Rules for selling fresh fish on the street. Business plan for selling fish. What equipment do you need to purchase?

Selling fish as a business is rarely taken seriously by anyone, but in vain: it is in this area that the competition is not so high - this is not the tenth one you will open in the microdistrict. Reconomica I interviewed a small shopkeeper who opened her fish stall 3 years ago and is now making good money.

All people are different, our heroine didn’t really want to reveal secrets and figures about her business, but we kept asking for a long time, so it turned out to be partly a first-person story, and partly an interview in question-and-answer format.

Hello, my name is Anastasia, I am 32 years old, I live in the city of Yekaterinburg. I want to tell you about my experience in the fish trade.

This idea of starting my own business came to me thanks to my parents. They offered to give money for the opening. Enough time has passed. While the paperwork was being completed, the equipment was being prepared, and the SES was being contacted, 5 months passed.

Opening costs were high. We expected that not everything would be perfect from the beginning, and that people would not give in, and that’s how it was. A maximum of 5 people came in per day, but they planned to sell 10 or more kilograms per day, according to calculations this came out to at least 25 thousand rubles, but they sold for 4 thousand in total. But, after two weeks, people began to visit more often and the result soon exceeded initial expectations.

No, today our fish trading business has been operating for 3 years and we are planning to move forward. And now I will tell you what difficulties there were, what happened and what should not be done, as well as how to avoid this or that problem that may arise.

The main problems are to find a normal supplier and fight off competitors

This problem has always been, is and will be relevant in the fishing business. So, it was for me that there were problems when opening a store and starting work supplier and competition .

Competition in retail business

Oh, how much you can hear from people trying to save their business...

It was like this: my husband and I decided to open our own business, after thinking a little, we decided to start fishing. Well, we think that now things will go uphill, but that was not the case. A month later from the date of our opening, a man came and began to threaten and demand moral compensation. To the logical question about why this suddenly happened, an interesting answer followed:

You stole my clients, which means either money or worse!

We didn’t struggle with this “problem” for long. I’ll say right away that, unfortunately, we didn’t succeed in trying to harm this man on our own; we didn’t stoop to that level. We found a brilliant way!!! During the next conversation, I recorded everything on a tape recorder and started blackmailing: if you don’t leave us alone, I’ll go to the police with this recording.

It seemed like everything had calmed down, but after this conversation not even a month had passed before they started to trading platform paint everything with profanity. It was clear who was the culprit of this celebration, but it was impossible to prove. And as luck would have it, they ended up at a loss. You could say they worked for rent. They thought that this man had set everything up and decided to get rid of competition with us. But he himself had problems and was on the verge of bankruptcy. People stopped coming to him altogether because of the poor quality of the product.

Selecting a supplier and maintaining a range of fish products

The second problem is low-quality suppliers. In general, their essence is this: to get more money out of you. Many inflate prices, bring either rotten fish and prove that it has spoiled, or the wrong products that were ordered, and most importantly, they cannot deliver exactly on the date and time agreed upon.

We initially looked for suppliers via the Internet. The first supplier met the deadlines, always delivered when needed, the price was average, but, on the other hand, at least he didn’t inflate it. And recently we began to notice that a couple of fish per shipment were not fresh.

We talked to the guy - he says:

It spoiled for you, but I brought it fresh. All our products are of the first freshness!

Well, I think it's okay. We found another supplier, but didn’t like the price. The man inflated the price for delivery so much that it almost covered the purchase price.

We looked on the Internet from other areas - and lo and behold, we found a good supplier with an adequate price, a large selection of products, and most importantly, everything is fresh!!! We decided to try, trying is not torture, and signed an agreement with him. During the entire time that our business has been operating, there have been no low-quality products, everything was always delivered on time and the price, interestingly, did not skyrocket to exorbitant prices; we also gave a discount for long-standing joint work.

Try to find directly, negotiate with the owners of private ponds.
Most often, entrepreneurs order goods with delivery from bases.
Look through your friends and in other areas of your city.
The assortment will be an important factor. U good suppliers There should be a variety of goods for every taste and color, because the main “thought” of a fish stall is to please the client.

The more product selection, the better! There should be fish on the counter, in all types (fresh, frozen, dried, smoked). Don't forget about seafood (mussels, shrimp, crayfish, etc.).

These are the two problems we faced in business. Experience comes with time, and given time our stall is profitable and does not cause such problems as it did initially. If you still decide to get into the fishing business, then I immediately say, be patient. Just choosing a supplier is worth it. Everywhere has its difficulties and problems, but overcome them, and you will begin a white and profitable streak.

