Electronic government in figures and facts. “Electronic government” as a modern institution of interaction between the state and society

The transition to a post-industrial society presupposes an inevitable transformation of political institutions and government controlled taking into account the requirements of the information age. New information integrative technologies are becoming increasingly widespread, have become the basis for globalization, and significantly influence social development. The number of individuals and institutions that have access to the Internet and use it to meet a growing number of their needs is growing rapidly.

Under these conditions, overly centralized structures are unable to respond with the necessary speed to the diverse changes in the surrounding world. There is an increasing need for greater flexibility and mobility of public services on the principles of flexibility, transparency, political neutrality, etc. Opportunities for using political and social technologies in governance are expanding (with mixed results). In the context of deepening globalization processes, national governments are forced to respond to the latest information technology achievements and trends to ensure or support the required level of international cooperation.

Internet technologies that ensure information interaction between authorities and the population and civil society institutions have received the stable name “electronic government” in modern literature. (E-Government). It is considered as a single socially responsible and informationally open institution (institute) with constant feedback.

In general, “electronic government” is defined as a specialized integrated system of interaction between executive power structures and citizens, civil society and business structures via the Internet. In this semantic range, single-order concepts are used: “electronic business” ( E-Business), "electronic citizen" ( E-Citizen), "electronic democracy" ( E-Democracy), “electronic self-government”, etc.

The model of the “electronic government” concept implies three types of interaction: between the state and citizens (G2C -government-to-citizen), state and business ( G2B - government-to-business), various branches of government (G2G -government-to-govemment).

The implementation of the concept of “electronic government” is closely related to public administration reform. On the one hand, the need to transition to electronic public administration requires a certain restructuring of the foundations of the administrative system, and on the other, the transition to “electronic government” to a certain extent helps to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of adopted management decisions; reducing maintenance costs state apparatus, increasing the productivity of civil servants; combating corruption in government agencies, etc.

Note!

It is advisable to consider “Electronic government” as a phenomenon that gives a new quality to management institutions, and its genesis as a unique process of their further institutionalization. The government itself can also be viewed as a political institution. Accordingly, for its analysis it is necessary to use institutional and neo-institutional approaches, the potential of the concepts of new public administration (management), network theory and other aspects of communication science, qualitative (value and target) approaches, expert assessments of the quality of public policies and management. Citizens (E-Citizen) are considered as consumers of electronic services of the state with corresponding rights and obligations. “Electronic government” seems to force institutions to work in a new way and, by creating new rules of the game, acts as a moderator of new institutionalization.

“Electronic government,” on the one hand, is considered as a technology that should improve the work of existing structures. On the other hand, it is called upon to organize in a new way the system of interactions between traditional structures at the federal, regional, and municipal levels, and therefore brings with it new institutional rules of the game.

The main institutional and technological features and characteristics of “electronic government” are formed depending on the political and economic systems of specific countries, government initiatives, programs and sequence of actions for its deployment, the economic and social resources, information and communication tools, etc.

Analysis of the “electronic government” system is advisable in the following areas:

• 1) the stages of its development (stages);
• 2) the level and nature of the development of electronic media, especially the Internet;
• 3) features of the sociocultural foundations and principles of the functioning of “electronic government”;
• 4) general and special in its country (national) model;
• 5) the relationship between e-government and the nature of administrative reforms;
• 6) monitoring feedback from “electronic government”, its interaction with civil society and business structures, etc.;
• 7) the nature and quality of training of managers in government and other structures 1.

The process of formation and transformation of the “electronic government” system can be divided into five ideal stages-directions (Table 6.2).

Table 6.2

Stages of formation and genesis of “electronic government”

Stage name
Initial presence	Characterized by the presence of a website and basic information on it, links to other authorities, departments of the government itself and non-governmental organizations
Advanced Presence	The stage of the developed information presence of a government authority on the Internet, measured by the presence on Saiga of archives of documents (laws, regulations, etc.), current information, databases (statistical and other information), a news section, a department of frequently asked questions, and the availability of services search, help, downloading files and site maps. This is the stage of one-way interaction, involving information flows from the state to the population
Interactive presence	It is characterized by the ability to download and fill out forms for various services, the availability of contact information and opportunities to contact representatives of government agencies, interactive relationships between all government bodies (and at all levels) with common databases, etc.
Transactional presence	The stage of two-way interaction between authorities and the population and business, which involves the use of the Internet to carry out the entire transaction - paying taxes and fines, requesting and receiving documents, paying for services using various payment systems, electronic signature and so on.
presence	Characterized by the presence of special tools and opportunities for involving citizens in discussion and decision-making - web forms for comments, tools for online consultation with the population, discussion forums on policy issues and government actions, online surveys, opportunities to receive a response to queries by e-mail or via web form (with response deadline) and sign up to receive information by email

Source: Political science: textbook for academic bachelor's degree / ed. V. S. Komarovsky. M.: Yurayt Publishing House, 2017. pp. 280-282.

The creation of “electronic government” is taking place in line with the reform of the entire public administration system. It involves greater openness and responsiveness; introduction of competitive and contractual principles; creation of separate specialized management structures with increased responsibility for performance results; increasing the role of ethical requirements for management, active interaction with civil society, greater focus of state interests on the needs and demands of citizens, etc. The advantages of “electronic government” are obvious: simplification of bureaucratic procedures, significant reduction in the time required for processing documents, ensuring easily verifiable, strict tax accountability of legal entities And individuals through the introduction of a unified electronic accounting system, increasing the level of budget revenues, reducing the scale of corruption and, accordingly, increasing citizens' trust in government institutions.

To reorganize the public administration system in the “electronic government” paradigm, a number of conditions are necessary. Among them: adoption of relevant government decisions; a sufficient level of “internetization” of society and government institutions; development of a rational concept of “electronic government” and creation of the necessary information technology prerequisites and electronic forms (documents, signatures, etc.), financial support, training of new personnel in the algorithm of this government; taking into account the most complex social and administrative-legal problems that arise when introducing new electronic organizational management models into life; “removal” of narrow technological approaches in the formation and operation of “electronic government” (“information technology will solve all problems”), overcoming the possibility of its use for antisocial purposes; rational and critical use of accumulated foreign experience and etc.

