New professions at the end of 20. Professions that have appeared recently - an overview. Innovations in universities

“In the near future, the success of a citizen will be measured not by sharpness of mind, remarkable strength or high speed. Climb up the career ladder only those who quickly orient themselves and adapt to the fleeting conditions of the environment, grow and are not afraid of change, can do it.”

Economist Kjell Nordström

The inexorable development of technological progress, the ongoing scientific revolution, the processes of globalization and the integral absorption of the world by computer systems bring society to the highest level of development. There are new professions that people of the past era could not even dream of. The specificity of innovations affects the growth of the list of specialties. What professions will be relevant in a few years? What are the most amazing specializations of our time? Answers to the most topical issues collected in the article.

What new professions have appeared in recent years: briefly about the main

The past years were marked by the creation of stereotypes about prestigious and sought-after professions. A kind of national rating is headed by lawyers, programmers, managers of various levels, marketing specialists, and journalists. The modern employment market can no longer satisfy all aspirations and provide the required number of suitable vacancies (). Researchers authoritatively declare the reorientation of needs from economic to technical, and already after 5 years professional areas of training will change dramatically.

New professions include:

advanced IT-sphere (testers, electronic data security specialists);
specialists in installation, maintenance, repair of universal robots;
product designer for 3d printers and virtual reality objects;
engineers in the field of nanotechnologies and biotechnologies;
bloggers and;
Internet coach and online seller;
Event manager;
headhunter - "bounty hunter", an intermediary between the employer and the potential employee;
the declarant is a specialist in the customs field;
underwriter - provides insurance services.

What professions will be in demand in the near future: determining factors

Research by specialists allows us to highlight the main areas due to which the list of professions will expand significantly in the future. Operational improvement has a significant impact information technologies. Owing to the fact that modern business almost completely gone to the Internet, money transactions, staff selection, promotion of services takes place on the World Wide Web. So office workers the new generation should know all the tools and nuances of such work.

The second important factor is cross-functionality or the combination of several positions. Jobs that will be in demand in the future, imply work "at the intersection of specialties" (knowledge in related fields).

Other important features include mobility, an increase in the number of freelancers, an urgent need for "universal soldiers". Based on these trends, it can be argued that after 10 years many branches of labor will be radically reformatted.

New and promising professions of the future: a generalized list

Engineering specialties are in the first place. In the future, a combination of technical, economic and legal knowledge, as well as knowledge of languages, will be highly valued. Examples of professions - marketing engineer, heavy industry manager.

TOP 8 professions of the near future

Developers of complex hardware. The position of a programmer reaches a new level and transforms into an IT specialist.
Nanotechnology– study of the structure of atoms and molecules, cloning, production of robots, engineering of atoms. This is the most important profession in the future, because according to forecasts, nanotechnology will cover all areas of work. If a country succeeds in this field, it will certainly become a world leader.
Biotechnologists– creation of genetically modified products, medicines, design of working biochips.
Permanent Marketing experts predict that in 20 years there will be a glut of goods and services in the market. The task of a specialist is to develop effective business plans for the successful promotion of services.
Service sector- professions that cannot be entrusted to robots. Dry cleaning and hairdressing, Kindergarten and school - staffing facilities social sphere will remain the same.
Logistics- management of material and information flows in the process of selling goods.
Ecologists- one of the most important professions due to global environmental problems.
Works in the field of chemistry means restocking natural resources, production of artificial substitutes. Less than after 50 years oil reserves will run out, and humanity will be on the verge of death. Today the professionals of the region are called upon to invent sources of alternative energy.

Among the professions, the demand for which is decreasing every day, there are bank employees and road inspectors, conductors and seamstresses, concierges and janitors, miners and builders. This phenomenon is explained by the fact that such a similar, routine and dangerous work you can safely trust reliable robots. They will work without breaks and weekends, without sick leave and absenteeism, occasionally stopping for a scheduled inspection.

Follow the trends of the times and stay up to date with the latest employment market news - perhaps your calling lies in the development of innovative communication tools. American scientists have come to the conclusion that "white collars" (office workers) will be able to change up to 30 professions in their lifetime. Development is a sign of a sharp mind and self-esteem. Keep up with the times!