Fishing business FAQ. All the key points and real numbers for the business plan

Question: What is the average purchasing price per kilogram of fish? Average selling price?

Answer: Purchase price is 140 rubles per kg, we sell for 250 rubles.

Question: What types of fish are the most popular?

Answer: Salmon: trout, salmon, they also take carp well.

Question: What is the average profit small store per month?

Answer: Last month [before the interview - October 2017] we earned 112,000 rubles.

Question: How much fish do you sell per day? What is the maximum daily revenue for the entire time the store was open?

Answer: Differently. The maximum revenue for 3 years was before the New Year in 2016, the amount was about 15,000 rubles.

Question: What are the total costs of opening a fish trading outlet?

Answer: The total cost of opening my fish shop was 800,000 rubles, of which the purchase and installation of equipment was more than 250,000, and the preparation of all necessary documentation was 7,000 rubles.

Question: What is the turnover rate of frozen fish?

Answer: Per month per update inventory We spend from 10 to 20 thousand approximately.

Question:How much do you pay for rent?

Answer: Rental of premises and communal payments- 23,500 rubles in total.

Question: What do SES and Rospotrebnadzor require from an entrepreneur?

Answer: The store premises must have sewerage and water supply, ventilation, air conditioning, lighting, layout, and equipment. It is necessary to ensure storage of products, checks on expiration dates, timely sale of products, hygienic requirements(must have hats and gloves) It’s a long and pointless story. Here is a link that details everything beginners need to know.

Question: Do officials and inspection bodies extort bribes?

Answer: There were attempts to extort bribes, but it didn’t work, since everything in my store was in accordance with GOST.

Question: When are the store's peak hours? Is there seasonality in this business?

Answer: Peak hours are from 5 to 7 pm, people come home from work and grab fish to immediately cook dinner. There is no particular seasonality, but there is a so-called crisis.

Question:Have you hired salespeople or are you going to work every day?

Answer: I go to work myself, so I earn more money.

Question: What is the average check per customer? How many kilograms of fish does the average buyer take?

Answer: On average, the buyer leaves 1000 rubles, but there are both more and less. Very often they take 3-4 kg.

Question: How many goods spoil and are thrown away in a month after choosing a normal supplier?

Answer: Again, it depends on the clients, but from 2 kg is thrown away every month for sure.

Memo for Beginners

Let's talk the main points on which the success of your future enterprise depends.

There is no need to set up or rent a place to sell next to another stall (there may be unnecessary hassles - why do you need a war at the early stage of developing your business?)
If, after all, there are fish stalls not far away, then I advise you not to threaten, but to try to sort things out in a lighter tone, and it is best not to get involved in a war.
Is the owner of the “neighborhood” stall not affectionate and tactful in his statements with you? Well, in my opinion, there is no way around this without mutual threats.
Do not rent a place for your business right next to a supermarket, it may also not cause much trouble. a good relationship with security, which will be sent by the administrator/owner of the supermarket.
Install surveillance cameras, this can greatly facilitate the search for scoundrels.

What is needed for a successful and profitable fishing business?

Location away from supermarkets, shops, stalls, etc.
Find good, competent and high-quality suppliers (we were unlucky the first time)
It is worth renting a room at a high traffic point.
Only fresh, high-quality, tasty and unusual products should be behind the counter.

Let's summarize

So , in order to open your own business, you need to work hard, and in order for all processes to work like clockwork in the future, you need to try to follow these points, and then you will be able to avoid the problems that arose for me when mastering a small business business.

Interview with the founder of the Tsarskaya Ryba company German Smirnov

Selling and processing fish is a complex business in which losses often occur. Before starting your own business, you should calculate all risk factors and draw up detailed business plan. It is extremely difficult to compete with large companies; the solution is to stand out from them or attract buyers with a low price.

The Tsarskaya Ryba company has been actively operating for more than eight years. During this time, the products have firmly established themselves in the premium segment and found regular customers. We met with the owner of the company, German Smirnov, and talked with him about running a business.

Main points of the interview

Kind of activity: trade and processing of fish products
Business location: Russia, Bryansk
Occupation before starting a business: Sales Manager
start date entrepreneurial activity: 2008
Organizational and legal form of doing business: individual entrepreneur
Initial investment amount: 5 million rubles (to start production)
Source of initial capital: own savings
Payback period: two years
Formula for success: Carefully study the industry, your competitors, identify potential buyers, suppliers and the sales market.

Hello Herman. Tell us, when and why did you decide to become a businessman?

As a child, my family moved to Bryansk from Kazakhstan. Naturally, the question of finding a job immediately arose. My father got a job in a large company in the construction industry, and after a while began to develop own business and quite successfully. Of course, I acquired a certain experience and character from my father, because the example of parents is the most indicative for a child. In general, everyone in my family is involved in business, and everyone has chosen a different field of activity.