There are a number of social, political, psychological, financial and organizational factors that hinder the formation of “electronic government”. Among them: competition between the new “information-public” and traditional methods of public administration; significant costs for information technology government agencies management; changing the managerial mentality and increasing the ICT qualifications of civil servants; insufficient effectiveness of certain technological programs; supply problems information security, a sharp increase in the volume of information and its optimization, social and digital inequality, etc.

As part of online e-government activities, many types of public services have become accessible and convenient in a number of countries. Among them: requests to government bodies, the ability to check the stages of completion, receive a response indicating the result and those responsible for its adoption; payment of various payments via electronic forms (from rent to fines and taxes), receiving common forms of official documents, filling them out and sending them (including accepting tax returns, registering with the employment service); admission to universities via distance learning, interactive forms education; statements to the police (in case of theft or theft of a car) (Table 6.3). In the Republic of Korea, for example, the official web portal allows the applicant to get acquainted with the stages of 54 types of citizens' appeals and control this process at any time.

Table 63

Examples of increased management efficiency as a result of the implementation of electronic services

	Service type	before implementation	Time after implementation
Brazil	Electronic document forms	A few days
	Electronic tax forms
	Electronic registration of commercial entities
	Property registration	A few days
	Registration of land plots
	Making changes to real estate ownership
	Certificate of ownership of real estate
	Electronic customs
Philippines	Electronic customs		from 4 to 48 hours

Source: Irkhip Yu. V. Problems of the effectiveness of “electronic government” // Russian state and socio-economic challenges of our time // collection. international articles conf. IGSU RANEPA. T. 1. M.: Prospekt, 2015. P. 41-47.

The American and European models and dominant theories of information and communication technologies are somewhat different. In Europe as a whole, greater emphasis is placed on the role of ICT in administrative reform and services for citizens viewed as buyers. In the USA, in addition to improving administrative activities, more attention is paid to the influence of ICT on political participation and improving the functioning of the political system as a whole.

In principle, each country has its own characteristics of the formation, development and implementation of the “electronic government” concept.

There are numerous known problems with the use of information and communication technologies in management. Thus, the inadequacy of the “internetization” of many states, their institutions, and populations is obvious. The appropriate training of citizens is weak. Even if there is a necessary information database, understanding it requires the necessary skills. Becoming a truly “electronic citizen” (and not just a user of individual services) who understands the problems of public administration is no easier than becoming a conscious participant in political processes. Serious questions arise about the role of “electronic administrators” who have direct access to technological mechanisms of infocommunications, information theft, technological failures, viruses, etc.

The European Union has introduced a system of continuous monitoring of the availability and status of the following electronic services for citizens and businesses.

For citizens: income tax, declaration; job search through the employment service; social help, unemployment benefits, per child, reimbursement of expenses for medical services, tuition fees; personal documents (passport, driver's license; car registration; filing applications for construction; informing the police (theft, etc.); public libraries (accessibility of catalogs, search tools); birth certificates, marriage certificates (requests and provision); filing applications for admission to universities; information about a change of residence; services related to medicine (interactive consultations, applications for treatment in specific places, availability of services in the hospital).

For business: social contributions for workers; corporate taxes and declarations; value added tax; registration of a new legal entity; submission of statistical data; Customs declaration; obtaining permits related to security environment; state procurements.

The first country in the world to adopt an e-services law was Finland (2001). The law contains provisions on the rights, duties and responsibilities of government bodies and their clients in the field of electronic services, on key requirements for electronic identification of citizens. The Act requires authorities to provide the public with the option of electronic delivery of notices, bills and other similar documents and communications. Authorities and clients can confirm their decisions with an electronic signature.

The official web portal of Singapore (http://www.gov.sg) brings together all spheres of life: public administration, business, education, science, medicine and even the entertainment industry (the state allocates up to $0.5 billion per year for the program) . The portal is divided into four interconnected areas: government; resident citizens (permanent residents); business; non-residents. They provide a large number of information services in real-time mode and provide interactive communication. To do this, you need to first register (specify the password, login and user code) and receive the necessary information in any of the directions 1.

The consumer-oriented approach has great importance for organizing the work of public services. In general, a model of public administration is emerging that is focused on the efficiency of business processes, the idea of ​​​​the distinction between policy and practice, and the multiplication production indicators. At the same time, laptops and smartphones are increasingly being used, making it possible to carry out online transactions without being tied to a specific location.

“Electronic governments” contribute to a certain openness of states, appropriate reporting, reducing the level of corruption and irresponsibility of officials, improving financial management. Overall, management thinking is changing for the better. The implementation of reforms in a number of countries has improved thanks to information technology, increased trust in government, and high-quality processing of the growing flow of

data and knowledge. The activities of “electronic governments” involve rapid and profound changes in a number of legal documents. In the Republic of Korea, up to 40% of the regulations governing public administration and service were changed over several years. In general, document flow is being improved. As a rule, younger managers are increasingly coming to the leadership of public services; wages may be increased based on the final results of their work.

At the same time, there are numerous problems with the use of information and cybernetic technologies in management. The appropriate training of citizens is weak. Even if there is a necessary information database, then in order to understand it, the necessary preparation is required. Becoming a truly “electronic citizen” (and not a user of individual services) who understands the problems of public administration is no easier than becoming a conscious participant in political processes.

• See: Yakunin V.I., Sulakshin S.S., Bagdasaryan V. EOrlov I.B., Stroganova S.M. Quality and success of public policies and management. M., 2012. S. 5.
• During a visit to Singapore, D. A. Medvedev (as an experiment) from his laptop provided the ES of this country with several documents necessary for opening a cafe (registration sheet, application, passport data and account details), and immediately received a response from the ES about them receipt, and a week later - electronic notification of permission for the requested activity.

