E-government in facts and figures. "Electronic government" as a modern institution of interaction between the state and society

The transition to a post-industrial society implies the inevitable transformation of political institutions and government controlled with the requirements of the information age. New information integrative technologies are becoming more widespread, have become the basis for globalization, significantly affect community development. The number of individuals and institutions that have access to the Internet and use it to meet a growing number of their needs is growing rapidly.

Under these conditions, overly centralized structures are unable to respond with the necessary speed to the diverse changes in the surrounding world. There is a growing need for greater flexibility and mobility of public services on the principles of flexibility, transparency, political neutrality, etc. Opportunities for the use of political and social technologies in management are expanding (with mixed results). In the context of deepening globalization processes, national governments are forced to respond to the latest information technology achievements and trends in order to ensure or maintain the required level of international cooperation.

Internet technologies that provide information interaction between authorities and the population and civil society institutions have received the stable name of "electronic government" in modern literature. (E-Government). It is considered as a single socially responsible and informationally open institution (institution) with constant feedback.

In general, "electronic government" is defined as a specialized complex system of interaction between executive authorities and citizens, civil society and business structures via the Internet. In this semantic series, single-order concepts are used: “ e-business» ( e-business), "electronic citizen" ( e-citizen), "electronic democracy" ( e-democracy), "electronic self-government", etc.

The model of the concept of "electronic government" implies three types of interaction: between the state and citizens (G2C-govemment-to-citizen), government and business G2B - government-to-business), various branches of government (G2G-government-to-government).

The implementation of the concept of "electronic government" is closely related to the reform of public administration. On the one hand, the need to move to e-government requires a certain restructuring of the foundations of the administrative system, and on the other hand, the transition to "e-government" to a certain extent contributes to increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of the adopted management decisions; lower maintenance costs state apparatus, increasing the productivity of civil servants; fight against corruption in government structures, etc.

Note!

"Electronic government" should be considered as a phenomenon that gives a new quality to management institutions, and its genesis - as a kind of process of their further institutionalization. The government itself can also be seen as a political institution. Accordingly, for its analysis, it is necessary to use institutional and neo-institutional approaches, the potential of the concepts of new public administration (management), network theory and other aspects of communication science, qualitative (value and target) approaches, expert assessments of the quality of public policies and management. citizens (E-Citizen) are considered as consumers of electronic services of the state with the corresponding rights and obligations. "Electronic government", as it were, makes the institutions work in a new way and, by creating new rules of the game, acts as a moderator of the new institutionalization.

"Electronic government", on the one hand, is considered as a technology that should improve the work of existing structures. On the other hand, it is designed to organize in a new way the system of interactions between the traditional structures of the federal, regional, municipal levels, therefore, it brings with it new institutional rules of the game.

The main institutional and technological features and characteristics of "electronic government" are formed depending on the political and economic systems of specific countries, government initiatives, programs and the sequence of actions for its deployment, the economic and social resources involved, information and communication tools, etc.

The analysis of the "electronic government" system is expedient in the following areas:

1) stages of its development (stages);
2) the level and nature of the development of electronic media, especially the Internet;
3) features of the socio-cultural foundations and principles of the functioning of "electronic government";
4) general and special in its country (national) model;
5) the relationship of e-government with the nature of administrative reforms;
6) monitoring the feedback of "electronic government", its interaction with civil society and business structures, etc.;
7) the nature and quality of training of managers in state and other structures 1 .

The process of formation and transformation of the "electronic government" system can be divided into five ideal stages-directions (Table 6.2).

Table 6.2

Stages of formation and genesis of "electronic government"

Stage name
Initial Presence	It is characterized by the presence of a website and basic information on it, links to other authorities, departments of the government itself and non-governmental organizations
Advanced Presence	The stage of developed information presence of the authority on the Internet, measured by indicators of the presence on the site of archives of documents (laws, regulations, etc.), current information, databases (statistical and other information), a news section, a department of frequently asked questions, the availability of services search, help, download files and site maps. This is the stage of one-way interaction, involving the flow of information from the state to the population
Interactive Presence	It is characterized by the ability to download and fill out forms for various services, the availability of contact information and the ability to contact representatives of a government body, interactive interconnection between all authorities (and at all levels) with common databases, etc.
transactional presence	The stage of two-way interaction of authorities with the population and business, involving the use of the Internet to carry out the entire transaction - paying taxes and fines, requesting and receiving documents, paying for services using various payment systems, electronic signature etc.
presence	It is characterized by the presence of special tools and opportunities for engaging citizens in discussion and decision-making - web forms for comments, tools for online consultations with the population, discussion forums on policy and government actions, online surveys, opportunities to get answers to requests by e-mail or through web forms (with an indication of the response time) and subscribe to receive information by e-mail

Source: Political science: a textbook for academic undergraduate studies / ed. V. S. Komarovsky. M.: Yurait Publishing House, 2017. S. 280-282.

The creation of "electronic government" is in line with the reform of the entire system of public administration. It implies greater openness and responsiveness; introduction of competitive and contractual principles; creation of separate specialized management structures with increased responsibility for performance results; increasing the role of ethical requirements for management, active interaction with civil society, a greater orientation of state interests to the needs and requirements of citizens, etc. and individuals through the introduction of a unified system of electronic accounting, an increase in the level of budget revenues, a reduction in the scale of corruption and, accordingly, an increase in citizens' confidence in government institutions.

A number of conditions are necessary for the reorganization of the public administration system in the “electronic government” paradigm. Among them: the adoption of appropriate government decisions; a sufficient level of “internetization” of society and state institutions; development of a rational concept of "electronic government" and the creation of the necessary information technology prerequisites and electronic forms (documents, signatures, etc.), financial support, training of new personnel in the algorithm given government; taking into account the most complex social and administrative-legal problems arising from the introduction of new electronic organizational management models in life; "removal" of narrow technological approaches in the formation and operation of "electronic government" ("information technology will solve all problems"), overcoming the possibility of its use for anti-social purposes; rational-critical use of the accumulated foreign experience and etc.

