Paving slabs as a business. Business plan for the production of paving slabs from a to z. Production of related products

Due to its reasonable price and high quality, paving slabs have become one of the most popular building materials. It is used for the arrangement of streets and private territories. Every day the demand for the product is increasing, while there are not so many manufacturers of this material in the country. This is a great chance to start your own manufacturing business. paving slabs... A well-written business plan will help you achieve great success in this activity.

Today, the production of paving slabs is considered the most promising and affordable direction. But like any other activity, this business has its advantages and disadvantages.

Advantages:

small budget;
lack of a license (in accordance with federal law paving slabs are goods that are not subject to registration);
simple production technology;
ready sales market;
good profitability and quick payback;
there are no strict requirements for the premises.

The disadvantages of a business include the following:

big competition;
the need to comply special conditions storage of tiles;
constant search for clients;
loss of customers due to the manufacture of low-quality products (the reasons for defects can be both non-compliance with production technology and the use of low-quality equipment).

Registration and documents

This business does not require special certificates. To open it, it is enough to register as individual entrepreneur(IP). But if you plan to expand production in the future, then you should register an LLC (limited liability company).

You can contact specialized bodies and get a document there confirming the quality of your product.

Full list required documents looks like this:

birth certificate;
passport;
document confirming the place of residence;
TIN and certificate of TIN assignment;
certificate of registration of an individual entrepreneur (or LLC);
EGRIP record sheet;
product quality certificate;
certificate of conformity of goods to GOST.

With a certificate of conformity, you will increase your customer base and be able to compete in the market

The choice of technology for the production of paving slabs

Before opening own business, you need to decide on the type of tile. The main difference lies in the production technology. At the moment, there are three ways to make paving slabs.

Vibration casting

This production technology is very simple and consists of the following stages:

lubrication of forms;
preparation of the mixture;
casting;
excerpt;
stripping.

Vibro-cast tiles can withstand small loads, so they are usually used for flooring a soda path or a small facade near the house. It is not recommended to place these products on avenues and roads. The service life is 5 to 10 years. The average price on the market varies from 380 rubles per sq. m.

The main equipment used for vibration casting

Vibropressing

This technology is significantly different from the previous one. The whole process of work consists of 3 stages:

preparation of concrete;
formation;
drying of products.

Advantages:

high strength finished products;
high frost resistance;
complies with the norms and requirements of GOST under No. 17608–91;
high performance tiles;
the workflow can be automated;
low cost (compared to vibration casting technology);
more economical than the production of vibrocast tiles;
purchased vibropresses can be used for the production of other building materials, which makes it possible to expand the business.

There are practically no drawbacks to this technology, with the exception of the high cost of equipment. Vibro-compressed tiles are excellent for placement on the roadway. She is able to withstand heavy loads. Service life from 50 to 100 years. The average price on the market ranges from 450 rubles per sq. m.

Clinker technology

There are two methods for the production of clinker tiles:

Semi-dry pressing. The material is pressed on special equipment, and then fired in an oven at temperatures from 1100 to 1500C °. In this case, the original product is not dried. After firing, the finished product has a low density and strength. But thanks to this, clinker tiles have low thermal conductivity, which allows them to be used as a heat-insulating material.
Extrusion technology. An extruder is used for production. This device is a "grinder" through which wet clay is passed. The tiles are shaped using a vacuum press. Then the workpiece is thoroughly dried and fired in an oven (at a temperature of 1100-1500C °). Most clinker slabs are manufactured using this technique. Due to this, they have a high density and strength, are resistant to mechanical stress and have a long service life.

The disadvantages of making tiles using clinker technology include:

complex work process;
expensive project;
small market for products.

The service life is not limited. The average price is 280 rubles per sq. m.

Room selection

One of the advantages of this business is the ability to open a business in any room convenient for you. However, when choosing, you must consider the following factors:

Necessary equipment and raw materials

For production you need the following equipment:

concrete mixer;
molds for pouring plates (rubber, polyurethane or PVC);
forms for gutters and curbs;
packaging machine;
hydraulic rocker;
reinforced PVC film;
vibration table;
vibropress;
stripping table;
racks;
pallets (pallets);
clay kiln.

The main raw materials for the manufacture of paving slabs are:

sand;
cement;
crushed stone;
dyes;
mineral supplements.

Vibrating press for the production of paving slabs

Shop employees

When recruiting personnel, the planned production volume should be taken into account. At the first stage, a team of 3 people will be enough, which, if necessary, can be increased.

V job duties employees include the following:

shipment of raw materials;
preparation of the solution and filling the mold;
control of technology and support of products in the production process;
drying of the created semi-finished products;
storage and dispatch of finished products.

The staff must be hardworking, conscientious and proactive, since the future of your enterprise depends on these qualities. Payment for labor can be made in piecework or fixed form.

Income and expenses

Investment costs:

Total: 1,430,000 rubles.

Monthly expenses:

Total: 95,000 rubles.

Profitability

To achieve profitability, it is necessary to make a calculation of the products produced and set a markup on the product that will pay off the monthly costs.

Don't forget that the price of your product must be competitive.

During the production of 1 sq. m. of paving slabs it is necessary:

cement - 37 kg - 85 rubles;
sand - 90 kg - 20.7 rubles;
crushed stone - 30 kg - 9 rubles;
mineral additives and dyes - 1.48 kg - 16 rubles;
tax (UST-26%) - 31 rubles.

Cost - 152.79 rubles.

Planned volume of production for initial stage- 8000 sq. m. Based on this, the daily production rate will be 400 sq. m. m.

Average price of 1 sq. m. of paving slabs - 300 rubles.

The volume of proceeds, subject to the sale of the entire batch, is 2,400,000 rubles.

Net profit: 2,400,000 - 1,222,320 - 95,000 = 1,082,000 rubles.

The payback period will be 6-7 months.