• Zakharova Anastasia Ivanovna, student
• Bashkir State Agrarian University

• ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENT
• POPULATION
• STATE
• ELECTRONIC INTERACTION

The article is devoted to the problem of developing a system of electronic interactions between the state and the population.

• Development of a legal system of electronic interactions between the state and the population
• Development of a system of electronic interactions between the state and the population
• Methodology of civil society and its interaction with the state
• Integrated land policy as an object of political science research

In the 21st century, Russia set foot on new stage information development. Electronic communication systems are coming to the fore, and the information and telecommunications network Internet is becoming widespread. Meanwhile, the leading countries of the world are already switching to an innovative path of development and introducing electronic systems in all spheres of state life, including in the sphere of providing public services to the population, it appears modern concept implementation of the so-called “electronic government” (e-government). There is such a thing as electronic interaction between the state and the population.

This scientific work is based on the research of A.F. Garifullina, who has a number of scientific works on this topic.

Electronic interaction between the state and the population is a system of interaction between government bodies and the population, based on the widespread use of modern information technologies, including the Internet, to increase the availability and quality of public services, reduce the time it takes to provide them, as well as reduce the administrative burden on citizens and organization associated with their receipt.

Every year, information technologies are becoming increasingly important in the activities of government bodies. It is IT that is aimed at reducing the “gap” between the state and the population. This can be confirmed by the transition to an electronic municipality, which significantly reduces the time it takes to provide state and municipal services, makes municipalities more accessible to citizens, and the activities of local authorities themselves more transparent.

The relevance of this topic today does not raise any doubts. After all, the special role of information support for management and provision of electronic information services was even noted by the Chairman of the Government Russian Federation Vladimir Putin: “We need to save people from the need to go to offices, fray their nerves in queues when they need to get basic papers from the BTI, social services, DEZ, passport offices and registration desks in clinics. In this regard, in the coming years we must completely rebuild the system of providing state and municipal services in in electronic format. We are talking about information and service portals, integrated communication channels, departmental and regional data banks.”

In my opinion, the development of a system of electronic interaction between state and society in Russia will depend primarily on the participation of citizens themselves. There are two main problems that hinder the development of civil participation in the development of the electronic state - problems of access to technology and problems of access to information.

In modern legal science, there are several approaches to understanding the term “electronic state”:

• a system of government bodies ensuring the implementation of state policy in the field of informatization;
• organization of government power based on the use of information and communication technologies;
• organization of interaction between government bodies and society in order to provide public services and ensure the possibility of participation in the exercise of power by the population using information and telecommunication technologies.

The introduction of e-government assumes that the activities of government agencies should be based on a powerful, efficient and secure electronic system both in their internal activities and in interaction with citizens. So that the databases of various departments are compatible and can exchange information, so that a citizen can register from home Required documents that public procurement be carried out through open electronic tenders.

The role of the electronic state is to improve the mechanism of interaction between society and the state in order to resolve vital problems, simplify the procedures for the provision of public services and the exercise of power by the population, reduce the costs of maintaining the state apparatus, improve the quality of government decisions, ensure the principles of transparency and openness in exercise of power, increase the legal awareness of the population and ensure the exercise of power by the population through information and communication technologies, correspond to the appearance of modern information society. Of course, the formation of an electronic state in our country is a necessary step towards improving power and management, ensuring the possibility of effectively combating corruption and paperwork in all government structures, maintaining Russia’s position in the international arena in the field of information and communication technologies and electronic government.

USE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN ORGANIZATIONS
( as a percentage of the total number of surveyed organizations)

Organizations that used:
personal computers
Computers of other types
local area networks
email
global information networks
of which the network:
Internet
including broadband access
Intranet
Extranet
Organizations that had a website on the Internet

Thus, we can conclude that the mechanism for creating electronic interaction between citizens and the state has been “launched”; the main steps towards ensuring the presence of government bodies and information about their activities on the Internet have already been taken. Next, it is necessary to place special emphasis on creating conditions for the transition from the industrial model of "big government" - centralized, hierarchical and operating in the material economy - to a new model of management based on self-organizing inter-institutional networks of cooperation, exchanging knowledge and operating in the "digital economy".

Bibliography

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4. On the development of information technologies in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation / speech by V.V. Putin dated February 8, 2010 // access mode: http://www.1sn.ru/37883.html
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New ITTs change the nature of information interaction between society and the state and expand the rights of citizens. The intensive introduction of ITT into government bodies makes it possible to bring them closer to citizens, improve and expand services to the public, increase internal efficiency and reduce costs in the public sector, and stimulate the creation of new information technologies, products and services by the private sector. The introduction of ITT into government bodies is a complex process due to a number of factors:

the vertical structure of the administration, which needs to be changed to horizontal;

lack of understanding on the part of employees;

lack of databases designed for public access;

ambiguity with legal status access to public information.

As already emphasized, the potential for citizens to directly influence governments raises the question of transforming existing democratic structures. Prerequisites for expanding democracy with the help of ITT are emerging.

The price for convenience, speed of transmission and reception of information, various information services - loss of anonymity. All “steps” of an individual along the information highway can be traced and recorded in ever-growing databases. The commercial sector and criminal organizations are showing great interest in monitoring this information, as it makes it possible to create detailed portraits of consumer behavior, which poses a great threat to privacy. Therefore, citizens must be provided with access to technology and software to protect their privacy, messages and communications. The means to achieve these goals are digital signature and encryption. The government needs to establish regulations that govern the use of encryption tools.

Regarding access to public information, the following principles are applied in world practice:

information should be open to everyone;

basic information should be free. If additional processing is required, a reasonable price must be set that takes into account the cost of preparing and transmitting the information, plus a small profit. When determining the cost of information transmission services, the nature of its use by the consumer is taken into account;

continuity (information must be provided constantly, its completeness and reliability are guaranteed.