There are a number of social, political, psychological, financial and organizational factors that hinder the formation of "electronic government". Among them: the competition of the new "information-public" and traditional methods of public administration; significant costs for informatization state structures management; changing the managerial mentality and improving the ICT skills of civil servants; insufficient effectiveness of certain technological programs; problems of ensuring information security, a sharp increase in the volume of information and its optimization, social and digital inequality, etc.

As part of the activities of "electronic government" online in a number of countries, many types of public services. Among them: inquiries government bodies, the ability to check the stages of passage, receive a response indicating the result and those responsible for its adoption; payment of various payments by electronic forms (from rent to fines and taxes), receipt of common forms of official documents, their completion and sending (including the receipt of tax returns, registration with the employment service); admission to universities on distance, interactive forms education; statements to the police (in case of theft or theft of a car) (Table 6.3). In the Republic of Korea, for example, the official web portal allows the applicant to get acquainted with the stages of passing 54 types of citizens' appeals, to control this process at any time.

Table 63

Examples of improved management efficiency as a result of the implementation of electronic services

	Service type	before implementation	Time after implementation
Brazil	Electronic forms of documents	Several days
	Electronic forms for paying taxes
	Electronic registration of commercial entities
	Registration of property	Several days
	Registration of land plots
	Making changes to real estate ownership
	Certificate of ownership of real estate
	Electronic customs
Philippines	Electronic customs		from 4 to 48 hours

Source: Irkhip Yu. V. Problems of the effectiveness of "electronic government" // Russian state and socio-economic challenges of our time // Sat. articles of the international conf. IGSU RANEPA. T. 1. M.: Prospekt, 2015. S. 41-47.

The American and European models and dominant theories of information and communication technologies are somewhat different. In Europe as a whole, more emphasis is placed on the role of ICT in administrative reform and service to citizens, seen as buyers. In the US, in addition to improving administrative activities, more attention is paid to the impact of ICT on political participation, improving the functioning of the political system as a whole.

In principle, each country has its own characteristics of the formation, development and implementation of the concept of "electronic government".

Numerous problems of using information and communication technologies in management are known. Thus, the insufficiency of the “Internetization” of many states, their institutions, and populations is obvious. The appropriate training of citizens is weak. Even if there is a necessary information database, the necessary skills are required to understand it. Becoming a truly “electronic citizen” (and not just a user of individual services) who understands the problems of public administration is no easier than becoming a conscious participant in political processes. Serious questions arise about the role of "electronic administrators" who have direct access to the technological mechanisms of infocommunications, information theft, technological failures, viruses, etc.

The European Union has introduced a system for continuous monitoring of the availability and status of the following e-services for citizens and businesses.

For citizens: income tax, declaration; job search through the employment service; social help, unemployment benefits, per child, reimbursement for medical services, tuition fees; personal documents (passport, driver's license; car registration; construction applications; informing the police (thefts, etc.); public libraries (catalog accessibility, search tools); birth certificates, marriage certificates (requests and submissions); filing applications for admission to universities; informing about the change of residence; services related to medicine (interactive consultations, applications for treatment in specific places, availability of services in the hospital).

For business: social contributions for workers; corporate taxes and declaration; value added tax; registration of a new legal entity; submission of statistical data; Customs declaration; obtaining security-related permits environment; state procurements.

Finland was the first country in the world to adopt an e-services law (2001). The law contains provisions on the rights, duties and responsibilities of state administration bodies and their clients in the field of electronic services, on key requirements for electronic identification of the identity of citizens. In accordance with the Law, the authorities must provide the public with the option of electronic delivery of notices, invoices and other similar documents and communications. Authorities and clients can certify their decisions with an electronic signature.

The official web portal of Singapore (http://www.gov.sg) unites all spheres of life: public administration, business, education, science, medicine and even the entertainment industry (the state allocates up to $ 0.5 billion per year for the program) . The portal is divided into four interrelated areas: government; resident citizens (permanent residents); business; non-residents. A large number of information services are provided through them in the current time mode, and interactive communication operates. To do this, you must first register (specify a password, login and user code) and receive the necessary information in any of the directions 1 .

A consumer-centric approach is essential to the organization of public services. In general, there is a formation of a model of public administration focused on the efficiency of business processes, the idea of distinguishing between policy and practice, and the multiplication production indicators. At the same time, laptops and smartphones are increasingly being used, making it possible to carry out online transactions without being tied to a specific place.

"Electronic governments" contribute to a certain openness of states, appropriate reporting, reducing the level of corruption and irresponsibility of officials, improving financial management. In general, managerial thinking is changing for the better. The implementation of reforms in a number of countries has improved due to information technology, increased trust in government, and the quality processing of the growing flow of

data and knowledge. The activities of "electronic governments" involve rapid and profound changes in a number of legal documents. In the Republic of Korea, over a few years, up to 40% of the regulations governing public administration and service have been changed. In general, the document flow is being improved. As a rule, young cadres of managers come to the leadership of public services more widely, and it is possible to increase salaries based on the final results of their work.

At the same time, there are numerous problems of using information and cybernetic technologies in management. The appropriate training of citizens is weak. Even if there is a necessary information database, then to understand it, the necessary preparation is required. Becoming a truly “electronic citizen” (rather than a user of individual services) who understands the problems of public administration is no easier than becoming a conscious participant in political processes.

See: Yakunin V.I., Sulakshin S.S., Bagdasaryan V.Eorlov I.B., Stroganova S.M. Quality and success of public policies and management. M., 2012. S. 5.
During a visit to Singapore, D. A. Medvedev (as an experiment) from his laptop submitted to the EP of this country several documents necessary for opening a cafe (registration sheet, application, passport data and dead accounts), immediately received a response from the EP about their receipt, and a week later, an electronic notice of permission for the requested activity.

Zakharova Anastasia Ivanovna, student
Bashkir State Agrarian University

ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENT
POPULATION
STATE
ELECTRONIC INTERACTION

The article is devoted to the problem of development of the system of electronic interactions between the state and the population.