Each century in the history of mankind is marked by new opportunities and discoveries in different spheres of human life. Stepping on the threshold of the 21st century, we all felt the breath of the new time with its rapid development the latest technologies, global computerization, important medical discoveries.

On the Russian labor market today

At the same time, people are facing massive environmental and psychological problems that require urgent action and effective solutions. In this regard, there was a need all over the world for specialists that no one had heard of a few years ago, and if they were discussed, then only in a very distant future as something fantastic and unlikely. In this article, you will learn about newest professions 21st century, and you will also be surprised what promising professions of the future will be in demand all over the world very soon.

Among the new professions of the 21st century, of course, the sphere of information business deserves attention as one of the most promising. With the global development of Internet technologies, high-quality information has become an expensive pleasure. Now we can say with confidence that it has become more valuable than money. If you are a skilled user personal computer If you have a good command of printing skills and basic computer programs, then today you can try your hand at making money online.

The great advantage of such work is complete freedom of movement, no matter where you are today, in Russia or abroad, if you have a laptop with you. Moreover, this work is only for yourself, and earnings depend on the specific order completed. So, first, let's discuss new actual professions that emerged on the Internet of the 21st century, making their top list.

But if you do not want to “hang” at the computer, but want to directly interact with other people, then what new professions can the labor market of the 21st century in Russia offer?

Event Manager . This is a specialist who is engaged in the full organization of various holidays, corporate parties for individuals or groups of people to order. What exactly is the responsibilities of this specialist, and what skills should he have?

Developed and aesthetic taste;
: communication skills are extremely important to find an individual approach to completely different people;
Ability to negotiate and conclude contracts;
Find the necessary objects and venues for events, participants in the action;
Be able to develop, as well as have ready-made holiday programs available.

Media Planner. This is a specialist who plans advertising company organization for its successful promotion in the market. It evaluates the effectiveness of various media and distributes advertising budget. This position exists in all advertising agencies or departments big companies. Specialists of this level in Russia of the 21st century began to be trained at the journalism department of Moscow State University. So what features should a qualified media planner have?

Possess extensive knowledge of sociology and marketing;
Knowledge computer programs Integrum, Pal Marceting;
Ability to analyze the advertising market;
Experience in the advertising business.

Head hunter. In direct translation from English, this specialty sounds like "bounty hunter". This person is an intermediary between the employer and the employee. You can compare this work with the work of a recruiter who is engaged in the selection of a suitable specialist from a multitude of applicants, but a head hunter works with a specific professional in order to influence his choice of a job, luring a qualified specialist into the right company. What should be a "cool" head hunter?

Thoughtful image;
Developed communication and listening skills;
Organizational talent;
Ability to analyze the modern labor market.

Life coach. This is a person who teaches other people the skills of efficiency in different areas of life. He is a coach, a personal mentor who helps to move on the path personal development. The client puts a specific request, for example, to learn how to effectively close deals, and the coach helps to form the necessary communication skills and business qualities for this. The requirements for such a specialist are quite high:

Desirable psychological education or the passage of special training trainings;
Personal experience of participation in various groups of personal development;
Specific knowledge in the area in which the client works;
The ability not only to develop the necessary skill in a client, but also to holistically influence a person in order to change her life for the better.

This list can be supplemented by a number of other equally important and in-demand professions of the 21st century in Russia and around the world:

Trader - organizer of foreign and domestic trade;
Realtor - real estate specialist;
Underwriter - an insurance specialist;
PR manager - a specialist involved in the development of the image of the organization;
Back office specialist - deals with the preparation of company documentation;
Promoter - a specialist in the promotion of a product or service;
Merchandiser - promotes products; Marketer - studies and forms the demand for services and goods;
Declarant - customs specialist;
Interviewer - conducts sociological surveys and social research;
SEO-specialist - is engaged in the promotion of sites on the World Wide Web.

It's good that we live in a time when it is possible without visiting a stuffy office every day!