The Internet is quickly becoming an important means of conducting political activity. During election campaigns, pages of information are posted on the Internet to target voters. About 10% of voters turn to this resource for their choice. A significant part of those who applied are young people who are reluctant to respond to other means of conveying political information.

Various non-profit organizations are being created around the world, the purpose of which is to ensure public participation in government activities through forums on the Internet.

The federal government must recognize the urgent need to address regulations and remove barriers to competition.

Backbone networks and new infrastructure must be built by the private sector and the risk must fall on shareholders.

The highway must “promote” across the country in accordance with market demands.

The development of the information highway must be “technologically neutral”, i.e. the state should not support any one of the technologies.

The role of the state must be seen in the context of the role of the private sector, which makes investments and bears financial risk. Its policies should be aimed at creating jobs and national wealth, stimulating competition and research and development.

Since the role of the state in the development of the information society is the same in different countries, international organizations are conducting research on this issue in order to develop universal approaches.

For example, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development considered two aspects: changes in the state apparatus under the influence of ICT and the role of the state in activities in cyberspace, mainly in e-business.

With regard to the “cyber economy”, states are asked to develop policies that facilitate the transition to it, ensuring the protection of intellectual property rights, the security of financial and commercial transactions, the use of cryptography and the collection of taxes.

To summarize, it can be argued that the state plays a key role in the development of the information society as:

coordinator of efforts of various subjects of society;

a mechanism for reconciling contradictions between business and social institutions;

a legislator capable of providing conditions for competition in the information industry, legally protecting the rights to privacy and intellectual property, determining the rules for the functioning of electronic commerce systems, and ensuring the development of education systems.

The role of the state is to strike a balance between:

competition and regulation;

the freedom to use encryption to protect privacy and personal communications and the need to protect the public interest from criminals;

freedom of speech and expression and protection of the morals and interests of minors.

At the same time, it is necessary to clearly distinguish between the interests of the state and the state apparatus. Control over the latter by public organizations and elected bodies is an indispensable condition for democratic development.

Information interaction between the state and society.

The use of ITT in government agencies has two main goals:

To make the state more democratic, informationally open, and “transparent” to the population, which is facilitated by the provision of a number of public services to the population and business with the help of ITT, the opening of arrays with state information, such as statistics, codes of laws, including through the creation of their own “pages” by government departments » on the Internet, establishing a dialogue with the public.

Increase the efficiency of the government apparatus. Here it is necessary to establish order in the operation of existing and design of new state information systems. This is due to their high cost and the lack of clear criteria for assessing the effectiveness of their activities.

The UK has achieved great success in this matter, consistently pursuing a policy of providing information and services to citizens from the state via the Internet. The State Information Service provides access to more than 300 government organizations. The UK government is implementing special programs designed mainly for small and medium-sized businesses, education and retraining systems. They are designed to facilitate the provision of services to the business world and citizens, increase the efficiency and openness of the government apparatus, and reduce taxpayer costs.

The UK Government's aim is to have as much information as possible available electronically. The nature, volume and content of information is determined by conducting a number of pilot projects, which will require significant capital investments. Capital expenditures are made by the private sector in exchange for future payments from consumers for services. Funds for contracts with private firms to service government agencies should come from savings on the maintenance of the state apparatus.

A very important issue in the use of information technology is determining the price of government information. In Canada, for example, it is divided into two types:

information used by the general public, such as directories, government decisions (free or low cost);

information that is in limited demand, for example, research, technical, stored in specialized databases (funds should be charged to compensate for the costs of selecting and processing information).

A project is being implemented in Spain Vereda , in which the state offers citizens information services (on insurance, financial services, entertainment, as well as in the field of public administration) through interactive terminals located in public places.

In Singapore, businessmen can pay taxes electronically.

Countries sevens the project is being implemented State online , which pursues the following goals:

creating conditions for the online implementation of traditional public services;

widespread provision of fully interactive services to citizens;

usage Email to replace paper correspondence within the government apparatus and between the state and citizens.

The experience of the United States, where the process of using ITT in government agencies is legally regulated, is of interest.

The objectives of the law are as follows:

encourage the federal government to strategically use information technology to achieve its efficient work and ensuring the most optimal balance between the cost and effectiveness of government services provided to the population;

stimulate timely acquisition of information technologies, ensure management and use of effective solutions;

reorient the government's information technology support system from process to result;

increase the responsibility of officials for the use of information technologies and information resources to support the activities of their agencies;

ensure the level of services provided by the government is comparable to the best examples private sector;

propose a cross-departmental approach to information resources available for public use in government;

reduce fraud, waste, abuse and errors that arise from poorly managed information systems;

increase the government's ability to reconstruct management processes before introducing innovative technologies;

encourage agency leaders to create capital expenditure plans and process improvements before implementing ITT;

establish a unified approach to information resource management in order to increase productivity and efficiency of federal government programs.

Each government agency's annual budget report to Congress must report achievements resulting from ITT investments and indicate how they contribute to the agency's core activities.

Each agency appoints a chief information officer. He has the following responsibilities:

advises and assists the agency head and senior management regarding the acquisition of information technology and management of information resources in accordance with the objectives formulated by agency management;

develops, maintains and helps build the agency’s information infrastructure;

ensures the effective design and operation of all information resource management processes.

The head of each agency is responsible for managing information resources to improve the efficiency and productivity of their agencies. Every agency must manage its information resources by reducing the amount of information collected and increasing efficiency and productivity.

The experience of France is also interesting, where the functions of coordinating the activities of government bodies in the field of computer science are assigned to the Interdepartmental Committee on Computer Science and Office Equipment in the state administration. The Committee is responsible for the state of affairs in the field of computerization of public administration and is endowed with the rights:

receive information from any government bodies and government organizations on issues of informatization of their activities;

supervise the functioning of information systems used by government bodies and government organizations;

keep records and consider problems arising in connection with the computerization of local government;

promote the implementation of interdepartmental computerization projects in the field of public administration.

