Enterprise social development plan. Social planning

The program for ensuring the development of society involves solving the issue of the coincidence of the main trends and needs of social development with the means and methods of achieving the set goals and objectives. Therefore, the main criterion for the viability and progressiveness of social transformations and the effectiveness of management of social objects are: a) the degree of scientific character and b) the validity of reflecting the interests of the majority (society) in practice.

The formation of planning for social development problems dates back to the end of the 18th century. and is associated with representatives of utopian socialism: C. de Rouvroy (Saint-Simon), C. Fourier and R. Owen, who sought to substantiate a perfect social system on the basis of ahistorically understood principles - reason, justice, freedom, equality and fraternity. Among the ideas and guesses of the utopian socialists, in particular, were: the need to create a large social production; destruction of the opposition between city and countryside, mental and physical labor; the obligation of labor as a need and as a pleasure; the requirement for the unity of science and industry, scientific planning of the economy (economics); implementation of the distribution of available resources “according to abilities”. Some of their guesses are still relevant today.

Already at the beginning of the 19th century. their followers made attempts to implement individual ideas in practice - in the USA and Great Britain.

First mention of the term " social planning" attributed to the 32nd President of the United States F. Roosevelt when he carried out reforms (the so-called new course) in connection with overcoming the consequences of the overproduction crisis of the 1930s.

This phenomenon received further development during the implementation various forms and methods of implementation social policy, in particular in ensuring social protection of the population.

The theoretical and methodological foundations of social planning were first tested in the first years of Soviet power and the first five-year plan for the development of the national economy (1928–1932). This plan contained, in particular, a special section “Socio-economic problems”, various social programs (elimination of illiteracy, homelessness in the country), as well as measures to solve them. Let us note that in subsequent plans for the development of the national economy, up to the last five-year plan, such a section was not highlighted as an independent component.

Among the domestic scientists who contributed to the development of problems in the theory and practice of social planning, the following can be named: N. A. Aitov, V. G. Aseev, V. I. Gerchikov, V. M. Elmeev, N. I. Lapin, P. P. Luzan, V. G. Podmarkov, Zh. T. Toshchenko, Yu. L. Neimer, O. I. Shkaratan and etc.

The current rejection of the ideas of socialism has already led to the abandonment of centralized planning for the social development of society. The departure from the planned principles of regulation is explained by: the predominance of technocratic tendencies in the development of social production; hypertrophied resource distribution system; absolutization of methods of directive planning (command) to the detriment of indirect (regulation); a small “area of ​​freedom” for the development of potential social and personal opportunities; the dependence of social relations on the political and ideological guidelines of the state; lack of proper correspondence between economic and social parameters of development (increasing production volumes acted as a primary factor, meeting people's needs as a secondary factor) and taking into account the human element in planning and economics.

Essential characteristics

• 1) orientation of planning towards goals arising from objective trends in the organization of social development and providing for the satisfaction of current and future needs of people, their coordination with each other, the development of measures to enhance the creative activity of the person himself and the social institutions of society;
• 2) the use, within the framework of social planning, of performance indicators for achieving set goals (timing, volumes, levels, rates, proportions, degree of achievement of planned milestones);
• 3) detailed development and research of means of achieving the set development goals in the form of benefits (restrictions) or creating conditions for the rational development of the planned object;
• 4) social planning is a continuous process of cognitive and transformative activity.

Generally social planning defined as scientifically based determination of goals, indicators and tasks for the development of social objects and the main means of their implementation in the interests of society, social institutions or large production associations.

The following are distinguished: levels social planning.

Society, for which long-term plans are being developed to solve the most significant social problems that determine its viability, integrity and sustainability.

Level of individual spheres of public life (economic, socio-political and spiritual), which provides for solving problems of improving working conditions and content; vocational training; prestige of areas of employment; structures of working and free time; satisfaction of material and spiritual needs; participation in political life.

On regional level planning is aimed at solving social problems of the republic, region (territory), other regional entity in terms of: equalizing social development in a territorial context; regulation of migration flows; rational use labor resources; development of national relations; distribution and consumption of cultural values.

When analyzing the planning features of economic regions it is necessary to determine the essence and specificity of each social object (phenomenon or process) in a given territory, as well as clarify their differences from similar objects in other territories.

Level of production organizations (work collectives) involves the implementation of a person’s motivation for creative work, providing conditions for his work and everyday life.