Is it profitable to open

The financial calculation results prove that this activity is very profitable. Despite the large investment costs, your business will pay off within approximately 6 months. The specific time frame depends on the quality of the goods produced and the properly organized marketing policy.

Manufacturing of paving slabs(video)

//www.youtube.com/watch?v=XQFuMVkneok

Municipal organizations and individuals pay a lot of attention to the improvement of the territory, for which they often use paving slabs. Thanks to this, the business for its production is considered promising and profitable. The main thing is to correctly draw up a business plan and take into account possible risks... Good luck!

Paving slabs (paving stones, figured paving element) are one of the best solutions in the design of sidewalk and garden paths, playgrounds and places for recreation. This durable and non-toxic building material allows laying in territories of all sizes and shapes, gives a suburban area a well-groomed look and acts as a high-quality and affordable alternative to asphalt pavement.

High-quality paving slabs withstand more than 200 freeze / thaw cycles; when heated, harmful substances do not evaporate from it.

- a creative, uncomplicated and financially affordable process, even for people unfamiliar with construction.

Home production allows you to save money, get a quality guarantee (subject to technology) and create an exclusive version of the track on the site. High quality withstands more than 200 freeze / thaw cycles, when heated, harmful substances do not evaporate from it. Simplicity, affordability, abundance of shapes, sizes and colors make this type of material popular for making at home.

Selection of production technology

The vibrating table includes a movable table with a vibrator. All this is rigidly fixed on the bed. The installation is served by 2 people.

The adjustment of our own technological plant is based on the use of technologies from specialized factories. There are two production methods:

Vibration pressing of concrete mixtures of high hardness with low water content.
Vibration casting with the addition of plasticizers.

These methods help to make a variety of concrete elements that are characterized by low porosity and perfect surface finish. Such characteristics are achieved due to the low water content in the concrete mixture, which is tightly packed due to vibration or vibrocompression.

None of the methods have any fundamental advantages. To comply with the technology of vibration pressing, the manufacturer must have special expensive equipment available. Easier to achieve guaranteed quality paving slabs using the vibration casting method and using plasticizing additives. This method is better suited for self-made tiles.

The essence of the vibration casting method is that the concrete mixture is compacted in molds on special tables under the action of vibration, which is caused by electromechanical vibrators. This production technology in construction it is used everywhere (vibrated reinforced concrete slabs, pillars, supports, curbs, etc.). Depending on the operations performed, one-layer and two-layer production technologies are distinguished.

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What do you need?

The reliability of the tiles produced is influenced by the quality of the raw materials, the correct proportions of the components in the composition of the concrete mixture and the organization of drying in natural conditions. For the production of paving slabs, you will need simple and affordable equipment, as well as raw materials. Used as equipment:

Concrete mixer. It is recommended to use not a gravity concrete mixer, but a forced action.
Vibrating table. You can buy it ready-made or assemble it yourself.
Forms for tiles. Manufacturers offer ready-made forms in various sizes and styles. You can make the form yourself.
Collecting shovel, bucket (10 L), rubber gloves.

The components of the concrete mix for the production of paving stones are:

crushed stone of fraction 3-10 mm, better than hard nonmetallic rocks (alternative - gravel or granite screening);
sand;
cement without additives, grade 500 (in extreme cases, not lower than 400);
chemical additives (plasticizers, concrete modifiers, etc.);
dry pigments (dyes);
mold lubricant;
pure water.

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Production cycle

The whole process of making paving slabs can be divided into several stages:

Preparation of forms.
Preparation of concrete mix.
Shaping on a vibrating table.
Exposure in forms (1-2 days).
Removal of finished tiles and new preparation of forms.

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Preparation of molds for the production of vibrocast products

The materials from which the molds are made allow them to be used several times. Rubber molds withstand up to 500 times of repeated use at home, plastic - up to 250, polyurethane - up to 100. Silicone, fiberglass and other primary raw materials are also used for the production of tile molds. You can make your own molds from wood or galvanized metal.

Rubber molds can withstand up to 500 times of repeated use at home, plastic - up to 250, polyurethane - up to 100.

To facilitate further work with the forms and the process of stripping, before pouring the mortar, the "templates" must be lubricated with a special compound. Lubrication extends mold life and makes cleaning easier before next use. The coating layer should be thin; pores may form on the surface of the finished tile from excess fat. Do not use lubricants that contain petroleum products.

Home conditions allow you to prepare the lubricant yourself. For this 50 g engine oil diluted in 1.5 liters of water and stirred for a long time. It is important to experimentally select the ideal fat balance. Vegetable oil or dissolved in water is often used as a lubricant. laundry soap... When working without lubrication, new forms are treated with an antistatic agent, and after stripping, if necessary, washed with 5-10% hydrochloric acid solution.

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Mixing of concrete mix

Pigments, as well as a plasticizer, are added to concrete from the mass of cement, but not more than 3%. The color of the pigment is used the way you want to make your colored paving slabs.

You must first prepare additional components - plasticizer and concrete dye. The dye will be needed in the case of making colored paving slabs; in the production of ordinary gray products, there is no need for it.

The plasticizer should constitute about 0.5% of the amount of all components of the mixture in dry form. To mix 40 liters of concrete, you will need 200 g of plasticizer. You cannot add it dry, 200 g of the substance is diluted in small portions in 1 liter of water at a temperature of 70-80 degrees Celsius. At least 2% of all dry components should be dye. 800 g of the dye is gradually added to water (3 l) with a temperature of 40-50 degrees Celsius, stirring thoroughly.

The walls of the concrete mixer must be damp; for this, rinse the inside of the machine with water and drain the water. The strength of concrete products depends on the ratio of cement to water. To mix half-wet concrete. To obtain this effect, it is necessary to add 30% less water than cement. For clarity: 3 buckets of cement (including plasticizer and dye) take 2 buckets of water.

