and the purposeful work of the team and its leaders to develop their enterprise.

The practice of functioning of joint-stock companies in Anzhero-Sudzhensk of the Kemerovo region, Troitsk and Mytishchi of the Moscow region, Ufa, Pskov, Omsk, Samara, Veliky Novgorod, Novocherkassk and Azov of the Rostov region and other cities proves the promise of this work. Here, not only independently (mainly at the expense of extrabudgetary sources) the technical re-equipment of enterprises is being carried out without any special calculation for city \"capital investments\", but also legal and economic problems are successfully solved in order to prevent bankruptcy, etc.

Such enterprises survive in this difficult legal, political and economic situation, as a rule, thanks to the efforts of active,\"advanced\" business executives who shoulder the burden of\"pioneers \" of private business in the housing and communal sector. And you don't envy them. After all, the issues of demonopolization and corporatization of housing and communal services do not find wide support in most regions and municipalities of Russia.

The demonopolization program has not yet become a guide to action in most municipalities and regions of Russia. The success of its implementation on the ground is entirely the merit of the public utilities themselves, who, at their own peril and risk, seek corporatization of their enterprises with all the ensuing consequences: corporatized - do not count on subsidies from the budget, on the development of urban engineering infrastructure, which was and remains municipal property, do not apply and generally forget the way to the administration.

Most regions have not yet formed a positive attitude towards the reform of housing and communal services. On the ground, there is a sluggish current process of reforming legal relations in this sector of the economy, the initiator of which (or not) is the industry workers.

Understanding the depth of technical, financial and economic transformations and taking into account the socio-political significance of the housing and communal services sector and the significant time required for such transformations, many leaders do not dare to undertake their implementation.

Almost everyone (both executive authorities, and the population, and industrial and budget consumers) is already clear that in this form the content of the industry is ruinous for a person, city, region and state, but to change anything (to carry out the transformations formulated in the Concept of the housing and communal services reform ) nobody wants. And if such initiatives are implemented by local administrations, then, as a rule, they are far from the reform scenario defined by legislative and government documents. As an example, we can cite attempts to combine the services of the customer and the enterprises of thermal networks; enterprises of heat and power networks; enterprises of heating networks and water supply and sewerage facilities; housing and communal enterprises of the city - in one and other options for merging enterprises that do not have any economic justification.

A similar situation develops in the restructuring of housing and communal enterprises. As a rule, this is connected with the solution of personnel issues and has nothing to do with the reform of legal relations in the housing and communal sector.

In practice, the broad powers of the heads of unitary enterprises in the absence of effective tools and the order of management, control and motivation of managers cause:

the transfer of part of the financial flows of unitary enterprises to satellite firms created with the aim of changing the direction of financial flows. As a result, all the profit that unitary enterprises could receive ends up in these firms;
the conclusion of transactions in which the management of a unitary enterprise is interested, which leads to an artificial overestimation of the cost of production, and in some cases to the theft of municipal property;
lack of objective information from municipal authorities on the state of affairs in unitary enterprises;
the inability to prevent the negative consequences of unskilled or illegal activities of managers.

The number of unprofitable unitary enterprises is growing, which is largely provoked by the lack of proper management and lack of control on the part of the municipal authorities. The owner does not receive part of the profit of the unitary enterprise.

Considering the above, the following conclusions can be drawn:

the existing system of management of unitary enterprises requires a radical reform;
the activities of unitary enterprises are, as a rule, inefficient;
in many regions, the number of unitary enterprises does not match the ability of municipalities to manage and control their activities;
there are no clear criteria for the creation of unitary enterprises and their functioning in the housing and communal services;
the low efficiency of the activity of unitary enterprises in the housing and communal services requires significant allocations from municipal budgets, and in their absence leads to unsatisfactory customer service.

These conclusions indicate the need to create enterprises in the form of economic companies that have a number of advantages over unitary enterprises, including those associated with greater manageability, accountability, and limitation of liability for debts.

The creation of such business entities will bring closer the solution of another very important problem related to the reform of the housing sector - the emergence of homeowners, management companies (homeowners) in municipal housing. This, in essence, is the sphere of the urban economy where unitary enterprises cause the greatest damage to municipal property (housing stock), the image of municipal authorities and form a negative attitude of the population towards the housing and communal services reform. To solve this problem on federal level needed:2

amend the civil legislation (Articles 66 and 124 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation) in terms of the right of municipalities to create business companies and participate in such companies, with a view to securing this right for municipalities;
supplement Art. 295 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, part 3 of the following content: \"The owner of property secured on the right of economic management has the right to seize excess, unused or misused property and dispose of it at its discretion\";
amend Art. 113 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, providing for the creation in a unitary enterprise, along with the head (director), of a collegial management body, whose powers are similar to those of the supervisory board (board of directors) of a joint-stock company, taking into account the specifics of a unitary enterprise;
supplement paragraph 1 of Art. 31 of the Law of the Russian Federation of August 28, 1995 No. 154-FZ \"On the general principles of organizing local self-government in the Russian Federation \" in the words: \"exercise control over the activities of such enterprises, institutions and organizations in the manner determined by federal legislation and regulations of local self-government, not contradicting federal legislation, as well as in cases and in the manner provided for by federal legislation, participate in the management of such enterprises, institutions and organizations\";
adopt a new version of the Housing Code;
add to project federal law\"On unitary enterprises\" a norm providing for the creation of a control body in unitary enterprises, which, along with representatives of the owner, also includes representatives labor collective, independent (outside) specialists, members of the public;
conduct a mandatory annual audit of the financial and economic activities of unitary enterprises by independent auditors, as well as, in cases established by the charter of the enterprise, a technical (technological) audit.

To optimize the number of unitary enterprises in the field, it is necessary that such organizations, including state-owned ones, be created only in cases where the goals and tasks set for them cannot be implemented by business entities of a different information-legal form.

It is necessary to assess the activities of all unitary enterprises. In the event that decisions are made on the inconsistency of the activities of such an enterprise with the statutory tasks, the founder must:

reorganize it (taking into account the activity of sources of financing carried out by it in accordance with the special legal capacity, the state of the market for the relevant goods, works, services) in economical society(including in Draktionernoye in accordance with the norms of the Law of the Russian Federation of 21.07.97 123-FZ \"On the privatization of state property and on the privatization of municipal property in the Russian Federation\") or in municipal institution;
privatize a municipal unitary enterprise, if the types of activities it performs that are not related to the livelihoods of the population of the municipality are carried out or objectively can be carried out by a private enterprise (repair, maintenance, service and other activities in the housing and communal services sector).
1.2. The crisis state of the housing and communal sector

As you know, before the reform, approximately 98% of the costs of maintaining and developing the housing and communal sector of the industry fell on the budget of ministries, departments, enterprises or organizations in charge of housing and communal services. The almost complete financial dependence of the housing and communal sector on the budget, as well as on the relevant departments and enterprises, had an extremely negative impact on its work both because of the residual allocation of funds, and no less because of the lack of interest in their rational use.

There were no opportunities for coordinating work and maneuvering resources as a result of the widespread departmental disunity of housing and the utility network. Huge losses of housing and communal services were commonplace. The budgets of territories and departments experienced considerable financial difficulties. Expenses for housing and communal services amounted to 30 to 70%3 of the budgets of many territories, cities and municipalities, which made it difficult to meet the social needs of the population, as well as to develop the economy. industrial enterprises, Agriculture, construction and other sectors of the economy, on the balance sheet of which was housing and communal services, were forced to engage in functions unusual for them. Labor, material and financial resources were expended, which could be used with greater return to develop the improvement of production and increase its efficiency.

Therefore, the industry itself, as well as other sectors and sectors of the economy, government bodies and budgets of all levels, were primarily interested in eliminating all these negative phenomena.

Currently, more than 90% of departmental housing and utilities have been transferred to municipal ownership. The Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, taking this into account, has carried out work to change interbudgetary relations. Most of the additional expenses of the budgets of local authorities for the maintenance of housing and communal facilities accepted into municipal ownership are compensated by the federal budget. At the same time, almost all funds for the maintenance of housing and communal services, including objects, accepted before July 1, 1999, were taken into account in the calculations of the federal budget for 2000. when determining the index of budget expenditures.