Main forms social planning are:

• 1) targeted (direct) planning or development and justification of a system of tasks to achieve a certain level of social development. This concerns rational relationships in the development of social processes, reflecting their real state, trends of change, the level of use of science and technology, and people's needs;
• 2) social (indirect) planning, in which the elements of the implementation mechanism are the specific conditions, capabilities and needs of the object itself, as well as its components and variables of an exo- and endogenous nature, in other words, amenable or not amenable to state and public regulation. Let us note that a number of social objects have limited conditions for their development, which implies the need to determine the “area of ​​freedom” in their planning.

An essential point in social planning is also taking into account the interests of the individual, individual social groups, society as a whole.

The duality of the planning process allows us to consider methods for its implementation as ways of: a) implementing programs and plans (planning as an activity); b) their development (planning as a science). General planning methods are characterized by answers to fundamental questions: what objective laws of social development are based on possible ways to achieve goals? what are they aimed at? in what organizational forms will they be embodied?

The leading planning method is balance method, or a way of providing connections between the needs of society and its capabilities when resources are limited. In modern conditions, methods related to the implementation of market relations are also extremely important, when it is necessary to foresee the social consequences of decisions made and the ability to harmonize the interests of all participants in social transformation programs.

Requirements normative method are the basis for compiling indicators (standards) of social development at various levels of social organization, ensuring its scientific character.

Essence analytical method consists in dividing social action into its component parts and determining directions for the implementation of the intended program of action.

The essence variant method (variant approximations) is to identify several possible ways to solve social problems and tasks in the presence of the most complete and reliable information possible.

Complex (software-targeted) method represents the development of targeted comprehensive programs taking into account all the main factors (material, labor and financial-economic), determining the performers and deadlines.

In development of the material presented in Chap. 4 (clause 4.2), we will consider the basic methodological concepts that characterize the tools for assessing a particular level of social development.

Social indicators – quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the state, trends and directions of social development, used in planning to assess the compliance of the actual situation with scientifically based requirements. In their most complete form, they are defined and calculated on the basis of statistical data.

To identify the degree of development or perfection of a specific object (phenomenon or process), the following indicators: a) general, when it is necessary to establish the level of development (lag, advance, compliance) of the process being studied in a particular society and take appropriate action; b) regulatory, when it is necessary to determine the compliance of the process under study with scientifically based requirements.

It is usually said that social planning is effective when several groups of indicators are used, in particular:

• indicators that take into account the experience of planning social development in the form of quantitative characteristics and therefore allow planning for the future;
• indicators in the form of qualitative characteristics of individual social phenomena;
• indicators – assessments of the effectiveness of measures taken after the end of the planning period.

Let us note that the development, justification and application of social indicators are aimed at making scientifically based decisions aimed at increasing the efficiency of social planning and its effectiveness in solving both general and specific problems of social development.

Social standards – scientifically grounded quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the normative state of a social phenomenon (or one of its aspects), obtained on the basis of taking into account objective laws and opportunities for social development. They are aimed at maximizing the satisfaction of the material and spiritual needs of the individual; have a specific historical character, i.e. reflect the possibilities and needs of social development at a given stage and, accordingly, may change in the future.

Social standards are clearly defined quantitatively and qualitatively through a value characterizing the ideal (desired) goal of development of the planned process. Therefore, in order to establish the most effective balance of needs and opportunities in social development, standards are tested first experimentally and then on a mass scale.

Social standards must be consistent with each other, and also differentiated depending on the specific national, natural, socio-demographic characteristics of the region based on various coefficients. In areas of social development where the definition of standards is difficult, it is legitimate to introduce the concept into planning practice social reference, by which it is necessary to understand the most possible (rational) value of the development of social processes, based on the existing indicators of the development of similar phenomena.

Classification of social standards and guidelines is possible by:

• spheres of an individual’s life (work, socio-political life, culture, everyday life, interpersonal communication). Here they reflect the provision of material resources per 100 thousand people; can be expressed in specific requirements and tasks (for example, standards for architectural planning solutions or the organization of rational life of the population); can exist in the form of a norm in the “person-person” system (for example, the number of persons in a particular profession per 1000 people of the population or the availability of personnel per 1000 people by type of profession);
• levels social organization society (for the country as a whole, territorial entity, sector of the national economy, group of organizations);
• social structure of society (or by socio-demographic groups);
• stages of development (society, region or individual production).

The following can be named as specific forms of implementation of social development: social map of the region And social passport of the organization , which state the diversity of social processes and changes at these levels and allow us to constantly analyze and compare planning objects, and take adequate measures to solve the problems posed.

The experience of social planning shows that a social card or passport characterizes the social composition of the population, the demographic situation, indicators of the labor, socio-political, cultural and family spheres, staffing social development and its mate

real-technical base (in areas of public life or independently).

Every organization can be considered as a social organization that

characterized by its territory, goals, leadership, social conditions.