Get ready for 2030

In the coming years, our world will undergo significant changes that will affect all areas of human activity in the 21st century. British researchers have proposed in-demand professions that will appear in the near future. According to their calculations, By 2030, the following professions will be a reality:

Specialist in the creation of artificial organs;
Farmers using genetic technologies;
Space architects and pilots;
Climate Change Specialist;
Specialists in the development of alternative transport;
Psychologists and social workers in social networks;
Information recycling specialists;
A surgeon who specializes in memory enhancement;
Scientific ethicist;
Consultant for the elderly;
Quarantine Specialist;
Time bank brokers.

We have already written about what the world may expect in the next 10-15 years, when self-driving cars become a reality, 3-D printing develops and the cost of solar energy production decreases. And that all this will lead to the fact that 70-80% of current jobs will disappear in the next 20 years.

Of course, these are only forecasts, but they are supported by quite real historical examples. Here are just a few professions that were very popular in the last century and disappeared without a trace thanks to the triumph of the industrial revolution.

Disappeared professions of the last century

1. Coachman

“The horse was, is, and will be, but the car is just a fashionable fad,” so in 1903 the president of the Michigan Savings Bank tried to dissuade lawyer Horace Rackam from investing in Henry Ford's enterprise.

Then the vast majority of the population agreed with him, and certainly the coachmen themselves refused to believe that their profession could disappear almost overnight due to the spread of cars, and later - public transport.

Together with the coachmen, coachmen also disappeared - this profession has flourished in Russia since the 17th century. The coachmen were on public service, lived in special "pit" settlements and received money and gunpowder salaries from the treasury. They delivered mail, government cargo, transported officials and generally played important role in the country's economy before the spread of rail transport.

2. Kolesnik

The charioteers were also out of work - craftsmen who made wheels, carts and carriages, as well as repairing those that had gone into the past Vehicle. Now only surnames and names of villages remind of this profession.

3. Telephone operator

The invention of automatic telephone exchanges first threatened, and then completely destroyed the profession of a telephone operator.

The representatives of this profession were mostly girls. Telephone operators sat at a special board, switching and connecting telephone lines with each other. The work was quite nervous - according to the standards, only eight seconds were allotted for connection in manual mode, the call could fail. Telephone operators worked manually until the 1980s - this system continued to be used for international calls.

4. Ice Maker

The refrigerator, which appeared in the 40s of the twentieth century, caused the disappearance of another interesting profession- ice maker

It is now impossible to imagine life without a refrigerator, and less than a century ago, food was stored in special cabinets with ice - glaciers (it’s even scary to imagine how people survived in the summer). Procurers cut blocks of ice from frozen lakes and rivers and took them home.

5. Alarm clock man

The profession of a person-alarm clock (in English it was called knocker-up, which would be more correct to translate as “a person who wakes up by knocking”) existed in England and Ireland during the industrial revolution. The job of wake-up snitches was to wake up the workers before their shift. In order to reach the windows of the second floors, they used long and light bamboo sticks. "Alarm Clocks" received a few pence a week, and this part-time job was great for women and the elderly who could not work in the factory. The profession went down in history only in the 20s of the last century.

6. Reader at the factory

Another interesting product of the industrial revolution is the reader or lecturer, as he was sometimes called. This is not about education and not scientific reports in lecture halls. The readers entertained the workers right on time. production process because the work in the factories was very dull and monotonous. Often the readers were hired by the workers themselves, collecting money on their own to pay for their work. Usually, newspapers or entertaining texts were read to the workers, but at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, agitators began to actively use readers - instead of newspapers, left-wing political manifestos appeared in the hands of lecturers. Of course, the factory owners did not like this, and in the 1920s, readers were replaced by radio in most countries.

But on the Island of Freedom, readers still exist. Last year, the people of Cuba officially celebrated the 150th anniversary of the profession of "reader at the tobacco factory", which, as they say, originated on December 21, 1865. In connection with round date the Cuban government even approached UNESCO with a proposal to include this profession on the World Intangible Cultural Heritage List.

Currently in Cuba, more than 300 people work as professional readers in tobacco factories - all of them are government employees. They devote only 90 minutes a day to reading texts, and the rest of the working day is devoted to preparing materials for the next reading and discussing what they read with the workers.

7. Calculator

Before the invention of the computer, there was a profession of a calculator. The calculators made long and tedious calculations by hand and worked in teams. Each member of the team did his part of the work, so the work in the team went in parallel.