At the age of 18 I started working in construction company father, but I didn’t like this activity. Still, each person should choose a direction taking into account their interests and talents; most of all, I liked selling. That's why I initially got a job as a sales manager in large company. I bought enough there good experience, completed many trainings and soon took the position of head of the sales department. Having an excellent understanding of sales, I was weak in management, but thanks to the study of specialized literature, I filled this gap. Then the moment came when I decided to invest the money I earned and start a business.

At first, I had to work in multitasking mode; all entrepreneurs initial stage- accountants, loaders, managers and delivery drivers rolled into one. Of course, a lot here depends on the site; the larger it is, the more tasks there are. I now mean businessmen who do not use credit funds, like us. Perhaps the company’s growth rate was not so high because of this, but we did not take out loans, but gradually invested the funds we earned in development.

For several years I traded only red caviar, then this niche was practically free in Bryansk, and I managed to become a leader. Right choice industry influenced my further development, then we decided to also engage in fish production. The company's activities are not limited to this; we also engage in resale - we have contracts for the supply of chicken, pork, beef, that is, we are representatives of factories. But this is secondary, the profile is fish.

What motivated you to become an entrepreneur - financial independence or something else?

First of all, I wanted more freedom, I didn’t want to follow someone’s whims and instructions, come to work at eight o’clock, and I always felt a slight dislike for bosses. I wanted to be a boss myself, and my dream since childhood was to create a large corporation.

What kind of fish do you mainly sell?

Fish are mainly of biological species - herring, mackerel, anchovy, capelin, trout, salmon and much more. We offer almost the entire range of popular fish that is in demand among mass buyer. We do not sell rare and little-known varieties; we focus on what people like. For example, smoked omul is sometimes found in stores, but these are very tiny quantities. There is a certain cost of the product, which is determined not only by the cost of raw materials, but also by production technology, documentation is required, necessary technical specifications, certification, labels need to be developed, which increases the cost of the product. But the main thing is demand, and if there is no demand, then there is no point in producing the product.

Your company is an incomplete cycle enterprise, that is, you buy fish and process it. Where do you purchase products?

Most of the products are supplied from Murmansk, also Greenland, the Faroe Islands, Kaliningrad, salmon and trout are purchased in Karelia.

Where do you distribute your products?

We have distributors in Moscow, Kaluga, Tula, Orel, Smolensk and Zheleznogorsk. In Bryansk, our fish is represented to a lesser extent, since we cannot compete with large factories in terms of volume. We are more about quality, so we are represented minimally in networks.

How long did it take for the business to become self-sustaining?

In about two years.

A few years ago you opened your own fish processing shop. What was the reason for this decision?

For about six years we were only selling red caviar, but gradually we came to the conclusion that it was necessary to expand and increase volumes. And as soon as free funds appeared, we decided to open a small workshop.

Advantages own production are obvious - this is your personal trademark, we can control the quality and properties of the product.

How do you stand out from your competitors?

We have now launched the project network marketing(http://king-fish.org) when sales are made using a fish catalogue. We have consultants who offer people products from the catalog, after which the order is delivered to the required address. Products in the catalog are presented at the same price as in stores, delivery is free. Naturally, consultants receive a percentage of sales.

The minimum order from the catalog starts from 500 rubles, you can also become a client of our club and receive a 20% discount. Of course, selling fish through a catalog is not as profitable as, for example, cosmetics; you have to invest additional funds for delivery and ensure the safety of the fish.

This idea came to me before the New Year; many people approached me with a request to sell high-quality caviar and salmon, since store-bought products did not suit them. Stores are usually not interested in quality, they want a low price. And we offer to receive fresh products from production at market prices. And every day our promising network marketing project is gaining momentum.

Your products are not represented in all stores. What is this connected with?

Chain stores are now popular, and in order to attract buyers they must put an attractive price tag. But each product has a certain cost, and often reducing the price is not possible without compromising quality. For example, we produce only premium-segment caviar, because after a long study of the psychology of sales, I came to the conclusion that selling cheap caviar simply does not make sense. A person buys caviar for a holiday, some significant event, and he wants to savor and enjoy the real taste, and not receive a dubious product of unclear quality.

What are the pros and cons of the fishing industry?

Fish is a popular product, everyone eats it, which means there will always be demand.

The downside is the raw materials, since fish is a perishable product. In addition to improper storage, fish are often affected by calanus - small plankton that eats the fish carcass and makes it soft. This crustacean is safe for humans, but after infection the products deteriorate in quality and are unsuitable for use. Therefore, the main thing is high-quality raw materials, and good raw materials cost a lot of money.