Classification of social groups is carried out according to various criteria:

Conditional (uniting people on some basis for analysis purposes);

Formal and informal small groups. In a formal group for all its members

all positions are clearly stated, job descriptions, all roles are strictly distributed, structure

authorities. An informal group develops and arises spontaneously; there are no defined relationships in it.

vertical, this group is formed on the basis of mutual likes or dislikes;

Reference groups. They serve as a standard, performing comparative and normative

Each group is characterized by basic parameters: composition, structure, group

processes and norms, value system.

The composition of the group is characterized by such characteristics as age, profession, work experience,

the level of education..

The structure of a group can be characterized on the basis of such features as structure

communications, preference structure, power structure.

Group processes of a socio-psychological nature include adaptation,

communication, identification and integration.

Group norms are rules developed and accepted by a group. Norms are closely related to

values ​​that develop in each group based on attitudes towards certain

social phenomena.

Social processes in an enterprise must be managed; these goals are served by social

planning or planning for the social development of work collectives.

However, it should be noted that socio-economic instability in society,

characteristic of Russia in the mid-90s, the struggle of enterprises for survival in the new market

environment, issues of planning social development at enterprises were relegated to the background. Them

However, this does not mean that the need for such work has lost its relevance, Strengthening

stabilization processes in the country will inevitably raise problems of social management

development into a number of priority ones. This is evidenced by the experience of economic developed countries peace.

Therefore, it is advisable to consider the issues of organizing social development management in

enterprises.

Changes in the social structure of the team are closely related to the movements of its workers,

some of which are planned in advance (retirement, study, etc.)

The most important process of social development of a team is improvement

production sector, which has a great impact on health and life expectancy

a person’s life, his performance, the socio-psychological climate in the team.

Improving working conditions creates the preconditions for more favorable social

processes in the sphere of labor - adaptation, motivation, labor movements, team building.

Transformation Russian economy affected the sphere of labor, property, systems

remuneration, relations between the enterprise administration and employees.

Trade union and collective agreement become real instruments for protecting rights and

interests of workers.

The following issues are usually included in a collective agreement:

Wage;

Hiring and firing employees;

Operating mode;

Occupational Safety and Health;

Social sphere;

Protecting the interests of persons not currently working for

enterprise.

Social planning at an enterprise should be preceded by a comprehensive

sociological study of the workforce, the purpose of which may be to study

social structure of workers, identifying its weak links and areas for improvement.

The subjects to be studied are the issues of people’s attitude towards work, factors of attractiveness and

unattractiveness of work in the enterprise as a whole and in each of its divisions.

Particular attention should be paid to:

1) studying the degree of content of work,

2) its conditions and level of payment,

3) staff turnover,

4) labor discipline,

5) value orientations in the team.

Sociological research ends with the development of scientifically based recommendations

on changing the social parameters of the workforce, as well as specific proposals for

various areas of work within the enterprise team. Similar recommendations and suggestions

become the basis for social planning for the current period (year) and the future (3 - 5 years and

In parallel with the social development plan of the team, many enterprises

so-called social passports of enterprises were developed. This experience is advisable

still in use today.

The social passport of an enterprise is a set of indicators

reflecting the state and prospects of social development. It is characterized by:

1) social structure of the enterprise team,

2) its functions,

3) working conditions,

4) provision of workers with housing, preschool institutions,

social infrastructure units within the enterprise itself.

The passport reflects intra-collective relations, social activity of workers and

other questions. Data from the social passport is used when developing a social plan

development.

In addition to social development plans, specialized

social programs, such as “Health”, “Women’s work”, “Youth”, “Housing”,

"Working conditions", etc.

Planning the social development of labor collectives ensures the growth of social

efficiency, which, along with economic efficiency, is the most important

a prerequisite and condition for the well-being of the enterprise and its employees.

Target: Social protection of students, their development, upbringing, education.

Tasks:

- ensuring social protection of the rights of minors;

- prevention of crime and deviant behavior of students, negative family education;

- strengthening the coordination of preventive and preventive activities of all departments solving this problem;

- increasing the level of educational and preventive work with adolescents in an educational institution through interaction with the Children's Supervision Committee and the Children's Education Center;

- organizing explanatory work among students and parents on issues of law and order and crime prevention;

- increasing students' self-awareness through various forms of events and promotions;

- development of a system of organized leisure and recreation for children" at-risk groups " during the holidays.

Preventive function.

- studying the conditions of child development in the family, at school, determining the level of his personal development, psychological and physical condition, social status of the family;

- legal, psychological, pedagogical education of parents, teachers,

Protective and security function.