The work of calculators on the "Manhattan Project" (the code name for the US nuclear weapons program) was very important during World War II. It was performed by six female calculators. After the end of the war, calculators worked for NASA on projects related to flight. In the future, the need for this profession disappeared due to the development of computers.

8. Typist

Another popular female profession that is a thing of the past with the advent of computers is a typist, that is, a typesetter on typewriter. Of course, the specialty "computer typesetter" appeared, but the popularity of these professions is incomparable - the copy function has changed the world of text creators.

And since the conversation turned to information carriers, why not recall another profession that has sunk into oblivion - the scribe, which disappeared with the advent of printing. The scribe professionally rewrote books and documents by hand. Historically, scribes did business large landowners, kings, kept a chronicle at temples and cities, and also rewrote various significant texts, including chronicles and scriptures.

9. Lamplighter

Before the invention of electric lamps, large cities were lit by candle or gas lamps, which were lit by lamplighters. They used long ladders to climb the lantern, and set it on fire with matches or oil lamps. Their functions included: lighting and extinguishing lanterns, filling tanks with flammable liquid and repairing lanterns.

The profession partially disappeared with the advent of gas lamps, which were automatically lit at a certain time, without human intervention. The advent of electricity finally put an end to it, but completely new professions appeared - network engineers and electricians.

10 Radar Man

It's hard to imagine, but before the invention of radars, human radars performed their functions manually, using acoustic mirrors and listening devices to detect the sound of the engines of approaching aircraft. In the first half of the last century, the profession was considered very popular. But they had one significant drawback: they picked up frequencies aircraft flying at low speed, and also could not distinguish a military vehicle from a civilian one.

11. Barge haulers

The appearance of steamboats contributed to the disappearance of the profession of barge haulers. Barge haulers were hired workers in Russia of the 16th-early 20th centuries, who, walking along the shore, pulled with the help of a tow river boats against the stream. The work was seasonal: boats were pulled in spring and autumn. The work of barge haulers was very hard and monotonous. The speed of movement depended on the strength of the wind.

In the Russian Empire, the city of Rybinsk was called the "capital of barge haulers" from the beginning of the 19th century. During the summer navigation, a quarter of all Russian burlachstvo passed through it.

12. Alloyer

It was not easy for the timber raftsmen either, because they performed the functions of today's trucks, collecting logs and delivering them for processing. Previously, the process of transporting timber looked like this: in winter, cut down trees were piled on the frozen surface of the river, in spring the ice melted and the logs began to float downstream. Strong and strong men walked along the shore with long sticks, guiding logs and removing various obstacles from their path. The profession disappeared at the beginning of the 20th century, with the spread railway and the advent of portable sawmills.

13. Water carrier and water carrier

Before the advent of centralized water supply, water was delivered to homes by water carriers. They collected water from the spring, poured it into containers and carried it or carried it home.

The invention of plumbing did not immediately destroy the profession. In St. Petersburg in the middle of the 19th century, there were 37 water pumps; From them, water carriers carried water in buckets around the city. Because without water, as you know, "not there and not here." Only in the 20th century did this profession finally disappear in Europe.

so

Should we be afraid of the coming total unemployment? For some reason, we don't think so.

Judge for yourself. The eight-hour day was introduced in the 19th century, during the industrial revolution in England - before that, factory workers worked 14-16 hours a day. More than 100 years have passed, technology has developed and workers in all industries have gained the ability to do much more work in a short period of time. It would be logical to expect that this would lead to a shortening of the workday. And the invention of the computer in general should have left half the planet without work.

But this has not happened yet - work, or rather "employment", is becoming more and more, and time is getting less. This means that some other mechanisms are at work here - “general employment” is beneficial to everyone. But this is a completely different conversation.

The choice of a profession is a question that everyone faces. From early childhood, a person tries to understand what place he will occupy in adulthood. Someone sincerely believed in the career of a firefighter, someone wanted to become a ballet actor, and some dreamed of selling sweets to children. Unfortunately or fortunately, not all children's wishes come true. With age comes understanding: the ideal profession is not only a favorite, but also a demanded business. Current schoolchildren and applicants must anticipate changes in the labor market. In this regard, you should deal with the list of professions in demand in 2020-2025. It should be capacious and justified - then it will be possible to use the freedom of choice.