Each ministry and department develops and submits to the Committee its general plans for the development of information technologies and communications networks. These documents include the goals and main directions of computerization of management activities of ministries, plans for preparing civil servants for the introduction of new information processing technology, an assessment of financial costs, and a description of the most important stages in the development and implementation of informatization projects.

Thus, the information interaction between society and the state with the introduction of ITT into this process takes on a fundamentally new quality, conditions are created for the further development of democracy, greater information independence of the individual, the establishment of control over the activities of government bodies not only by other branches of government and the media, but also by large groups of citizens.

The Internet in many countries is seen as a means of providing public services to the population as part of broader projects such as State online . This is a fundamentally new approach that gives information technology social dimension , contributes to the development of democracy.

Economic foundations of the information society.

1. Information industry and economic development

The information industry can be defined as a branch of the economy associated with the production, processing, transmission, storage of all types of information, the creation of the necessary technical devices and technology. It is the most dynamic sector of the world economy, generating products and services that significantly change the nature of doing business in traditional industries not directly related to the creation, processing and dissemination of information. The use of ITT in many areas of services and industry has become an absolutely necessary element of competition and strategic development.

The philosophical significance of this factor is that human activity increasingly based on knowledge codified in various technologies and computer programs. Intellectualization economic life requires corresponding changes in the social organization of society, in the field of education, and in methods of production. Knowledge recorded in technologies and computer systems becomes an objective factor of development. The basis for the existence of society is knowledge, the use of which requires special means - information and telecommunication technologies. The production of knowledge is turning into the most important function of society, ensuring survival and further progress, and modern ITTs are becoming the means for realizing this function.

Common concept information economy characterizes the current trend in the development of the world economy associated with the increasing role of the information industry and knowledge in the economic life of society. Of course, traditional industry Agriculture and the service sector still dominate in production volumes, but the highest growth rates and profitability are observed in the information industry.

The modern information industry unites a wide range of companies and firms engaged in the production, transformation, and transmission of information presented in the form of data, text, graphics, video, and sound. Three branches of the information industry can be distinguished: production of information and telecommunications equipment, communications and production of content (information).

The information industry is undergoing intense structural changes driven by rapid technological advances, continued improvements in efficiency, and falling costs of these technologies.

These structural changes are transforming the information market. New market participants are emerging, often from other areas of the information industry. For example, telecommunications companies are entering content markets. The globalization of the electronic print market, combined with deregulation, is intensifying international competition in regional and national content markets. It becomes difficult to protect rights to intellectual products.

The development of the information industry is driven not only by new technological solutions and organizational mergers, but also by a whole complex of economic factors. The economic rationale for the activities of high-tech companies, which include manufacturers of information products and services, telecommunications and computer equipment, is the same as in other areas. This is the desire to dominate the market, expand its boundaries, offer new products, improve the quality of services and goods and, ultimately, get the maximum return on investment.

Chechetkin V.D. Development of the information society Lecture 3

Chapter 1. Theoretical and methodological aspects of the development of public services in the modern information society.

1.1. The role and place of the service sector in the modern development of society.

1.2. The system of legal regulation of the provision of public services.

1.3. Goals, objectives and features of administrative reform at the regional level.

Chapter 2. Study of factors and trends in the development of the public service system.

2.1. The state of development of the service sector in the conditions of informatization.

2.2. Assessing the effectiveness of existing forms and methods of regulating public services.

2.3. Study of rational foreign approaches to the provision of public services in Russian practice.

Chapter 3. Formation effective system provision of public services.

3.1. Methodology for monitoring official websites executive bodies state power of the subject of the Russian Federation and multifunctional centers when performing government functions.

3.2. Analysis of the content of official websites of multifunctional centers for the provision of public services.

3.3. Prospects for the development of the system of providing public services in the conditions of modern Russia.

Recommended list of dissertations

• Improving the processes of providing public services based on information and communication technologies 2006, Candidate of Economic Sciences Shestakova, Svetlana Vyacheslavovna

• Legal and organizational issues of standardization of the activities of internal affairs bodies in providing services to the population 2010, candidate of legal sciences Chislov, Vladimir Ivanovich

• State policy in the field of information technology: the experience of the Russian Federation 2012, Doctor of Political Sciences Ustinovich, Elena Stepanovna

• Development of administrative regulation in the context of public administration reform 2012, Doctor of Economics Keil, Yakov Yakovlevich

• Political leadership of the development of public services at the level of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation 2011, candidate of political sciences Shevchenko, Viktor Mikhailovich

Introduction of the dissertation (part of the abstract) on the topic “Development of a system for providing electronic government services to the population: the example of the Kurgan region”

Electronic government is a single complex of technologically interconnected government information systems and elements of information technology infrastructure that provide a new level of effectiveness and efficiency of government bodies.

Government services, in response to citizens' expectations for quality and responsive services, are seeking to improve their operations by using new technologies and various solutions that simplify relationship management and access to information. In addition, informatization is becoming an important component of optimizing processes within government structures themselves, playing a special role in connection with the administrative reform ongoing in the country, reform of the education system, pension and other reforms.

Strategic goal e-government is a change in the relationship between government and society - improving the provision of services to the population and business, as well as expanding the degree of participation of all citizens in the processes of managing society and the state.

Electronic government how effective tool public administration solves numerous problems of information interaction - helps eliminate the bureaucratic barrier between the public service and the individual, improving access to government information resources, simplifying the receipt of necessary information and services.

Defining the principles and basic approaches to the transition to electronic services today is one of key points in the development of the system of providing public services in electronic form.

As part of the implementation of administrative reform, analyzing the reasons for reforming the public sector in different countries, we can conclude that the incentive to carry out administrative reform will be to increase the level of information and provision of services provided by the state electronically, the desire to reduce government spending, and increase transparency in the work of state and municipal authorities.