Development of the legal system of electronic interactions between the state and the population
Development of a system of electronic interactions between the state and the population
Methodology of civil society and its interaction with the state
Integrated land policy as an object of political science research

In the 21st century, Russia set foot on new stage information development. Electronic communication systems are coming to the fore, the information and telecommunication network Internet is becoming widespread. Meanwhile, the leading countries of the world are already moving to an innovative development path and introducing electronic systems in all spheres of the life of the state, including the provision of public services to the population. modern concept implementation of the so-called "electronic government" (e-government). There is such a thing as electronic interaction between the state and the population.

This scientific work is based on the research of Garifullina A.F., which has a number of scientific works on this topic.

Electronic interaction between the state and the population is a system of interaction between public authorities and the population, based on the widespread use of modern information technologies, including the Internet, to increase the availability and quality of public services, reduce the time for their provision, as well as reduce the administrative burden on citizens and organizations associated with their receipt.

Every year, information technology is becoming increasingly important in the activities of government bodies. It is IT that is aimed at reducing the "chasm" between the state and the population. This can be confirmed by the transition to an electronic municipality, which significantly reduces the time for the provision of state and municipal services, makes municipalities more accessible to citizens, and the very activities of local authorities more transparent.

The relevance of this topic today no one doubts. After all, the special role of information support for management and the provision of electronic information services was even noted by the Prime Minister Russian Federation Vladimir Putin: “We need to save people from the need to go to offices, wag their nerves there in queues when you need to get elementary papers from the BTI, social security, DEZs, passport offices and registries in polyclinics. In this regard, in the coming years we must completely rebuild the system for providing state and municipal services in electronic form. We are talking about information and service portals, integrated communication channels, departmental and regional data banks.”

In my opinion, the development of the system electronic interaction states and societies in Russia will depend primarily on the participation of the citizens themselves. There are two main problems that hinder the development of civic participation in the development of the electronic state - the problems of access to technologies and the problems of access to information.

In modern legal science, there are several approaches to understanding the term "electronic state":

a system of state bodies that ensure the implementation of state policy in the field of informatization;
organization of state power based on the use of information and communication technologies;
organization of interaction between public authorities and society in order to provide public services and ensure the possibility of participation in the exercise of power by the population using information and telecommunication technologies.

The introduction of e-government implies that the activities of state bodies should be based on a powerful, efficient and secure electronic system both in their internal activities and in interaction with citizens. So that the databases of various departments are compatible and can exchange information, so that a citizen can apply from home Required documents so that government purchases are made through open electronic auctions.

The role of the electronic state is to improve the mechanism of interaction between society and the state in order to resolve vital problems, simplify the procedures for the provision of public services and the exercise of power by the population, reduce the cost of maintaining the state apparatus, improve the quality of government decisions, ensure the principles of transparency and openness in exercise of power, increase the legal awareness of the population and ensure the exercise of power by the population through information and communication technologies, correspond to the face of modern information society. Undoubtedly, the formation of an electronic state in our country is a necessary step towards improving power and governance, ensuring the possibility of effectively combating corruption and paperwork in all government structures, maintaining Russia's position in the international arena in the field of information and communication technologies and electronic government.

USE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN ORGANIZATIONS
( as a percentage of the total number of organizations surveyed)


Organizations that have used:
personal computers
Computers of other types
local computer networks
email
global information networks
of which network:
Internet
including broadband access
intranet
Extranet
Organizations that had a website on the Internet

Thus, we can conclude that the mechanism for creating electronic interaction between citizens and the state has been “launched”, the main steps towards ensuring the presence of authorities and information about their activities on the Internet have already been taken. Further, it is necessary to place special emphasis on creating conditions for the transition from the industrial model of the "big government" - centralized, hierarchical and operating in the material economy - to a new management model based on self-organizing inter-institutional cooperation networks that share knowledge and work in the "digital economy".

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ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENT AS A FACTOR OF STATE MANAGEMENT Mukhametshin A.R., Garifullina A.F. In the collection: Management of a modern innovative society in the post-crisis period (economic, social, philosophical, legal aspects) Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference. Editorial Board: V.I. Long (responsible editor), A.E. Makhmetova, M.A. Eremeev. 2011. S. 52-53.
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New ITTs change the nature of information interaction between society and the state, expand the rights of citizens. The intensive introduction of ICT in government bodies makes it possible to bring them closer to citizens, improve and expand services to the population, increase internal efficiency and reduce costs for the public sector, stimulate the creation of new information technologies, products and services by the private sector. The introduction of ICT into government bodies is a complex process due to a number of factors:

the vertical structure of the administration, which needs to be changed to a horizontal one;

lack of understanding on the part of employees;

lack of databases made for public access;

ambiguity with the legal status of access to public information.

As already emphasized, the potential for citizens to directly influence governments raises the question of transforming existing democratic structures. There are prerequisites for expanding democracy with the help of ITT.

The price for convenience, speed of transmission and receipt of information, various information services is the loss of anonymity. All "steps" of the individual along the information highway can be traced and recorded in ever-growing databases. The commercial sector and criminal structures show a great interest in monitoring this information, as this makes it possible to create detailed portraits of consumer behavior, which poses a great threat to privacy. Therefore, citizens must be provided with access to technology and software to protect their privacy, messages and communications. The means to achieve these goals are digital signature and encryption. The government needs to establish regulations that govern the use of encryption tools.

With regard to access to public information, the following principles apply in world practice:

information should be open to all;

basic information should be free. If additional processing is required, a reasonable price should be charged, taking into account the cost of preparing and transmitting the information, plus a small margin. When determining the cost of services for the transfer of information, the nature of its use by the consumer is taken into account;

continuity (information must be constantly provided, its completeness and reliability are guaranteed.

The Internet is rapidly becoming an important means of political activity. During election campaigns, pages of information are placed on the Internet to target voters. About 10% of voters turn to this resource for their choice. A significant part of the applicants is made up of young people who are reluctant to respond to other means of conveying political information.