What was relevant before

The first professions appeared before the rise of civilization. Then among the ancient people had a clear, concrete character. The task of the man was to ensure the safety of the "home", women and children. He also had to provide the tribe with food. Women, on the other hand, raised children and made sure that the fire in the family hearth always warmed the household. The redistribution of responsibilities appeared when humanity began to change their usual way of life. Nomadic tribes became sedentary, development began Agriculture. There was such a profession as a farmer.

The hard physical labor with which people cultivated the land prompted society to invent more convenient devices. There was a craft. Over time, the specialties of potters and blacksmiths were born - these were professions associated with the future. Dynasties of masters constantly improved their skills, which triggered progress. Eventually, this led to the fact that there are currently about forty thousand different professions.

Emergence of a narrow specialization

Already in the twentieth century, there was an urgent need for a division of labor. If earlier "jacks of all trades" were indispensable and in great demand, then in the conditions of congestion in the labor market and a constant increase in demand for goods, narrow specialists were needed. The first to understand this was Henry Ford, who divided the production of cars into conditional workshops. In each of them, a separate part of the general mechanism was produced. People worked where they were more successful. The result was an increase in output finished products several times. Ford's example was adopted by other major manufacturers, and now every enterprise uses the assembly line method.

How was the progress

In industrial Russia, throughout the twentieth century, traditional factory workers were popular, they received a good salary, and young people, wanting to be useful, went to work with pleasure. large enterprises. However, after the collapse Soviet Union many factories lost their stability. started new era in the labor market - the development of the service sector. Construction developed no less actively - large cities were built up with high-rise buildings. Thus, at the beginning of the zero new, promising professions became the profession of a builder, bricklayer, plasterer, as well as managers, waiters, specialists in the field of restaurant and tourism business and other service workers.

In 2007, society was increasingly wondering what professions would be in demand in 10 years. Applicants understood that the whole subsequent life depends on their choice. Then the ratings of the professions of the future were full of sales managers, marketers, customer service specialists, IT engineers, lawyers, economists and some others. This suggests that at that time the service sector continued to develop and the demand for qualified specialists was constantly increasing. But even then the trend of development in the field of scientific research began.

Scientific development today

Now scientific research is given a decisive place. The future development of the country and society depends entirely on the daily achievements of scientists. Features of scientific development are that there is a clear division of science into several independent disciplines. This makes it possible to address relevant issues in more detail. Research and experiments on this stage development of mankind are aimed primarily at solving environmental problems. Yes, an expert in the field alternative energy will be in high demand in the labor market in a few years. Equally important is the field of medicine, since the extension of life and the improvement of its quality are paramount issues of our time.

Medical Professions

The development of technology allows specialists to constantly improve. However, this medal has another side: employees need to improve their skills and undergo retraining programs. Undoubtedly, the results pay off all efforts - after all, they prolong human life.

The future is theirs

It is easier to present a list of professions in demand in 2020-2025 as a list:

Surgeon. This specialist must keep up with the times. So, already in 2012, an operation was performed to implant the implant of the lower jaw, which was previously printed on a 3D printer. Operations to implant artificial organs, such as kidneys, liver, and even the heart, are not unknown. The ability to use completely new technologies is the most important skill of a successful specialist of the future.
Health Manager. The representative of this profession will have to select a team of scientists, engineers, developers and researchers and coordinate them joint work to achieve commercially viable goals.
Medical device architect. This is a symbiosis of the profession of engineer and medical worker. This specialist will develop the design of medical equipment, as well as ensure its normal functioning. This profession is also called "bioengineer". Where to study? In universities that have areas of "medical photonics", "biotechnical and medical devices and systems", " Computer techologies in medical physics.
genetic consultant. This is a specialist in the field of genetics, which reveals hereditary diseases, determines the individual characteristics of metabolism and explores diseases that cause viral and bacterial infections.
Molecular nutritionist. The duties of a representative of this profession will include the study of the molecular composition of food and the development of an individual diet for each patient.

Industry

In order to understand the question of what professions will be in demand in 10 years, one should analyze economic development countries at present. The leading sector of the economy in Russia is industry. This is the most important factor influencing the development of the state. A specialist who has connected his life with this area will never be left without work.