Thus, the majority of enterprises that transferred housing and communal services to local authorities have already freed themselves from non-production functions unusual for them, focusing on production efficiency. According to statistical reporting, volume industrial production in 2004 it increased by 8.1% in the whole country.

This was also facilitated by measures to eliminate cross-funding in the conditions of...

Pick up file

Introduction

Section 1. Theoretical part

Section 2. Analytical part

Section 3. Design part

4.1. Economical effect 1 event

4.2. Economic effect for the 2nd event

4.3. Economic effect for the 3rd event

Conclusion

Literature

Introduction

The relevance of the research topic is determined by the fact that the development of housing and communal services (hereinafter referred to as housing and communal services), as an economic entity, affects the vital interests of the entire population of the country.

Public utilities organizations, satisfying the daily needs of the population, indirectly affect the efficiency of the functioning of the entire national economic complex. However, the communal sector, which in the past was classified as a non-productive sphere of the economy, was not invested as a priority and did not arouse the keen interest of researchers in the problems of its development, which did not contribute to the dynamic development of the theory and practice of the functioning of the housing and communal services.

Currently, the attention of the population itself and local governments is directed to the processes of reforming the public utilities, which makes the strategic management of the municipal economy one of the key areas of its development.

The increasing role of housing and communal services in the structure of the economy of the municipality is due to the fact that, on the one hand, the property on the balance sheet of enterprises in the industry grows from year to year, and on the other hand, the level of monopolization of housing and communal services increases while their quality remains unchanged.

Due to the circumstances noted, the study of problems strategic management Housing and communal services of the municipality is relevant and significant.

The object of the course study was the housing and communal services system of Podolsk.

The subject is the study of housing and communal services management in Podolsk.

The purpose of the course work was to develop measures to improve the efficiency of housing and communal services management of the municipality.

Section 1. Theoretical part

1.1. Content, tasks and features of the housing and communal services of the municipality

Housing and communal services is a complex socio-economic complex designed to meet certain needs of the population. From a social point of view, housing and communal services is the most important sphere of life and life support for a person, from an economic point of view, it is a special market for the production of goods and services associated with housing and the utilities sector.

Let's start with the definition of the concept of "housing and communal services", which, for all the obviousness of its existence, does not have a single meaning either in the scientific literature or in legislative and regulations Russian Federation. There is no unity either at the national or regional levels, not to mention the municipal ones.

There are at least two approaches to the definition of the concept of "housing and communal". The first is based on the understanding of the terms "housing" as referring to the housing stock, and "communal" - as associated with engineering systems or networks, i.e. water, heat, gas, electrical communications. The second approach is based on the understanding of the broader term "housing and communal", and is associated with the environment, i.e. the sphere of life of individuals and society - a territorial community of people belonging to one commune (territorial community in the original and generally accepted sense of the word) .

With the first meaning, the management of housing and communal services is understood as the management of the housing stock and the engineering and communication infrastructure adjacent to it or providing it. In the second case, the management of housing and communal services assumes the meaning of managing the entire complex of the national economy of the territory, associated with the residence of the socio-cultural community in a particular territory. This complex includes not only the housing stock with the engineering infrastructure adjacent to it, but also the entire complex of neighborhood structures with their technical, legal, social, economic, cultural, environmental and other components at the place of residence of a person and society.

The concept of "communal" for the purposes of unification should be considered as referring to the urban or municipal economy (socio-economic complex of the territory). Housing and communal services is a branch of the public sector of the economy, part of the national economy or national economy of the country. Housing and communal services on the territory of the municipality is a part of the municipal economy, and the most significant. From 60 to 90% of all municipal problems are connected with housing and communal services.

Housing and communal services is a special area of the regional economy in which the production, distribution and consumption of housing and communal goods and services related to the sphere of personal and public consumption in conditions of limited resources is carried out. This is a complex diversified or intersectoral complex of the public sector of the economy, which is in the sphere of state regulation and territorial administration.

Key concepts:

housing - belonging to housing, i.e. to objects and places of residence of people;
communal - relating to a commune or community, having a public or social character;
economy - the whole complex of property, legal, managerial and other objects, subjects and relations.
Housing and communal services include the following elements:
land plots on which housing stock and other material objects of housing and communal services are located;
housing stock, i.e. multi-apartment and individual residential buildings;
housing communications, i.e. engineering infrastructure, electricity, water, heat, gas supply networks, etc.;
landscaping and landscaping facilities on the territory of the housing stock;
objects of socio-cultural, commercial, household, sports and other purposes located in a residential area;
intra-block roads, parking lots, garages and other elements of transport communication in a residential area;
enterprises for the production of building and other materials for the housing stock;
construction enterprises and organizations;
enterprises for the production of means of transport, mechanisms, special and other equipment for the housing stock, etc.;
enterprises and organizations for the production of heat and electricity, water, etc.;
trade and supply organizations;
financial institutions;
means and organizations of information support;
scientific and research organizations;
educational organizations;
law enforcement agencies;
control and supervisory bodies and organizations;
legislative and executive bodies state power, territorial administration and local self-government;
enterprises and organizations of non-industrial nature of auxiliary and supporting purposes;
management or management companies.

The concept of "management" in relation to housing and communal services, in addition to the well-known synonym "management", should be supplemented with a factor value that is significant from the point of view of economic theory. Modern economic theory recognizes four basic factors of production. These are resources (land, capital, labor) and entrepreneurial ability, which combines other factors in the production process. Entrepreneurial ability can be defined as a system-forming factor.

All major economic resources are present in the housing and communal economy, but the definition of entrepreneurial ability as the only backbone factor of production is at least incomplete. In the process of ensuring the interaction of factors of production, in addition to entrepreneurs, authorities and management bodies, or administrative resources, are also involved. Both resources are parts of a single shared resource, which is appropriately called management. This is a newer version of the name of the backbone factor of production and at the same time a new meaning of the well-known concept. In other words, management is a backbone factor of production that ensures the interaction between the main economic resources (labor, land and capital) in the process of production, consumption and distribution of material goods, goods and services in a world of limited resources.

All elements of housing and communal services can be attributed to one or another economic resource. Directly to the management resource are: financial institutions; scientific and research organizations; educational organizations; law enforcement agencies; control and supervisory bodies and organizations: legislative and executive bodies of state power, territorial administration and local self-government; enterprises and organizations of non-industrial nature of auxiliary and supporting purposes; management or management companies. These elements play a different role in relation to the management resource and are divided into main and auxiliary. The main ones are management and management companies.

1.2. The main directions for improving the management of housing and communal services of the municipality

The reform of housing and communal services, which, in accordance with its latest Concept, has been going on in the Russian Federation for more than 10 years, has not led to the desired and expected results. Initially, the stages and deadlines for the implementation of the planned measures, indicated in the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation in 1997, are postponed or postponed to a new time, and more than once.

Speaking about the effective management of housing and communal services, one should talk about both the rational use of management resources and the organization of the process successful management objects and (or) elements of housing and communal services. Thus, the effective management of housing and communal services should be understood as the rational use of managerial resources and the organization of successful management of housing and communal services.

One of the criteria for the effectiveness of the use of managerial resources may be the growth of indicators of production and reproduction of housing and housing and communal services.

From a purely economic point of view, the efficiency of housing and communal services management in the territory is associated with economic efficiency (EF) and is determined by the ratio of the result, effect, sales proceeds (VR) to all total cost or costs for the production of housing and communal services (IP):

Ef \u003d Vr / Ip

As an indicator of efficiency, you can use the profit from production and sales (Pr), which is defined as the difference between revenue and costs:

Pr \u003d Vr - Ip

But the efficiency of housing and communal services management is not always associated with the achievement of maximum profit. efficient, in broad sense, is considered such management, in which the goals of the organization are achieved. The goals of representatives of commercial enterprises or business structures do not always coincide with the goals of LSG bodies and the population. Business strives for maximum prices for housing and communal services, and authorities and administrations, protecting the interests of the population, should strive to establish minimum prices.