- creation of a data bank of families about problems and conflict situations;

- preparation of documentation for pedagogical councils, to represent the interests of children in government and law enforcement agencies;

- individual conversations, group classes with participants in conflict situations, ensuring contact of children with parents and teachers in the event of a conflict

Organizational function.

- organization of group thematic consultations with the invitation of lawyers, psychologists, doctors, and KDN inspectors.

- providing individual consultations with parents, teachers and students.

- contact with local authorities and municipal services on social protection of family and childhood with law enforcement agencies, with public organizations.

- organization of leisure and recreation through communication with children's associations and institutions of additional education.

ORGANIZATIONAL WORK

WORKING WITH CHILDREN WHO ARE REGISTERED IN ONE, KDN and ZP AND VSHU.

WORKING WITH PARENTS

PROMOTION OF LEGAL KNOWLEDGE AMONG PARENTS AND STUDENTS.

WORKING WITH CLASS TEACHERS

Preview:

AGREED: I CONFIRM:

Chairman of the Commission for Acting Affairs Director of MBOU Secondary School No. 1

minors and protection of their rights _________________D.P. Yarkov under the administration of the Moscow Region "_____"________20___

"Maikopsky district"

Fedoseev A.Zh.

With the Commission on Minors' Affairs and Protection of Their Rights.

for the 2017-2018 academic year.

Target:

Improving the system for preventing child neglect and homelessness,

Increasing the effectiveness of efforts to prevent child abuse,

Prevention of crime and delinquency among minors.

Tasks:

Create effective system socio-psychological support for children and adolescents at risk;

Involve parents in the educational process;

Promote social rehabilitation, adaptation of children and adolescents, protection of their lives and health;

Conduct ongoing preventive work to prevent crime among school students;

Increase the legal culture and socio-pedagogical competence of parents;

Cooperate with services and departments to solve problems of neglect and delinquency among children and adolescents;

Carry out work to improve the educational function of the family and ensure the adjustment of education in the families of individual students;

Carry out measures to provide comprehensive psychological, pedagogical, medical, social, socio-legal support, provide leisure and recreation for children and adolescents in a socially dangerous situation.

Deputy VR Director ____________________________ Peshkova T.N.

Social teacher ____________________________ Shustova N.Yu.

Executive Secretary of KDN and ZP ________________________ Chernyshenko E.N.

Preview:

I APPROVED

Head of Education Department Acting Director of MBOU Secondary School No. 1

Administration of the Moscow Region _______________ Yarkov D.P.

"Maikopsky district"

Rotova E.P.

Joint work plan of MBOU secondary school No. 1

With guardianship and trusteeship authorities for the 2017-2018 academic year.

OBJECTIVES OF THE WORK:

● creation of an integral system of moral, social, psychological and legal support for each child in solving school problems;

● ensuring and protecting the constitutional rights of minors to receive basic general education and legitimate interests of other participants in the educational process;

● establishment of the school as an institution for gaining experience of democratic behavior and interaction.

TASKS:

● improving the system for increasing the level of legal literacy of students, teachers and parents;

● interaction between an educational institution and a family in order to form a civic position and legal self-awareness of participants in the educational process;

● creating conditions for the active participation of children in solving issues that matter to them;

● carrying out information, educational and educational work to prevent violence against minors.

Social teacher ____________________ Shustova N.Yu.

Preview:

Preview:

Preview:

Work plan

Council for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency

for the 2017-2018 academic year

Goal of the work:

a comprehensive solution to the problems of crime prevention, neglect and drug addiction among school students, the formation of law-abiding behavior, legal culture, social adaptation and rehabilitation, protection of the rights of the child.

Job objectives:

• organize interaction between subjects of the prevention system in solving problems of minors;
• create conditions for successful social adaptation minors, the disclosure of their creative potential and life self-determination;
• organize social patronage for children and adolescents and (or) their families considered at the meeting of the Council;
• provide targeted socio-psychological and legal influence on the behavior and activities of children and adolescents of an educational institution.

Preview:

“I approve” “Agreed”

And about. Director of MBOUSOSH No. 1 Acting Head of the Municipal Formation

Yarkov D.P. "Tula rural settlement"

Kshnyakov A.A.

PLAN of joint events

on the prevention of crimes and delinquency among minors.

Goal: a comprehensive solution to the problem of preventing neglect and delinquency of children and adolescents, their social rehabilitation in modern society.

Tasks:

Protection of the rights and legitimate interests of children and adolescents;

Reducing juvenile crime;

Prevention of neglect and homelessness of minors;

Ensuring the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of children without parental care;

Social and psychological assistance to disadvantaged families;

- coordination of the activities of bodies and institutions of the system for the prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency;

- identification and suppression of cases of involvement of minors in the commission of crimes and antisocial actions.