Various non-profit organizations are being created around the world, the purpose of which is to ensure public participation in government activities through forums on the Internet.

The federal government must recognize the urgent need to address regulations and remove barriers to competition.

Backbone networks and new infrastructure should be created by the private sector, and the risk should be borne by shareholders.

The highway must "move" across the country in accordance with market requirements.

The development of the information highway should be "technologically neutral", i.e. the state should not support any one of the technologies.

The role of the state must be seen in the context of the role of the private sector, which invests and bears the financial risk. Its policy should be aimed at creating jobs and national wealth, stimulating competition and research and development.

Since the role of the state in the formation of the information society is the same in different countries, international organizations are conducting research on this issue in order to develop universal approaches.

For example, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development considered two aspects: the change in the state apparatus under the influence of ITT and the role of the state in activities in cyberspace, mainly in electronic business.

With regard to the "cyber economy", states are encouraged to develop policies that facilitate the transition to it, ensure the protection of intellectual property rights, the security of financial and commercial transactions, the use of cryptography and the collection of taxes.

Summing up, it can be argued that the state plays a key role in the development of the information society as:

coordinator of the efforts of various subjects of society;

mechanism for reconciliation of contradictions between business and social institutions;

a legislator capable of providing conditions for competition in the information industry, legally protecting the rights to privacy and intellectual property, determining the rules for the functioning of electronic commerce systems, and ensuring the development of education systems.

The role of the state is to strike a balance between:

competition and regulation;

the freedom to use encryption to protect privacy and personal communications and the need to protect the public interest from criminals;

freedom of speech and expression; and the protection of the morals and interests of minors.

At the same time, it is necessary to clearly distinguish between the interests of the state and the state apparatus. Control over the latter by public organizations and elected bodies is an indispensable condition for democratic development.

Information interaction between the state and society.

The use of ITT in government bodies has two main goals:

To make the state more democratic, informationally open, "transparent" for the population, which is facilitated by the provision of a number of public services to the population and businesses with the help of ITT, the opening of arrays with state information, such as statistics, codes of laws, including through the creation of their own "pages" by government departments » on the Internet, establishing a dialogue with the public.

Raise the efficiency of the state apparatus. Here it is necessary to restore order in the operation of existing and design of new state information systems. This is due to their high cost, the lack of clear criteria for assessing the effectiveness of their activities.

Great success in this matter has been achieved by Great Britain, which is consistently pursuing a policy of providing information and services to citizens from the state through the Internet. The State Information Service provides access to more than 300 government organizations. The UK government is implementing special programs designed mainly for small and medium-sized businesses, education and retraining systems. They are designed to facilitate the provision of services to the business world and citizens, increase the efficiency and openness of the state apparatus, and reduce the costs of taxpayers.

The goal of the UK government is to have as much information available electronically as possible. The nature, volume and content of information is determined through a series of pilot projects, which will require significant capital investments. Capital expenditures are provided by the private sector in exchange for future payments by consumers. Funds for contracts with private firms for the maintenance of public institutions should come from savings on the maintenance of the state apparatus.

A very important issue in the use of information technology is the determination of the price of state information. In Canada, for example, it is divided into two types:

information used by the general public, such as directories, government decisions (free or low cost);

information that is in limited demand, for example, research, technical, stored in specialized databases (funds should be charged to compensate for the costs of selecting and processing information).

Project in progress in Spain Vereda , in which the state offers citizens information services (on insurance, financial services, entertainment, as well as in the field of public administration) through interactive terminals placed in public places.

In Singapore, businessmen can pay taxes electronically.

countries sevens project is being implemented State on-line which has the following goals:

creation of conditions for online implementation of traditional public services;

widespread provision of fully interactive services to citizens;

usage Email to replace paper correspondence within the state apparatus and between the state and citizens.

Of interest is the experience of the United States, where the process of using ICT in public institutions is legally regulated.

The aims of the law are:

encourage the federal government to use information technology strategically to achieve its effective work and ensuring the most optimal ratio of cost and effectiveness of services provided to the population by the government;

stimulate the timely acquisition of information technology, ensure the management and use of effective solutions;

to reorient the system of information technology support of the government from the process to the result of activity;

increase the responsibility of officials for the use of information technologies and information resources to support the activities of their agencies;

provide a level of services provided by the government comparable to the best examples the private sector;

propose a multi-agency approach to information resources available for public use in government;

reduce the number of fraud, waste, abuse and errors resulting from poor management of information systems;

increase the government's ability to reverse-engineer governance processes prior to the introduction of innovative technologies;

Encourage agency leaders to plan capital expenditures and improve processes prior to applying ICT;

establish a unified approach to managing information resources in order to increase the productivity and efficiency of federal government programs.

Each government department's annual budget report to Congress must report on the achievements made as a result of investments in ITT, indicating how they contribute to the agency's core business.

Each agency appoints a chief information officer. He has the following responsibilities:

advises and assists the head of the agency and senior management on the acquisition of information technologies and management of information resources in accordance with the tasks formulated by the management of the agency;

develops, maintains and helps to build the information infrastructure of the agency;

ensures the effective design and operation of all information resource management processes.

The head of each agency is responsible for managing information resources in order to improve the efficiency and productivity of their agencies. Each agency must manage its information resources, reducing the amount of information it collects and increasing efficiency and productivity.

The experience of France is also curious, where the functions of coordinating the activities of state administration bodies in the field of informatics are assigned to the Interdepartmental Committee on Informatics and Office Equipment in the state administration. The Committee is responsible for the state of affairs in the field of computerization of public administration and is empowered to:

receive information from any governing bodies and state organizations on the issues of informatization of their activities;

supervise the functioning of information systems used by government bodies and government organizations;

keep records and consider problems arising in connection with the computerization of local self-government;

promote the implementation of interdepartmental computerization projects in the field of public administration.