In practice, in the conditions of market relations, all participants in the process should strive to establish a balance of interests. Such a balance is achieved by establishing a market equilibrium between the proposed price for housing and communal services and the price of paid demand in a civilized market economy. If the price is too high, a significant part of consumers will not be able to pay for services, and if the price is too low, enterprises and organizations will not be able to recover their costs.

Therefore, the effectiveness of housing and communal services management in the territory, in addition to economic efficiency, is also determined by social efficiency. Social efficiency reflects the effectiveness of the social process as a whole, it is a generalizing characteristic of the development of any territory. For measuring social efficiency a variety of indicators are used: economic, social, socio-demographic, socio-humanistic, etc. Indicators of social efficiency in the field of housing and communal services can be: the availability of housing, the comfort of housing, the provision of housing for a family, the quality and cost of housing and communal services provided and others

The main criterion of social efficiency in housing and communal services is the maximum satisfaction of the needs of the population in housing and communal services at minimum prices, which does not always coincide with the interests of business. Therefore, in order to achieve a balance of interests, it is necessary to strive to achieve social and economic efficiency.

Socio-economic efficiency (SEEF) in the management of housing and communal services in the territory is an integrated indicator of the average profitability of a business or the cost of housing and communal services in relation to the average share of costs (Zo) for paying for housing and communal services in the total income of families.

SEEF \u003d Ef / Zo

In modern management theory, management is considered effective if organizations achieve their goals. Therefore, efficiency in the management of housing and communal services should be considered from three positions:

- representatives of business or entrepreneurs;

- public authorities or territorial administration;

- the population.

Efficiency from the point of view of entrepreneurs or business representatives is defined, first of all, as economic efficiency. According to the classical scheme, efficiency is the ratio of the costs of producing goods and services and the income from their sale, expressed in terms of profit. If entrepreneurs seek profit at any cost, they must remember that under conditions free market The offer price must not exceed the ask price. Otherwise, consumers will either refuse the service or not be able to pay for it. Civilized entrepreneurs build their business based on the interests of consumers.

The population is interested in receiving the maximum number of housing and communal services at minimum prices and good quality.

The reform of housing and communal services being carried out in the country is developing in two main directions, which sometimes come into irresolvable contradictions - this is the transition to full payment by the population of housing and communal services (HUS) and the reduction of costs for the production of HUS while maintaining their quality. It is impossible to resolve the emerging contradictions without achieving a balance of interests.
The basis for achieving a balance of interests of the population, entrepreneurs and authorities should be based on the principle of reasonable sufficiency (PRD).

PRD, fitting into the theory of public choice, involves the definition of the "golden mean" on a contractual basis. It is proposed to be used as a reconciling principle as an alternative to the coercive principle. The essence of contracts between producers and consumers in the housing and communal services system should be reduced to the establishment of an equilibrium and affordable price for housing and acceptable payment for housing and communal services with the same or improving quality.
As for management technologies, this is the sphere of economic relations, thanks to which the process of functioning of any economic system, including housing and communal services, is carried out.
Technology is any means of transforming inputs, whether people, information, or physical materials, into desired products or services.

Technologies can be industrial, informational, public or managerial.

Public (management) technology is the process of transformation of man and society. tool in public technology is a political system or regime.

Social technology can be defined as a means to obtain the desired results, products, services in human society.
Under management technologies in housing and communal services, taking into account the point of view developed in modern theory and practice of management, one should understand various management tools and means used to obtain the desired results in the process of production, distribution and consumption of housing and communal goods, products and services.

Engineering and reengineering of business processes, development, economic growth, participation in management, etc.

Engineering and reengineering of business processes are modern advanced management technologies aimed at multiplying the profitability of a business.

Reengineering of business processes in housing and communal services is a complex and radical redesign that increases the economic efficiency of the complex several times.

Reengineering can be exactly the tool for reforming the housing and communal services, which can give the desired positive effect.

As for the technologies of development, growth, participation, their definition and interpretation requires separate and special consideration at least in a separate article, however, like the above. It should be said that the listed new technologies are an alternative to the currently used inefficient cost and consumer management technologies that hinder the development of housing and communal services.

May with full confidence argue that in the context of the use of outdated and long-obsolete management technologies, it is impossible to achieve any effective reform, development and management of the housing and communal services. New economic relations and new economic tasks cannot be combined with the old economic relations. For example, it is impossible to combine free market competition and strict tariff regulation for housing and communal services, since these are elements of various economic and management technologies and they cannot be combined without contradictions.

The efficiency of housing and communal services management is increased due to an objective, systematic analysis, a good planning and forecasting system, adequately selected means, internal and external management conditions, implementation tools and the skill level of specialists implementing management tasks.

Consideration in the methodology of issues of personnel policy, training and retraining of personnel for the housing and communal services sector implies the methodological completeness of a set of management measures to achieve effective management of housing and communal services in the territory.

Examples of special techniques are:

Methodology for the examination of tariffs for housing and communal services (HCS). One of the most difficult issues in the management of housing and communal services is the theory and practice of the mechanism for pricing and setting tariffs for housing and communal services. At the same time, one of the most acute problems in the formation of the cost of services in the housing sector is the validity of the overall value, structure and size that make up the need for financial resources to provide in full and meet the quality standards of work and services for housing maintenance.
Efficient pricing is facilitated by a financial and economic examination of the reasonableness of tariffs for housing and communal services provided by housing and communal enterprises (HPU), taking into account modern economic and management theory, current legislation and the established practice of conducting examinations.
Conducting an independent special examination makes it possible to establish to a large extent the reliability, objectivity and necessity of the work performed and the costs for the provision of housing and communal services for the maintenance and repair of the housing stock.
Methodology of analysis, accounting and management financial resources received from payment for housing and communal services, as well as from other sources for purposes related to major repairs, current repairs and maintenance of the housing stock on the territory of the municipality.
In order to build a system of effective management of housing and communal services, it is necessary to conduct a serious scientific and practical search, develop a system for monitoring the state of socio-economic processes and conduct a comprehensive analysis of the state of housing and communal services in the territory.

Only through the use of new management technologies, the use of modern methods and methods, it is possible to achieve successful reform and effective management of housing and communal services, both in individual territories and in the Russian Federation as a whole.

Section 2. Analytical part

2.1. Socio-economic characteristics of the municipality

Podolsk is one of the largest industrial, scientific and cultural centers of the Moscow region. As of January 1, 2008, the permanent population of Podolsk was 180 thousand people. For the first time in the last 17 years, in 2007 there was an increase in the population (580 people).

In the first half of 2008, positive trends in the development of the city's economy persist: goods were shipped, works and services were shipped to the amount of 27 billion rubles (growth index was 131%). Medium wage reached 25,000 rubles. (growth against the corresponding period of last year - 135%).

Collected taxes to all levels of the budget - 7.7 billion rubles, including:

To the federal budget - 3.7 billion rubles. (growth by 12%);

To the regional budget - 3.0 billion rubles. (growth by 58%);

To the city budget - 1.0 billion rubles. (growth by 50%).

On the territory of the city of Podolsk there are 40 enterprises with foreign capital with a total number of employees of 3800 people. The volume of foreign investments amounted to 16.7 million US dollars, which is 4.3 times higher than the level of the corresponding period last year.

For the 1st half of 2008 retail turnover amounted to 6.3 million rubles.

On the territory of the city of Podolsk, residential buildings with a total area of about 128 thousand square meters have been put into operation today. m (2584 apartments), including multi-storey housing - over 125 thousand square meters. m (for the whole of 2007 - 132,556 sq. m), individual housing construction - over 2.6 thousand sq. m. m. In 2008, it is planned to put into operation 200 thousand square meters. m of housing.