Administrative reform represents a program for the modernization of the executive branch, affecting changes in its functionality, organizational structure, work technologies, the nature of interaction with civil society.

Reform should not be seen as something imposed from above on civil society, but as an ongoing process that directly affects the improvement of management efficiency and the achievement of final results. Today it is necessary systems approach to the provision of services to the population in electronic form, which involves solving organizational, economic, legal and a number of other issues.

Of particular relevance at present is the task of automating communication between citizens and the state in the provision of public services, obtaining a unique opportunity to interact with the state 24 hours a day in self-service mode, determining the quantitative characteristics of the public availability of information relating to the provision of public services and the implementation of government functions based on existing administrative regulations, as well as the availability of electronic interaction functions on the official websites of executive authorities.

When forming centralized programs for informatization of regional information systems, many of them are implemented within the framework of separate programs and have no connection with each other. Thus, information systems are limited to serving a limited range of tasks, and informatization processes in the regions are of a departmental nature.

To improve the quality of life of citizens when transferring public services into electronic form, it is necessary to create new mechanisms for intellectual and creative activity, identify the best foreign practices, improve the regulatory framework governing the procedures for the provision of public services, and conduct constant monitoring of the quality of services provided.

These circumstances determined the choice of the topic of the dissertation, determined its purpose, objectives, subject, object and research methods.

The purpose of the study is to develop forms and methods for developing interaction between the state represented by its executive bodies and officials with citizens and organizations in the provision of public services in electronic form.

The implementation of this goal required the solution of a number of tasks: -research of the theoretical and methodological foundations, principles and mechanisms for regulating the provision of public services to the population in electronic form with clarification of the features of the formation of a system for informing potential consumers about public services and their provision through the development of appropriate infrastructure (formation of databases on government services and the introduction of advanced information and communication technologies, as well as the creation of information centers);

Determining the possibilities and rational directions for applying world practice in the provision of public services to the population in electronic form;

Analysis of the effectiveness of creating and modernizing government information systems during the transition to electronic services;

Justification of proposals for the transition to electronic services taking into account development electronic way obtaining services, generating demand electronic statements, eliminating barriers to receiving services, reducing the cost of government services for citizens receiving them electronically;

Development of an approach to create the necessary prerequisites for the provision of services in electronic form, creating demand for services provided in electronic form, with the preparation of recommendations for the development of a system of public services to citizens in electronic form.

The subject of the research work is a set of measures for the effective and high-quality provision of public services to the population in electronic form.

The object of the study is government services provided to the population at the level of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation in electronic form.

The scientific novelty of the study as a whole lies in the development of organizational and methodological foundations and a system of practical recommendations for the formation of effective provision of services in electronic form.

The most significant results of the dissertation research are as follows: the sequence of the gradual transition of state executive bodies to the provision of public services in electronic form is scientifically substantiated; a system of indicators for assessing the quality and accessibility of electronic government services has been developed, factors that have a negative impact on the quality and accessibility of government services have been identified; a methodology has been proposed for assessing consumer satisfaction with the quality of the public service provided, on the basis of which the final coefficient of readiness for electronic interaction is calculated, reflecting the level of electronic interaction of a government body, as well as showing the degree of its readiness to provide services in electronic form;

A set of organizational and economic recommendations has been developed for the development of methods for express analysis of the e-government project, the essence of which is reflected in the constant monitoring of the current situation, providing for a point assessment of the population’s satisfaction with the quality of service provision in electronic format and allowing to identify factors that can contribute to increasing citizen satisfaction with the quality and availability of services.

Theoretical and methodological basis research served as the development of domestic and foreign scientists and specialists in the field economic development, information technology, government and municipal government.

The information base of the work was made up of data from the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation, Federal laws of the Russian Federation, target programs, decrees and orders of the Government of the Russian Federation and its constituent entities, the Ministry of Communications and mass communications RF, results sociological research, Internet information resources. Reference and methodological literature, materials from specialized periodicals were used.

Practical significance and testing of the research results.

The main provisions of the dissertation were discussed and approved in published articles and a speech at a scientific and practical conference: “Problems of integration of education, science and business in the context of new challenges of the global economy” (Moscow, 2013).

Suggested by the author practical recommendations on the development of methods for express analysis of an e-government project and assessment of satisfaction with the quality of the public service provided have been introduced into the practice of the Kurgan Region State Budgetary Institution “MFC”. The completed scientific developments are also used in educational process when teaching economic disciplines at the Kurgan branch of the Modern Humanitarian Academy.

Using the recommendations and conclusions of the dissertation will improve the efficiency and quality of government and municipal services provided. The main provisions of the dissertation research can be used in the performance of government functions and the transfer of public services to the population into electronic form by constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as the development of administrative regulations of executive authorities.

The structure and content of the work are determined by the goals, objectives and logic of the dissertation research. The dissertation consists of an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion, and a list of references. Volume of work - 126 pages of main text, including tables and figures.

Similar dissertations majoring in “Economics and management of the national economy: theory of management of economic systems; macroeconomics; economics, organization and management of enterprises, industries, complexes; innovation management; regional economy; logistics; labor economics", 08.00.05 code VAK

• Assessment of new forms of interaction between executive authorities and consumers of public services 2007, Candidate of Economic Sciences Golubeva, Anastasia Alekseevna

• Formation of electronic government in the Russian Federation: socio-political aspect 2009, candidate of political sciences Kashina, Elena Aleksandrovna

• Administrative and legal regulation of public services 2008, Candidate of Legal Sciences Beschastnova, Liliana Vladislavovna

• Development of public services in a modern economic system 2006, Candidate of Economic Sciences Seleznev, Petr Ivanovich

• Economic value of information electronic services of local governments 2012, Candidate of Economic Sciences Zholud, Alexey Alexandrovich

Conclusion of the dissertation on the topic “Economics and management of the national economy: theory of management of economic systems; macroeconomics; economics, organization and management of enterprises, industries, complexes; innovation management; regional economy; logistics; labor economics", Zhidkova, Oksana Sergeevna

Conclusion

Improving the quality of public services should become an integral part of public administration, capable of ensuring the effective development of socio-economic processes in Russia. The provision of services has played a significant role in the socio-economic development of society since ancient times. The availability of services as a form of human interaction determines the formation and construction of a modern economically developed society.