Each ministry and department develops and submits to the Committee its general schemes for the development of information technologies and communication networks. These documents include the goals and main directions of computerization of the administrative activities of ministries, plans for preparing civil servants for the introduction of new information processing technology, an assessment of financial costs, a description of the most important stages in the development and implementation of informatization projects.

Thus, the information interaction of society and the state with the introduction of information technology into this process takes on a fundamentally new quality, conditions are created for the further development of democracy, greater information independence of the individual, establishing control over the activities of state bodies not only from other branches of government and the media, but also from large groups of citizens.

The Internet is seen in many countries as a means of delivering public services to the public through broader projects such as State on-line . This is a fundamentally new approach that gives information technology social dimension contributes to the development of democracy.

Economic foundations of the information society.

Information industry and economic development

The information industry can be defined as a branch of the economy associated with the production, processing, transmission, storage of all types of information, the creation of the necessary technical devices and technologies. It is the most dynamic sector of the world economy, generating products and services that significantly change the nature of doing business in traditional industries that are not directly related to the creation, processing and dissemination of information. The use of ICT in many service and industrial sectors has become an indispensable element of competition and strategic development.

The philosophical significance of this factor lies in the fact that human activity is increasingly based on knowledge codified in various technologies and computer programs. Intellectualization economic life requires appropriate changes in the social organization of society, in the field of education, in the methods of production. Knowledge, fixed in technologies, computer systems, becomes an objective factor in development. The basis for the existence of society is knowledge, the use of which requires special means - information and telecommunication technologies. The production of knowledge is turning into the most important function of society, which ensures survival and further progress, and modern information and technology technologies are becoming the means for realizing this function.

Common concept information economy characterizes the current trend in the development of the world economy, associated with the increasing role of the information industry, knowledge in the economic life of society. Of course, the traditional industry, Agriculture and the service sector still dominate in production volumes, but the highest growth rates and profitability are observed precisely in the information industry sectors.

The modern information industry unites a wide range of companies and firms engaged in the production, transformation, and transmission of information presented in the form of data, texts, graphics, video images, and sound. Three branches of the information industry can be distinguished: the production of information and telecommunications equipment, communications and the production of content (information).

The information industry is undergoing intense structural change driven by rapid technological advances, continued improvements in efficiency, and cost reductions in these technologies.

These structural changes will transform the information market. New market entrants are emerging, often from other areas of the information industry. For example, telecommunications companies are entering content markets. The globalization of the electronic print market, combined with deregulation, is intensifying international competition in regional and national content markets. It is difficult to protect the rights to intellectual products.

The development of the information industry is driven not only by new technological solutions, organizational mergers, but also by a whole range of economic factors. The economic background of the activities of high-tech companies, which include manufacturers of information products and services, telecommunications and computer equipment, is the same as in other areas. This is the desire to dominate the market, expand its boundaries, offer new products, improve the quality of services and goods and, ultimately, get the maximum return on investment.

Chechetkin V.D. Development of the Information Society Lecture 3

Chapter 1. Theoretical and methodological aspects of the development of public services in the modern information society.

1.1. The role and place of the service sector in the modern development of society.

1.2. The system of legal regulation of the provision of public services.

1.3. Goals, objectives and features of administrative reform at the regional level.

Chapter 2. Study of factors and trends in the development of the system of public services.

2.1. The state of development of the service sector in the context of informatization.

2.2. Evaluation of the effectiveness of existing forms and methods of regulation of public services.

2.3. Study of rational foreign approaches to the provision of public services in Russian practice.

Chapter 3 effective system provision of public services.

3.1. Methodology for monitoring official sites executive bodies state authorities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation and multifunctional centers in the performance of state functions.

3.2. Analysis of the content of official websites of multifunctional centers for the provision of public services.

3.3. Prospects for the development of the system for the provision of public services in the conditions of modern Russia.

Recommended list of dissertations

Improving the processes of providing public services based on information and communication technologies 2006, candidate of economic sciences Shestakova, Svetlana Vyacheslavovna
Legal and organizational issues of standardization of the activities of internal affairs bodies for the provision of services to the population 2010, candidate of legal sciences Chislov, Vladimir Ivanovich
State policy in the field of information technology: the experience of the Russian Federation 2012, doctor of political sciences Ustinovich, Elena Stepanovna
Development of administrative regulation in the context of reforming public administration 2012, doctor of economic sciences Keil, Yakov Yakovlevich
Political leadership in the development of public services at the level of the subject of the Russian Federation 2011, candidate of political sciences Shevchenko, Viktor Mikhailovich

Introduction to the thesis (part of the abstract) on the topic "Development of the system for the provision of electronic public services to the population: on the example of the Kurgan region"

E-government is a single complex of technologically interconnected state information systems and information technology infrastructure elements that provide a new level of efficiency and effectiveness of public authorities.

Public services, in response to the expectations of citizens in obtaining high-quality and responsive services, are striving to improve their activities, using new technologies and various solutions that simplify relationship management and access to information. In addition, informatization is becoming an important component of optimizing processes within the state structures themselves, playing a special role in connection with the ongoing administrative reform in the country, the reform of the education system, pension and other reforms.

strategic goal e-government is a change in the relationship between government and society - improving the scope of services to the population and business, as well as expanding the degree of participation of all citizens in the processes of managing society and the state.

e-government as effective tool public administration solves numerous problems of information interaction - helps to eliminate the bureaucratic barrier between the public service and the person, improving access to public information resources, making it easier to obtain the necessary information and services.

Determining the principles and basic approaches for the transition to electronic services today is one of the key points in the development of a system for the provision of public services in electronic form.

As part of the implementation of administrative reform, analyzing the reasons for reforming the public sector in different countries, we can conclude that the incentive for administrative reform will be to increase the level of information and provision of services provided by the state in electronic form, the desire to reduce public spending, increase transparency in the work state and municipal authorities.

The administrative reform is a program for the modernization of the executive branch, affecting changes in its functionality, organizational structure, technologies of work, the nature of interaction with civil society.