According to the "Program for the resettlement of Podolsk citizens from dilapidated and dilapidated housing stock" for the period up to 2014, decisions were made to develop the built-up areas of the Shepchinki microdistrict within the boundaries of the streets: Vatutina, Pionerskaya, Tchaikovsky, Sverdlov, Kalinin, Shcheglov, Belinsky; microdistrict Novo-Syrovo within the streets: Bykovskaya, Silikatnaya, Artistic passage, Syrovsky dead end; m-on Kutuzovo within the streets: Kurchatov, Bagration, Sosnovaya, Borodinskaya; metro station Yuzhny within the boundaries of the streets: Kosmonav-tov, Pravda, Mashinostroiteley, the border of the city; metro station Severny within the boundaries of the streets: Enthusiasts, Severnaya, Ordzhoni-kidze, Zhdanovskaya; metro station Vostochny within the streets: Pleshcheevskaya, Levitan, Suvorov, Kramskoy; and m-on Krasnaya Gorka within the boundaries of the streets: Sadovaya, Lenina Avenue, Kolkhoz-naya, Shchorsa, Grazhdanskaya, Ovrazhnaya, the border of the city. This will make it possible to carry out the demolition of more than 150 thousand square meters. m of dilapidated housing and one and a half thousand families will be able to receive comfortable apartments.

In addition to housing facilities, social and cultural facilities are being built. Works on the reconstruction of the stadium "Trud" (1st stage) have been completed. The construction of the overpass through railway near the Kutuzovskaya platform.

The design of the Sunday school on the street is underway. Kras-noy, perinatal center on the street. High-rise, the regional house of veterans and the complex of social services on the street. High-rise, Wedding Palace.

Since the beginning of 2008, more than 70 million rubles have been spent on the repair and maintenance of intra-quarter roads. More than 24,000 running meters of curb stone have been installed, more than 87,000 square meters have been laid. meters of asphalt, about 6 thousand square meters. meters of paving slabs.

A large complex of works is carried out in the city for improvement. Completed work on the arrangement of pedestrian zones along the streets of K. Gottwald, Fevralskaya, along Lenin Avenue, along Revolutionary Avenue, in the square near the Trinity Church.

On the forecourt in the square near school number 3 and at the intersection of st. K. Gottwald and st. Kirov, a decorative clock was installed, and a light-and-sounding fountain was opened in the square near the Oktyabr Palace of Culture.

The landscaping of the courtyard areas of houses No. 34/29 and 36/14 along Revolutionary Avenue, houses No. 1/11 and 3, 2/14 and 4a along Sverdlov Street is being completed.

To ensure safety along the roadway of Stekolnikova, Matrosskaya, Komsomolskaya, Kirov, K. Gottwald streets, as well as Lenin Avenue and Revprospekt, more than 8000 linear meters have been installed. m of decorative railings.

42 playgrounds, 2 sports grounds worth more than 5.5 million rubles were installed in the yards. 670 tree seedlings and 1,500 shrubs have been planted. Work is underway to build a waste sorting complex.

New flower beds have been built on Stekolnikov, Kirov, B. Zelenovskaya, Vysotnaya, and Oktyabrsky Prospekts. More than 100 decorative flower girls have been installed, 200 thousand flowers have been planted.

The total amount of all additional cash payments from the city budget to low-income categories of citizens increased 5 times compared to 2006 and in 2007 amounted to about 12 million rubles. In 2008 it is planned to allocate more than 16 million rubles. Lonely pensioners, invalids, veterans of war and labor, large families and other low-income categories of citizens are provided with a preferential subscription for the 2nd half of 2008 to regional and local periodicals for a total of 1 million 890 thousand rubles.

On the initiative of CJSC "Transformer" and the national enterprise "Podolskkabel" and with the support of the head of the city, councils of young specialists are being created at enterprises and organizations, the leaders of which will be included in the city council of young specialists. Their work will help to attract active youth to the public life of the city, solve their social problems, organize meaningful leisure time, and improve the positive image of enterprises.

2.2. Analysis of the management of housing and communal services of the municipality

In 2007, the housing complex of the city has 1345 residential buildings with a total area of 3829.9 thousand square meters. m, the private sector is 2739 residential buildings.

The life support of the city is provided by MUE "DEZ of Podolsk" under contracts for the operation and maintenance of housing stock with 9 municipal housing and repair enterprises serving 921 residential buildings, MUZHRP-2, which manages 297 houses, as well as private management organizations : LLC "EK-TEKS" - 15 houses of homeowners' associations (HOA), LLC "ZHEU "Podolsky DSK" - 10 houses of HOA, LLC PZHI-Service - 9 houses of HOA and 5 houses of housing cooperatives, LLC "Atlant-service" - 1 building of HOA, SMU No. 1 Ekonomtransstroy LLC - 2 houses, REO LLC - 1 house, GOT-stroyservis LLC - 1 house, Usovo-Service Management Company LLC - 1 house, 46 ZhSK and 17 HOAs that maintain and operate their homes on their own.

4 residential buildings and 17 dormitories remain on the balance sheet of departments.

Specialized enterprises operate on the territory of the city - MUP "Liftremont", serving 474 elevators, and CJSC SP "Podyem" - 455 elevators.

The supply of utilities is carried out by municipal utilities: MUP "Podilskaya Teploset", MUP "Vodokanal", MUP "Podilskaya Elektroset" and fifteen departmental heat supply enterprises.

The total number of personnel working in the system of housing and communal and specialized enterprises is 4015 people.

The activity of the housing and communal complex of the city is coordinated by the Department of Housing and Communal Services of the City Administration.

The total actual expenses for the maintenance of housing and communal services in 2007 amounted to 639.834 million rubles.

In 2007, a lot of work was done with homeowners to choose a way to manage multi-apartment residential buildings. As a result, out of 1,095 multi-apartment residential buildings, the owners of residential premises have chosen a management company. Have not decided on the method of management - 148 houses. Currently, the Housing and Utilities Department of the city administration is preparing for an open competition to select a management company for those houses whose residents could not make their choice.

In 2007, current and major repairs of the housing stock were carried out. The total financial costs for the repair of the housing stock in 2007 amounted to 245.8 million rubles, of which 46.3 million rubles. - means of the city budget, including from the target budget fund "Housing" - 5.6 million rubles, the regional budget (under the guarantees of the municipality) - 168.0 million rubles. and funds of the population - 31.6 million rubles.

Works were carried out on the overhaul and current repairs of roofs, repair of elevator facilities, including 50 units of elevators were diagnosed, 77 were replaced, 12 were repaired. 15.8 thousand meters of pipelines were replaced, 11.2 thousand pieces. valves, 896 gate valves and 6302 sections of radiators, etc. Repairs were carried out on the internal power supply system. Replaced 245 units gas equipment. Stairwells were repaired in 405 entrances, 33415 meters of interpanel seams were repaired, balconies were repaired, balcony screens were replaced. 39.5 thousand square meters of facades, 93 porches were repaired, drainpipes were replaced in 44 houses.

Since 2005, the level of payments from the population from the approved tariffs for maintenance, maintenance, housing repairs and utilities has been 100%. Changes in the rates of payment for housing and utilities occur once a year.

In 2007, the collection from the population of rent, maintenance and utility bills amounted to an average of 97.0% in the city.

For the implementation of measures for social support of citizens, the provision of benefits for payment of housing and communal services certain categories population spent 252.717 million rubles. with funding from the regional budget - 184.509 million rubles. and the federal budget - 66.27 million rubles. The number of citizens who received benefits in 2007 amounted to 42,445 people, the number of benefits holders - 41,220 people.

During the year, 10,155 citizens received housing compensations (subsidies) to pay for housing and utilities in the city.

The heat supply of the city is carried out from 54 boiler houses, with a total installed capacity of 937.3 Gcal / h, through heat networks with a total length of 278.4 km (in 2-pipe terms) by 18 heat supply organizations (3 - municipal and 15 - departmental).

The main municipal heat-producing enterprise is MUP Podilska Teploset, which provides heat supply to 74.5% of the housing stock and more than 60% of objects social sphere cities.

On the balance sheet of the enterprise there are 38 boiler houses, 19 central heating stations, 140 km of heating networks (in 2-pipe terms).