First, water is poured into the concrete mixer, then a portion of cement is added, screening is added to the homogeneous emulsion obtained after mixing, and a solution is obtained. It is mixed well and pre-diluted plasticizer and dye are poured in. It is necessary to knead until a homogeneous mass is obtained.

You can also prepare a concrete mixture at home by manual mixing. This requires a lot of physical effort and extra time.

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Forming, holding and stripping

The ready-mixed concrete has workability OK = 3-4 cm. Therefore, short-term vibration treatment is used to compact it.

The molds are filled with ready-mixed concrete and placed on a vibrating table. The height of placing the concrete in the mold should not exceed 4 cm. To save money, the concrete mixture can be laid in the mold in layers. In this case, concrete for the outer (colored) and base layers are mixed separately.

If for some reason gravel or crushed stone is not used in the concrete mixture, for the strength of the product, they must be replaced with metal reinforcement (reinforced mesh or wire). It is laid in the process of filling the forms with concrete between the first and second layers.

The vibration intensity depends to a large extent on the number of placed molds; the table springs should not be overloaded or weakened too much. After turning on the vibrating table and the beginning of the influence of vibration on the forms filled with solution, a free space appears in them, it must be additionally filled. The vibration duration is 4-5 minutes until a white foam appears on the concrete, which indicates the completion of the air release process.

The molds must be removed from the vibrating table and placed on a flat surface in a room protected from direct sunlight. The low water content and the presence of a plasticizer allow the tiles to dry quickly. Stripping can be done after 1-2 days. Before "knocking out" the tiles, it is necessary to lower the mold into water with a temperature of about 50-70 degrees Celsius for a couple of minutes. Then place the mold on the vibrating table and tap the sides lightly with a rubber mallet to prevent the mold from cracking. The service life of each mold is shortened by approximately 30% when using demoulding without preheating. Such removal of products is especially dangerous for thin tiles, it can lead to rejects.

After completion of the stripping, leave the finished products to "lie down" for 5-6 days on pallets, having previously covered them with plastic shrink wrap for further hardening. Prepare the forms for the next cycle.

The idea of producing material for tracks and platforms at home is very promising. For a private house and for a summer residence, this is always a hot topic, so it is possible that it will become your source of income. The technology for making paving slabs at home differs from the factory one primarily in scale.

Home production of paving slabs

Any owner of a private house, one way or another, has come across concrete making and is familiar with cement firsthand. In this case, making paving slabs with your own hands will not seem like something completely new. At home, vibration casting technology is most often used. The concrete mix is poured into molds and compacted on a special vibrating table. Such production involves the use of plasticizers in the composition of the pouring solution.

Equipment

For home production, a simplified set of tools and equipment is used. You will need:

Vibrating table for concrete compaction;
Forms;
Rubber mallet;
Master OK;
Concrete mixer;
Auxiliary items: buckets, shovels, etc.

Craftsmen tend to build vibration tables on their own, since there are plenty of schemes on the Internet.

Expendable materials

To prepare concrete mortar for tiles, the following materials are needed:

Quality cement from 400 brands, the best way M500;
River sand, which must be sieved beforehand;
Crushed stone (gravel or screenings) with a diameter of no more than 10 mm;
Plasticizers and other improvers;
Pigments (for colored tiles);
Clean water from the mains;
Special lubricants for molds.

Step-by-step description of home production

Form preparation

Before pouring the solution into the molds, they must be properly prepared, otherwise further stripping and cleaning will be extremely difficult. For this, the forms are covered from the inside. thin layer special grease. At this step, the main thing is not to overdo it with the layer thickness, otherwise you can get products damaged by bubbles.

Petroleum products are not suitable for mold lubrication.

To facilitate the process, aerosol lubricants are sold that are convenient for use at home.

Solution recipe

The secret of the quality of the tiles lies in knowing the correct recipe for preparing the mixture, as well as in observing the technology of its production. The correct ratio of components will give a strong and durable tile. Colored tiles require the introduction of dyes, but they reduce the strength of the finished product. The addition of reinforcing fibers will help to strengthen the strength.

Plasticizers are used to improve the quality of concrete, namely its plasticity, which is important when pouring. Its amount should not exceed 0.5% by weight of all other dry ingredients. Pigment additives are added in an amount of 2% of the total dry mass, after being dissolved in water until completely homogeneous. The recipe for a mortar for pouring molds at home assumes a ratio of cement to sand in the calculation of 1: 3.

An equally important point of production is the amount of water, which determines the consistency of the solution ready for pouring. Excessive water will damage the strength of the paving slabs. Usually take 2 buckets of water for 3 buckets of cement.

Preparatory work

Before starting the batch, take care not to interfere with the addition of the ingredients during the batch. It is best to do the job with a helper who will promptly deliver the required ingredients.

On the buckets, you immediately need to make notes on sand, gravel and cement for one batch. Plasticizers and dyes are dissolved in hot water in advance. On the way, such work cannot be done, because there should not be lumps and precipitation in them.

Kneading

Mixing the solution requires the correct sequence of introducing the components with constant stirring. For a single batch, a conventional perforator with a mixer attachment is suitable, but for large production volumes, you cannot do without a small concrete mixer.

Mixing instructions:

First in order, water is poured into the mixer minus the one in which plasticizers and dyes are diluted, because it is also a liquid;

The second component is smoothly injected cement with continuous operation of the concrete mixer;

In turn, sand and crushed stone are introduced into the solution;

When a plastic mass is obtained, plasticizers and pigments dissolved in water are added;

Stirring is carried out for a few more minutes until a homogeneous mushy mass is obtained.

The consistency of the mortar should be flexible, but not too liquid. The portion taken should hold well, not leak or fall apart.

Pouring and vibrating table

By and large, at home you can do without a vibrating table, but in this case it will not be possible to obtain high-quality products. The fact is that even a very plastic mass is not able to tightly fill the forms and voids cannot be avoided. For home tracks, this will work, but for sale you need products of a higher class.