Is there seasonality in the fishing industry?

Yes, in the summer, sales of salted and smoked fish are greatly reduced, but dried fish sells well. The low season lasts from May to August.

What obstacles did you encounter when starting a business?

There are plenty of pitfalls. Gradually, a shortage of valuable personnel began to be clearly felt; you seem to explain to employees how to do a task, but they do it in their own way. An extremely small number of people can do exactly what an entrepreneur wants, since wage-earners do not delve into other people's thoughts and ideas. Therefore, it is important to clearly define the problem and ways to solve it.

Of course, now the consumer basket of the average buyer has changed a little, with an emphasis on cheaper products. The domestic market is now experiencing a decline in all industries; it is only good for those companies that export. If we talk about expensive fish - salmon and trout, then the volumes have dropped by about 50 percent. For example, people used to regularly include trout or salmon in their everyday menu, now many people replace it with pink salmon. Shoppers do not reduce the size of their baskets, but simply replace them with other products from the same line. In a changing economy, it is profitable to produce cheaper products. It is important to be able to adapt to the interests of the buyer.

For example, smoked mackerel is always in demand, and it is usually sold without the head. We tried to sell it with the head, but it was 30-40% cheaper, and it began to sell out much faster, although this is just a trick and a psychological moment, because at home, the head of the mackerel is still cut off, and the impression that this fish is cheaper will remain.

All buyers are divided into three categories. The first includes people who come to the store and say, give me the best quality, the price doesn’t matter. The latter choose a quality product, but at a reasonable price. And still others are interested in the cheapest product, quality comes last. If you believe the statistics, the first group is 20% of the total population, and groups 2 and 3 are 40% each.

Is there a chance for a novice entrepreneur to build successful business now, in a difficult economic situation?

A lot depends on the brand and price segment. Of course, it is better to enter the market with low prices. It is enough to offer goods 10-20% below the average cost, and you will occupy a certain niche, but the cost of the goods in this case will be lower. The only question is, will such a strategy be beneficial for a novice entrepreneur?

Can everyone do business or does it require certain skills?

I think not everyone, this requires a certain worldview, the right environment and experience. It is also important to calculate everything correctly, especially now in a changed economy, every detail is important.

The relevance of fish practically does not decrease over time. Therefore, a business selling it could potentially become profitable idea. To determine the prospects and return on investment, it is necessary to draw up a business plan for selling fish. We will give an example of such a business plan, on the basis of which the prospects for the development of this type of business and the estimated payback of the project will be visible.

Project Summary

The main points in justifying a business plan for a fish store are the choice of location, selection of suppliers and equipment for proper storage of goods.

Our fish store will open in big city. The store will be located on the 1st floor of an apartment building, next to other grocery stores, in a large residential area of the city.

The assortment in the store will consist of fresh, smoked, dried and dried fish.

Main competitors:

Similar fish shops in the area.
Points of private fishermen on the market.
Supermarkets (fish department).

Main business risks:

There are many risks in any business, so it is necessary to foresee and calculate them in advance. In a business plan for selling fish with calculations, it is necessary to include the costs of advertising budget and additional costs.

Registration of activities

You can open a fish store only after registering with the tax authority. In the application, you must select the form of entrepreneurial activity, indicating OKVED code 52.23.1 “Retail trade in fish and seafood”, and pay a state fee of 800 rubles.

Since the store will sell perishable food products, it is necessary to obtain permission from Rospotrebnadzor. Also, to launch a store, you will need permission from the fire inspectorate to comply with the requirements and standards of fire safety in the premises.

Fish with a quality certificate must be accepted from suppliers, otherwise you will have to pay large fines or close the store altogether.

Registration of permits will cost 10 thousand rubles.

Search for premises

Our store is in active passable place in a large area of the city near the bus stop public transport and, preferably, next to a food market. It is important that there is no similar store nearby, otherwise the struggle for a buyer will be serious and will take a lot of time, effort and money.

We will rent a room with a total area of 40 square meters. m, the cost of which will be about 30,000 rubles per month. The premises will consist of trading floor area of 30 sq. m and 10 sq. m of warehouse with refrigeration equipment. We sign a lease for a year with the option to buy the premises if the owner sells it. We pay 2 months in advance

When choosing a premises, we fundamentally look at the availability of working sewerage and water supply. It will also be important to have good ventilation.

The room needs some minor cosmetic repairs: paint the walls, repair the floors. We are allocating another 20,000 rubles for materials to redecorate the premises.