The reform should not be seen as something imposed from above on civil society, but as an ongoing process that directly affects the improvement of management efficiency and the achievement of final results. Today, a systematic approach is needed to the provision of services to the population in an electronic version (form), involving the solution of organizational, economic, legal and a number of other issues.

Of particular relevance at present is the task of automating communication between citizens and the state in the provision of public services, obtaining a unique opportunity to interact with the state 24 hours a day in self-service mode, determining the quantitative characteristics of the public availability of information related to the provision of public services and the implementation of public functions on the basis of existing administrative regulations, as well as the availability of electronic interaction functions on the official websites of the executive authorities.

During the formation of centralized programs for the informatization of regional information systems, many of them are implemented within the framework of separate programs and have no connection with each other. Thus, information systems are closed to serve a limited range of tasks, and informatization processes in the regions are of a departmental nature.

To improve the quality of life of citizens when transferring public services to electronic form, it is necessary to form new mechanisms for intellectual and creative activity, identify the best foreign practices, improve the legal framework governing the procedures for the provision of public services, and constantly monitor the quality of services provided.

These circumstances determined the choice of the dissertation topic, determined its purpose, objectives, subject, object and research methods.

The purpose of the study is to develop forms and methods for the development of interaction between the state represented by its executive bodies and officials with citizens and organizations in the provision of public services in electronic form.

The implementation of this goal required the solution of a number of tasks: - the study of the theoretical and methodological foundations, principles and mechanisms for regulating the provision of public services to the population in electronic form, clarifying the features of the formation of a system for informing potential consumers about public services and their provision through the development of an appropriate infrastructure (formation of databases on public services and the introduction of advanced information and communication technologies, as well as the creation of information centers);

Determining the possibilities and rational directions for applying world practice in the provision of public services to the population in electronic form;

Analysis of the effectiveness of the creation and modernization of information systems of authorities in the transition to electronic services;

Justification of proposals for the transition to electronic services, taking into account the development electronic way obtaining services, generating demand electronic statements, removing barriers to receiving services, reducing the cost of public services to citizens who receive them electronically;

Development of an approach to create the necessary prerequisites for the provision of services in electronic form, the formation of demand for services provided in electronic form, with the preparation of recommendations for the development of a system of public services to citizens in electronic form.

The subject of the research work is a set of measures for the effective and high-quality provision of public services to the population in electronic form.

The object of the study is public services provided to the population at the level of the subject of the Russian Federation in electronic form.

The scientific novelty of the study as a whole lies in the development of organizational and methodological foundations and a system of practical recommendations for the formation of effective provision of services in electronic form.

The most significant results of the dissertation research are as follows: the sequence of implementation of the gradual transition of state executive bodies to the provision of public services in electronic form is scientifically substantiated; a system of indicators for assessing the quality and accessibility of electronic public services has been developed, factors that have a negative impact on the quality and accessibility of public services have been identified; a methodology for assessing consumer satisfaction with the quality of the public service provided is proposed, on the basis of which the final coefficient of readiness for electronic interaction is calculated, reflecting the level of electronic interaction of the state body, as well as showing the degree of its readiness for the provision of services in electronic form;

A set of organizational and economic recommendations has been developed for the development of methods for express analysis of an e-government project, the essence of which is reflected in the constant monitoring of the current situation, which provides for a scoring assessment of public satisfaction with the quality of services provided in electronic format and allows to identify factors that can contribute to increasing citizens' satisfaction with quality and accessibility services.

theoretical and methodological basis research served as the development of domestic and foreign scientists and specialists in the field economic development, information technology, public and municipal government.

The information base of the work was made up of data from the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation, Federal Laws of the Russian Federation, target programs, resolutions and orders of the Government of the Russian Federation and its subjects, the Ministry of Communications and mass communications RF, results sociological research, Internet information resources. Reference and methodical literature, materials of specialized periodicals were used.

Practical significance and approbation of the research results.

The main provisions of the dissertation were discussed and tested in published articles and in a presentation at the scientific and practical conference: “Problems of integrating education, science and business in the face of new challenges of the global economy” (Moscow, 2013).

The practical recommendations proposed by the author on the development of methods for express analysis of the e-government project and assessment of satisfaction with the quality of the public service provided have been introduced into the practice of the State Budgetary Institution of the Kurgan Region "MFC". The completed scientific developments are also used in the educational process when teaching economic disciplines at the Kurgan branch of the Modern Humanitarian Academy.

Using the recommendations and conclusions of the dissertation will improve the efficiency and quality of public and municipal services provided. The main provisions of the dissertation research can be used in the performance of state functions and the transfer of public services to the population in electronic form by the subjects of the Russian Federation, as well as the development of administrative regulations of executive authorities.

The structure and content of the work are determined by the goals, objectives and logic of the dissertation research. The dissertation consists of an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion, a list of references. Scope of work - 126 pages of the main text, including tables and figures.

Similar theses in the specialty “Economics and Management of the National Economy: Theory of Management of Economic Systems; macroeconomics; economics, organization and management of enterprises, industries, complexes; innovation management; regional economy; logistics; labor economics”, 08.00.05 code HAC

Assessment of new forms of interaction between executive authorities and consumers of public services 2007, Candidate of Economic Sciences Golubeva, Anastasia Alekseevna
Formation of e-government in the Russian Federation: socio-political aspect 2009, candidate of political sciences Kashina, Elena Aleksandrovna
Administrative and legal regulation of public services 2008, candidate of legal sciences Beschastnova, Liliana Vladislavovna
Development of public services in the modern economic system 2006, Candidate of Economic Sciences Seleznev, Petr Ivanovich
Economic value of information electronic services of local governments 2012, Candidate of Economic Sciences Zholud, Alexey Alexandrovich

Dissertation conclusion on the topic “Economics and management of the national economy: the theory of management of economic systems; macroeconomics; economics, organization and management of enterprises, industries, complexes; innovation management; regional economy; logistics; labor economics”, Zhidkova, Oksana Sergeevna

Conclusion

Improving the quality of public services should become an integral part of public administration capable of ensuring the effective development of socio-economic processes in Russia. The provision of services has played a significant role in the socio-economic development of society since ancient times. The presence of services as a form of interaction between people determines the formation and construction of a modern economically developed society.