In 2007, projects were developed for the reconstruction of two coal-fired boilers to be converted to natural gas: the boiler room of the House of Youth Creativity (P. Morozov St., 69) and the correctional school (P. Morozov St., 30).

In 2007, the volume of services rendered by MUP "Podilskaya teploset" for the main activity (heat supply and hot water supply to the consumer) amounted to: for the sale of thermal energy - 658.6 thousand Gcal for the amount - 109.6 million rubles, including for the population - 561.7 thousand Gcal for the amount - 86.9 million rubles, budget organizations- 54.5 thousand Gcal for the amount of 44.6 million rubles, for other consumers - 42.4 thousand Gcal for the amount of 35.7 million rubles.

In 2007, at the expense of own funds, city, regional budgets and investors' funds, the enterprise performed a large amount of work on overhaul, reconstruction, modernization of heat and power equipment and heating networks for a total of 143.9 million rubles.

Modernization of equipment at boiler houses along Pionerskaya, Komsomolskaya, Parkovaya and Kolkhoznaya streets was carried out.

Completed, started in 2006, the repair of chimneys at all boiler houses of the municipal unitary enterprise "Podilskaya teploset".

In 2007, more than 10 km of heating networks were overhauled (in one-pipe terms) along Ulyanov, Sosnovaya, Liteinaya, Rabochaya, Leningradskaya, Kirov, Pleshcheevskaya, Suvorov, Bannaya, K. Gottwald, Pakhrinsky proezd, Krasnogvardeisky Boulevard, Oktyabrsky Prospekt and others.

In order to save electricity, eight boiler houses have installed frequency-controlled pump drives this year.

To improve the hydraulic regime in consumer heat supply systems, 19 network pumps were replaced in boiler houses along Gaidar, Ulyanov, Sosnovaya, Mashtakov, Pleshcheevskaya, B. Ivanovskaya streets. 15 boiler houses are equipped with carbon monoxide and methane control systems.

Seven boilers were repaired in boiler houses along Gaidar, Ulyanovyh, Komsomolskaya, Izvestkovaya, Chistov, Liteinaya, Kolkhoznaya streets, the water-water heaters of the boiler house of the Ulyanovs, TsTP-8, TsTP-18 and others were replaced, the work of TsTP-2 in the 4th microdistrict.

Purchased for installation in the boiler houses of the Podolsk Heating Network, soft start stations for network pumps, equipment for determining leaks. For power supply of 15 small boiler houses of the enterprise, a mobile power plant has been purchased and is operating.

As a result of the overhaul of heating networks in 2007, the number of networks in emergency condition decreased from 53.7% to 51.2% compared to 2006, and decreased by 25.0 thousand cubic meters. total water consumption (in the amount of 375 thousand rubles).

Municipal Unitary Enterprise Vodokanal is responsible for water supply and sanitation in the city. On the balance of the enterprise there are 11 water intake units, 99 art wells, 29 reservoirs with a total volume of 45.1 thousand cubic meters, 20 water pumping stations, 10 units. sewer pumping stations, 2 service water pumping stations (the length of the technical water conduit is 5.6 km), 354.8 km of water pipes, 241.5 km of sewer networks, treatment facilities with a capacity of 183 thousand m3 / day, the dam of the Pakhra reservoir.

The average wear and tear of water supply networks is 55.6%, and of sewerage networks - 63.04%.

The volume of services rendered by MUE Vodokanal in 2007 amounted to: water sales - 27.8 million m . rub.

In 2007, MUP Vodokanal carried out a major overhaul, reconstruction of engineering networks and structures, as well as new construction of water supply and sanitation facilities in the amount of 225.7 million rubles, including at the expense of the enterprise's own funds - 131.3 million rubles ., the city budget - 10.9 million rubles, the regional budget - 8 million rubles. and borrowed funds specifications, issued to enterprises and organizations for connection to city networks - 83.4 million rubles.

The dilapidated water supply networks with a total length of 8.8 km and 1.2 km of sewerage networks were replaced with the transition to modern polyethylene pipes, with a large margin of guaranteed service life.

In 2007, a major overhaul of the water intake units "Desniinsky", "Volodarsky", "Konopelki", "Mochinsky", "Zalineiny" was carried out. A modern pumping station was put into operation at the Turist VZU, and an artesian water storage tank was built. Design and geodetic work was carried out for the technical re-equipment of the water pumping station "Gulevo", VZU "Central".

The technical re-equipment of urban treatment facilities was carried out: the biological treatment unit of the 4th stage, the shop for mechanical dewatering of sludge, the capitally restored primary settling tanks of the treatment facilities were put into operation, which were transferred to auto mode work.

In 2007, the enterprise carried out work on the construction of water supply networks in the development zone of the Yugo-Zapadny microdistrict, on the street. Spring, as well as sewer networks on the street. Kurchatov, Spring.

As a result of the repair work carried out, the accident rate in the water supply and sanitation networks decreased from 0.38 accidents per day to 0.25 compared to 2006.

The introduction of automation systems, variable drives of pumping stations has saved about 5 million kW/h of electricity.

The use of trenchless technologies in the construction and repair of pipelines has been further developed. The third horizontal directional drilling rig from Robins was purchased and necessary equipment to ensure its work, the staff of the brigade was staffed and trained.

New water treatment technologies based on sodium hypochlorite and automatic systems"Aldos", ozonation, ultraviolet disinfection, which made it possible to provide better water supply to the population, significantly improve the safety of drinking water and improve its organoleptic properties.

An important component of the municipal economy of the city is its energy supply.

On the balance sheet of MUP "Electroset" are: 299 units. transformer substations (532 transformers), 27 units. distribution points, 626.5 km of cable lines, 306.9 km of overhead lines, 8217 pcs. street lighting fixtures. The average wear of electrical equipment is about 52%.

In 2007, the accident rate at the MUE Podolsk Electric Network enterprise remained at the level of 2006 and averages 0.8 failures per day.

In 2007, the total volume of services provided by the Podolsk Electricity Network to consumers for the sale of electricity amounted to 432.4 million kWh. (growth against the level of 2006 - 2.5%).

In 2007, at the expense of the enterprise, work was carried out on the overhaul of electrical facilities in the amount of 24.4 million rubles, including the repair of the construction part of 24 units of transformer substations, repair and adjustment of oil circuit breakers and relay protection of 59 sets, 14 high-voltage chambers and 25 low-voltage panels were replaced to turn on / off the electrical load, 6 transformers were repaired, 101 reinforced concrete poles were installed, 8.2 km of insulated wires of the SIP-2A type were installed instead of uninsulated ones, 163 lamps were repaired, 7.1 km of high-voltage ones were replaced and laid cable lines in the microdistricts "Northern", "Southern" and st. Kirov, as well as 3.5 km of low-voltage cables along the streets of Kirov, Gottwald, Ulyanov, Leningradskaya. Completely repaired 5 transformer substations with the replacement of equipment and building parts.

According to the plans for capital construction, reconstruction and modernization, in 2007 MUE "Podilskaya elektroset" performed work for a total of 14.6 million rubles: 0.9 km of cable lines were laid, 19 reinforced concrete poles were installed, 33 lamps were installed, 3 transformers were purchased . For a more accurate diagnosis of the state of cable networks, a mobile electrical laboratory was purchased.

At the expense of investors, work was carried out for a total of 70 million rubles: instead of morally and technically obsolete, a distribution point (DP) and a transformer substation (TP) were put into operation in the 3rd microdistrict, at the VZU "Touristichesky", two new DPs were included and six transformer substations, four feeder lines, 45 km of high-voltage cable lines and 11 km of low-voltage cable lines were laid in the village of Gulevo, Yuzhny microdistrict, Silikatnaya-2, etc.

In 2007, at the expense of investors and the company's own funds, 554 lamps were replaced with more economical ones, as well as SIP-2A wires, 6 km long. The overall economic effect amounted to 2.25 million rubles, which made it possible to allocate additional funds for repair work.

Illuminated st. Railway, Marble, Mashtakova, entrance to the city from the side of the express road along the street. Ordzhonikidze, railway bridge along Yunykh Lenintsev Avenue (over 270 lamps installed).