Pouring forms are installed on a vibrating table and filled with mortar to a height of no more than 4 cm. In the production of colored tiles, two compositions are often prepared: colored and ordinary. Forms are filled in layers, which allows to obtain a more durable tile. In some cases, the tiles are not reinforced with crushed stone, but with a metal mesh laid between the concrete layers.

The vibrating table is started, which will compact the mass in about 5 minutes. Understanding about the readiness and absence of voids inside the mass gives the appearance of white foam on the surface of the concrete mixture.

Freezing

After the forms are properly filled on a vibrating table, they are removed and moved to special racks. Exposure should take about 2 days without direct sunlight. In no case should the concrete dry out prematurely, so in the heat it should be periodically moistened by spraying water.

Stripping

The last step for the production of paving slabs is stripping, which is carried out 2-3 days after pouring. It must be done carefully, as the tiles are damp and have not reached their maximum strength. Pre-using mold release agents simplifies this process, so you shouldn't skimp on savings and skip this step. To obtain durable products, before stripping, the molds must be immersed in water with a temperature of 50 to 70 degrees. A few minutes of such a warm-up and you can take out the tiles, having previously tapped on the molds with a rubber mallet. Heating the molds significantly increases the amount production cycles... In addition, such a measure will help minimize waste.

After stripping, the tiles still need to cure for about 5-6 days. To do this, they are covered with shrink wrap.

Now you know how to make paving slabs with your own hands and you can carry out this venture at home. If everything goes smoothly, then you can think about a small commercial project.... It's real to start your own business, even without a special tool, having bought it in addition as your business develops.

Economical production of paving slabs (2 videos)

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Production of paving slabs: business plan step by step + 5 types of tiles + 3 production methods + detailed investment calculations.

Capital investment: 968 800 rubles.
Payback period: 3 months.

Production of paving slabs - profitable business with a long-term development perspective.

The infrastructure of modern cities requires constant replenishment of reserves of building materials, including paving slabs.

Why paving slabs? Because this is a business that is always relevant. Think of how many sidewalks are tiled in your city. The building materials market is always in demand + the pace of infrastructure development is increasing, which implies an increase in the demand for consumables.

Own tile production is an expensive business, because the cost of quality equipment starts at $ 5,000. The main positive side is the profitability of over 100%.

You have money and desire to open own production paving slabs? Let's start building now!

Paving slab production - let's start with marketing

To begin with, you should answer a few basic questions about promoting any product:

What to sell?
Whom to sell to?
What price should I set?

The right answers to these questions can form the ideal marketing plan sales. Start with the first one.

What to sell?

Paving slabs? This is not the answer that will give you a competitive edge.

It is necessary to decide on a specific product. Initially, you will have a small production line - no need to spray.

Consider the main types of tiles, and choose the option that suits you:

View	a brief description of
Paving stones	The surface of the tiles is hard and frost-resistant, the composition includes granite chips. Rectangular or chipped shape, bottom and side edges are smooth, colors are mostly strict. Reusable, resistant to mechanical damage.
Rubber crumb tile	The composition includes crumb rubber + polyurethane glue. The shape and size may vary depending on the area of use. It is used for playgrounds and sports grounds, places with an increased risk of injury.
Reinforced	High strength tiles. There is a wire mesh inside, which can significantly increase the mechanical resistance of the product. Produced only by vibration casting. It is frost-resistant, adheres to a strict design, and is used for laying parking lots, entrances to factory buildings.
Polymer sand	Consists of polymer, sand and pigment. Lightweight and frost-resistant, used for laying pedestrian areas. The only drawback is low strength. The production method is characterized by the use of high pressure to increase the homogeneity of the mixture.
3D design	Paving slabs with 3D print. The peculiarity lies in the resistance of the print to mechanical damage and all kinds of weather conditions. In terms of its physical qualities, it does not differ in any way from the most ordinary paving slabs.

So, the production of paving stones for sidewalks is the best solution for a novice entrepreneur.

Paving stones are easy to manufacture, popular both in the city and in the private sector. Simplicity sells well. Uncomplicated forms appeal to most potential buyers.

Whom to sell to?

The sales market for paving slabs is limited in scope.

Think about where you might have come across a tile? Obviously on the sidewalks! Do you understand that it is advisable to use paving slabs only for laying urban roadsides, or to use them for the decoration of a private sector zone?

We define a list of potential customers:

State communal structures that are engaged in the improvement of the city's territory.
Construction companies.
Private sector home owners.

Which one to focus on?

Of course, the best customer is state structures... They will provide you with consistent sales.

But, as a beginner, you do not have the necessary status and the opportunity to immediately get into the ranks of the leaders.
The target audience of the project that will be discussed in this guide is the private sector.

Owners of private buildings buy large volumes of tiles. It gives a certain status to the "estate" and contributes to comfortable movement in the yard in any weather.

What price should I set?

Vibration pressing. This way will allow the entrepreneur to increase the volume of goods. But at the same time, you will have to pay a fairly substantial amount for equipment for the production of paving slabs.

Financial issue: equipment for the production of paving slabs

Equipment for the production of paving slabs is the main expense in opening this business.

Purchase a new vibropress or find a used option - actual question for the aspiring entrepreneur.

Compare prices for all basic equipment and draw the appropriate conclusions:

Equipment	Cost, rub.)	Appointment
Vibropress	~ 500 000	Manufacturing of paving slabs. Depending on the shape of the matrix, it can be used for the production of blocks and other building materials from concrete mortar. Due to vibration and the influence of the punch, the solution is converted into a dense structure.
Hyperpress	450 000	Allows to form tiles using high hydraulic pressure, thereby compacting the mixture to the desired hardness.
Vibrating table	30 000	The solution in the matrix hardens due to prolonged exposure to vibration. At the exit, we get a tile, which needs to go through a long drying.
The form	100	Formation of the product of the specified parameters. The molds are made of plastic, which ensures durability and functionality + resistance to the influence of the solution.
Rack	2 750	Size: 2000x300x1000 mm. Used to position the tiles during the drying process. The base is steel. The rack must be able to withstand the appropriate load.
Concrete mixer	14 000	With the help of a concrete mixer, the mortar acquires a homogeneous consistency, which avoids differences in the composition of the finished tile.