Preview:

Action plan for the prevention and prevention of child suicide

among children and adolescents for the 2017-2018 academic year.

Target:

- prevention of suicide cases among children and adolescents through the formation of positive adaptation to life.

Tasks:

-Identification of children in need of immediate help and protection and provision of emergency first aid, ensuring the safety of the child, relieving stress.

-Studying the psychological and pedagogical characteristics of each student, families, with the aim of timely prevention and effective solution of problems arising in the mental state, communication, development and learning and social status of the teenager and family.

-Creation of a support system for children, adolescents and families who find themselves in difficult life situations.

-Attracting various government agencies And public associations to provide assistance and protect the legal rights and interests of the child.

-Inculcation of existing social norms of behavior in society, the formation of children's charity, the development of value relations in society.

-Formation in children and adolescents of a positive self-image, uniqueness and originality not only of one’s own personality, but also of other people.

Introduction

Chapter 1. The concept and essence of social planning

Chapter 2. Social planning at the national level

Chapter 3. Social planning at the regional level

Chapter 4. Social planning in enterprises

Conclusion

List of references

Introduction

On modern stage In its development, Russia continues to face various social problems. These include unemployment, the spread of alcoholism and drug addiction, uncontrolled migration and other consequences of social and economic reforms.

As the main subject of governance, the Russian state must solve current problems in the social sphere. It carries out its functions through government bodies. One of these functions is social planning.

Social planning can be classified as one of the four main functions of government, which also include organization, motivation and control.

Taken together, they make it possible to purposefully and systematically manage the social sphere, systematically, taking into account the future, to apply various methods and current regulation instruments.

Social planning is the main socio-economic basis of the normal budget process; it allows us to more accurately determine the role of the budget in the social development of the country and region, specific sources of budget revenues and directions of budget expenditures for all items of budget classifications, which determines the relevance of our work.

To carry out social planning, certain conditions must be present. Firstly, the system of state regional management must be able not only to develop plans, but also to ensure their implementation. Secondly, a modern information base is needed. All this is present in the Russian Federation.

But now it is necessary to take a closer look at social planning in order to confirm that it belongs to the functions of public authorities.

Chapter 1. The concept and essence of social planning

Each state, caring about the prospects of its population, constantly plans and implements all kinds of social development programs. It is important in this process that the means and methods used in the social development of society correspond to its needs and requirements. In this regard, there is a need for a scientific validity, a system of criteria for social needs in a state or a certain region. All social changes must be tested for effectiveness and expediency. Social planning can provide such validity.

Social planning is a form of regulation of social processes in society related to the life of the population. The main task of social planning is to optimize the processes of economic and social development and increase socio-economic efficiency.

The object of social planning is social relations at all levels, including social differentiation, social structure; quality and standard of living of the population, including the level of real income in general and by social groups; quality and level of consumption; provision of housing, its comfort; provision of the population with the most important types of goods and services; development of education, healthcare, culture; determining the volume of these services provided to the population on a paid and free basis, etc.

Social planning since the mid-50s. XX century was the most important element of indicative planning in countries with developed market economies, and from the late 70s to the early 80s. In connection with the transition of these countries from indicative planning to program-targeted methods of regulation, social planning has become an important component of strategic national programs. An example is the five-year development plan of France, the five-year development plan of Japan, which are essentially the general concept of the country's socio-economic development.

Extensive experience in social planning was accumulated in the USSR, but planning in those conditions was of a directive nature.

Social planning has a multi-level nature: national, regional, enterprise (company) level.

Social planning focuses on the technical process of solving social problems. The core of this model, which relies on programmatic development, is a rational, carefully planned and controlled process of change designed to provide services to members of a society or a specific territorial body.

Since planning is both a science and an activity, the method must be understood not only as a method of implementation, but also as a way of developing programs or tasks.

General planning methods are characterized by what objective laws of social development the possible ways of achieving goals are based on, what they are aimed at and in what organizational forms they are embodied.

For a long time, the leading method of planning was the balance sheet, which arose as a way to ensure connections between the needs of society and its capabilities with limited resources. Currently, methods related to the existence of market relations are coming to the fore, when it is especially important to see the social consequences of decisions made, to be able to coordinate the interests of all participants in the transformation, providing them with favorable conditions for the manifestation of creative activity.

The scientific nature of social planning largely depends on the use of the normative method. Its requirements serve as the basis for compiling indicators of social development at various levels of social organization of society. It is the standards that make it possible to carry out calculations and justify the reality of planned targets, and to determine guidelines for the development of many social processes.