In 2007, MUP "Podilskaya elektroset" developed investment project for the development and reconstruction of electrical networks in the city of Podolsk.

The enterprise is implementing an automated system for commercial accounting of electricity, aimed at reducing electricity losses. In 2007, 73 electricity metering points were installed, the cost of the work amounted to 8 million rubles.

The system of housing and communal services in the city continues to improve. Reconstruction and modernization of housing and communal services is one of the main components of a comprehensive program for the development of the city.

In 2008, in the city of Podolsk, work continues on the overhaul, reconstruction and modernization of housing and communal services:

For heating facilities:

Reconstruction of existing coal-fired boiler houses: Youth Creativity House (P. Morozova, 69) and correctional school (P. Morozova, 20);

Modernization of heat exchange equipment for hot water supply in TsTP-3 at the address: Leningradskaya, 24-d;

Replacement of morally and technically obsolete boilers at boiler houses Komsomolskaya 59, Parkovaya 11, Kolkhoznaya;

The device of an autonomous source of power supply at the boiler house Gaidar, 11;

Commencement of construction of a reserve fuel facilities at the boiler house Gaidar, 11;

Reconstruction of gas pipelines at boiler houses: B. Ivanovskaya, Sosnovaya, Pharmacy warehouses;

Equipment with a gas pollution control system for boiler rooms: Pobedy, 4, Trubnaya, Aviators, Hood. travel, Kaluga;

Replacement of worn-out heating networks.

For water supply and sanitation facilities:

Reconstruction of water intake units: "Tourist" and "Central" with the construction of additional reservoirs of artesian water;

Reconstruction of the Gulyovo water pumping station;

Overhaul of the main water conduits: Desninsky VZU near the village of Laptevo, Mochinsky VZU near the village of Kutino and along the street. Komsomolskaya from st. Working to st. B. Zelenovskaya;

Reconstruction of treatment facilities in Podolsk, construction of mechanical treatment facilities, reconstruction of secondary sedimentation tanks of the biological treatment unit;

Overhaul of the Ivanovo sewer collector;

Laying of a pressure collector from KNS-1 to Paradnoy proezd;

Construction of a sewerage system in the microdistrict. "Gulyovo";

Replacement of worn-out water supply and sanitation networks.

For power supply facilities:

Repair of high-voltage and low-voltage cables of street lighting networks with the replacement of reinforced concrete poles and the installation of energy-saving lamps;

Repair of electrical equipment of transformer substations and distribution points;

Construction of new transformer substations to replace physically and morally obsolete ones;

Construction of new street lighting lines, reconstruction of existing ones;

Implementation of an automated system for commercial accounting of electricity, aimed at reducing electricity losses.

For housing stock:

Continuation of the elevator replacement program, it is planned to replace 101 elevators;

Repair of facades of buildings along the central streets of the city;

Repair of roofs on 30 residential buildings;

Repair of intra-house engineering communications at 18 residential buildings.

2.3. Analysis of the dynamics and structure of the housing stock of the municipality

The distribution of the housing stock by microdistricts is presented in Table 2.1 (according to the city administration).

Table 2.1

Housing stock of Podolsk

	Population (thousand people)	Municipal housing stock of houses (thousand sq. m.)	Territory area (ha)
Central (MZHRP-1)
Novo-Syrovo (MZHRP-2)
Shepchinki (MZHRP-3)
Zalineiny (MZHRP-4)
Interhighway (MZHRP-5)
Kutuzovo (MZHRP-9)
Zelenovsky (MZHRP-12)
Park (MZHRP-14)
Yubileiny-Fetishchevo (ZHPET-1)
Vysotny-Ivanovsky (ZHPET-2)

Table 2.2

Analysis of the housing stock by year of commissioning

The percentage of depreciation for residential buildings is:

depreciation up to 30% - 1316 houses (44%);
depreciation from 30% to 40% - 578 houses (19.3%);
depreciation from 40% to 50% - 335 houses (11.2%);
depreciation from 50% to 65%, 307 houses (10.3%);
depreciation over 65%, 452 houses (15.2%).

2.4. Analysis of the state of the engineering infrastructure of the municipality

Most of the city's housing stock is provided with all types of utilities (Fig. 2.1).

Figure 2.1. Availability of types of public services

A number of existing main and distribution heat supply networks are in an unsatisfactory condition (the insulation of heat pipelines is often of poor quality, which leads to heat loss, there are no or no drainages, which leads to corrosion of pipelines, etc.).

Rain sewerage is not available in all areas and streets of the city.

The main task of the engineering infrastructure sections master plan is the development of a set of measures to resolve the above problems and develop the engineering infrastructure of the urban economy in line with the priority areas of sustainable development of the city.

In connection with the expiration of the "Schemes" developed by specialized organizations for the types of engineering support, it is necessary to correct them or develop new ones in conjunction with the decisions of the master plan.

After the approval of the master plan, a "Program for streamlining the engineering infrastructure of the city" should be developed. In such a program, on the basis of a comprehensive assessment of all design developments and engineering activities planned in them, the best option for a design solution can be selected, aimed at achieving a dual goal:

maintaining and improving existing environmental performance projected territories;
ensuring the comfort of the living conditions of the population.

2.5. Analysis of financial relationships in the system of municipal government

Different parts of the urban housing and communal and social infrastructure are financed from various sources. Thus, for water supply and sewerage services, as well as urban telephone networks, payments are made at fixed rates by both the population and organizations. Payments for waste disposal are received according to the established calculations from legal entities, and are also included in the rent of individuals. The latter also pay for urban transport services according to the established tariffs. As a rule, these financial flows are only enough for periodic maintenance and overhaul, and they are practically not used to carry out the much-needed comprehensive modernization and radical renewal of the technical base of the housing and communal services.

2.6. Analysis of the quality of provided housing and communal services

We conducted a survey among residents of the city of Podolsk, to what extent they are satisfied with the quality of housing and communal services; how often they have to deal with interruptions in water, electricity, gas and how quickly these interruptions are eliminated.

The share of those dissatisfied with the quality of services was 43%, and the share of those who are satisfied with these services was 52%.

According to respondents, the most prosperous sector of housing and communal services is gas supply: the majority of respondents (68%) note that there are no interruptions in gas supply at all; Rarely, 1-2 times a year, 14% of respondents face problems in this area, almost every month - 3%, more often - 1%.

Things are much worse with regard to electricity supply: 39% of respondents say that there are no interruptions; about the same number, 38%, experience interruptions 1-2 times a year; 16% - almost every month, 5% - more often.

The most problematic area is water supply: only 28% of respondents did not encounter water interruptions, 38% experience difficulties 1-2 times a year, 19% - almost every month, 10% - more often.

Of the problems in the housing and communal sector, power outages are most quickly eliminated: 88% of those who had to deal with such problems note that it takes no more than a day to eliminate them. Interruptions in gas supply in such a short time are eliminated in the homes of a slightly smaller proportion of the victims - 80%. Most of the time is taken up by the elimination of problems with water supply: interruptions in water are eliminated in a day or less in the homes of 65% of those surveyed who have encountered these problems. Accordingly, more than one day problems with electricity are eliminated in 12% of cases, with gas - in 20%, with water - in 36% of cases.

conclusions

So, the engineering structure of the city of Podolsk needs to be modernized. The housing stock of the city, which is quite worn out, also requires investments. It is required to attract investments in the housing and communal sector of the city to improve the efficiency of works and services of housing and communal services. It is also necessary to introduce additional benefits in the form of subsidies for utility bills.

Section 3. Design part

3.1. Development of measures to attract investment in the housing and communal services of the municipality

The task, today, is to attract credit financing for the modernization and replacement of worn-out elements of housing and communal services on terms acceptable to the borrower. Since the payback period of urban infrastructure is 3-5 years, the relevant structures need long-term credit resources for the same period.