Initially, you need to spend 80,000 rubles on the premises. Starting from the 3rd month, payment will be only for 1 month of rent and utilities (10 thousand rubles), a total of 40,000 rubles.

Product range

The range of products sold will be relatively stable, but changes are possible depending on the season and demand for specific items. For example, in the colder months there will be more offerings of smoked and salted fish, seafood salads, and seaweed. In the summer, purchases of dried and dried fish, fish chips, etc. will be increased. Statistics show that in summer the demand for fish decreases by at least 15%. For this reason, the option of purchasing additional olives and pickles by weight will be considered.

The most common types of fish: fresh mackerel, herring, hake and other fish that customers can cook at home themselves. Salted fish also goes away quite quickly.

Main assortment of the store:

Fresh fish.
Smoked fish.
Sun-dried and dried fish.
Cancers.
Mussels.
Other.

Representatives of each category must be present at the store counter.

We will purchase from local fishermen, with whom we will enter into a cooperation agreement.

The first purchase of goods is planned for the amount of 300,000 rubles.

Search for commercial equipment

The store must purchase reliable refrigeration equipment that will ensure the safe storage of fresh and prepared fish. After all, it is important that the fish is stored at the correct temperature, which depends on its type and readiness.

We will estimate the costs using the table

Name	price, rub.
Refrigerated display case (2 pcs.)	14 000
Refrigerator compartment with ice makers (used)	7 000
Cold cabinet for storing salted and dry fish (used)	7 000
Fish cutting table	5 000
Counter	3 000
Rack for related products	4 000
electronic scales	5 000
Consumables (packaging, containers, knives, gloves, apron)	5 000
Seller's chair	2 000
Total	52 000

The equipment and the premises as a whole must be kept in perfect condition and cleaned daily.

In addition, the fish store needs a car. We have a personal vehicle that can be used to deliver fish.

Staff

A small fish store will not need many workers to operate. The owner himself, together with one hired employee, will be able to sell. When choosing a seller, you should pay attention to experience in selling fish products and the availability of a current health book. It is important that the seller is honest and attentive; the loyalty of the target audience depends on this.

In addition, the store will require a cleaning lady at the end of the working day.

Cost estimates for employees in the table:

Worker	Salary
Salesman	20 000
Cleaning lady for 2 hours a day	8 000
Night watchman	12 000
Total	30 000

Naturally, the entrepreneur himself will keep the accounting records; he will also select and purchase goods independently. The seller will not only sell, but also cut fish, so experience is required.

Advertising and Marketing

It is necessary to attract clients immediately from the opening day, because... fish is a perishable product; it cannot sit and wait for a long time. Therefore, we immediately launch all possible options for advertising the store. We focus on the residents of the area where the fish trade takes place. Advertising budget estimate:

Expenses and income

At this point of the business plan, we will compile summary tables of starting and monthly expenses, we will calculate the estimated profit from the 3rd month of operation and determine the profitability and profitability of the business.

Start-up costs

It is planned to allocate 482,000 rubles to start the business.

Monthly expenses

Income

From the first month, customers will be attracted, but normal flow and stable sales are expected from the 3rd month, when the store begins to be popular, satisfied customers will come again and again, and recommend the store to their friends.

We are planning sales:

Name	Price per kg	Quantity kg	Sum
Cold-smoked and hot-smoked mackerel	450	50	22 500
Herring salted	400	50	20 000
Fresh herring	300	20	6 000
Sushi bream.	400	10	4 000
Hake	300	50	15 000
Smoked perch	900	10	9 000
Taranka	300	15	4 500
Smoked herring	350	10	3 500
Fresh capelin	300	50	15 000
Smoked capelin	350	30	10 500
Tuna salted	1 200	5	6 000
Fresh tuna	1000	5	5 000
Salmon salted	1 300	10	13 000
Fresh mussels	1000	5	5 000
Other fish			50 000
Sea kale	250	30	7 500
Cancers	500	20	10 000
Total			206 500

Revenue per month will be 148,000. In addition, fish cleaning services will be provided at a price of 300 rubles/kg. You can earn another 9,000 from this. Total, 215,500 rubles. We subtract half from the purchase price and get 107,750 rubles.

Income minus expenses:

107750 – 80000 = 27 750.

We calculate the tax payment:

27,750 x 0.15 = 4,162 rubles.

Net profit will be:

27,750 – 4,162 = 23,588 rubles per month.

Let's calculate the profitability:

(23,588 / 80,000) x 100 = 35.74%.

This profitability for starting a fish store can be considered normal. There are plans to increase it to 100% by the 8th month of operation by increasing the range of fish and increasing the number of sales.