The analytical method combines analysis and generalization. Its essence boils down to the fact that during planning, social progress is divided into its component parts and on this basis the directions for implementing the intended program are determined.

The method of options is becoming increasingly important, the essence of which is to identify several possible ways to solve social problems in the presence of the most complete and reliable information possible. Its variety is the method of variant approximations: first, on the basis of the available initial data, a possible path is determined in the order of the first approximation, and then successive refinements are made. The use of this method is associated with the search for the optimal solution to a particular social problem, with the correct choice of priorities.

The integrated method is the development of a program taking into account all the main factors: material, financial and labor resources, performers, deadlines. Its application requires compliance with the following requirements: determining the pace and proportions of development of the social process, its statistical and dynamic model and developing the main indicators of the plan.

In social planning, the problem-target method has become increasingly used, which is usually associated with solving key urgent problems of social development, regardless of their departmental affiliation.

A social experiment has received wide recognition, during which the mechanism of action of objective laws and the features of their manifestation on the basis of one or more social institutions are clarified. The conclusions obtained help to correct the course of development of the planned process and test the predicted provisions and conclusions in practice.

Economic and mathematical methods occupy an important place in social planning. This name is in a certain form conditional. In reality, we are talking about quantitative analysis using the planning methods already listed above. Mathematical methods do not cancel social analysis, but rely on it and, in turn, influence its further improvement.

Currently, quantitative analysis relies on methods such as linear programming, modeling, multivariate analysis, game theory, etc. But all these formal-logical quantitative procedures are assigned the role of a specific tool necessary for solving various problems.

In planning theory and methodology, it is important to be able to apply quantitative characteristics. After all, formal logic (and mathematics, respectively) is a means of obtaining new knowledge. But the practical implementation of this knowledge requires not only truth in the mathematical sense, but also the correct interpretation of the results. Only through the integrated use of these planning methods with the help of quantitative analysis is it possible to develop an optimal solution. Quantitative analysis must always be compared with common sense so that there is no absolutization of quantitative characteristics. Thus, quantitative analysis and economic and mathematical tools play an important, but not self-sufficient role in planning. They need constant development and improvement, in constant correlation of their results with social goals society.

As we know, the essence of the state is manifested in its functions, which are the main directions of the state’s activities. The functions of government bodies are divided into internal (economic and organizational, cultural and educational, regulation of production and consumption, protection of all forms of property, law and order, nature and environment, fight against crime, protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens, etc.) and external (struggle for peace and peaceful coexistence, commonwealth with other countries, defense of the homeland, sovereignty and independence of the state, state participation in international humanitarian, cultural ties, etc.).

Social planning can be classified as internal functions, since it simultaneously promotes the realization of the rights and freedoms of citizens, and also forms an economic and organizational system at all levels.

Social planning has its own objects and subjects.

The subject of social design (i.e. the one who carries out the design) are various media management activities, - both individuals and organizations, work teams, social institutions etc., setting as their goal an organized, purposeful transformation of social reality. A necessary feature of the subject of design is his social activity, direct participation in the design process.

The main subject of social management is the state. Thus, social planning is one of the management functions of the state.

The object of social design (i.e. where or on whom the design process is carried out) refers to systems, processes of organizing social connections, interactions included in project activities, exposed to the influence of design subjects and serving as the basis for this influence. These can be objects of a very different nature:

1) a person as a social individual and a subject of the historical process and social relations with his needs, interests, value orientations, attitudes, social status, prestige, roles in the system of relations;

2) various elements and subsystems of the social structure of society (work collectives, regions, social groups, etc.);

3) varied public relations(political, ideological, managerial, aesthetic, moral, family and everyday life, interpersonal, etc.).

In a broad sense, the objects and subjects of social planning are the entire totality of people in society, which is not a homogeneous mass. This is a set of social communities, large social groups and classes, representing the entire palette of social stratification structure.

Another important proof that social planning is a significant function of government is that it is inherently complex, which is achieved only at the level of action of government structures. This will require combining the efforts of both specialists from management subjects and representatives of science (from sociologists and economists, lawyers, political scientists, etc.). The state, represented by legislative and executive bodies authorities.

Chapter 2. Social planning at the national level

Legislative bodies, in carrying out their functions, have adopted a number of laws regulating social planning: for example, The federal law on “On minimum state social standards” dated June 11, 2003, “National standard of the Russian Federation Social services for the population Main types social services» GOSTSTANDARD OF RUSSIA Moscow GOST R 52143-2003.

Based current legislation Federal social development programs are being developed through social planning.