Project implementation stages

Structuring the underlying asset

At the stage of structuring the underlying asset, the following main tasks are performed:

The city of Podolsk is preparing an estimate for the modernization of urban infrastructure, including a feasibility study and an analysis of the payback period of the project, taking into account the expected receipts of utility bills. The estimate and feasibility study are checked by independent experts.
The city of Podolsk must obtain a proposal from equipment suppliers and installation and commissioning contractors (the contracts themselves are concluded after receiving funding).
On the basis of the feasibility study, the necessary increase in the tariff for servicing interest and payments of the principal on attracted debt financing is calculated.
The city administration decides on the implementation of the program for the modernization of housing and communal services or its individual components, determines the sources of funding, legislatively introduces (if necessary) changes in the size of tariffs and payments, and establishes the amount and procedure for crediting the targeted fee for modernization.

To do this, it is now necessary to develop a new model of tariff regulation (Regulatory Asset Base - a regulated base of employed capital), based on the return on investment.

The current system of tariff regulation does not allow creating mechanisms that are obvious to the investor for long-term investment in housing and communal services.

The essence of the method is to compensate the cost of attracted and equity capital in the tariff set by the state.

The infrastructure investor company raises capital on the stock market and invests it in accordance with the investment program agreed with the regulator. The capital service fee is included in the regulated gross proceeds of the monopoly. The return on capital employed (both equity and debt) is included in the tariff at the rate set by the regulators.

The system provides for economic responsibility for achieving the specified parameters of reliability and quality of service. This will attract modern technologies to the industry and ensure the real responsibility of the service provider to consumers.

The RAB method can only be applied under certain conditions. An enterprise providing housing and communal services must be corporatized (at present, most of them are in the form of a municipality), and have a financial recovery plan that will allow them to become profitable during the regulatory period.

3.2. Development of measures to improve the mechanism of social protection, the provision of benefits, subsidies

The amount of the housing subsidy for all categories of recipients (tenants, owners, members of housing cooperatives) should depend on the size of the total family income and be calculated as full compensation for the difference between the amount of payment established in the city of Podolsk for tenants of residential premises under a social rental agreement within social norm area of housing and utility consumption standards and the maximum allowable amount of a family's own expenses for housing and communal services, determined on the basis of the established maximum allowable share of these expenses in the total family income.

It is planned to improve the principle of calculating housing subsidies by moving to calculation on one basis, which will ensure a strict dependence of the amount of housing subsidies provided on the size of the total family income.

It is planned to improve the methodology for calculating the total family income taken into account when determining the amount of housing subsidies. The total family income should include the cash equivalents of all benefits and social benefits received by members of this family, as well as conditional income from the ownership of certain types of property.

As a result of the transition from subsidies to producers of housing and communal services and the provision of benefits for paying for these services to certain categories of citizens to a system of targeted subsidies for paying for housing and utilities, depending on the total family income on the basis of the declarative principle, new requirements arise for the mechanism of interbudgetary relations.

With the transition to full payment of the cost of housing and communal services by consumers, targeted housing subsidies become the main form of budgetary funds allocated to ensure the availability of housing and communal services. The amount of budgetary funds distributed in the form of housing subsidies will increase by more than 10 times (in comparable prices).

Direct linkage of the size of target transfers from the federal budget with an assessment of the needs of a subject of the Russian Federation in funds intended for the provision of housing subsidies fundamentally changes the requirements for the quality of forecasting the need for housing subsidies.

The ultimate goal is to create a system of personalized social accounts of citizens, to which funds will be transferred, provided for all types of targeted social assistance the state, including compensation for benefits for payment of housing and communal services and housing subsidies.

3.3. Development of measures to develop competition in the housing and communal services market

Overcoming the negative consequences of the monopoly of housing maintenance enterprises is possible only through the development of market competitive relations, the elements of which are:

Competition for the right to perform work;

An agreement that defines the conditions for their implementation and a publicly available mechanism for monitoring the performance of work.

At the same time, for the development of real competition in the housing and communal sector, it is necessary to attract organizations of various forms of ownership for its implementation on a competitive basis. According to the legal form, it can be both legal entities and individual entrepreneurs. The involvement of these organizations will create additional jobs for the population and an additional taxable base for the municipal budget.

At the same time, for even greater development of competition, it is necessary to intensify the process of creating small enterprises in the housing and communal sector in the following areas:

creation of small enterprises with a narrow specialization,
splitting multi-profile municipal unitary enterprises into specialized ones in order to differentiate the services they provide in terms of the possibilities of their competitive provision.

The process of reforming the housing and communal services assumes that this sector of the economy will become active over time, and for the industry it will be the norm for the competition of firms producing the same product or service. Profit will encourage businesses to develop their strategies to create competitive relationships where one or more of the following can be the central focus of competition:

New or improved product, extended list of products;

Technical innovations, application of new less expensive methods of production and provision of services;

Service, styles, warranties, customer incentives, savings on purchase costs, amenities, etc.

Speaking about the prospects for the development of competition in the housing and communal services, one can also talk about alternative ways (forms) of obtaining services (Table 3.1).

Table 3.1

Alternative ways (forms) of obtaining housing and communal services

	Alternative to standard housing and communal services
Central cold water supply	Delivery of drinking water, development of own wells (as a rule, in a suburban area, in the absence of a central water supply). Hot water supply is achieved through the use of autonomous water heaters, both with central heating and in the presence of wells.
District heating	Autonomous boiler rooms
Central drainage	Partially the use of cesspools in the private sector, the use of dry closets.
Central gas supply	The use of electric stoves instead of gas stoves, the use of boilers for heating on other alternative fuels.
Landline telephone	cellular
Intercom in MKD	The usual lock and the involvement of a watchman (the set of its functions is different)
Management of MKD with the involvement of the Managing Organization	Management of MKD through the creation of an HOA. The Housing Code of the Russian Federation provides for the management of its property independently, including the maintenance common property in MKD.

Thus, one of the main tasks of the regulatory authorities during the reform and creation of competition in the housing and communal services sector is to ensure market prices in the housing and communal services market and the ability of consumers to choose services in terms of price and quality.

With an increase in the level of payment, the formation of new needs among the population (consumers of services) and the emergence of a new, qualitatively different level of market relations, consumers will gradually have a significant impact on the state of competition forces in the industry. This is due to the fact that each consumer, commensurate with their needs and capabilities, will demand from the supplier of housing and communal services of the appropriate quality and level of service. Under these requirements, service providers will have to "adapt", i.e. choose a specific business strategy and ways to survive in an increasingly competitive environment.

The economic potential of suppliers in this industry is the most significant among utility companies. These enterprises are mostly local monopolies within the municipality and should be regulated government bodies in terms of prices and quality of the services and products offered.

The emergence of new entities in the service market depends on two factors:

Administrative barriers for new companies to enter this service market, the manifestation of which (barriers) is expressed in the form of an unofficial policy of municipalities that allow or restrict the ability of third-party firms to provide housing and communal services to the population;

- the "response" reaction of firms already existing in this market to the emergence of competitors.

It is most probable that enterprises of related industries will enter the housing service market. First of all, this construction firms having rich experience in repair and construction works, modern technical means and methods of organization and management. Construction and housing services are very similar business areas - similar clientele, suppliers, as well as the possibility of using common production facilities. All these circumstances can make enterprises that operated until recently in the service market uncompetitive.

Already now, one can note a number of missed opportunities to make a profit from the provision of additional services to the population, such as glazing services for balconies, installation of steel entrance and apartment doors, grilles, intercoms and combination locks, which are provided by third-party organizations, while municipal enterprises do not use this competitive advantage.

The decisive factor in the reform of housing and communal services is the task of increasing competition in this sector by creating new market participants - small and medium-sized businesses that manage housing, urban infrastructure and thereby ensure an improvement in the quality of service.

The new system of economic relations in housing and communal services involves a fundamental change in both the functions of its participants and the mechanisms of their interaction and organization of financial flows.

Features of the competitive environment of the enterprise are determined by the type of competition in the market under consideration, and they should be taken into account when developing an assessment of the competitiveness of the enterprise.