The social significance of information about the activities of state bodies is as follows: firstly, at the stage modern development public authorities are the bearers and holders of the largest volume of socially significant information, environmental, legal, information about emergencies and incidents, which causes a constant increased interest of the whole society; secondly, today for society the most significant and essential will be the information resources of public authorities; thirdly, the implementation of the possibility of gaining access to such resources is relatively new for the Russian Federation, and the legislation in this area is the youngest; Fourth, the Internet is the most effective modern facility dissemination of information among a wide range of the population.

Thus, not only providing interested persons with access to information about the activities of state bodies, but also the entire public will contribute to the development of state publicly available (electronic) information resources that allow: - to improve the quality of public administration; - to achieve transparency in making managerial decisions;

Create a system of control over the activities of government bodies by society itself.

At the same time, state bodies are still not effectively using the possibilities of information technology in order to move to a qualitatively new level of interaction with the population.

Today, a systematic approach is needed to the provision of services to the population in an electronic version (form), involving the solution of organizational, economic, legal and a number of other issues.

An important task is the formation and development of the industry and the corresponding infrastructure that increases the level of demand for electronic services targeted at the mass consumer using information (electronic) resources that ensure a high level of quality, accessibility and efficiency in the provision of electronic public services. It is necessary to establish a unified system for the provision of services in electronic form throughout the Russian Federation, including the creation of a single database, the requirement for the composition and content of information about the service provided in electronic form, and the mechanism for authorizing service users.

Of particular relevance at present is the task of automating communication between citizens and the state in the provision of public services, obtaining a unique opportunity to interact with the state 24 hours a day in self-service mode, determining the quantitative characteristics of the public availability of information related to the performance of functions and the provision of public services on the basis of existing administrative regulations. , as well as the development of opportunities for electronic interaction on the official websites of executive authorities.

Today, it is necessary to create and develop state interdepartmental electronic interaction that allows exchanging data and making decisions in real time, while ensuring the security of the recipient and the representative of services provided electronically.

Despite the existing differences between the subjects of the country in informatization, as well as the level of information and communication infrastructure of public authorities, most of them are striving for a phased transition to electronic interaction, the provision of information resources via the Internet. Based on this, the paper proposed a method for calculating the final coefficient of readiness for electronic interaction, which reflects the level of electronic interaction of the state body and shows the degree of readiness of the state body to provide services in electronic form.

In the ongoing study, a questionnaire "Quality of public services through the eyes of the population" was developed, consisting of several blocks: the first block of questions of the questionnaire - the position and opinion of the population on interaction with executive authorities in the provision of public services. This block includes questions aimed at clarifying:

Problems that may arise for individuals and legal entities when receiving public services in a public authority;

The reasons why citizens have to refuse to receive public services;

social institutions, which citizens trust more when filing a complaint against the actions (inaction) of officials in the provision of public services;

The desire of citizens to use the services of intermediary organizations in obtaining public services; the second block of questions in the questionnaire is the availability of an appropriate infrastructure available in public authorities that provide and provide public services. Intended respondents are asked to answer questions that arise when applying to a public authority for obtaining the necessary public service; the third block of questions in the questionnaire is the wishes of citizens about what needs to be done to improve the work of civil servants at all levels and improve the quality and accessibility of public services. the fourth block of questions of the questionnaire is to determine the indicators of the quality and accessibility of public services, allowing satisfaction of the needs and desires of the population in the provision of public services.

Based on the questionnaire, the main reasons for the dissatisfaction of the population with the quality of the provision of services in electronic format and factors that can improve the quality and accessibility of the provision of public services to the population in any region of the country can be identified.

At present, the reality is that Russia does not have a sufficient number of specialists, as well as specially designed information programs in the field of providing and developing public services to the population in electronic form. In order to narrow the gap, our country has to do a lot of work, in which people interested in the accelerated informatization of the country should participate. Serious support is needed from the government and public authorities at different levels, their close interaction.

Another problem is the qualification of specialists called to implement the Electronic Russia program. Unfortunately, in our country there are not enough specialists capable of working with modern information technologies, and one cannot but take into account the ongoing so-called "brain drain" abroad, where they offer a better standard of living and well-being.

Opportunities and implementation of financing programs, interaction between the state and society, coordinated actions of public authorities at all levels are also among the priority issues in building an electronic state.

With modern opportunities for the development of information and communication technologies and the implementation of interaction both between public authorities within state structures, and directly with consumers of services (physical and legal entities) should earn continuous process interconnections before the implementation of specific decisions in the country. Today, the proposed and adopted decisions by public authorities are directly subordinate to the executors of state structures and can only be approved by the top management, without taking into account the opinions and criticism of society.

An open information society, in our opinion, is:

Permanent operation Internet portals of public authorities;

Well-coordinated feedback process;

The ability of the population to take a direct part in assessing the effectiveness of the work of public authorities in decision-making;

Development and approval of legal documents regulating access to information resources;

Organization of continuous and uninterrupted work of sa11-centers, consulting receptions;

Development of measures that implement the conduct of public examinations;

Formation of a system of standards for public services, allowing the provision of services to citizens and businesses in electronic form.

The implementation of the concept for the introduction of e-government in the region will increase the budget expenditures for organizing the work and activities of the executive authorities of state structures, however, it should be noted that the total budget expenditures for the organization of the new public administration will decrease.

The introduction of e-government should lead to a reassessment of values and awareness of the modern and effective level of interaction not only for certain categories of citizens of our country, but for the entire society as a whole, including civil servants at all levels. At the same time, civil servants and employees of state departments of a functioning public administration system need to understand that not adopting a new system of interaction between authorities, authorities with citizens and organizations will contribute to the displacement of such officials from the outside and the arrival of new ones who implement and understand the prospects for interaction by means of information and communication technologies.