Also at the national level, forms of social planning are selected. Specific, or, as is now commonly said, that similar planning includes the formulation of a number of tasks, the execution of which is delegated to various state and public institutions.

Social planning in its essence is designed to determine the optimal timing for solving these problems. And, naturally, the more complex the problem, the longer it will take to achieve the goal. This time will be spent on theoretical justification of planning goals and on implementing the necessary measures to improve the social situation. The general period of social planning cannot be set initially; it is selected taking into account a set of qualitative and quantitative criteria. Targeted planning, although it has a number of advantages, is associated with some negative factors, including the frequent use of team methods, combined with ignoring scientifically based areas of social development.

If social processes are planned using indirect levers, then specific opportunities and needs are analyzed in detail. During the next stage, those elements are sought out that are not subject to social regulation by the state or society. They need to be quantitatively measured and their development options predicted. Then find probable ways to neutralize their negative impact on the social sphere and the consequences that have already emerged under their influence.

An example of the practical application of social planning can be given by the example of improving the system of providing social services. The system of social services that exists in Russia today is ineffective and extremely fragmented. Since social services are provided by institutions subordinate to a number of different ministries. They are financed from budgets different levels, and financing schemes differ significantly depending on the system of which budget fund manager this or that institution belongs to.

Almost no one is seriously assessing exactly what social services are needed in a particular region and in what quantities, but such an assessment is necessary.

To do this, you can use a system of targeted, specific planning. Tasks are set upon reaching a certain level of provision of social services. Based on the assigned tasks, working groups are created under the ministries. A program for providing mini-grants is being developed and implemented, designed to create and implement innovative social services for specific institutions providing social services. The developed program is transferred to regional social planning bodies: bodies local government and others.

Chapter 3. Social planning at the regional level

Social planning at the level of a territorial community aims to analyze social conditions, set goals and evaluate the activities of existing services for their improvement and the development of new institutions.

Social planning, together with local development and social activities, is considered one of the three key models of social work in local governments, aimed at balancing the living conditions of vulnerable groups of the population and achieving social stability.

The strategy of action within the framework of social planning comes from the fact that it is necessary to find facts that indicate the relevance of a particular problem for the population, and logically come to possible alternatives for solving these problems (by identifying appropriate services, programs and activities). The social planning model provides for: involving the public in identifying needs and ways to solve them, and in many cases, in implementing activities. It also includes assessing the needs of the region's population; assessment of the resources and capabilities of local authorities in general, existing social services and organizations; development of plans that meet the key principles of organizing the provision of services in the territorial unit and which are supported by the local authorities themselves; social contracting (social agreement), aimed at attracting public and private organizations to provide services for budgetary funds (in many cases), the client’s right to choose a social service.

All stages of social planning work are coordinated by local authorities, which also implement their functions. For example, it involves non-governmental organizations in social planning and implements the function of interaction with public associations.

Planning and initiation of social programs in the regions also includes determining the content of changes. TO key elements This process includes: the creation of an initiative planning committee, the election of a local coordinator or organizer; choice organizational structure which can ensure public participation: an advisory committee or supervisory board, working group or coalition, lead agency or organization, informal network, etc. As well as searching, selecting and attracting members for the organizational structure that will implement programs in the region; defining the goals and objectives of the program, assigning roles and responsibilities, and providing training.

Social planning at the regional level is that territorial bodies get the opportunity to independently choose a method for defining a social problem, what they should work on local authority. To achieve this, various methods can be used to attract the public to discuss development plans. settlement, namely:

In-depth interviewing of key people to identify specific issues to work on and build the basis for further consensus, creating an organizing committee;

Selective and/or complete surveys about attitudes towards a specific problem, which makes it possible to identify the main problems and possible ways their decisions;

The next stage of social planning is the development of plans (local social programs that take into account both the needs and resources of the region, the general vision of members of the municipality of certain social problems, the vision of local officials). Often local programs are regional organization federal social programs developed in the process of national social planning.

Social planning at the local level is classified according to the changes it makes to the lives of the population of the region when introducing social programs:

Passive planning (social programs being developed are aimed at maintaining the status quo, preventing possible or anticipated changes);

Reactive planning (developed social programs must satisfy identified social needs in the region);

Proactive, advanced planning (social programs are aimed at preventing social difficulties in the future);

Active planning (the goal of the programs is to achieve social justice in the future, a focus on significant changes in the system).

At the same time, these plans must reflect certain principles for the provision of social services at the local level and be subject to the local legislative framework, which regulates social standards.

Important principles include:

1. Refusal of the biological and adherence to the holistic approach (English whole - whole, holistic), i.e. such an approach, which involves treating users of social services not as pathological subjects, but first of all as individuals. According to this relationship, the provision of services should take place with the most complete consideration of all the needs of the individual.