The modern market in the field of management and maintenance of the housing stock is quite young for Russia, since until recently it was a monopoly. Currently, the situation has begun to change due to the following factors:

The presence in the market of many firms producing similar goods and services;

The impact on prices is limited to substitution;

Goods and services are differentiated for market segments;

The opportunity for owners to independently determine both the method of managing the house and the conditions for the provision (rendering) of services to them.

It should be noted that the division of the housing and communal services market into monopoly, potentially competitive and competitive zones is rather conditional and largely depends on the historical structure of the location of housing and communal services enterprises and the housing stock, the presence in the municipality industrial enterprises and industries capable of producing services similar to housing and communal services, etc.

Monopoly market zones are characterized by the impossibility or lack of desire to organize alternative production.

In the housing and communal services market, there are several forces that have the ability to change market conditions:

Fast or slow growth of long-term demand;

Changes in the composition of consumers;

innovation;

Transition to self-financing;

The emergence of consumer preferences for a differentiated choice of housing and communal services;

Change and regulation of state housing policy.

Section 4. Economic part. Calculation of costs for events. Calculation of changes in key indicators from the implementation of the proposed measures

4.1. Calculation of costs and effectiveness of the event to attract investment in the housing and communal services of the municipality

Cost and terms of implementation

The total cost of launching an investment attraction program in the city is $210,000, which consists of the following expenses (Table 4.1:

Subject to the timely and complete provision of information by the issuer and the Russian underwriter, the launch of the program can be carried out within 4-6 months.

This event will make it possible to obtain an effect in the form of cash injections of investors into the budget of the city of Podolsk for the needs of housing and communal services.

4.2. Financing and effect of measures to improve the mechanism of social protection, provision of benefits, subsidies

Financing the costs of providing subsidies when the population pays for housing and communal services (Table 4.2).

Table 4.2

Sources of financing

Sources of coverage of costs associated with the provision of housing subsidies, as well as established by law Russian Federation benefits will be, basically, the budget of Podolsk.

Financing the costs of ensuring social protection of the population when paying for housing and utilities and to ensure the sustainable operation of the housing and communal complex of the city of Podolsk (rubles).

Calculate the economic effect of the implementation of this measure.

Table 4

Economic effect from the implementation of the measure, thousand rubles.

Types of funds directed to social protection when paying for housing and utilities and to ensure the sustainable operation of the housing and communal complex
The amount of budget funds - total
including:
housing subsidies
provision of benefits (except for military personnel and equivalent categories of citizens)
provision of benefits to military personnel and equivalent categories of citizens
budget subsidies to enterprises of housing and communal services
costs covered by cross-subsidization of tariffs and expenses of enterprises and organizations for the maintenance of public housing stock
Savings of budgetary funds from the reform of the housing and communal complex

So, the effect of the implementation of the measure can be 423.2 thousand rubles.

4.3. Economic effect from the introduction of measures to develop competition in the housing and communal services market

The main sections of the Plan of priority measures to create conditions for the development of entrepreneurship in the housing and communal services of the city of Podolsk for 2009-2013 are presented in table 4.3.

Table 4.3

Event funding

Main activities	Financing volume, million rubles
Legal support for the development of small business in the housing and communal services of the city of Podolsk
Organizational support for the development of small business in the housing and communal services of the city
Economic support for the development of small business in the housing and communal services of the city
Infrastructure support for the development of small business in the housing and communal services of the city
Educational and methodological support for the development of small business in the housing and communal services of the city
TOTAL (5 years)

The expected socio-economic effect is presented in Table 4.4.

Table 4.4

The effect of the implementation of the event

Creation of competitive relations in the field of housing and communal services through the wide participation of small enterprises in the provision of housing and communal services in the main, priority areas:

the use of resource-saving technologies, including through the creation and development of small (local) energy in order to reduce the cost of building and operating housing and other facilities;

solving problems in the field of ecology, including the collection and processing of secondary raw materials;

multiservice social services for city residents.

Expected

results

Creation of a civilized market for housing, communal and environmental services based on the training of entrepreneurs and the effective use of the potential of existing and newly created small enterprises.

Annual income to the budget

180 million rubles

So, the effect of the implementation of the event will be 180 million rubles. annual income to the city budget.

Conclusion

In the course of writing the course projects, the following conclusions were made.

A significant part of the housing stock of the city of Podolsk - 1175 houses (35% of the total) was put into operation from 1941-1959, and only 270 houses (8%) - later than 1990.

One third of the area of the housing stock requires major repairs. Basically, these are houses built in 1940 - 1960.

370 - 400 million rubles are required annually to carry out a comprehensive overhaul and maintain the city's housing stock in good condition.

As a result of the analysis of the state of the housing and communal complex, the following problems were identified:

High degree of depreciation of engineering infrastructure. On 01.01.08 water supply networks with a length of 447 km or 80% of the total need to be replaced; street sewer networks 61 km - or 70% of the total; thermal networks - 43% (227.6 km).
Insufficient amount of capital and current repairs of engineering infrastructure. So, in 2006, 4.7 km of heating networks were repaired, which is 0.9% of their total value, water supply networks - 10.4 km, which is 1.9% of their total value, sewer networks - 0.1 km (0.1%).
An increase in housing maintenance costs due to its aging.
Insufficient competition in the housing services market among management companies, which leads to a decrease in their quality of housing services.
The difficulty of attracting management companies to service a fund with a high level of depreciation, requiring significant maintenance costs.
Low awareness of the population about the progress of the housing and communal reform and, accordingly, the passivity of the population in matters of housing stock management.
The complexity of procedures and the high cost of forming partnerships.
Flaw professional personnel housing management.

At the same time, there are a number of problems in the engineering economy of the city, the solution of which can significantly improve and increase the efficiency of the engineering infrastructure of the city. The water supply system of the city operates in conditions of a significant shortage of capacities of the main structures, which requires an increase in their productivity.

To improve the housing and communal services system in the city of Podolsk, practical measures, which, if implemented, should improve the state of housing and communal services in the city.

Literature

Aksenov P.N. Improving the management system for the development of housing and communal services in Moscow in the context of the transition to market methods of management. M .: "South - East - service", 2003.
Vasilyeva N.V. Managing the development of housing and communal services in the new legal conditions. Teaching aid. M.: FGNU "Russian Scientific Center for State and Municipal Administration", 2005.
Kameneva E.A., Barulin S.V. Finance of housing and communal services. M.: Os, 2003.
Ryakhovskaya A.N., Tagi-zade F.G. Market methods of housing and communal services management (issues crisis management). M.: FGNU "Russian Scientific Center for State and Municipal Administration", 2004.
The system of municipal government: Textbook for universities. 4th ed. (corrected and enlarged) Under the editorship of V. B. Zotov. Peter, St. Petersburg 2008.
Chernyshov L.N. Management of housing and communal services of Russia. M. MGSU, 2003.

It might be useful to read:

Improving the management of municipal utilities. Improving the management system of the housing and communal complex of the municipality on the example of the municipal enterprise of housing and communal services of the Bolshebukorsky village

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Section 1. Theoretical part

1.1. Content, tasks and features of the housing and communal services of the municipality

1.2. The main directions for improving the management of housing and communal services of the municipality

Section 2. Analytical part

2.1. Socio-economic characteristics of the municipality

2.2. Analysis of the management of housing and communal services of the municipality

2.3. Analysis of the dynamics and structure of the housing stock of the municipality

2.4. Analysis of the state of the engineering infrastructure of the municipality

2.5. Analysis of financial relationships in the system of municipal government

2.6. Analysis of the quality of provided housing and communal services

Section 3. Design part

3.1. Development of measures to attract investment in the housing and communal services of the municipality

3.2. Development of measures to improve the mechanism of social protection, the provision of benefits, subsidies

3.3. Development of measures to develop competition in the housing and communal services market

Section 4. Economic part. Calculation of costs for events. Calculation of changes in key indicators from the implementation of the proposed measures

4.1. Calculation of costs and effectiveness of the event to attract investment in the housing and communal services of the municipality

4.2. Financing and effect of measures to improve the mechanism of social protection, provision of benefits, subsidies

4.3. Economic effect from the introduction of measures to develop competition in the housing and communal services market