Where to go?

Types of industry:

Food.
Light.
Chemical.
Mining.
Metallurgy (ferrous and non-ferrous).
Mechanical engineering and metalworking.
Fuel and electric power.
Coal, oil and gas.
Lesnaya.

Thus, industry provides society with everything that is necessary for its normal functioning. food industry future, for example, is engaged in the development of new varieties of plants that mankind uses for food. Quantity vacancies in industry is always higher than in other branches. In addition, there is a need to optimize production, so that, in addition to representatives of working professions, the work of economists, biologists, and many other specialists will be useful here.

Indispensable in industry

So what are the most in-demand professions in 2020-2025? The list will look like this:

Design engineers who will design new equipment and invent more modern technology.
Nanotechnologies whose field of work is ultra-modern nanotechnologies.
Chemists, biotechnologists, petrochemists, employed in all sectors chemical industry: from household chemicals to complex chemicals used in manufacturing.
Seamstresses, textile workers, cutters whose labor will always be in demand in
Lumberjacks, locksmiths, sawyers that ensure the correct distribution of forest resources.

Occupations in demand in 2020-2025: list for men

Many native men's professions over time, women also mastered it. So, now ladies can be not only drivers and bosses, but also politicians, policemen, assemblers. But, despite the wide distribution of such professions among the fairer sex, some areas are much more suitable for men. These include the professions of a sailor, pilot, miner, lumberjack, plumber, bodyguard, security specialist, firefighter, military, as well as a builder or scientist. The most promising areas for men are:

Programming.
Design.
Engineering.
Cyberprosthetics.
City-farming (organization of production of farm products in a metropolis).
Space industry - piloting spaceships, cosmogeology and galactic architecture.

It so happened that more men than women are endowed with a technical mindset. This plays into the hands of the stronger sex: the rapid development of science and industry requires not only an increase in the number of workers, but also the involvement of technical minds. Design, drawing, planning, organization and optimization of production require a strong and strong-willed person at the head of the table. Often these positions are held by men.

In-demand professions in 2020: a list for girls

Representatives of the beautiful half of humanity are not inferior to the male part of the population. Diligence, punctuality, clarity of action and non-standard approach distinguish female professionals from the vast majority of male colleagues. The ability to adequately overcome difficulties at work in our time is also inherent in ladies. Thus, the areas of work for women are very diverse: from creative specialties, in which girls are traditionally considered professionals, to complex technical sciences. This includes the work of a teacher, a marketing, tourism or advertising manager, a realtor, a designer in all areas, as well as a psychologist and even a security specialist.

The most demanded "female" professions in ten years will be the following professions:

Journalist.
Editor.
Nanomedica.
Space travel manager.
Game teacher (specialist in teaching children in a playful way).
Mind fitness trainer (brain training).

Women will not be left without work. sustainable life position, activity, enterprise, which coexist calmly with tenderness and complaisance, will always come in handy in the labor market. No direction is complete without participation female hand. In addition, among the students of the country's leading universities, the overwhelming majority are representatives of the weaker sex. Educated girls are able not only to build a brilliant career, but also to teach important knowledge to their children.

How to choose the ideal profession?

Applicants are faced with a difficult choice: to go to study in the direction to which the soul lies, or to choose an unloved, but demanded profession? Everyone decides this for himself. However, careerists who are successful in their field advise finding a middle ground. Not a single profession, even the most relevant in the future, guarantees complete financial security. How a person’s future life will turn out depends only on his desire to move and develop within the framework of his direction. But do you want to grow in an unloved business? Definitely not. Therefore, you need to go where it will be interesting to work in the first place, and the rest will follow.

Development of science and technology

The rate of progress is impressive. Literally ten years ago, mankind could not imagine what science would be capable of. today. And even now it is difficult to believe that implants of vital organs can be printed on a 3D printer, that the space tourism industry not only exists, but is also actively developing. That nanotechnologies occupy a leading place in the development of industry. It is difficult to imagine what the professions in demand will be in 2020-2025. The list can only be conditional. But one thing is clear for sure: the future will not be able to do without qualified specialists. So, you need to learn, develop and work on yourself a lot.

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