2. Continuity of custody. This principle is to ensure

supporting service users at all stages of their lives, i.e. organizing schemes and programs according to the needs of people of each age group. The curator of one social service transfers the client at a certain stage to the curator of another organization.

2. Deinstitutionalization – narrowing the sphere of influence of social institutions.

3. Normalization (“social vaporization”) and integration into society. Based on the opinion that staying in closed institutions is undesirable for people with any type of pathology; Almost all persons, even those with persistent disabilities, can and should have, as far as possible, a normal and fulfilling life in society.

Social planning at the local level makes it possible to implement the economic functions of government bodies. Since it provides for the opportunity for members of the municipality to receive services in different organizations (diversification of social services), i.e. involving various representatives of social services in the implementation of local social programs, while saving budget funds.

In many European countries there is a so-called “contractual” system of relations between the state and non-government. government organizations. This means that from those organizations that have been issued licenses by the local government, certain categories of the population can be entrusted with social services. In Russia, spending on social programs has increased in recent years, which confirms the presence of state management in the country. If in the USA public management is a constantly modified function of the state, based on the federal budget, the federal contract system(FCC) and the federal tax system, then in Russia state management should also be based on similar mechanisms.

Chapter 4. Social planning in enterprises

Planning for the social development of work collectives constitutes the third level of social planning. Different kinds production teams require different methods when planning their development. The experience of social planning suggests that at the enterprise level it is most effective to use plans that are based on the principles:

Principle 1. The abilities and capabilities of each employee that influence the development of production and self-improvement must be taken into account first of all.

Principle 2. The effectiveness of social planning directly depends on the conditions created at the enterprise or organization for workers, individual advantages that they can receive in the distribution of material and intangible benefits. All resources and efforts made by the state should be combined to improve the standard of living of workers and the resources available to a particular region. No less important factor the implementation of this principle is the improvement of material and moral stimulation. In recent years, many proposals have been made and a number of experiments have been conducted to increase people's interest in the final results of their work.

Principle 3. Processes of human interaction with production organization, city or region (and, consequently, with the whole society) should not occur spontaneously, accidentally, spontaneously, but should be an expression of conscious activity.

The development of these principles and the implementation of social planning at the enterprise is helped by the system labor law Russian Federation. The formation of labor legislation also belongs to the primary functions of the legislative authorities.

Conclusion

When performing this work, the concept of social planning and its essence were considered. As a form of regulation of social processes, social planning belongs to the components of public administration. The latter, in turn, is the main function of the state.

The powers of the state are vested in the authorities. They implement the full scope of its functions, including social planning. Thus, they influence the work of many social institutions, implementing the internal economic and organizational functions of government.

Social planning is an integral competence of government authorities, since it affects the fundamentals of society and cannot be decided by anyone else.

The social planning system consists of national planning, regional planning and social planning in enterprise teams. Legislative authorities provide the legal framework for social planning. And executives, during planning, develop and monitor the implementation of social programs.

Federal social programs are also implemented at the regional level, where the municipality, carrying out social planning, adapts them to local needs and the needs of the population in the regions.

The provision of social services to the population may not be carried out by state organizations, but social planning is the prerogative of the state. Although the public is widely involved in it at the regional level to clarify current social problems and ways to overcome them.

List of references

1. Economic dictionary. Ed. Arkhipova A.I. – M. Prospekt, 2001. – 624 p.

2. Kataeva V. Creative Manager: strategy for success. – M.: Rusaki, 2003. – 280 p.

3. Marchenko M. N. Theory of state and law. – M.: Prospekt, 2008. – 648 p.

4. Citizen V.D. Sociology of management, Textbook. – M.: KnoRus, 2008. – 512 p.

5. Tikhomirov Yu.A., Zenkov V.N. Social legislation. Scientific and practical manual. – M.: Infra-M, 2005. – 339 p.

6. Weil M., Gamble D.N. Community Practice Models//Encyclopedia of Social Work 19th ed, - Vol.1.- Washington: NASW, 1995. – 600.

7. Bracht, N., Kingsbury, L. Community organization principles in health promotion. (Eds), Health Promotion at the Community Level, Sage, Newbury Park, CA, 1990. - p.668.

8. Reshetnikov A.V. Process management in social sphere. – M.: Medicine, 2001. – 503 p.

9. Semygina T.V. Community work: practice and policy. – K.: Academy, 2004. – 350 p.

10. Bukhalkov M.I. Enterprise planning. – M.: Infra-M, 2008. – 416 p.

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