The social significance of information about the activities of government bodies is as follows: firstly, at the stage modern development of society, public authorities are carriers and holders of the largest volume of socially significant information, environmental, legal, information about emergencies and incidents, which causes constant increased interest of the entire society; secondly, today the most significant and significant for society will be the information resources of government bodies; thirdly, the realization of the possibility of gaining access to such resources is relatively new for the Russian Federation, and the legislation in this area is the youngest; fourthly, the Internet is the most effective modern remedy disseminating information to a wide range of people.

Thus, not only providing interested parties with access to information about the activities of government bodies, but also the entire public will contribute to the development of state publicly available (electronic) information resources, allowing: - to improve the quality of public administration; -achieve transparency in management decision-making;

Create a system of control over the activities of government bodies by society itself.

At the same time, government agencies are still not effectively using the capabilities of information technology in order to move to a qualitatively new level of interaction with the population.

Today, a systematic approach to providing services to the population in electronic form is needed, which involves solving organizational, economic, legal and a number of other issues.

An important task is the formation and development of the industry and the corresponding infrastructure, which increases the level of demand for electronic services aimed at the mass consumer using information (electronic) resources that ensure a high level of quality, accessibility and efficiency in the provision of electronic government services. It is necessary to establish a unified system for providing services in electronic form throughout the Russian Federation, including the creation of a unified database, requirements for the composition and content of information about the service provided in electronic form, and a mechanism for authorizing service users.

Of particular relevance at present is the task of automating communication between citizens and the state in the provision of public services, obtaining a unique opportunity to interact with the state 24 hours a day in self-service mode, determining the quantitative characteristics of the public availability of information relating to the performance of functions and the provision of public services based on current administrative regulations , as well as the development of electronic interaction capabilities on the official websites of executive authorities.

Today it is necessary to create and develop state interdepartmental electronic interaction, allowing the exchange of data and making decisions in real time, while ensuring the security of the recipient and representative of services provided electronically.

Despite the existing differences between the country's subjects in informatization, as well as the level of information and communication infrastructure of government bodies, most of them strive for a phased transition to electronic interaction and the provision of information resources via the Internet. Based on this, the work proposed a method for calculating the final coefficient of readiness for electronic interaction, which reflects the level of electronic interaction of a government agency and shows the degree of readiness of a government agency to provide services in electronic form.

In the ongoing study, a questionnaire was developed “The quality of public services through the eyes of the population,” consisting of several blocks: the first block of questions in the questionnaire is the position and opinion of the population on interaction with executive authorities in the provision of public services. This block includes questions aimed at clarifying:

Problems that may arise for individuals and legal entities when receiving public services from a government agency;

The reasons why citizens have to refuse to receive government services;

Social institutions, which citizens trust more when filing complaints about the actions (inaction) of officials in the provision of public services;

The desire of citizens to use the services of intermediary organizations when receiving government services; The second block of questions in the questionnaire is the availability of appropriate infrastructure available in government bodies that provide and provide public services. Prospective respondents are asked to answer questions that arise when applying to a government agency to obtain a necessary government service; The third block of questions in the questionnaire is the wishes of citizens about what needs to be done to improve the work of civil servants at all levels and improve the quality and accessibility of public services. The fourth block of questions in the questionnaire is to determine indicators of the quality and accessibility of public services, allowing the needs and desires of the population to be satisfied in the provision of public services.

Based on the questionnaire, the main reasons for the population’s dissatisfaction with the quality of services provided in electronic format and factors that can improve the quality and accessibility of public services to the population in any region of the country can be identified.

Currently, the reality is that Russia does not have a sufficient number of specialists, as well as specially developed information programs in the field of provision and development of public services to the population in electronic form. In order to close the gap, our country has to do a lot of work, in which people interested in the accelerated informatization of the country should participate. Serious support from the government and public authorities is needed to different levels, their close interaction.

Another problem is the qualifications of specialists called upon to implement the Electronic Russia program. Unfortunately, in our country there are not enough specialists capable of working with modern information technologies, and we also cannot fail to take into account the ongoing so-called “brain drain” abroad, where they offer a better standard of living and well-being.

The possibilities and implementation of program financing, interaction between the state and society, coordinated actions of government bodies at all levels are also among the priority issues in building an electronic state.

With modern opportunities for the development of information and communication technologies and the implementation of interaction both between government bodies within government structures and directly with consumers of services (physical and legal entities) must earn continuous process relationships before implementing specific decisions in the country. Today, the decisions proposed and adopted by public authorities are subordinated directly to the executives of government agencies and can only be approved by top management, without taking into account the opinions and criticism of society.

An open information society, in our opinion, is:

Continuous operation Internet portals of government bodies;

A well-coordinated feedback process;

The ability of the population to directly participate in assessing the effectiveness of government bodies when making decisions;

Development and approval regulatory documents regulating access to information resources;

Organization of continuous and uninterrupted operation of health care centers and consultations;

Development of activities that implement public examinations;

Formation of a system of public service standards that allows the provision of services to citizens and businesses in electronic form.

The implementation of the concept of introducing e-government in the region will increase budget expenses for organizing the work and activities of executive authorities of government agencies, however, it should be taken into account that the total budget expenses for organizing new public administration will decrease.

The introduction of e-government should lead to a reassessment of values ​​and awareness of the modern and effective level of interaction not only of certain categories of citizens of our country, but also of the entire society as a whole, including civil servants at all levels. At the same time, civil servants and employees of government departments of the functioning public administration system need to understand that failure to accept a new system of interaction between government bodies, government bodies with citizens and organizations will contribute to the displacement of such officials from the outside and the arrival of new ones who implement and understand the prospects for interaction by means information and communication technologies.

