New professions at the end of 20. Professions that have emerged recently - an overview. Innovations in universities

“In the near future, the success of a citizen will not be measured by the sharpness of the mind, remarkable strength or high speed... Climb up career ladder only those who can quickly orient themselves and adapt to fleeting environmental conditions, grow up and are not afraid of changes will be able to do it ”.

Economist Kjell Nordström

The inexorable development of technical progress, the incessant scientific revolution, the processes of globalization and the integral absorption of the world by computer systems bring society to the highest level of development. New professions appear, which people of the past era could not even dream of. The specifics of innovations affect the growth of the list of specialties. What professions will be relevant in a few years? What are the most amazing specializations of our time? Answers to the most topical issues collected in the article.

What new professions have appeared in recent years: briefly about the main

The past years have been marked by the creation of stereotypes about prestigious and in-demand professions. A kind of national rating is headed by lawyers, programmers, managers of various levels, marketing specialists, journalists. The modern employment market can no longer satisfy all aspirations and provide the required number of suitable vacancies (). Researchers authoritatively state the reorientation of needs from economic to technical, and already after 5 years professional areas of training will change dramatically.

Among the new professions are:

advanced IT-sphere (testers, specialists in electronic data security);
specialists in installation, maintenance, repair of universal robots;
product designer for 3D printers and virtual reality objects;
engineers in the field of nanotechnology and biotechnology;
bloggers and;
Internet coach and online salesperson;
Event manager;
headhunter - "bounty hunter", an intermediary between an employer and a potential employee;
declarant - a specialist in the customs field;
underwriter - provides insurance services.

What professions will be in demand in the near future: determining factors

Research by specialists allows us to single out the main directions, thanks to which the list of professions in the future will significantly expand. Operational improvement has a significant impact information technologies... Due to the fact that modern business almost completely went to the Internet, money transactions, personnel selection, promotion of services takes place on the World Wide Web. therefore office workers the new generation should know all the tools and nuances of such work.

The second important factor is cross-functionality or combination of several positions. Professions that will be in demand in the future, imply work "at the intersection of specialties" (knowledge in related fields).

Other important features include mobility, an increase in the number of freelance workers, and an urgent need for “universal soldiers”. Taking into account the presented tendencies, it can be argued that already after 10 years many branches of labor will be radically reformatted.

New and promising professions of the future: a generalized list

Engineering specialties are in the first place. In the future, combinations of technical, economic and legal knowledge as well as language skills will be highly valued. Examples of professions are marketing engineer, heavy industry manager.

TOP-8 professions of the near future

Integrated hardware developers. The position of a programmer reaches a new level and is transformed into an IT specialist.
Nanotechnology - study of the structure of atoms and molecules, cloning, production of robots, engineering of atoms. This is the most important profession in the future., since, according to forecasts, nanotechnology will cover all spheres of work. If the country succeeds in this field, it will definitely become a world leader.
Biotechnologists - Creation of genetically modified products, drugs, design of working biochips.
Permanent marketing - experts predict that already in 20 years there will be an oversaturation of goods and services on the market. The task of a specialist is to develop effective business plans for the successful promotion of services.
Service sector - professions that cannot be entrusted to robots. Dry cleaning and hairdresser, kindergarten and school - staffing facilities social sphere will remain the same.
Logistics - management of material and information flows in the process of selling goods.
Ecologists - one of the most important professions due to global problems of the surrounding sphere.
Works in the field of chemistry implies restocking natural resources, production of artificial substitutes. Less than in 50 years oil reserves will run out and humanity will be on the brink of death. The professionals of the region are called upon to invent alternative energy sources today.

Among the professions, the demand for which is decreasing every day, are bank employees and road inspectors, conductors and seamstresses, concierges and watchmen, miners and construction workers. This phenomenon is explained by the fact that such a similar, routine and dangerous work can be safely entrusted to reliable robots. They will work without breaks and weekends, without sick leave and absenteeism, occasionally stopping for a routine examination.

Keep up with the trends of the times and stay up to date with the latest employment market news - perhaps your calling lies in the development of innovative communications. American scientists have come to the conclusion that "white collars" (office workers) will be able to change up to 30 professions in a lifetime. Development is a sign of a keen mind and self-esteem. Keep up with the times!