The main elements of the e-government of the region should be the following:

Information and analytical subsystems that increase the socio-economic development of the region through monitoring, analysis, forecasting and planning in the work of state authorities in the region;

Functional subsystems that implement the measurement of information between citizens and state authorities of the region in the provision and provision of public services in electronic form;

Integration subsystems that implement the functioning of interdepartmental interaction of authorities of the electronic government of the region between different levels of government;

Common information technology infrastructures that implement the interconnected existence of various subsystems of the electronic government of the region.

The methods for regulating the provision of public services are as follows:

Increasing the number of Internet users due to: support from the state to create the possibility for all categories of citizens to receive reference and special information upon request about the activities of public authorities, legal documents in public and most visited places;

Ensuring uninterrupted operation of the Internet in hard-to-reach and remote places, such as towns, villages, etc.;

When planning the budget, allocate subsidies for the implementation of building a network of access to Internet resources in remote areas;

Raising public awareness about e-government services: creation and organization of training programs on the use of public online services in schools, employment centers; conducting monitoring and information activities;

As part of the implementation of the e-government system, attract independent organizations to implement the planned projects.

In order for the participation of independent organizations to be effective, it is necessary:

Continuous training of internal staff and personnel reserve and acceptance of the experience of third-party employees;

Assess the feasibility of using independent organizations instead of their own state structures and departments;

Formation of priority public services provided at the initial stage of the implementation of the e-government system. At the same time, the services provided this stage from the list must meet the following criteria:

Rendering on the principle of "one window". For the consumer of services, it should not matter which of the public institutions do him a favor;

When developing an online version, the entire process of providing each of the services must be streamlined.

The introduction of e-government should be facilitated by the ease and mass access to public services in electronic form by individuals and legal entities. Responsible for documents submitted to public authorities will not be citizens, but civil servants.

The dissertation outlines the methodology for monitoring the official websites of executive authorities. Monitoring the content of official websites is monitoring the work of state bodies in distributing information and services of electronic interaction on their websites on the performance of state functions and the provision of public services in order to identify whether the current level of electronic interaction corresponds to the desired result.

This technique can be used:

For annual independent monitoring of the current state of readiness for electronic interaction on the official websites of the executive bodies of state power of the subject, the MFC in connection with the adoption and application of administrative regulations;

To introduce new developments to improve the analysis of the content of the official websites of the authorities,.

The methodology for monitoring the content of official websites of the executive authorities of the region of the Russian Federation and the MFC presented in the dissertation research is based on determining the quantitative characteristics of information and services posted on official websites.

The quantitative characteristic of information and services is determined using the criterion of the presence / absence of information and services posted on the official website of the state body, for each administrative regulation, taking into account the total number of administrative regulations.

The thesis proposes a methodology for assessing consumer satisfaction with the quality of the public service provided, on the basis of which the final coefficient of readiness for electronic interaction was developed, reflecting the level of electronic interaction of the state body, as well as showing the degree of readiness for the provision of services in electronic form.

The problem of informatization of the public administration system was given a significant place in the dissertation. This allows us to talk about the applied nature of the study.

Thus, the development of a socio-economic society is currently closely related to the developing Internet technologies, which should allow public authorities to provide high-quality, popular and affordable electronic services. Identification of negative impacts on the quality and ubiquity of public services, determined on the basis of indicators for assessing the quality and accessibility of electronic public services, allowing public authorities to continuously analyze and improve the provision of public services to the population.

Using the recommendations and conclusions of the dissertation will improve the efficiency of management and the quality of public services provided. The main provisions of the work can be used by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the formation of administrative regulations for the execution of state functions and in the course of transferring public services to the population into electronic form.

With an introduction to everyday life special devices and software, allowing to work at home and provide public services in electronic format quickly and conveniently for the population. This is necessary in order for society to realize and accept the organization of the creation of a new public administration - the provision of electronic public services.

To implement interactive interaction, specialists in the field of information and communication technologies should develop and improve existing software products for public authorities, their clients, citizens and businesses, as well as create special programs for certain categories citizens (pensioners, people with disabilities and with disabilities).

Today, state authorities must ensure not only the high quality of the provision of electronic public services, but also the continuity of their provision.

In order to create efficient functioning electronic region it is necessary to conduct among the users of public services an analysis of the provided public services of electronic form and official information, which are the most popular and frequently requested citizens in a particular region of the country, since Russia is a huge country with different territorial features and a specific mentality.

In the dissertation research, an analysis was made of the proposed and demanded public services provided to the population in electronic form in the territory of the Kurgan region. The most significant and in demand for the population are services that have a social orientation. High rates demand for public services are the Department of Health and the Main Department of Social Protection of the Population in the Kurgan Region.

Particularly important, in our opinion, the implementation of the program of the electronic region will be the creation and existence of access to the Internet in the region among the municipalities of district settlements and settlements. This requires the creation special conditions to engage highly qualified specialists who are able to create a system for the provision of public services to the population in electronic form, who are able to train available personnel on the ground in villages remote from the center, and also organize the possibility of control and supervision in the region over the activities of local authorities municipal levels. In its turn local authorities authorities municipality should organize among their citizens, future recipients of public services, new opportunities for obtaining official information about the activities of public authorities and a new way of providing public services in electronic form.

The introduction of information technologies into the public administration system should provide a new level of economic, social and educational development in Russia.

Thus, it will be fundamentally important that citizens (individuals and legal entities), when sending a request for the provision of the necessary information, as well as within the framework of the provision of public services, will be able to control the possibility and progress of its provision.

Very important and unique in the implementation of the e-government program will be the equality, without exception, of all categories of citizens and customers who will be provided with electronic services.

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Please note that the scientific texts presented above are posted for review and obtained through original dissertation text recognition (OCR). In this connection, they may contain errors related to the imperfection of recognition algorithms. There are no such errors in the PDF files of dissertations and abstracts that we deliver.

It might be useful to read:

E-government in facts and figures. "Electronic government" as a modern institution of interaction between the state and society

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