Let's calculate the payback period of the project:

28,588 / 288,000 = 9 months. After 9 months, the plans can recoup the investment. The payback period is quite long for these sales figures, however, subject to increasing the assortment, promoting the store, and attracting more customers, the payback period is planned to be reduced.

Eventually

A fish store can be made profitable, but this requires time, proper design and a strategic approach to business. The main difficulties are that fish is a perishable product, and every buyer wants to buy fresh fish. To provide quality goods, we will use good refrigerated cabinets and display cases and will not purchase fish, which have very little demand.

If the costs of the store pay off, we plan to implement home delivery of fish and open another similar one. point of sale in the city with additional services, several sellers and an aquarium with live fish.

Recommendations for determining the freshness of fish
How much can you earn
Retail technology
- - - Similar business ideas:

Analytical information: Since 2011, the consumption of fish and seafood in Russia has been growing by an average of 1.5% per year. According to experts, by 2015 the volume of fish sales will be about 4 million tons. Analysts attribute the increase in the turnover of wholesale and retail trade of fish to the growth of consumer demand, which is growing against the backdrop of an increase in catches and a transition to the consumption of cheaper and healthier fish rather than expensive meat. This is partly due to the popularization of healthy eating among the country's population. In the near future, demand for chilled fish is expected to increase, especially in regions where Japanese cuisine is actively developing.

Opening a business in the field of fish and seafood trade in Russia is quite a promising business. Moreover, in any format, be it a fish shop or a fish kiosk. To confirm this forecast, the following figures can be cited: each resident of Russia annually consumes up to 22 kg of fish, while a European consumes 30 kg, and a Japanese consumes more than 60 kg of fish per year.

Of course, opening a fish retail outlet cannot look spontaneous. First it is necessary to carry out a thorough marketing research territory, identify the presence of competition, determine market capacity. But determining demand is not the only critical first step. The presence of stable suppliers and profitable contracts for the supply of fish is also key moment when opening a fishing business. The choice of one supplier or another depends on the remoteness of the wholesale bases, the time and speed of product delivery (fish is a perishable product), and the company’s pricing policy.

The highlight is the delivery of products to your point. How will the fish be supplied? by you, the supplier or transport company? If the supplier does not offer its own fish supply services, you may have to purchase a refrigerated truck.

The next step is choosing the location of the fish department. The most preferable places are places with high traffic volumes, for example markets, bus stops. However, not only cross-country ability the most important indicator when choosing the location of a fishing point. The availability of free space and rental rates are also important. In this regard, opening a fish kiosk in a residential area of the city seems to be a completely profitable solution. Location in a residential area is usually aimed at attracting regular customers of this territory.

What documents are needed to open a fish department?

Certificate of registration of individual entrepreneur (LLC);
Title documents for non-residential premises (purchase and sale agreement, lease agreement, etc.);
Sanitary and epidemiological report with a list of products sold (must be in the sales area);
Conclusion on the compliance of the facility with the established fire safety requirements (issued by the Department of the State Fire Service of the city);
Certification of workplaces Sanitary rules SP 2.3.6.1066-01, laws of the Russian Federation “On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population” and “On the quality and safety of food products”;
Agreement on systematic cleaning and disinfection of air conditioning and ventilation systems;
Agreement for disinfestation, deratization and disinfection of premises;
Agreement for the recycling of fluorescent lamps;
Text of the Law of the Russian Federation “On the Protection of Consumer Rights” (in the sales area);
Telephone numbers of civil defense and emergency departments, the Central Internal Affairs Directorate, the FSB (in the sales area);
Agreements on the removal of bulky waste, food waste and solid waste;
Personal medical records for sellers with notes on the results of examinations and hygienic certification.

Next, you should consider the assortment of the outlet. Its list includes about 20 types of frozen fish (pollock, blue whiting, hake, tilapia), 10-12 types of fresh fish, about 10 types of smoked fish, as well as preserves, canned food, dried fish, squid, seafood cocktails, caviar and other fish delicacies. The most popular types of fresh fish: carp, pike perch, pink salmon, bream, greenling, sprat. Such fish can be purchased in large quantities.

Chilled fish is usually delivered in special foam boxes and lined with ice - this design allows you to keep it cold for a long time. To store chilled fish, a temperature of minus 5-7 degrees is required. Stores try to buy such goods in minimal quantities, since the sales period is only 72 hours. Store salted and smoked fish. And here's the most complex product- chilled fish, which must be sold within 12 hours after catch.

The arrival of the next batch of fish must be carefully checked for the presence of veterinary certificates, which the product supplier must attach. A veterinary certificate confirms the quality and nutritional suitability of the product. Without this accompanying document, retail trade in fish is prohibited.