Each century in the history of mankind is marked by new opportunities and discoveries in different spheres of human life. Stepping on the threshold of the 21st century, we all felt the breath of the new time with its rapid development the latest technologies, global computerization, important medical discoveries.

On the labor market of Russia today

At the same time, people are faced with massive environmental and psychological challenges that require immediate action and effective solutions. In this regard, all over the world there is a need for specialists, about whom no one even heard a few years ago, and if they were discussed, it was only in the very distant future as something fantastic and unlikely. In this article, you will learn about the newest professions of the 21st century, and you will also be surprised what promising professions of the future will be in demand around the world very soon.

Among the new professions of the 21st century, of course, the information business sphere deserves attention as one of the most promising. With the global development of Internet technologies, quality information has become an expensive pleasure. Now we can say with confidence that it has become more valuable than money. If you are a skilled user personal computer, have a good command of printing skills and basic computer programs, then today you can try your hand at making money online.

The great advantage of such work is complete freedom of movement, no matter where you are today, in Russia or abroad, if you have a laptop with you. Moreover, this is work only for oneself, and earnings depend on the specific order completed. So, first, let's discuss new current professionsthat emerged on the Internet of the 21st century, making their top list.

But if you do not want to "hang" at the computer, but want to directly interact with other people, then what new professions can the 21st century labor market in Russia offer?

Event manager. This is a specialist who is engaged in the full organization of various holidays, corporate events for individuals or groups of people to order. What exactly is the responsibility of this specialist, and what skills should he possess?

Developed and aesthetic taste;
: communication skills are extremely important in order to find an individual approach to completely different people;
Ability to negotiate and conclude contracts;
Find the right objects and venues for events, participants in the action;
To be able to develop and also have ready-made holiday programs available.

Media glider. This is a specialist who plans advertising company organization for its successful promotion in the market. It evaluates the effectiveness of various media and distributes advertising budget... This position exists in all advertising agencies or in departments large companies... Specialists of this level in Russia of the 21st century began to train at the journalism faculty of Moscow State University. So what features should be inherent in a qualified media planner?

Possess extensive knowledge of sociology and marketing;
Knowledge computer programs Integrum, Pal Marceting;
Ability to analyze the advertising market;
Experience in the advertising business.

Head hunter. Translated directly from English, this specialty sounds like a "bounty hunter". This person is an intermediary between the employer and the employee. You can compare this work with the work of a recruiter who selects the right specialist from a variety of applicants, but the head hunter works with a specific professional in order to influence his choice of a job, enticing a qualified specialist to the right company. What should be a "cool" head hunter?

Thoughtful image;
Developed communication skills, listening skills;
Organizational talent;
Ability to analyze the modern labor market.

Life coach. This is a person who teaches other people the skills of effectiveness in different areas of life. He is a coach, personal mentor who helps you move along the path personal development... The client makes a specific request, for example, to learn how to effectively conclude deals, and the coach helps to form the necessary communication skills and business qualities. The requirements for such a specialist are quite high:

Psychological education or special training is desirable;
Personal experience of participation in various groups of personal development;
Specific knowledge in the area in which the client works;
The ability not only to develop the necessary skill in the client, but also to holistically influence the personality in order to change her life for the better.

This list can be supplemented with a number of other equally important and demanded professions of the 21st century in Russia and around the world:

Trader - organizer of foreign and domestic trade;
Realtor - real estate specialist;
Underwriter - insurance specialist;
PR manager - a specialist engaged in the development of an organization's image;
Back office specialist - deals with the preparation of company documentation;
Promoter - a specialist in promoting a product or service;
Merchandiser - engaged in product promotion; Marketer - studies and forms the demand for services and goods;
Declarant - customs specialist;
Interviewer - conducts opinion polls and social research;
SEO specialist - engaged in website promotion on the World Wide Web.

It's good that we live at a time when we can, without visiting a stuffy office every day!

Be fully armed by 2030

In the coming years, our world will undergo significant changes that will affect all spheres of human activity in the 21st century. British researchers have proposed highly sought-after professions that will appear in the near future. According to their calculations, by 2030 the following professions will become a reality:

Specialist in the creation of artificial organs;
Farmers using gene technologies;
Space architects and pilots;
Climate Change Specialist;
Alternative transport development specialists;
Psychologists and social workers in social networks;
Information recycling specialists;
A surgeon specializing in memory augmentation;
Scientific Ethics Specialist;
Senior Citizen Consultant;
Quarantine Specialist;
Time bank brokers.