A complete production line costs from 50,000 to 800,000 rubles... Equipment for the production of paving slabs using a vibropress will cost 520,000 rubles.

1) Forms for the production of paving slabs.

Special attention deserve molds for the production of paving slabs. They differ in their design, resistance to mechanical damage, and composition.

Consider a comparison table that will give you an idea of the main types of forms, depending on the composition:

Composition	Peculiarities
Metal	Robust, simple construction. If you have experience with welding and metal, you can try making a mold yourself. Problem: The constant influence of water on the metal leads to rapid corrosion. It is important to use stainless steel.
Wood	Affordable cost, you can easily assemble it yourself using plywood and wooden slats. Easy to modify. Problem: The wood becomes saturated with moisture and swells, making it difficult to remove the tiles. Polyethylene underlays can be used to avoid direct contact of the mortar with the tree.
Plastic	The forms are light, strong enough, but short-lived, since plastic has not the best strength indicators . It is impossible to make a mold on your own - working with liquid plastic is very difficult.
Silicone	Flexible forms capable of withstanding 50 to 100 cycles of use. High-quality silicone allows you to create tiles of any shape, which is a huge plus.

Before each tile manufacturer the question arises - is it possible to make a mold on your own?

The standard mold is used 50 (plastic) to 200 (metal) times.

To avoid big expenses, you can make the forms yourself. The best material is metal or wood. Savings - 50%. But if you are unsure of your designer skills, the best way out is to buy a ready-made form.

Self-production of forms makes sense only in the case of using a vibrating table as the main production method. Assembling the matrix for the vibrating press yourself is not best idea because you won't be able to stick to the workflow from start to finish.

2) Machine for the production of paving slabs.

The cost of a vibrating press ranges from 300,000 to 500,000 rubles. Not the most profitable price for the aspiring entrepreneur! Can you find an alternative to the new tile machine?

A used machine costs 40-50% less than a new one. But it is important to understand that such savings in the early stages of production will lead to future expenses for repairs + may end up with a complete stop of work.

And the machine for the production of paving slabs with such appearance?

Is risk a noble cause?

It's up to you to decide. Remember that the simple operation of the mini-plant will lead to a decrease in efficiency. The best solution is not to save money and buy a new press, which will ensure the smooth operation of the enterprise.

How will you decide on the premises?

We sorted out the equipment. Now it's time to think about where to place all the production equipment.

What should be considered when choosing a room?

Remember, you need to consider the location of the warehouse and workshop in the same room. For these purposes, you need 100-120 sq. m.

It is obvious that the production of paving slabs at home is nonsense.

Ceiling height> 3 m.

Water supply.

Water is essential both for forming concrete and for hygienic purposes.

Electricity - 3 phases.

The presence of space zoning.

It is necessary to separate the workshop area with a warehouse and a hygienic corner.

Convenient access to the warehouse.

You are in the business of making tiles, and transporting them is not an easy task. Take care of your customers - arrange a comfortable entrance.

Rent price for 1 sq. m. warehouse - 150 rubles. Respectively, room with an area of 100 sq. m. will cost 15,000 rubles / month.

Personnel for the manufacture of paving slabs

How many personnel are needed to service the workshop? To begin with, you need to figure out the volume of tiles that you are ready to produce per day.

For the work of the workshop, which produces 50 sq. m. tiles per day using a vibropress, you need to hire 3 employees:

The job of a sales manager and accountant will fall on your shoulders. When will the business start to bring stable income, you can hire specialists for these positions.

New to the paving industry

often make a lot of mistakes due to ignorance of technology.

The important manufacturer secrets in this video will help you avoid them!

Production of paving slabs: equipment, personnel, premises - financial calculations

968,800 rubles - start-up capital for starting a tile production. How much money should you spend on monthly injections?

Monthly investment in tile production

Every month, production will take 383,000 rubles away from you.

Calculation of profitability

50 sq. m tiles per day - 1,500 sq. m per month;
1 sq. m. costs 550 rubles;
"Dirty" income will be - 825,000 rubles;
"Clean" - 442,000 rubles;
payback period - 3 months.

The profitability is very high, which allows you to achieve a payback in 3 months and then work on expanding production. This is the most obvious plus of this business idea.

You learned the basics of how to organize production of paving slabs. Business plan- this is only a small part of the practical implementation of the project. Study the technological process, legislative component and start working on your case today.

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Where to buy raw materials for tiles?

Government assistance in business this direction.

Organization of a mini business, how to open a workshop:

Line for the production of ceramic tiles.
Staff for mini production.

Finance & Development:
Financial plan.
Profit and payback period.

Development and improvement of this business.

Production ceramic products can be attributed as the most ancient craft. And tile remains one of the most popular ceramic products. The demand for this product has not dropped at all for a very long time, not only for its attractive appearance, but also for such properties as hygiene, increased wear resistance, strength and fire resistance.

Despite the centuries-old history of this product, the basics of making tiles are practically the same for each manufacturer. The only difference between a cheaper and more expensive product is the quality of the raw materials themselves. To figure out what kind of materials were used for the manufacture of tiles, it is enough to look at the finished product.

If there are small dots on the surface, single foreign inclusions, color inhomogeneity and blurring of the pattern occur, then materials of lower quality were used for the manufacture of this tile sample.