The main elements of e-government in the region should be the following:

Information and analytical subsystems that implement an increase in the socio-economic development of the region through monitoring, analysis, forecasting and planning in the work of government authorities in the region;

Functional subsystems that implement the measurement of information between citizens and government authorities of the region in the provision and provision of public services in electronic form;

Integration subsystems that implement the functioning of interdepartmental interaction of regional e-government authorities between different levels of government;

Common information technology infrastructures that implement the interconnected existence of various e-government subsystems in the region.

Methods for regulating the provision of public services are the following:

Increasing the number of Internet users through: support from the state to create the opportunity for all categories of citizens to receive reference and special information upon request about the activities of government bodies, regulatory documents in public and most visited places;

Ensuring uninterrupted operation of the Internet in hard-to-reach and remote places from the centers, such as towns, villages, etc.;

When planning the budget, allocate subsidies for the construction of an access network to Internet resources in remote areas;

Increasing public awareness about e-government services: creating and organizing training programs on the use of government online services in schools and employment centers; conducting monitoring and information activities;

As part of the implementation of the e-government system, attract independent organizations to implement planned projects.

In order to participate independent organizations was effective it was necessary:

Continuous training of internal personnel and personnel reserve and acceptance of the experience of employees of third-party organizations;

Assess the feasibility of using independent organizations instead of their own government agencies and departments;

Formation of priority public services provided at the initial stage of implementation of the e-government system. At the same time, the services provided at at this stage from the list must meet the following criteria:

Providing services based on the “one window” principle. For the consumer of services it should not matter which of the government agencies will do him a favor;

When developing an online version, the entire process of providing each of the services must be optimized.

The introduction of e-government should be facilitated by ease and widespread access to government services in electronic form by individuals and legal entities. Not citizens, but civil servants will be responsible for documents submitted to public authorities.

The dissertation outlines a methodology for monitoring official websites of executive authorities. Monitoring the content of official websites is monitoring the work of government bodies to disseminate information and electronic interaction services on their websites on the performance of government functions and the provision of public services in order to determine whether the current level of electronic interaction corresponds to the desired result.

This technique can be used:

For annual independent monitoring of the current state of readiness for electronic interaction on the official websites of executive bodies of state power of the subject, MFC in connection with the adoption and application of administrative regulations;

To introduce new developments to improve the analysis of the content of official websites of government authorities.

The methodology for monitoring the content of official websites of executive authorities of the region of the Russian Federation and the MFC presented in the dissertation research is based on determining the quantitative characteristics of information and services posted on official websites.

The quantitative characteristics of information and services are determined using the criterion of the presence/absence of information and services posted on the official website of the government body for each administrative regulation, taking into account the total number of administrative regulations.

The dissertation proposes a methodology for assessing consumer satisfaction with the quality of the public service provided, on the basis of which a final coefficient of readiness for electronic interaction was developed, reflecting the level of electronic interaction of a government body, as well as showing the degree of readiness to provide services in electronic form.

The problem of informatization of the public administration system was given a significant place in the dissertation. This allows us to speak about the applied nature of the research conducted.

Thus, the development of socio-economic society is currently closely connected with developing Internet technologies, which should allow government authorities to provide high-quality, in-demand and accessible electronic services. Revealing negative influences on the quality and widespread distribution of public services, determined on the basis of indicators for assessing the quality and availability of electronic public services, allowing government authorities to conduct continuous analysis and improvement of the provision of public services to the population.

Using the recommendations and conclusions of the dissertation will improve the efficiency of management and the quality of public services provided. The main provisions of the work can be used by constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the formation of administrative regulations for the execution of government functions and in the process of transferring government services to the population into electronic form.

Using the introduction to daily life special devices and software, allowing you to work from home and provide government services in electronic format quickly and conveniently for the population. This is necessary so that society understands and accepts the organization of creating a new public administration - the provision of electronic public services.

To implement interactive interaction, specialists in the field of information and communication technologies must develop and improve existing software products for public authorities, their clients, citizens and businesses, as well as create special programs for individual categories citizens (pensioners, people with disabilities and people with limited capabilities).

Today, government authorities must ensure not only the high quality of electronic government services, but also the continuity of their provision.

In order to create efficient functioning electronic region It is necessary to conduct an analysis among users of government services of the provided government services of electronic form and official information, which are the most popular and frequently requested by citizens in a particular region of the country, since Russia is a huge country with different territorial features and a specific mentality.

The dissertation research carried out an analysis of the proposed and in demand government services provided to the population electronically in the Kurgan region. The most significant and in demand for the population are services that have a social orientation. High performance the demand for public services is the Department of Health and the Main Directorate of Social Protection of the Population for the Kurgan Region.

Particularly important, in our opinion, the implementation of the electronic region program will be the creation and existence of access to the Internet in the region among municipalities of district villages and settlements. This requires the creation special conditions to attract highly qualified specialists who are able to create a system for providing public services to the population in electronic form, who are able to train existing personnel locally in villages remote from the center, as well as organize the possibility of control and supervision in the region over the activities of local authorities municipal levels. In its turn local authorities authorities municipality must organize among their citizens, future recipients of public services, new opportunities for obtaining official information about the activities of public authorities and a new way of providing public services in electronic form.

The introduction of information technologies into the public administration system should provide a new level of economic, social and educational development in Russia.

Thus, it will be fundamentally important that citizens (individuals and legal entities), when sending a request for the provision of the necessary information, as well as within the framework of the provision of public services, will be able to exercise control over the possibility and progress of its provision.

Very important and unique in the implementation of the e-government program will be equality without exception of all categories of citizens and clients to whom electronic services will be provided.

List of references for dissertation research Candidate of Economic Sciences Zhidkova, Oksana Sergeevna, 2013

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