We have already written about what the world may expect in the next 10-15 years, when self-driving cars will become a reality, 3-d printing will develop and the cost of solar energy production will decrease. And that all of this will lead to the fact that 70-80% of current jobs will disappear in the next 20 years.

Of course, these are only forecasts, but they are supported by very real historical examples. Here are just a few professions that have been very popular in the last century and have disappeared without a trace thanks to the triumph of the industrial revolution.

Disappeared professions of the last century

1. Coachman

“The horse was, is, and will be, but the car is just a fancy fad,” in 1903, the president of the Michigan Savings Bank tried to dissuade lawyer Horace Rackham from investing in Henry Ford's venture.

Then the overwhelming majority of the population agreed with him, and certainly the coachmen themselves refused to believe that their profession could disappear almost overnight due to the proliferation of cars, and later - public transport.

Together with the coachmen, coachmen also disappeared - this profession flourished in Russia since the 17th century. The coachmen were on public service, lived in special “Yamskiye” settlements and received money and gunpowder salaries from the treasury. They delivered mail, government cargo, transported officials and generally played important role in the country's economy before the spread of railway transport.

2. Wheeler

Wheelers were also out of work - craftsmen who made wheels, carts and carriages, as well as who were engaged in the repair of the past. vehicle... Now only the surnames and names of the villages remind of this profession.

3. Telephone operator

The invention of automatic telephone exchanges first jeopardized and then completely destroyed the profession of telephone operator.

The representatives of this profession were mainly girls. The telephone operators sat at a special board, switching and connecting telephone lines to each other. The work was rather nervous - according to the standards, the connection in manual mode took only eight seconds, the call could be interrupted. Telephone operators worked manually until the 1980s - the system continued to be used for international calls.

4. Ice collector

The refrigerator, which appeared in the 40s of the twentieth century, became the reason for the disappearance of another interesting profession - ice harvester.

It is now impossible to imagine life without a refrigerator, and less than a century ago, food was stored in special cabinets with ice - glaciers (it’s even scary to imagine how people survived in the summer). Procurement workers cut blocks of ice from frozen lakes and rivers and transported them to their homes.

5. Alarm clock man

The profession of a man-alarm clock (in English it was called a knocker-up, which would be more correct to translate as "a man who wakes up with a knock") existed in England and Ireland during the Industrial Revolution. The job of the "snitch-inducers" was to wake up the workers before the shift. They used long, lightweight bamboo sticks to reach the second-story windows. Alarm clocks were paid a few pence a week, and this part-time job was great for women and seniors who couldn't work in the factory. The profession went down in history only in the 20s of the last century.

6. Reader in the factory

Another interesting product of the industrial revolution is the reader or lecturer, as he was sometimes called. This is not about education or scientific lectures in lecture halls. The readers entertained the workers right during production process, because the work in the factories was very dull and monotonous. Often the workers themselves hired the reciters, collecting money on their own to pay for their labor. Usually newspapers or entertainment texts were read to workers, but at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, agitators began to actively use reciters - instead of newspapers, left-wing political manifestos appeared in the hands of lecturers. Of course, the factory owners did not like this, and in the 1920s radio replaced readers in most countries.

But on the Island of Freedom, readers still exist. Last year, the inhabitants of Cuba officially celebrated the 150th anniversary of the profession of "reader in a tobacco factory", which, as they believe, arose on December 21, 1865. In connection with round date The Cuban government even approached UNESCO with a proposal to inscribe this profession on the World Intangible Cultural Heritage List.

Currently in Cuba, more than 300 people work as professional readers in tobacco factories - all of them are government employees. They devote only 90 minutes a day to reading texts, and spend the rest of the working day to prepare materials for the next reading and discussion of what they read with the workers.

7. Calculator

Before the invention of the computer, there was a profession of a calculator. The calculators performed long and tedious calculations by hand and worked as a team. Each member of the team did their part of the work, so the work in the team went in parallel.