The main raw materials for the manufacture of ceramic tiles are the following elements:

1. Kaolin and clay are the main raw materials for making tiles;

2. Quartz sands - added to the main raw materials to obtain the effect of shrinkage;

3. Slag, nepheline, feldspar - these are fluids that are used to obtain the effect of lowering the sintering temperature;

4. Surfactants, thinners, mechanoactivating agents - these are special additives required for the manufacture of tiles.

The entire list of raw materials described above can be conditionally divided into the following groups:

1. Raw material from carbonate - gives a vitreous structure to the fired product;

2. Components of quartz - contribute to the formation of the "skeleton" of the tile;

3. Clay components - impart special plasticity to the mass, which makes it possible to obtain formed products in the future.

Depending on the type of clay components used, the body of the manufactured tile may differ. It can be white, red, or completely colorless. Ceramic tiles that have a red or brownish body are made from a special kind of red clay. White tiles are obtained by using kaolin. If you use several types of clay for the manufacture of tiles at the same time, you can get a body with a gray tint.

It is important to note that the color of the raw materials does not affect the quality of the final product at all. Of course, the price of a tile with a white body may differ from that of a tile with a red body, but only for commercial reasons. Namely, from the place of production of the product itself and the cost of its delivery. The only difference between the white case and the red case is that the first one is made with more precise geometric dimensions.

If we talk about glazed tiles, then the color is completely invisible under the glaze layer. But with an unglazed product, things are a little different. Such tiles are uniform throughout their entire thickness. Therefore, the aesthetic properties of the final product directly depend on the quality of the selected raw materials. Therefore, to obtain the color of the tiles, special dyes are used.

Where to buy raw materials for tiles?

You can buy raw materials for the manufacture of tiles both in our country and abroad. For example, kaolin is mined mainly in Great Britain, France and Germany. The quality of such material is, of course, excellent, but this will directly affect the final product and it will be more difficult to find a consumer. There are also clay deposits within our state. Which make it possible to supply all production facilities with high-quality raw materials, which are practically not inferior to their foreign counterparts. And its cost is much cheaper for both the manufacturer and the end consumer.

The quality of the clay is monitored by laboratories, which use modern equipment in the course of their work. That is why you should not look far, all the necessary components for the manufacture of ceramic tiles can be found within our state. For the purchase of the necessary raw materials for the manufacture of ceramic tiles, it is necessary to allocate about $ 6 thousand.

The process of producing ceramic tiles is quite simple. For the manufacture of tiles, they take various types of clay, with the addition of additional components, depending on its type and purpose. Using industrial equipment all components are pressed under high pressure with further firing in a special oven at a certain temperature.

Modern production suggests several methods of making ceramic tiles, depending on the type of product required.

The main types are:

1. Bikottura - interior wall cladding is used;

2. Monocottura - for wall cladding inside the building, for the floor;

3. Monoporosis for facade cladding;

4. Clinker tiles for pools, bathrooms, pilaf;

5. Cotto - for facing facades;

6. Kiremichesky granite - for the floor.

The name Bikkotura means enameled ceramic tiles. It is classified as a product of low strength, therefore, it is most often used for interior wall decoration in a room. The manufacturing technology of this type of tile involves pressing and double firing.

During the first stage - this is pressing and initial firing, only the body of the tile is made. After that, specialists take linear measurements to correct the parameters of the product. Samples that have the wrong parameters are sent as rejects for the manufacture of second-class tiles.

Tile standard sizes goes through a secondary firing stage, which helps to fix the enamel on the base of the tile. Such a layer not only gives the product an aesthetic beauty, but also prevents deterioration under the influence of moisture. The last stage of production is checking the product for defects and further packaging the product.

Monocotture can be somewhat compared to the above type of tile, but during its manufacture there is no re-firing step. But this type refers to a more wear-resistant and shock-resistant product. For its manufacture, a mixture of several types of clay with various necessary additives is used. Raw materials are mixed in drums to obtain a homogeneous mass and moistened. Then there is a stage of drying and further grinding of raw materials in professional vertical silos. The resulting mixture is transferred through a dispenser onto a conveyor belt and sent to the mold. There, all raw materials are distributed over the entire area and shape of the stamped product.

The last step is drying the tiles in a special chamber and applying a layer of enamel. Then the product is baked in an oven at a temperature of 1200 ° C and the finished product is gradually cooled. After this stage, the tile acquires the required hardness and the enamel layer is fixed on the body of the product. All processes take place under the close supervision of modern equipment. After baking, the tiles are subjected to defectoscopic and visual control... The tiles are then marked and packaged.

Monoporosa is also a type of tile using a single firing step. A distinctive feature is the use of slightly different components in the manufacture of the product. This allows you to change the thickness of the tile and its physical properties. This manufacturing technology makes it possible to produce ceramic tiles of large size and almost perfect shape and proportions.

This tile is additionally subjected to the technological process of ratification - this is the stage of additional processing of the edges of the product. It takes place on special machines where the edges of the product are cut. This stage allows you to make a product that has an ideal shape, which greatly facilitates the process of laying the product.

Such a type as clinker tiles is made from heterogeneous types of clay with the addition of special oxidants and dyes, as well as flux and chamotte. The product is formed by extrusion. This stage is carried out by forcing the finished semi-finished product through special extruders. The finished product has low porosity, due to which it acquires properties such as wear resistance and resistance to mechanical stress. The area of application of this type of tile is floors, stairs, pool bottoms and more.

Cotto tiles are also produced by extrusion. Its components are based on several types of natural clay. The main positive point of this type of tile are its aesthetic qualities. Therefore, it is widely used for the reconstruction of buildings and premises, in the construction of structures in the old style.

This type of tile, such as ceramic granite, is made from a mixture of white clay, quartz, feldspar and kaolin. This type of tile belongs to products that have increased mechanical resistance. The only thing is that the finished products do not differ at all in the texture and appearance of the drawing. Most often, porcelain stoneware does not lend itself to the glaze stage. It is used for cladding facades of premises, as well as areas that can be subject to severe wear during operation (floors, stairs).