Carefully examine the eyes of the fish - they should be convex, with a transparent cornea and a black, shiny pupil;
The scales should be shiny and fit tightly to the body of the fish;
The gills of the fish should be hard and bright red, without mucus.

Fish is a perishable product, so without refrigeration equipment not enough. These include: chest freezers, refrigerated display cases, special chambers.

What equipment to choose for this business

There must be at least two freezers: low and medium temperature. The optimal storage mode for frozen fish is minus 18 grams. - at this temperature the fish will last up to 6 months. Before sale, the product must undergo defrosting (defrosting) for 11 hours. In principle, this time can be reduced - the main thing is that the fish can be cut. In addition to refrigeration equipment, you will need specialized display cases (1.8-2.5 m) for displaying products, wall racks, and an aquarium for live fish (if necessary).

You can’t do without an ice maker - refrigeration equipment designed to produce edible ice. Trade enterprises use special flake and granular ice makers. The ice produced by the ice maker is used to display fresh fish and seafood. It keeps the product fresh and attracts the buyer's attention.

How much money do you need to start a business?

Total equipment costs for a small sales department amount to at least 200 thousand rubles. As for the total costs of starting a business, taking into account the renovation of the premises (purchase of a kiosk/pavilion) and the purchase of the first batch of goods, they will amount to at least 500 thousand rubles.

One cannot fail to mention the rules for displaying goods in the fish department. From a sanitation point of view, for everyone separate species fish (smoked and salted, frozen, chilled) are given their own refrigerator. The delicacy group should also be placed separately: squid, octopus, seafood cocktails, caviar, etc. Representatives of the fishing business recommend adhering to several simple rules for displaying goods. For example, the most expensive types of fish should be placed in the middle of the counter - that is, in the most visible place. Cheaper varieties can be placed along the edges of the counter. Seafood should not be mixed with fish, and fresh fish should not be mixed with ready-to-eat foods, such as salted or smoked fish.

Fish trading, for all its benefits, is quite a troublesome business. In their work, entrepreneurs have to deal with markdowns of goods and losses of profit, problems with timely delivery of goods, seasonal drops in demand and other force majeure situations. The risks in this business are perhaps among the highest in the trading industry. However, with a competent approach, knowledge of the seafood market and maintaining the quality of the product, it is quite possible to make a business profitable. Experts consider a wide range of outlets, reasonable prices and colorful presentation of goods to be the keys to success.

Step-by-step plan for starting a fish retail business

To start your own business retail trade the fish will need to go through the following stages:

register as individual entrepreneur. To do this, you need to submit an application, pay the state fee for its submission and consideration, provide a photocopy of the passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation;
rental of premises. A retail outlet in a food hall is best. This will save us from additional expenses on advertising. You can use your own premises, for example, buy or build a fish stall.
acquisition necessary equipment(refrigeration chambers and special display cases, aquariums for live fish and cash machine, ice maker and scales).
supplier search.

There are two options here:

the supplier delivers the goods independently;
We personally purchase fish at the trading base;

How much can you earn

With an initial investment of 450,000 rubles, that is, opening one retail outlet, the payback period is a year. After this time, the entrepreneur makes a net profit.

Which OKVED code to indicate when registering retail trade in fish?

When registering a business in the form of retail trade in fish, as of 2017, you must indicate code 47.23, which corresponds to retail trade in fish, crustaceans and molluscs.

Which tax system to choose

When choosing a taxation system when starting a fish retail business, the best warrant will be the simplified taxation system - a simplified taxation system. Here the entrepreneur has the opportunity to independently choose one of 2 tax deduction options:

6% of profit;
15% of the difference between income and expenses.

Do you need a permit to open a fish retail business?

To open your own fish retail business, you will need the following documents:

permission from the sanitary and epidemiological station on the compliance of the premises with the requirements;
permission from Rospotrebnadzor;
permission from the fire inspectorate on the compliance of the premises with fire safety requirements.

Every year, each Russian citizen eats an average of 22 kg of fish consumed, while a European eats 30 kg, and a Japanese eats more than 60 kilograms. This suggests that the domestic market is still not fully saturated with fish products. Hence, opening new stalls and shops selling fish and seafood can become a profitable business.

Basic preparation - market research, search for suppliers and good locations

It should be noted that it is impossible to do without preparation and market research in the region of proposed trade. Need to determine capacity fish market how big the competition will be. Stable demand is likely to be guaranteed. But this is not the only determining factor in making the final decision to open a fish retail outlet.