The work of calculators on the "Manhattan Project" (codename for the US nuclear weapons program) was very important during World War II. It was performed by six female calculators. After the end of the war, computers worked at NASA on mission-related projects. In the future, the need for this profession has disappeared due to the development of computers.

8. The typist

Another popular female profession that has gone into the past with the advent of computers is a typist, that is, a typesetter of texts on typewriter... Of course, the specialty "typesetter on the computer" appeared, but the popularity of these professions is incomparable - the copying function has changed the world of text creators.

And since the conversation turned to information carriers, why not remember another profession that has sunk into oblivion - the scribe, which disappeared with the advent of typography. The scribe professionally copied books and documents by hand. Historically scribes did business large landowners, kings, chronicled temples and cities, and also copied various significant texts, including chronicles and scriptures.

9. Lamplighter

Before the invention of electric lanterns, large cities were illuminated with candle or gas lanterns, which were lit by lamplighters. They used long ladders to climb onto the lantern and set it on fire with matches or oil lamps. Their functions included: ignition and extinguishing of lanterns, filling tanks with flammable liquid and repairing lanterns.

The profession partially disappeared with the advent of gas lanterns, which were automatically lit at a certain time, without human intervention. The advent of electricity finally put an end to it, but completely new professions appeared - network engineers and electricians.

10. Radar man

It's hard to imagine, but before the invention of radars, their functions were performed manually by human radars, using acoustic mirrors and listening devices to detect the sound of the engines of approaching aircraft. In the first half of the last century, the profession was considered to be in great demand. But they had one significant drawback: they caught frequencies aircraftflying at low speed, and also could not distinguish a military vehicle from a civilian one.

11. Barge Haulers

The appearance of steamships contributed to the disappearance of the barge haulers profession. Barge haulers were called hired workers in Russia of the 16th-early 20th centuries, who, walking along the coast, pulled with the help of twine river vessels against the stream. The work was seasonal: boats were pulled in spring and autumn. The work of the barge haulers was very hard and monotonous. The speed of movement depended on the strength of the wind.

In the Russian Empire, the city of Rybinsk was called the "capital of barge haulers" from the beginning of the 19th century. During the summer navigation, a quarter of all Russian burglary passed through it.

12. The rafter

It was not easy for the timber raftsmen, because they performed the functions of today's trucks, collecting logs and delivering them for processing. Previously, the process of transporting timber looked like this: in winter, felled trees were piled on the frozen surface of the river, in the spring the ice melted and the logs began to float downstream. Strong and strong men walked along the bank with long sticks, directing the logs and removing various obstacles from their path. The profession disappeared at the beginning of the 20th century, with the spread railroad and the advent of portable sawmills.

13. Water carrier and water carrier

Before the advent of centralized water supply, water was delivered to houses by water carriers. They collected water from a spring, poured it into containers and transported it or carried it to homes.

The invention of the plumbing did not immediately destroy this profession. In St. Petersburg in the middle of the 19th century, 37 water pumps were operating; from them water in buckets was carried around the city by water carriers. Because without water, as you know, “neither are there nor there”. Only in the twentieth century this profession finally disappeared in Europe.

so

Should we be afraid of the coming total unemployment? For some reason, it seems to us that no.

Judge for yourself. The eight-hour working day was introduced in the 19th century, during the industrial revolution in England - before that, factory workers worked 14-16 hours a day. More than 100 years have passed, technology has developed and workers in all industries have acquired the ability to perform a much larger volume of work in a short period of time. It would be logical to expect that this will lead to a shortening of the workday. And the invention of the computer in general should have already left half of the planet without work.

But this has not happened yet - work, or rather "employment", is becoming more and more, and time - less and less. This means that some other mechanisms are at work here - “universal employment” is beneficial to everyone. But this is a completely different conversation.

Choosing a profession is a question that everyone faces. From early childhood, a person tries to understand what place he will occupy in adulthood. Someone sincerely believed in the career of a firefighter, someone wanted to become a ballet actor, and some dreamed of selling sweets to children. Unfortunately or fortunately, not all children's wishes come true. With age comes understanding: an ideal profession is not only a favorite, but also a demanded business. Current schoolchildren and applicants must anticipate changes in the labor market. In this regard, it is necessary to understand the list of professions in demand in 2020-2025. It must be capacious and reasonable - then it will be possible to use the freedom of choice.

What was relevant before

The first professions appeared before the emergence of civilization. Then, among the ancient people, it had a clear, specific character. The man's task was to ensure the safety of the "home", women and children. He was supposed to provide the tribe with food. Women, on the other hand, raised children and made sure that the fire in the family hearth always warmed the household. The redistribution of responsibilities appeared when humanity began to change its usual way of life. Wandering tribes became sedentary, development began agriculture... There was such a profession as a tiller.

The hard physical labor with which people cultivated the land pushed society towards the invention of more convenient devices. Craft appeared. Over time, the professions of potters and blacksmiths arose - these were professions related to the future. Dynasties of masters constantly improved their skills, which triggered progress. In the end, this has led to the fact that there are currently about forty thousand different professions.

The emergence of a narrow specialization

Already in the twentieth century, there was an urgent need for the division of labor. If earlier "jack of all trades" were indispensable and in great demand, then in conditions of an overloaded labor market and a constant increase in demand for goods, narrow specialists were needed. The first to understand this was Henry Ford, who divided the production of cars into conventional workshops. Each of them produced a separate part of the overall mechanism. People worked where they were more successful. The result was an increase in output finished products several times. Other major manufacturers have adopted Ford's example, and now every company uses the conveyor method.

How was progress

In industrial Russia, traditional factory workers were popular throughout the twentieth century, receiving a good salary, and young people, wanting to be useful, gladly went to work for large enterprises... However, after the collapse Soviet Union many factories have lost their stability. Started new era on the labor market - the development of the service sector. Construction developed no less actively - large cities were built up with high-rise buildings. Thus, at the beginning of the 2000s, new, promising professions were the professions of a builder, bricklayer, plasterer, as well as managers, waiters, specialists in the field of restaurant and tourism business and other service workers.

In 2007, society increasingly asked the question of what professions would be in demand in 10 years. The applicants understood that the whole subsequent life depends on their choice. Then the ratings of the professions of the future were full of sales managers, marketers, customer service specialists, IT engineers, lawyers, economists and some others. This suggests that at that time the service sector continued to develop and the demand for qualified specialists was constantly growing. But even then, a development trend began in the field of scientific research.

Scientific development today

Now scientific research the decisive place is assigned. The future development of the country and society depends entirely on the daily achievements of scientists. Features of scientific development consist in the fact that there is a clear division of science into several independent disciplines. This makes it possible to resolve urgent issues in more detail. Research and experiments on this stage the development of mankind is aimed primarily at solving environmental problems. So, an expert in the field alternative energy will be in great demand on the labor market in a few years. The field of medicine is no less important, since the extension of life and the improvement of its quality are the primary issues of our time.

Medical professions

The development of technology allows specialists to constantly improve. However, this medal has another side: employees need to improve their qualifications and undergo retraining programs. Undoubtedly, the results pay off all efforts - after all, they prolong human life.

The future belongs to them

It is easier to present a list of in-demand professions in 2020-2025 with a list:

Surgeon. This specialist must keep up with the times. So, already in 2012, an operation was performed to implant the implant of the lower jaw, which was pre-printed on a 3D printer. Operations for the implantation of artificial organs such as kidneys, liver and even the heart are well known. The ability to use completely new technologies is the most important skill of the successful professional of the future.
Health care manager... A representative of this profession will have to select and coordinate a team of scientists, engineers, developers and researchers joint work to achieve commercially promising goals.
Medical device architect. It is a symbiosis of the profession of an engineer and medical worker... This specialist will be engaged in the development of the design of medical equipment, as well as ensure its normal functioning. This profession is also called "bioengineer". Where to study? In universities in which there are areas "medical photonics", "biotechnical and medical devices and systems", " computer techologies in medical physics ".
Genetic consultant. This is a specialist in the field of genetics who identifies hereditary diseases, determines the individual characteristics of metabolism and examines diseases that cause viral and bacterial infections.
Molecular nutritionist. The duties of a representative of this profession will include the study of the molecular composition of food and the development of an individual nutritional regimen for each patient.

Industry

In order to understand the question of what professions will be in demand in 10 years, one should analyze economic development countries now. Industry is the leading sector of the economy in Russia. This is the most important factor influencing the development of the state. A specialist who has connected his life with this area will never be left without work.

Where to go?

Industries:

Food grade.
Lightweight.
Chemical.
Mining.
Metallurgy (ferrous and non-ferrous).
Mechanical engineering and metalworking.
Fuel and electricity.
Coal, oil and gas.
Forest.

Thus, industry provides society with everything that is necessary for its normal functioning. Food industry the future, for example, is engaged in the development of new varieties of plants that humanity uses for food. number vacancies in industry is always higher than in other branches. In addition, there is a need to optimize production, so that, in addition to representatives of blue-collar professions, the work of economists, biologists, and many other specialists will be useful here.

Indispensable in the industry

So what are the most in-demand professions in 2020-2025? The list will look like this:

Design Engineerswho will design new equipment and invent more modern technology.
Nanotechnologywhose field of work is cutting edge nanotechnology.
Chemists, biotechnologists, petrochemists, employed in all industries chemical industry: from household chemicals to complex chemicals used in production.
Seamstresses, textile workers, cutters, whose work will always be in demand in
Lumberjacks, locksmiths, sawersensuring the correct distribution of forest resources.

Professions in demand in 2020-2025: a list for men

Many primordially male professions have been mastered by women as well. So, now ladies can be not only drivers and bosses, but also politicians, policemen, installers. But, despite the wide spread of such professions among the fairer sex, some areas are much more suitable for men. These include the professions of a sailor, pilot, miner, lumberjack, plumber, bodyguard, security specialist, firefighter, military, as well as a builder or scientist. The most promising areas for men are:

Programming.
Design.
Engineering.
Cyber \u200b\u200bprosthetics.
City farming (organization of production of farm products in a metropolis).
Space industry - piloting spaceships, cosmogeology and galactic architecture.

It just so happens that more men are endowed with a technical mindset than women. This plays into the hands of the stronger sex: the rapid development of science and industry requires not only an increase in the number of workers, but also the involvement of technical minds. Designing, drafting, planning, organizing and optimizing production requires a strong and strong-willed person at the head of the table. Often, such positions are held by a man.

In-demand professions in 2020: a list for girls

Representatives of the beautiful half of humanity are not inferior to the male part of the population. Hard work, punctuality, clarity of actions and non-standard approach distinguish female specialists from the overwhelming majority of male colleagues. The ability to adequately overcome difficulties at work is now inherent in ladies. Thus, the spheres of work for women are very diverse: from creative professions, in which girls are traditionally considered professionals, to complex technical sciences... This includes the work of a teacher, marketing, tourism or advertising manager, realtor, designer of all directions, as well as a psychologist and even a security specialist.

The most demanded "female" professions in ten years will be professions:

Journalist.
Editor.
Nanomedics.
Cosmotourism manager.
Game teacher (specialist in teaching children in a playful way).
Mind fitness trainer (brain training).

Women will not be left without work. Sustainable life position, activity, enterprise, which calmly get along with tenderness and complaisance, will always come in handy in the labor market. No direction is complete without the participation of a woman's hand. In addition, among the students of the country's leading universities, the overwhelming majority are the fairer sex. Educated girls can not only build a brilliant career, but also teach important knowledge to their children.

How do you choose the perfect profession?

Applicants face a difficult choice: to go to study in the direction to which their hearts lie, or to choose an unloved but demanded profession? Everyone decides this for himself. However, successful careerists in their field advise finding a middle ground. Not a single profession, even the most relevant in the future, guarantees full material security. How a person's future life will turn out depends only on his desire to move and develop in his direction. But will you want to grow in an unloved business? Definitely not. Therefore, you need to go where it will be interesting to work in the first place, and the rest will follow.

Development of science and technology

The speed of progress is impressive. Literally ten years ago, humanity could not imagine what science would be capable of. today... Even now it is difficult to believe that implants of vital organs can be printed on a 3D printer, that the space tourism industry not only exists, but is also actively developing. That nanotechnology is at the forefront of industrial development. It is difficult to imagine what the in-demand professions will be in 2020-2025. The list can only be conditional. But one thing is clear: the future cannot do without qualified specialists. It means that you need to learn, develop and work a lot on yourself.

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