The planned financial capital directly depends on the type of ceramic tiles that the company intends to manufacture.

Video, ceramic tile production technology:

Today, polyurethane molds are widely used for the manufacture of ceramic tiles. The growing tile industry is focused exclusively on high quality products. That is why, today, a mold for tiles is made from polyurethane. Such forms mimic as much as possible natural materials(with the help of which the tiles were made earlier).

It often happens that manufacturers can produce various forms of tiles in limited quantity or made according to the order of the consumer. It could be like standard forms tiles (square, rectangle, square with rounded or beveled edges), and completely non-standard forms for the manufacture of tiles, made to order.

The following requirements are imposed on the forms:

1. Resistance to abrasives and alkalis;

2. High elasticity;

3. Resistance to fractures, deformation and tear;

4. Possibility of carrying out a large number of technological cycles (most often more than 1000).

All of the above requirements are met by polyurethane molds for the manufacture of ceramic tiles for both internal and external work. That is why tile manufacturers choose such modern and durable products.

State assistance in business in this area.

Today, many novice entrepreneurs can use state support... And for this, the country has provided a number of opportunities. These are special programs to help young entrepreneurs, which include several areas of support:

1. Subsidy;

2. Credit;

3. Property;

4. Training;

5. Support for export.

Although there are many more applicants than the state assumes the state. Yet many have a chance to get the support they want. You can consider the support options in more detail.

First of all, this is financial assistance (subsidies or loans for small businesses). It can be used by a businessman who is already in the register of entrepreneurs (no more than two years ago). In this case, you can refer to young businessman and you are eligible for government support. Sum financial aid for residents of Moscow can be up to $ 7 thousand. For residents of the regions, this amount is about $ 4 thousand. All funds can be allocated to an entrepreneur only on condition of co-financing. This means the need to simultaneously invest in the project and their own hard-earned money. Such funds give the right to use it as renting premises, equipping workplaces, purchasing equipment and more.

Additionally, the state offers to help with property. Most often, this is the provision of production areas on a preferential basis, which are on the balance sheet of the city. For this, the selected premises are offered to entrepreneurs on competitive terms. And rental rates in this case are much lower than market rates. The winner of such an auction receives the premises for use on special, preferential terms. It is important that having received the premises in which it is necessary to conduct renovation work, you can be fully eligible for co-financing.

The state also offers its assistance in training. To understand the basics of the tiling business, you need professional training. And the state is ready to come to the rescue. Such training can take the form of lectures, seminars, and legal advice. It is important that such training is completely free and can help young businessmen master the basics entrepreneurial activity.

Additionally, government assistance can be provided to support exports. In this case, such government assistance may come in handy already at the stages of production of finished products and the possibility of their further marketing. Most often, the state offers preferential terms for the export of manufactured products.

Below are real examples state aid:

1. Compensation of expenses for participation in exhibition events;

2. Subsidy for the compensation of all costs associated with the payment of interest on the loan and the development of leasing of production equipment;

3. Subsidy for reimbursement of costs associated with the purchase or modernization of equipment;

4. Grants for young entrepreneurs to reimburse the costs associated with the sale of goods or the provision of various services;

5. Subsidy for connection to the electrical network and much more.

All of the above opportunities for obtaining state aid are held on preferential terms.

To organize a business for the production of tiles, it is necessary to rent a room of about 100-120 m2. This area will be enough to arrange the necessary equipment, properly organize workplaces for staff, allocate space for storing raw materials and finished ceramic tiles, as well as allocate a corner for office space. There is no need to impose special requirements on the choice of this room. It is important that the ventilation system works well there and the room is dry in order to provide comfortable conditions for storing raw materials and materials.

The height of the ceilings can be from 3.5 to 4 meters. Higher wall heights are necessary. There is also a need for all communications: water, heating in winter, sewerage. It is important that the power line can withstand 380 W for normal equipment operation.

You can also highlight several mandatory requirements for the production facility, where the manufacture of ceramic tiles will be carried out:

1. The presence of opening sash sashes or vents in window openings for ventilation in the room;

2. Availability of several exits for the possibility of personnel evacuation in case of danger to life or health;

3. The roofs of the building itself must have perimeter fences with a height of at least 60 cm;

4. Roofs must be equipped with a special device for the removal of atmospheric precipitation;

5. Floors in production and warehouse must be even, several and necessarily of increased strength;

6. Workplaces of personnel should be equipped with heat-protective mats;

7. The covering of walls and floors should allow for the possibility of regular wet cleaning of the premises;

8. Industrial premises must be equipped with fire safety equipment.

The rental cost of such premises is about $ 220 per month. It is better to choose premises far outside the city or in an industrial area.

Line for the production of ceramic tiles.

To launch a mini factory for the production of ceramic tiles, it is important to purchase the following equipment without fail:

1. Concrete mixers.
This equipment allows you to uniformly mix the raw material for the production of tiles using special blades. This equipment can be of different sizes. For a mini-factory for the production of tiles, it is enough to purchase 2-3 concrete mixers, each costing about $ 560.

2. Vibrating machine.
The main purpose of this type of machine is the formation of future tiles from a semi-finished product. The technological process of making tiles provides for the movement of the main raw materials into special forms, where, under the influence of vibration, the product is formed. The cost of the vibrating machine is $ 5.5 thousand;

3. Furnaces for drying and firing the product.
The semi-finished product of the finished tile is placed in a special oven for drying and subsequent disposal of excess moisture. When purchasing this equipment, it is better to opt for a furnace that uses hot air for drying. This stage adds strength finished product... The kilns are designed as a tunnel. When the finished tile enters the conveyor, it is fired at more than 900 o C. The cost of the kiln for drying and firing is about $ 1.7 thousand;

4. Chamber for glazing tiles and drawing pictures.
Today, manufacturers of modern equipment offer wide choose special machines that are able to apply a layer of glaze using the most different methods: bucket, conical, embossed or die-cut. The choice of this equipment fully depends on the allocated finances. The cost of such equipment starts at $ 1.2 thousand.

The above set of equipment can be attributed to the minimum for opening a mini tile factory. But its cost is quite high - $ 10.1 thousand. If you want to offer consumers more unique products and make a profit not for production volumes, then you will need to purchase two more types of equipment for the production of tiles:

1. Upgraded spray chamber;

2. An additional set of stencils for applying a unique pattern.

In this case, another $ 6,000 should be added to the total cost of the equipment.

It is important to note that it is best to choose the most automated equipment. But the cost will be higher. Alternatively, at the dawn of business development, you can give preference to partially mechanized labor. And only sweat, at the time of profit and business development, you can purchase more modern devices.

Video of what the full cycle equipment looks like for the production of ceramic tiles:

Staff for mini production.

Regarding the staff, 3-4 people are needed to organize the production process. They will be able to fully exercise control production processes: mortar mixing, pouring into special forms, control of such technological processes as vibrocompression, drying and firing. Also, operators on the line will check the received products at the time of defects, reject non-standard products and pack the finished ceramic tiles.

There is no need to impose special requirements on operators. Experience in this area and a minimum amount of knowledge are enough. There is a need to hire a quality controller for manufactured products. An employee of this specification must have experience and knowledge in this area. There is also a need for a minimum number of auxiliary workers (1-2 people) to carry out loading and unloading operations. For execution organizational issues you will need an accountant, manager, secretary. Wage the number of employees is about $ 3 thousand.

The target audience for this business is all kinds of construction outlets and individuals... Therefore, to organize the marketing activities of a business in this direction, you can use all advertising tools. First of all, this is the creation of your own web resource. An important point to get around the competition is the constant promotion of the site.

Consumers can also be influenced by radio and television commercials. Additionally, you can post advertising articles and publications in popular newspapers and magazines. Additionally, it is worth taking part in exhibitions and seminars. At such events, you can not only advertise the manufactured ceramic tiles, but also learn something new and interesting for your business. Trips to such foreign events will not be superfluous, where you can learn about new technologies for making tiles and modern materials... It is worth approaching the implementation of marketing activities with special approach it is even possible to entrust such work to a specialist in the industry. In order to promote your production as quickly as possible and get the maximum profit. For marketing, you need to allocate at least $ 300.

Sales of ceramic tiles.

There are several main consumers of ceramic tiles:

1. Individuals;

2. Companies offering construction or renovation services;

3. Construction markets;

4. Hardware stores and supermarkets.

This is the main the target audience for the sale of ceramic tiles. As you know, it is most profitable to sell manufactured products to a wholesale buyer. And the higher the batch, the greater the profit for the firm.

Financial plan.

To organize a mini tile factory, you need to invest the following amount of funds:

1. Rent of production and office space - $ 220 per month;

2. Expenses for the purchase of equipment - $ 10.1 thousand;

3. Working capital with monthly payments - $ 3.5 thousand;

4. Permitting documents for business development - $ 400;

5. Marketing Activity - 300 $;

6. The salary of workers - $ 3 thousand;

7. Raw materials and materials - $ 6 thousand;

8. Taxes - $ 170;

9. Other expenses - $ 200.

The main investment amount is $ 24 thousand.

Profit and payback period.

The profitability of this production is about 45%. A small enterprise can produce tiles for the amount of $ 27 thousand every month. From this amount, you can deduct the monthly operating costs - $ 3.2 thousand. You also need to subtract variable costs in the amount of $ 12 thousand. The balance sheet profit from all sales is $ 13,000. Based on the above data, the maximum profit of the enterprise can sell $ 27.5 thousand. But, after deducting all expenses, the share of the enterprise remains about $ 8 thousand.

Based on practice, experts have proven that a mini ceramic tile factory can fully recoup its initial investment in 12 months after the start of production. But this payback can only be obtained in cases of ideal circumstances. This is when all sales routes are fully functional and established from the very first day of operation of the equipment. But, more often than not, young entrepreneurs in the development of a business in this area may face a number of obstacles. It could be seasonality. After all, everyone knows that repair and construction works most often conducted during the warm season. Therefore, it may happen that Production Line can stagnate in autumn and winter. Therefore, so that this does not happen with your production, it is important to start the production of ceramic tiles in the spring and put the maximum amount of effort into the development of marketing activities.

Business development.

For business development in this area, you can implement a project for the production of custom-made ceramic photo tiles. In total, to open a direction for the production of photographic tiles, an additional amount of $ 4.8 thousand must be invested. This amount will include the acquisition necessary equipment, raw materials and the implementation of promotional activities. Any pattern can be applied to tiles of this type and instead of ordinary tiles, a bright and colorful panel can be obtained. Photo tiles have a number of advantages over standard tiles:

1. The ability to apply any pattern;

2. High quality of the finished product;

3. Resistance of the drawing to abrasion;

4. Resistance to moisture and durability of the product.

The manufacturing technology of such a tile is quite simple. Modern tendencies allow you to apply a pattern by direct printing onto ceramic tiles using a special printer. For the future panel, tiles of a light shade are used. Its surface is cleaned and degreased. Using a spray gun, a layer of precoat varnish is applied.

Then the tiles are dried in an oven at a temperature of 150 ° C. Next, the tile is taken to the table of a special printer. After drawing the pattern, the product is re-dried. The process itself takes no more than an hour.

To make tiles, you need to purchase the following equipment:

1. Spray gun - $ 30;

2. Printer for printing on ceramics - $ 3.7 thousand;

3. Drying oven - $ 600;

4. Computer and special software - 450 $.

The services of an enterprise for the production of ceramic photo tiles require additional advertising. First of all, for this you can use radio advertising and the creation of an Internet site.

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