Reliable suppliers are the second main condition in this industry of trade. Good wholesale bases, fishing enterprises offering favorable prices, - the search for such objects is the most important starting point for starting to prepare a business. At the same time, the decision to choose a supplier should be influenced not only by prices, but also by its distance from the place of trade and methods of delivery of the product. Some wholesale companies are able to carry out their own delivery. Otherwise, you will have to purchase your own car with a refrigerator or enter into an agreement with a transport company that can ensure the delivery of fish products.

To sell products, you can install a fish stall or open a department in grocery store.

Fish is a perishable product, so it needs to be sold quickly, therefore, points should be located in areas with high traffic. Bus stops are one of the best options. Opening a fish stall in a residential area will also bring its benefits, since in this case the outlet will always have a circle of regular clientele.

Required Documentation

To open and work you will need a whole package of documents:

Registration certificate (this can be an LLC or individual entrepreneur).
Documents confirming the rights to this non-residential premises owned or used under a lease agreement.
Conclusion of the SES, which contains a list of all products sold. This document must be located directly on the sales floor.
Conclusion from municipal government fire service about the premises' compliance with fire safety standards.
Contracts for maintenance and disinfection of premises and ventilation systems.
Agreements for the removal of solid waste and food waste.
Store employees have health records.

Range

Buyers can be offered the following assortment:

Frozen fish. It is desirable that the list includes at least 15 species, and among them are those that use in great demand: hake, mackerel, herring, pollock, pink salmon, tilapia, blue whiting, greenling, sprat, capelin.
Freshly caught fish. It’s good if there are at least 10 species, and among them are carp, pike perch, crucian carp, and bream. Depending on the region and the species composition of fish caught in nearby reservoirs, the assortment will be different.
Smoked and dried fish and squid.
Canned food and preserves, including caviar.

You can supplement the list with other seafood: mussels, squid, shrimp, octopus, available both frozen and canned. When ordering this or that type of fish, you should focus on the timing of sale and sales volume.

According to the rules, freshly caught fish must be sold within 12 hours, so you can only order in minimum quantities. Chilled fish supplied in foam containers lined with ice must be sold within 7–9 days (small) or 10–12 days (gutted and large), subject to a storage temperature of -1⁰С -5⁰С.

Taking into account the transportation time, as a rule, about 3 days remain for the sale of this type of product. Frozen batches of food at a temperature of -18⁰C can be stored for up to 6 months.

Maintaining product freshness

You should always check the documentation for each new batch of products, since without a certificate issued by the state veterinary service retail fish is prohibited. You should also visually check the suitability of the received goods. There are several signs indicating the freshness of fish:

Transparent bulging eyes.
Smooth, not swollen scales.
Dense bright red gills.

Trade in such a perishable product as fish requires mandatory availability freezer, refrigerators and refrigerated display cases. If you plan to sell chilled and freshly caught fish, then you need to purchase an ice maker to produce edible ice. Ice is placed on racks with fresh fish, thereby maintaining an acceptable temperature to preserve the fish. In addition, a scattering of ice and beautifully laid out carps, trout and other types of products on it look much more attractive to buyers than, say, just fresh fish piled up in a heap.

Display rules

When trading fish, the rules for displaying goods should be observed in the same way as in large chain stores. For example, more expensive fish and delicacies should be placed in the middle of the display (and at eye level if it is a multi-level counter), where it primarily attracts attention. There should also be fish there, using most in demand. Cheap varieties are pushed to the edge of the counter.

Each type of product must be fenced off from the other: smoked meats and fresh fish cannot be placed next to each other; seafood must also be placed separately. Lighting is important. In practice, it is not customary to choose display lamps with a blue spectrum for food products; fish will look most advantageous in the light of lamps with a light yellow or pink spectrum.

Some stores use aquariums with live fish. The most resistant species to transportation and keeping in large groups in aquariums are crucian carp, river perch, bream, burbot, pike perch, and trout.

Costs and risks

You will have to spend at least 300 thousand rubles just to equip a small department area in a grocery store. Opening a business, taking into account expenses for renovating the premises, or purchasing a kiosk or pavilion, as well as for the starting batch of products, will cost about 600 thousand rubles.

At the same time, you should know in advance about the risks that accompany trade in perishable products. For example, if there is insufficient demand for freshly caught fish, it may be necessary to mark down the product in order to sell the product before its sell-by date expires. Sometimes you even have to throw away damaged goods. To minimize such risks, you should take logistics seriously and take into account seasonal peaks and valleys in demand. Despite the fact that the risks are among the most serious in this particular area of business, with proper organization you can achieve success. To maintain good demand, it is recommended to offer customers a wide range, be able to beautifully present each item and the entire store as a whole, and offer prices that suit the majority of consumers.

It might be useful to read: